268:
548:
attendance attracting criticism from socialist-sympathizing activists. In fall 1916, OlÅ”auskas expelled several students for refusing to attend the mass. Further rumors claimed that OlÅ”auskas misused the funds ā he purchased inferior goods at a premium from a certain
LabkauskienÄ. The situation was
336:
taught language and literature to the girls. In 1916, more courses and schools were established, including preparatory courses (93 students), pedagogical courses (31 students), and bookkeeping courses (29 students). More courses were established in 1917, culminating with the People's
University (a
344:
Students lived in dormitories (there were a total of three dormitories for girls and seven dormitories for boys). In
February 1916, the dormitories housed 873 students. There was also a shelter that housed 36 boys and 60 girls. To further support the students and other refugees, the Lithuanian
568:
and OlŔauskas was prohibited from purchasing goods from
LabkauskienÄ in April 1916. Before the prohibition took effect, OlÅ”auskas purchased the full inventory of LabkauskienÄ. The episode dealt a major blow to his reputation. In June, he took a long vacation to improve health at a Lithuanian
279:
named after
Martynas YÄas. It officially opened on 10 September 1915 with about 500 students. In early 1916, it had 498 students: 409 Catholics, 62 Jews, 18 Eastern Orthodoxs, and 9 Protestants. The school employed prominent Lithuanians as teachers: linguists
516:
All students received full room and board, including clothing and textbooks, for free. While conditions were cramped, the schools and dormitories were relatively well organized and supplied given the ongoing war. This was possible due to grants from the
205:
By the end of 1917, Voronezh was a cultural and educational center of
Lithuanians in Russia. Lithuanian activities gained political undertones after the leadership of the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers and the weekly newspapers
380:. Ateitis organized its first public conference in Voronezh on 2ā13 June 1917. It discussed not only organizational issues related to Ateitis, but also many political issues related to Lithuania's political future and the upcoming
444:
The
Lithuanian community in Voronezh organized various cultural events, including song concerts and theater performances. A noted concert took place on 19 February 1916. It included performances by a choir directed by
255:
was signed in March 1918, it became possible for
Lithuanians to start returning home. Most of the Lithuanian students departed Voronezh on 16 June 1918. After a two-week journey, 1,342 people reached
1286:
165:. The evacuation started on 2 August 1915. About 1,000ā1,500 students, teachers, and family members moved to Voronezh. Other schools were evacuated to other Russian cities, including
1281:
50:) in September 1917. All students received full room and board, including clothing and textbooks, for free. The schools employed a number of prominent Lithuanians, including
1271:
104:
28:
1301:
1175:
1296:
1276:
46:
which allowed
Lithuanians to establish boys' and girls' gymnasiums as well as other schools and courses culminating with the People's University (a
333:
63:
1306:
1251:
1213:
530:
584:. He resigned in November 1917 due to criticism and complaints by communist-leaning activists who became bolder and more active after the
462:
111:
in
November 1914 to provide assistance to the people fleeing the hostilities. The society received substantial funds from the Imperial
361:. Initially, they operated in secret, but became official organizations in summer 1917 and organized publication of their periodicals
1200:
186:
267:
237:
178:
376:
moved to Voronezh and became chaplain of the boys' gymnasium. Other prominent activists included Vytautas Endziulaitis and
537:, criticized such use of funds and argued that they should be used for more strategic goal of Lithuania's independence.
423:
1238:
457:
478:
moved to Voronezh at the end of 1916. He established an amateur theater group SkuduÄiai, which included the actress
534:
573:
and resigned from his position in Voronezh effective 1 September 1916. He was replaced by another Catholic priest
541:
131:
116:
35:
213:
208:
194:
236:, the newspapers and other property of the Lithuanian Society were seized by a Bolshevik committee headed by
252:
418:, advocated a more violent revolution and splintered off from the main AuŔrininkai group in December 1915.
574:
554:
373:
289:
494:
300:
135:
499:
446:
305:
221:
404:
325:
taught law, etc. The classes were taught in Russian, except for religion and the Lithuanian language.
294:
226:
130:. This included the VilkaviŔkis Boys' Gymnasium. As the front approached, the Lithuanian Society sent
558:
311:
285:
241:
146:
92:
59:
484:
479:
468:
392:
419:
409:
585:
579:
276:
233:
120:
39:
27:. Lithuanian students and teachers were evacuated from Vilnius to Voronezh in August 1915 by the
550:
451:
329:
322:
51:
1291:
1247:
1209:
1187:
1162:
1145:
518:
245:
112:
43:
140:
802:
563:
522:
396:
381:
338:
316:
281:
149:
to find a location deep inside Russia where Lithuanian schools could evacuate. They visited
55:
47:
372:
Ateitis society was larger (about 400 students). It became more active in 1917 when priest
505:
545:
400:
377:
358:
100:
71:
1219:
1265:
1123:
473:
248:. Several leaders of the Lithuanian Society, including Martynas YÄas, were arrested.
521:(100,000 rubles specifically for the schools) and the Special Council for Refugees (
66:. Students organized their own societies, most prominent of which were the Catholic
544:
who became known as a strict enforcer of Catholic ideas and supporter of mandatory
388:
353:
Students organized their own societies, most prominent of which were the Catholic
1137:
490:
166:
88:
24:
1176:"Voronežas ā lietuvių Å”vietimo židinys Rusijoje Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais"
434:
182:
31:. The schools were closed in 1918 when most of the Lithuanians returned home.
1191:
1149:
533:(1.4 million rubles in November 1915). Some Lithuanian activists, including
190:
174:
96:
1166:
162:
154:
20:
1144:(in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla.
354:
256:
170:
127:
108:
67:
42:, the Lithuanian Society received significant funds from the Imperial
1131:(Master's thesis) (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Vytautas Magnus University.
731:
Evening Courses for Handicrafts and Supervisors of Children's Shelters
570:
275:
The first and largest Lithuanian school in Voronezh was the boy's
266:
158:
150:
433:
There was also a non-partisan group of about 80 students. They
328:
The girls' gymnasium opened in November 1915 with 96 students.
876:
874:
734:
Rankų darbų ir vaikų prieglaudų prižiÅ«rÄtojų vakariniai kursai
467:
and Paulina ValaviÄiÅ«tÄ. Theater performances increased after
1202:
Prelatas Konstantinas OlÅ”auskas: visuomenÄs veikÄjo tragedija
345:
Society also opened sewing workshops, laundry, soup kitchen.
993:
991:
989:
976:
974:
972:
959:
957:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
828:
826:
1161:. Vol. II. Chicago: Dr. Kazio Griniaus Fondas.
597:List of Lithuanian schools and courses in Voronezh
399:, and theater group. A small group, which included
105:Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers
29:Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers
126:At first, students and schools were evacuated to
1287:Educational organizations disestablished in 1918
1009:
880:
1282:Educational organizations established in 1915
387:AuŔrininkai had about 200 members, including
19:were organized by Lithuanian war refugees in
8:
1272:1915 establishments in the Russian Empire
232:relocated to Voronezh in 1917. After the
892:
720:"SaulÄs" Å anÄių dviklasÄ pradinÄ mokykla
595:
271:Students of the Girls' Gymnasium in 1918
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1021:
997:
980:
963:
948:
936:
915:
865:
844:
832:
822:
717:Å anÄiai Primary School of SaulÄ Society
650:"SaulÄs" draugijos parengiamieji kursai
540:Further criticism was directed towards
527:ŠŃŠ¾Š±Š¾Šµ ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŃŠ°Š½ŠøŠµ ŠæŠ¾ ŃŃŃŃŠ¾Š¹ŃŃŠ²Ń Š±ŠµŠ¶ŠµŠ½ŃŠµŠ²
678:"SaulÄs" draugijos buhalterijos kursai
664:"SaulÄs" draugijos pedagoginiai kursai
332:became the principal of both schools.
441:and organized theater performances.
7:
1125:AuŔrininkų organizacija 1910-1938 m.
1122:AndrijauskaitÄ, UgnÄ Marija (2013).
1033:
675:Bookkeeping Courses of SaulÄ Society
661:Pedagogical Courses of SaulÄ Society
647:Preparatory Courses of SaulÄ Society
1246:(in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Candela.
748:Kontralasistentų vakariniai kursai
14:
1297:History of education in Lithuania
706:"SaulÄs" dviklasÄ pradinÄ mokykla
1302:History of Lithuania (1795ā1918)
1277:1918 disestablishments in Russia
1136:BiržiŔka, Vaclovas, ed. (1953).
458:AdelÄ NezabitauskaitÄ-GalaunienÄ
422:, future First Secretary of the
1159:Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija
703:Primary School of SaulÄ Society
1208:(in Lithuanian). Edukologija.
692:VilkaviŔkio berniukų gimnazija
633:Martynas YÄas Girls' Gymnasium
334:Sofija KymantaitÄ-ÄiurlionienÄ
107:was officially established in
64:Sofija KymantaitÄ-ÄiurlionienÄ
17:Lithuanian schools in Voronezh
1:
1307:Russian Empire in World War I
776:Vakariniai kursai suaugusiems
619:Martynas YÄas Boys' Gymnasium
395:. In 1917, they had a choir,
288:taught Lithuanian and Latin,
95:pushed into the territory of
1036:, pp. 172ā173, 179ā182.
531:Ministry of Internal Affairs
489:. The group staged plays by
424:Communist Party of Lithuania
187:Veiveriai Teachers' Seminary
759:Summer Courses for Teachers
745:Evening Courses for Farming
689:VilkaviŔkis Boys' Gymnasium
238:Vincas MickeviÄius-Kapsukas
1323:
1240:IÅ” Agaro kraÅ”to: 1885ā1941
773:Evening Courses for Adults
636:M. YÄo mergaiÄių gimnazija
622:M. YÄo berniukų gimnazija
526:
34:Thanks to the efforts of
1157:ÄepÄnas, Pranas (1986).
426:, was too young to join
1237:YÄas, Martynas (2009).
762:Vasaros mokytojų kursai
535:Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
253:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1199:PukienÄ, Vida (2013).
1174:PukienÄ, Vida (2008).
1142:Lietuvių enciklopedija
808:Liaudies universitetas
542:Konstantinas OlŔauskas
272:
173:Agricultural School),
132:Konstantinas OlŔauskas
115:due to the efforts of
801:People's University (
508:at the city theater.
341:) in September 1917.
270:
195:MarijampolÄ Gymnasium
592:List of institutions
575:Julijonas Jasienskis
456:as well as soloists
430:but supported them.
414:and became known as
290:Konstantinas Å akenis
93:German Imperial Army
1010:AndrijauskaitÄ 2013
881:AndrijauskaitÄ 2013
790:Mokytojų institutas
787:Teachers' Institute
598:
555:Jurgis BaltruŔaitis
374:Mykolas KrupaviÄius
363:Ateities spinduliai
201:Return to Lithuania
99:, then part of the
596:
586:October Revolution
495:Marcelinas ŠikŔnys
357:and the socialist
301:Marcelinas ŠikŔnys
273:
234:October Revolution
136:Juozas Vokietaitis
121:Russian State Duma
119:, a member of the
70:and the socialist
40:Russian State Duma
38:, a member of the
1253:978-9986-400-21-9
1215:978-9955-20-884-6
1182:(in Lithuanian).
1084:, pp. 83ā84.
1024:, pp. 19ā20.
815:
814:
611:Date established
519:Tatiana Committee
447:Vincas NaceviÄius
349:Student societies
286:Juozas BalÄikonis
246:Vaclovas Bielskis
161:, and settled on
147:Juozas BalÄikonis
113:Tatiana Committee
60:Juozas BalÄikonis
44:Tatiana Committee
1314:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1218:. Archived from
1207:
1195:
1170:
1153:
1132:
1130:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
984:
978:
967:
961:
952:
946:
940:
934:
919:
913:
896:
890:
884:
878:
869:
863:
848:
842:
836:
830:
803:folk high school
599:
583:
567:
528:
503:
488:
477:
466:
455:
420:Antanas SnieÄkus
413:
405:Stasys BraŔiŔkis
397:string orchestra
382:Petrograd Seimas
339:folk high school
320:
309:
299:taught physics,
298:
282:Jonas Jablonskis
230:
217:
179:PanevÄžys School
144:
87:At the start of
56:Jonas Jablonskis
48:folk high school
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1205:
1198:
1173:
1156:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
987:
979:
970:
962:
955:
947:
943:
935:
922:
914:
899:
891:
887:
879:
872:
864:
851:
843:
839:
831:
824:
820:
811:September 1917
779:September 1917
765:JuneāJuly 1917
625:September 1915
608:Lithuanian name
594:
577:
561:
559:Zigmas Žemaitis
551:Antanas TumÄnas
514:
506:Charles Dickens
497:
482:
471:
460:
449:
428:visuomenininkai
416:visuomenininkai
407:
351:
330:Pranas MaŔiotas
323:Antanas TumÄnas
314:
312:Zigmas Žemaitis
303:
292:
265:
224:
211:
209:Lietuvių balsas
203:
138:
85:
80:
52:Pranas MaŔiotas
12:
11:
5:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1234:
1214:
1196:
1171:
1154:
1133:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
985:
968:
953:
941:
920:
897:
895:, p. 475.
885:
870:
849:
837:
821:
819:
816:
813:
812:
809:
806:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
739:
738:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:
721:
718:
715:
711:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
673:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
641:
640:
639:November 1915
637:
634:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
593:
590:
569:sanatorium in
513:
510:
480:NelÄ VosyliÅ«tÄ
469:Petras Tarulis
401:Julius Janonis
393:Juozas Žiugžda
378:Leonas Bistras
350:
347:
264:
261:
242:Karolis PožÄla
202:
199:
101:Russian Empire
84:
81:
79:
76:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1225:on 2018-08-11
1221:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:"AuŔrininkai"
1134:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1108:, p. 22.
1107:
1102:
1099:
1096:, p. 84.
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:, p. 83.
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:, p. 12.
1059:
1054:
1051:
1048:, p. 81.
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:, p. 29.
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:, p. 24.
999:
994:
992:
990:
986:
983:, p. 23.
982:
977:
975:
973:
969:
966:, p. 21.
965:
960:
958:
954:
951:, p. 55.
950:
945:
942:
939:, p. 20.
938:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
918:, p. 25.
917:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
893:BiržiŔka 1953
889:
886:
883:, p. 48.
882:
877:
875:
871:
868:, p. 19.
867:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
847:, p. 18.
846:
841:
838:
835:, p. 17.
834:
829:
827:
823:
817:
810:
807:
804:
800:
797:
796:
793:October 1917
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:
708:
705:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:
591:
589:
587:
581:
576:
572:
565:
560:
556:
552:
549:inspected by
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
524:
520:
511:
509:
507:
501:
496:
492:
486:
481:
475:
470:
464:
459:
453:
448:
442:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
346:
342:
340:
335:
331:
326:
324:
321:taught math,
318:
313:
307:
302:
296:
291:
287:
283:
278:
269:
262:
260:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
223:
218:
215:
210:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
142:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
117:Martynas YÄas
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:Martynas YÄas
32:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1201:
1183:
1179:
1158:
1141:
1124:
1115:Bibliography
1106:PukienÄ 2008
1101:
1094:PukienÄ 2013
1089:
1082:PukienÄ 2013
1077:
1070:PukienÄ 2013
1065:
1058:PukienÄ 2008
1053:
1046:PukienÄ 2013
1041:
1029:
1022:PukienÄ 2008
1017:
1005:
998:PukienÄ 2008
981:PukienÄ 2008
964:PukienÄ 2008
949:ÄepÄnas 1986
944:
937:PukienÄ 2008
916:PukienÄ 2008
888:
866:PukienÄ 2008
845:PukienÄ 2008
840:
833:PukienÄ 2008
751:Summer 1917
539:
529:) under the
515:
443:
438:
435:mimeographed
432:
427:
415:
389:Balys Sruoga
386:
371:
366:
362:
352:
343:
327:
274:
250:
220:
207:
204:
125:
86:
54:, linguists
33:
16:
15:
667:Early 1916
653:Early 1916
578: [
562: [
498: [
491:Liudas Gira
483: [
472: [
461: [
450: [
437:newsletter
408: [
359:AuŔrininkai
315: [
304: [
293: [
225: [
212: [
167:Bogoroditsk
139: [
89:World War I
72:AuŔrininkai
25:World War I
1266:Categories
1229:2017-12-18
818:References
737:June 1916
251:After the
183:Sorochinsk
83:Evacuation
1192:1392-0456
1186:: 17ā27.
1034:YÄas 2009
277:gymnasium
191:Yaroslavl
175:Borovichi
97:Lithuania
1292:Voronezh
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