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defeat to reveal his identity to the chief; it could have been that
Heiniyuju was initially a Chen ally, and while Chen was, prior to his rebellion, nominally a Former Zhao general, Liu Yin might have been concerned about being detained by Chen as a bargaining chip.) Liu Yao considered making Liu Yin his crown prince instead (since Liu Yin had previously been his heir), but, not having the heart to depose Liu Xi, the son of Empress Yang (who died earlier that year), and particularly because Liu Yin personally declined and did not wish to replace his brother, Liu Yao left Liu Xi as crown prince and created Liu Yin the Prince of Yong'an with special honors.
32:
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that his throne was secure. He created Shi the Prince of Zhao and granted him a number of imperial privileges. However, when one junior member of Shi's delegation, who wished to stay in Chang'an, thereafter submitted a report that Shi was in fact plotting an attack, Liu became angry and slaughtered Shi's delegation. When Shi received the news, he became angry and was resolved to declare himself independent of Han.
600:, and therefore decided to change the name of the state. However, this was not a break from Liu Yuan, as he continued to honor Liu Yuan and Liu Cong posthumously. In winter 319, Shi declared himself the Prince of Zhao, thus establishing his own state of Zhao. Historiographers distinguish the two states by referring to Liu Yao's state as Former Zhao and Shi Le's state as
620:. When his official You Ziyuan (游子遠) tried to persuaded him against these actions, he threw You into jail. Aggravated, Di and Qiang tribes declared independence in a state named Qin (秦). Subsequently, he released You and commissioned You with a force to suppression the rebellion, and You was able to persuade most of the rebels to surrender and defeat the rest.
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write a letter to Liu Xi and Liu Yin, ordering them to surrender. Instead, Liu Yao wrote a letter that stated: "Protect the empire with your officials. Do not care about me." Shi saw the letter and grew angry, and eventually executed Liu Yao. Late in 329, Shi Hu would capture and execute Liu Xi and Liu Yin, ending the Han-Zhao dynasty.
736:, Zhang Mao's nephew and successor as the head of Former Liang, declared himself again a Jin vassal and pillaged Former Zhao's Qin Province. Liu Yin led an army and defeated Former Liang's forces, even crossing the Yellow River, but eventually settling for capturing Former Liang's remaining territory east of the Yellow River.
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but continue to grant him power if Jin would surrender. However, when Jin Zhun was subsequently assassinated and succeeded by his cousin Jin Ming (靳明), who then surrendered to Liu Yao, Liu Yao massacred the Jin clan. As
Pingyang was in ruins after the coup and the subsequent war, Liu Yao moved the capital to Chang'an.
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Shi Kan delivered Liu Yao to Shi Le. Shi ordered that Liu's wounds be treated, and he then took Liu Yao to
Xiangguo. He put Liu Yao under heavy guard but supplied him with women, and also permitted his previously captured generals Liu Yue and Liu Zhen (劉震) to visit him. Shi then ordered Liu Yao to
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Upon hearing news of Jin Zhun's coup, Liu Yao and Shi each led their armies against Jin, catching him trapped between their forces. Meanwhile, senior Han princes and officials who escaped the
Pingyang massacre offered the throne to Liu Yao, who accepted. He offered to not only spare Jin Zhun's life
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Later that year, Liu Yao's son Liu Yin, who had been a slave with the
Heiniyuju tribe, because Chen had been defeated, revealed his identity to the chief, who was surprised and respectfully delivered Liu Yin back to Liu Yao. (It is not clear where Heiniyuju was or why Liu Yin waited until Chen's
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His first sign of impulsiveness might have contributed to the formal division of Han into two. In 319, when Shi Le sent messengers to offer tribute to Liu Yao, Liu Yao was initially very happy, as Shi was effectively the master of the eastern half of the empire and his submission therefore showed
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for his son Liu Can, but both Liu Yao and Shi declined, perhaps not wishing to contest the authorities of Jin Zhun, whose daughters had sway with Liu Cong and Liu Can as their wives. Subsequently, when Liu Cong died later that year and Liu Can succeeded to the throne, Jin Zhun became powerful and
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After Liu Yuan declared himself the Prince of Han in 304, creating the Han state and effectively declaring independence and war on (Western) Jin, he made Liu Yao a major general. Liu Yao was probably created the Prince of Shi'an in 306, when Liu Yuan declared himself the emperor. During Liu Yuan's
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Around the new year 329, the armies engaged in battle. Before the battle, Liu Yao, who had taken to drinking in his late reign, drank a large amount of liquor. His usual horse had suffered leg spasms, and so he had to ride a smaller horse, and during battle Shi made a surprise attack, and the
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the Prince of
Nanyang. However, in 316, after Emperor Min's forces collapsed and Sima Bao failed to come to his aid, Liu Yao captured Chang'an and Emperor Min (whom Liu Cong subsequently executed in 318). For this accomplishment, Liu Cong created him the greater title of Prince of Qin.
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horse, unable to bear his weight, fell, and he was thrown off the horse. Later Zhao soldiers inflicted many wounds on him before capturing him and taking them to the general Shi Kan (石堪). Shi Le then ordered his army to stop engagement and allow the Former Zhao forces to retreat.
694:), ushering an era in which Later Zhao and Former Zhao would continuously battle for years. In 325, their armies fought a major battle near Luoyang (which the two, as well as Jin, had fought over for months), and after some initial Former Zhao successes, Later Zhao's general
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As emperor, Liu Yao showed flashes of brilliance, both at governance and military matters, at times, as well as willingness to listen to contrary opinions. However, he was also often impulsive and quick to anger, and toward the end of his reign appeared to develop
458:(after Liu He had tried to have him and the other brothers killed and successfully killed two) and succeeded to the throne himself as Emperor Zhaowu. He trusted Liu Yao greatly and commissioned him with a large force, and Liu Yao served his cousin faithfully.
751:). Liu Yao personally led an army and defeated Shi Hu, and then headed south and surrounded Luoyang, capturing several commanderies around it. This greatly shocked Shi Le, as he was worried that Liu Yao would next attack his capital Xiangguo (襄國, in modern
698:
decisively defeated and captured Former Zhao's general Liu Yue (劉岳), after Liu Yao himself encountered difficulties with his army discipline and could not come to Liu Yue's aid. Later Zhao took this opportunity to effectively take the modern central
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in conjunction with Liu Can, Liu Yao suffered a serious injury and was almost captured or killed by Jin forces, but was able to escape after the general Fu Hu (傅虎) yielded his own horse and sacrificed his own life in doing so.
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reign, Liu Yao engaged in many campaigns against Jin forces and often was victorious, although he, like other Han generals, had difficulty permanently holding cities that he captured. In 309, along with his cousin Liu Cong and
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skills and his studiousness—although his studies were described to be surveys rather than careful readings, except for books on military strategy, which he spent much of his time on. He often deprecated
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language which has survived to modern times, recorded phonetically in the
Chinese annals, glossed with a Chinese translation. The phrase has since been analyzed and translated in numerous publications.
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rebellion in 320. After a conspiracy involving two Di chiefs, Ju Xu (句徐) and Ku Peng (庫彭) was discovered, Liu Yao executed not only Ju and Ku but also 50 other Di chiefs, throwing their bodies into the
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635:, a former subordinate of Sima Bao, mistakenly thought that Liu Yao had already died, and therefore declared independence as the Prince of Liang, controlling most of Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern
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Later in 319, Liu Yao created
Princess Yang—the former Jin empress—empress, making her the only person in Chinese history to serve as empress for two emperors and two empires. He created her son
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759:). In winter 328, Shi Le personally led a relief force to Luoyang. Meanwhile, during the siege of Luoyang, Liu Yao took no precautious to cut off Chenggao Pass (in modern
588:—to which he claimed he was a descendant, through a princess, but Liu Yao felt that it was time to end the linkage with Han and explicitly restore the linkage to the great
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874:(劉胤), initially the Heir Apparent to Prince of Qin, later the Prince of Yong'an (created 323), later the Prince of Nanyang (created 325, killed by Later Zhao 329)
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For the next few years, Liu Yao fought largely inconclusive battles against Jin forces, both those directly under
Emperor Min and those under
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Ramstedt G.J., "Zur Frage nach der
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584:. He also changed the name of the state from Han to Zhao. Liu Yuan had declared the empire's name Han to create a linkage with the
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670:(then carrying the Jin-created title Duke of Xiping) into submission. Zhang was indeed intimidated and submitted to Former Zhao
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496:(麴允), allowing the Jin prince Sima Ye (Emperor Huai's nephew) to occupy that city and subsequently declare himself emperor (as
417:, when on one occasion he committed an unspecified crime punishable by death. He therefore fled to Chaoxian (朝鮮, near modern
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553:. (However, unknown to his father, Liu Yin fled but was captured by or sold to a tribe named Heiniyuju (黑匿郁鞠) as a slave.)
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Later in 325, Liu Yao created Liu Yin the Prince of Nanyang and further bestowed on him the title of Grand Chanyu, putting
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361:. When he was young, Liu Yuan became impressed with his intelligence and strength. As he grew, he became known for his
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658:. He declared that he would next cross the Yellow River and head for the Former Liang capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern
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492:, Liu Yao was put in charge of the Chang'an region, although he subsequently lost that city to Jin forces under
394:(曹參). When people heard these remarks, they often criticized him for being overly arrogant, but Liu Yuan's son
57:
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549:). In the massacre, Liu Yao lost his mother Lady Hu, brother, and (he thought at the time) his son and heir
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Late in Liu Cong's reign, Liu Cong grew increasingly cruel and extravagant, as well as increasingly trusting
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overthrew Liu Can, slaughtering all members of the imperial Liu clan in the capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern
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the Prince of Nanyang continued to hold out for nearly a year, the Han-Zhao state fell later that year.
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647:). Chen fled but was eventually captured and killed. Qin Province was once again Former Zhao domain.
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880:(劉熙, note different tone than his brother), the Crown Prince (created 319, killed by Later Zhao 329)
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In 326, Empress Liu died, and according to her wishes, Liu Yao married her cousin
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886:(劉襲, note different tone than his brother), the Prince of Changle (created 319)
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Liu Yao's father Liu Lü (劉綠) died early, and he was raised by Liu Lü's cousin
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This article is about the Han Zhao emperor. For the Han dynasty warlord, see
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of China. He became emperor in 318 after most other members of the imperial
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in a coup. However, the empire was soon divided in half, as the general
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1018:(History of Jin Dynasty), Peking, Bo-na, 1958, Ch. 95, pp. 12-b - 13-a
536:. In 318, as Liu Cong grew ill, he summoned Liu Yao and Shi Le to be
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tribal forces under his command. He also created a second empress,
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the Jin governor of Bing Province (并州, modern central and northern
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1077:"Verb forms in the language of the Turkic runiform inscriptions"
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318), posthumously honored as Empress Dowager Xuanming
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Liu Lü (劉綠), posthumously honored as Emperor Xuancheng
473:. He took Emperor Huai's sister-in-law, the deceased
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Consort Jin, daughter of Jin Kang (靳康) the cousin of
406:); Le, Xiao, and Cao Can cannot be compared to him."
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Liu Chong (劉沖), the Prince of Huai'nan (created 319)
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In 322, while on a campaign against the Di chief of
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947:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
898:Liu Chang (劉敞), the Prince of Qi (created 319)
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904:Liu Hui (劉徽), the Prince of Chu (created 319)
8:
1053:, Journal of Turkish Studies, 1:95-112, 1949
901:Liu Gao (劉高), the Prince of Lu (created 319)
674:. Liu Yao created him the Prince of Liang.
739:In fall 328, Shi Hu attacked Former Zhao's
461:In 311, Liu Yao, in conjunction with Wang,
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1085:
337:declared independence and established the
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892:(劉闡), the Prince of Taiyuan (created 319)
446:, he attacked Luoyang, but was repelled.
374:, instead comparing himself to the great
211:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1040:, Oriens, Vol. 1. No. 2, 1948, pp. 211on
39:This article includes a list of general
1064:"The consonantal system of Old Chinese"
1007:
607:Liu Yao's impulsiveness led to a major
838:Empress Liu (Liu Yao's second empress)
484:Later that year, after Liu Cong's son
450:During Liu Cong's and Liu Can's reigns
219:
1051:"Animal traits in the army commander"
7:
449:
868:Liu Jian (劉儉), the Prince of Linhai
390:, and the Han general and official
16:Emperor of Han-Zhao from 318 to 329
1038:"Un texte prototürk du 4-e siecle"
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
30:
570:, which impaired his judgment.
1189:Reason for succession failure:
1:
2342:People executed by Later Zhao
2257:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1066:, Asia Major 9 (1963), p. 264
532:and the treacherous official
2332:Jin dynasty (266–420) people
2317:4th-century Chinese monarchs
907:A daughter who later became
2337:Executed Former Zhao people
253:Guāngchū (光初): 318–329
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2347:Murdered emperors of China
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402:) and Emperor Wu of Wei (
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1079:, Tbilisi, 1986, pp. 3-9
846:(created empress in 326)
469:, captured Luoyang and
437:During Liu Yuan's reign
248:Era name and dates
60:more precise citations.
1181:Royal descent claimant
1090:Lord Hou of (Han) Zhao
400:Emperor Guangwu of Han
2191:Western Shu (405–413)
1166:— TITULAR —
1141:as Prince of Han-Zhao
840:(created 325, d. 326)
436:
345:the Crown Prince and
212:#Personal information
2327:Former Zhao generals
2322:Former Zhao emperors
800:Personal information
1125:Emperor of Han-Zhao
816:Lady Hu (killed by
784:Physical Appearance
711:under its control.
481:, as his own wife.
471:Emperor Huai of Jin
429:). Later, after a
2175:Huan Chu (403–404)
2010:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1150:Titles in pretence
1075:Shervashidze I.N.
1062:Pulleyblank E.G.,
498:Emperor Min of Jin
339:Later Zhao dynasty
329:were massacred by
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1431:
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1422:
1421:
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1418:
1413:
1411:Zhang Xuanjing
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Zhang Chonghua
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1358:
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1162:
1157:
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1111:
1110:Regnal titles
1107:
1106:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1029:
1020:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
959:Zizhi Tongjian
955:
943:
929:
926:
925:
924:
923:
922:
905:
902:
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849:
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841:
835:
829:
823:
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821:
811:
810:
809:
801:
798:
785:
782:
707:, and western
683:
680:
562:
559:
451:
448:
438:
435:
431:general pardon
376:Warring States
354:
351:
299:
298:
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291:
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111:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2364:
2353:
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2205:
2199:
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2189:
2183:
2180:
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2159:
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2149:
2143:
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2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2094:
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2090:
2088:
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2077:
2073:
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2068:
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2062:
2058:
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2049:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
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1846:
1843:
1839:
1833:
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1828:
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1814:
1813:Western Liang
1810:
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1801:
1799:
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1433:
1432:
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1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Zhang Yaoling
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
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1183:
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1127:
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1103:
1097:
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1033:
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1024:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1001:
997:
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985:
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969:
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960:
956:
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949:
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944:
941:
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936:
932:
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927:
920:
916:
913:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:
854:
850:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:Yang Xianrong
830:
827:
826:
824:
819:
815:
814:
812:
807:
806:
804:
803:
799:
797:
795:
791:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
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653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
596:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
575:
571:
569:
560:
558:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
531:
526:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
479:Yang Xianrong
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
447:
445:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
308:courtesy name
305:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
278:
276:
272:
269:
266:
264:
260:
251:
246:
242:
241:
240:Courtesy name
235:
230:
226:
221:
217:
214:
213:
208:
206:
202:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
182:Yang Xianrong
180:
177:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
113:
106:
101:
100:
95:
91:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2245:N. Dynasties
2241:S. Dynasties
2137:Murong Zhong
2117:Murong Chong
2043:Tuoba Yihuai
2030:Tuoba Yihuai
1976:Yang Nandang
1971:Yang Baozong
1871:Northern Yan
1856:Helian Chang
1789:Southern Yan
1760:Juqu Mengxun
1661:Qifu Qiangui
1598:Murong Sheng
1582:Murong Xiang
1491:Murong Huang
1416:Zhang Tianxi
1365:Former Liang
1347:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1140:
1139:
1123:
1101:
1095:House of Liu
1093:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1015:
1010:
957:
945:
933:
787:
778:
774:
738:
731:
729:as empress.
724:
713:
685:
676:
656:Yellow River
652:Former Liang
649:
622:
606:
592:
582:crown prince
576:
572:
564:
555:
527:
519:
512:the Duke of
483:
460:
453:
440:
408:
382:, the great
356:
310:
306:(died 329),
303:
302:
238:
233:
228:
209:
97:
90:Chinese name
72:
63:
44:
2237:16 Kingdoms
2142:Murong Yong
2112:Murong Hong
2103:Western Yan
2046:(2nd reign)
2038:(2nd reign)
2005:Tuoba Pugen
1981:Yang Baochi
1909:Yang Maosou
1861:Helian Ding
1851:Helian Bobo
1803:Murong Chao
1778:Juqu Anzhou
1765:Juqu Mujian
1731:Tufa Lilugu
1681:Later Liang
1666:Qifu Chipan
1656:Qifu Guoren
1647:Western Qin
1571:Murong Chui
935:Book of Jin
790:Book of Jin
720:Empress Liu
703:, northern
586:Han dynasty
561:Early reign
475:Emperor Hui
423:North Korea
384:Han dynasty
229:Family name
196:Consort Jin
187:Empress Liu
131:Predecessor
115:Emperor of
94:family name
58:introducing
2312:329 deaths
2306:Categories
2229:3 Kingdoms
2132:Murong Yao
2035:Tuoba Hena
2025:Tuoba Hena
2020:Tuoba Heru
2015:Tuoba Yulü
2000:Tuoba Yilu
1961:Yang Sheng
1914:Yang Nandi
1771:Juqu Wuhui
1736:Tufa Rutan
1608:Murong Yun
1587:Murong Lin
1576:Murong Bao
1511:Former Qin
1501:Murong Wei
1496:Murong Jun
1482:Former Yan
1426:Later Zhao
1036:Bazin L.,
928:References
909:Later Zhao
853:Concubines
682:Late reign
672:suzerainty
629:Yang Nandi
602:Later Zhao
568:alcoholism
510:Tuoba Yilu
419:Pyeongyang
353:Early life
234:Given name
41:references
2198:Qiao Zong
2182:Huan Xuan
2166:Zhai Zhao
2161:Zhai Liao
2154:(388–392)
2127:Murong Yi
2105:(384–394)
2063:(350–352)
1993:(310–376)
1966:Yang Xuan
1956:Yang Ding
1951:Yang Cuan
1945:Yang Tong
1902:(296–443)
1890:Feng Hong
1873:(407–436)
1844:(407–431)
1815:(400–421)
1798:Murong De
1791:(398–410)
1748:(397–460)
1726:Tufa Wugu
1719:(397–414)
1683:(386–403)
1671:Qifu Mumo
1649:(385–431)
1627:Yao Chang
1620:(384–417)
1618:Later Qin
1603:Murong Xi
1564:(384–409)
1562:Later Yan
1546:Dou Chong
1513:(351–394)
1484:(337–370)
1428:(319–351)
1406:Zhang Zuo
1391:Zhang Jun
1386:Zhang Mao
1381:Zhang Shi
1375:Zhang Gui
1367:(318–376)
1312:(304–329)
1252:(304–347)
1250:Cheng-Han
1016:"Jin-shu"
865:Children
761:Zhengzhou
734:Zhang Jun
668:Zhang Mao
618:Wei River
488:captured
477:'s wife,
467:Huyan Yan
236:: Yao (曜)
231:: Liu (劉)
141:Successor
2152:Zhai Wei
2122:Duan Sui
2093:Duan Kan
1939:Yang Shi
1934:Yang Jun
1929:Yang Guo
1924:Yang Chu
1690:Lü Guang
1637:Yao Hong
1632:Yao Xing
1552:Fu Chong
1525:Fu Sheng
1471:Liu Xian
1460:Shi Jian
1440:Shi Hong
1342:Jin Zhun
1331:Liu Cong
1319:Liu Yuan
1310:Han-Zhao
1273:Li Xiong
1129:318–329
962:, vols.
940:vol. 103
921:(b. 318)
890:Liu Chan
859:Jin Zhun
844:Liu Fang
818:Jin Zhun
745:Yuncheng
727:Liu Fang
709:Shandong
641:Tianshui
534:Jin Zhun
522:Sima Bao
490:Chang'an
413:capital
396:Liu Cong
378:general
359:Liu Yuan
331:Jin Zhun
327:Liu clan
311:Yongming
280:Han-Zhao
192:Liu Fang
135:Jin Zhun
117:Han-Zhao
88:In this
66:May 2024
2076:Ran Zhi
2070:Ran Min
2061:Ran Wei
1919:Yang Yi
1900:Chouchi
1885:Feng Ba
1880:Gao Yun
1755:Duan Ye
1707:Lü Long
1702:Lü Zuan
1696:Lü Shao
1592:Lan Han
1540:Fu Deng
1530:Fu Jiān
1520:Fu Jiàn
1465:Shi Zhi
1455:Shi Zun
1450:Shi Shi
1348:Liu Yao
1336:Liu Can
1299:Fan Ben
1288:Li Shou
1186:318–329
1159:Liu Can
1118:Liu Can
919:empress
912:emperor
872:Liu Yin
813:Mother
805:Father
788:In the
705:Jiangsu
688:Luoyang
633:Chen An
625:Chouchi
590:Xiongnu
551:Liu Yin
538:regents
530:eunuchs
502:Liu Kun
486:Liu Can
444:Wang Mi
415:Luoyang
404:Cao Cao
392:Cao Can
388:Xiao He
372:Deng Yu
363:archery
347:Liu Yin
319:Xiongnu
317:of the
315:emperor
304:Liu Yao
297:Lady Hu
275:Dynasty
159:Unknown
126:318–329
108:Liu Yao
54:improve
2269:W. Xia
1832:Li Xun
1827:Li Xin
1822:Li Gao
1445:Shi Hu
1435:Shi Le
1354:Liu Xi
1325:Liu He
1293:Li Shi
1278:Li Ban
1267:Li Liu
1202:Liu Xi
1135:Liu Xi
1100:
952:vol. 1
915:Shi Hu
884:Liu Xí
878:Liu Xī
851:Major
825:Wives
753:Xintai
749:Shanxi
696:Shi Hu
598:Maodun
594:chanyu
579:Liu Xi
547:Shanxi
543:Linfen
506:Shanxi
494:Qu Yun
465:, and
463:Shi Le
456:Liu He
368:Wu Han
343:Liu Xi
335:Shi Le
294:Mother
289:Liu Lü
286:Father
172:Spouse
145:Liu Xi
92:, the
43:, but
2213:Shang
1535:Fu Pi
1283:Li Qi
1260:Li Te
1102:Died:
794:beard
765:Henan
757:Hebei
716:Wu Hu
701:Henan
692:Henan
664:Gansu
660:Wuwei
645:Gansu
637:Gansu
613:Qiang
427:Korea
380:Le Yi
321:-led
263:House
223:Names
205:Issue
123:Reign
2285:Qing
2281:Ming
2277:Yuan
2265:Song
2261:Liao
2253:Tang
2217:Zhou
611:and
370:and
210:see
164:Died
156:Born
2293:PRC
2289:ROC
2273:Jīn
2249:Sui
2233:Jìn
2225:Han
2221:Qin
2209:Xia
1991:Dai
1842:Xia
1104:329
917:'s
769:Jie
514:Dai
411:Jin
268:Liu
167:329
99:Liu
96:is
2308::
2291:/
2287:→
2283:→
2279:→
2275:→
2271:/
2267:/
2263:/
2259:→
2255:→
2251:→
2247:→
2243:/
2239:→
2235:/
2231:→
2227:→
2223:→
2219:→
2215:→
2211:→
1000:94
998:,
996:93
994:,
992:92
990:,
988:91
986:,
984:90
982:,
980:89
978:,
976:88
974:,
972:87
970:,
968:86
966:,
964:85
950:,
938:,
796:.
763:,
755:,
747:,
722:.
690:,
662:,
643:,
627:,
609:Di
604:.
545:,
421:,
110:劉曜
2078:)
2074:(
1947:)
1943:(
1780:)
1776:(
1773:)
1769:(
1698:)
1694:(
1594:)
1580:(
1548:)
1544:(
1473:)
1469:(
1377:)
1373:(
1356:)
1352:(
1344:)
1340:(
1327:)
1323:(
1301:)
1297:(
1269:)
1265:(
1262:)
1258:(
1233:e
1226:t
1219:v
1002:.
954:.
942:.
102:.
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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