408:. This type of washer is especially effective as a lock washer when used with a soft substrate, such as aluminium or plastic, and can resist rotation more than a plain washer on hard surfaces, as the tension between washer and the surface is applied over a much smaller area (the teeth). There are four types: internal, external, combination, and countersunk. The internal style has the serrations along the inner edge of the washer, which makes them more aesthetically pleasing. The external style has the serrations around the outer edge, which provides better holding power, because of the greater circumference. The combination style has serrations about both edges, for maximum holding power. The countersunk style is designed to be used with countersunk screws.
393:
864:
547:
334:
790:– The material has good electrical insulation, is lightweight, tough, has low moisture absorption, is heat resistant, and is resistant to chemicals and corrosion. Phenolic washers are substitutes for flat metallic washers in cases where electrical insulation is required. Phenolic washers are stamped out of large sheets of the phenolic material. The term "phenolic washer" is sometimes used for stamped washers from laminated materials such as paper, canvas, and
917:(Deutsches Institut für Normung - German Institute for Standardization) standards are issued for a variety of components including industrial fasteners as Metric DIN 125 Flat Washers. The DIN standards remain common in Germany, Europe and globally even though the transition to ISO standards is taking place. DIN standards continue to be used for parts which do not have ISO equivalents or for which there is no need for standardization.
203:
438:
319:
247:
399:
304:
921:
184:
31:
422:
815:, and nickel. Zinc coating acts as a sacrificial surface layer that falls victim to corrosive materials before the washer's material can be harmed. Cadmium produces a high-quality protective surface but is toxic, both biologically and environmentally. Nickel coatings add protection from corrosion only when the finish is dense and non-porous.
350:
875:(ANSI) provides standards for general use flat washers. Type A is a series of steel washers at broad tolerances, where precision is not critical. Type B is a series of flat washers with tighter tolerances where outside diameters are categorized as "narrow", "regular" or "wide" for specific bolt sizes.
410:
Tooth lockwashers are also used for ground bonding where a metal lug or object must be electrically bonded to a surface. The teeth of the washer cut through surface oxides, paints or other finishes and provide a gas-tight conductive path. In these applications, the washer is not placed under the head
443:
A hardened two-piece washer with radial teeth on the outside to grip both the fastener and mounting surface. The two halves of this washer form a wedge seam, which requires additional tension to be placed on the fastener in order for them to separate after tightening. While generally more expensive
1952:
Bowmans
Fastener Technical Fast of 1999 on page 32 and 33 has SAE recommendation from 1969 that lock washers not be used in any critical application. BMW motorcycles experienced a series of broken lock washers and BMW then disallowed their use in U-joints due to the damage of loss of the spacer and
916:
Washers of standard metric sizes equivalent to BS4320 Form A are listed in the table below. Measurements in the table refer to the dimensions of the washers as described by the drawing. Specifications for standard metric flat washers were known as DIN 125 (withdrawn) and replaced with ISO 7089. DIN
218:
An archaic form of this washer was sold as a "pot mender", usually in small quantities through a retail ironmonger. This included two washers, a nut, and bolt, and a sealing washer of rubber, cork, or fibre sheet. They could be used for sealing small holes, rust spots or removed pipe connections in
377:
The use and effectiveness of spring lock washers has been debated, with some publications advising against their use on the grounds that, when tight, the washer is flat against the substrate and gives no more resistance to rotation than a normal washer at the same torque. A 1990 NASA manual states
906:
Washer 'form' when comparing different washer material types is used quite freely by stockists. In relation to BS4320 specifically, washer forms 'A' to 'D' inclusive are designated 'bright metal' washers and are supplied self-finished in various metals including: steel alloys, brass, copper, etc.
373:
Spring washers are a left hand helix and allow the thread to be tightened in a right hand direction only, i.e. a clockwise direction. When a left hand turning motion is applied, the raised edge bites into the underside of the bolt or nut and the part that it is bolted to, thus resisting turning.
381:
The benefit of spring lock washers lies in the trapezoidal shape of the washer. When compressed to loads near the proof strength of the bolt, it will twist and flatten. This reduces the spring rate of the bolted joint which allows it to maintain more force under the same vibration levels. This
355:
A ring split at one point and bent into a helical shape. This causes the washer to exert a spring force between the fastener's head and the substrate, which maintains the washer hard against the substrate and the bolt thread hard against the nut or substrate thread, creating more friction and
339:
A washer with a "wave" in the axial direction, which provides spring pressure when compressed. Wave washers, of comparable size, do not produce as much force as
Belleville washers. In Germany, they are sometimes used as lock washers but they are less effective than other choices.
374:
Therefore, spring washers are ineffective on left hand threads and hardened surfaces . Also, they are not to be used in conjunction with a flat washer under the spring washer, as this isolates the spring washer from biting into the component that will resist turning.
427:
A locking washer that works by having a side tab that can be bent into place against a nut. Metallic or non-metallic, the tab washer notch prevents rotation relative to the shaft or fastener. Variations include single, multiple, formed and flat.
562:
A two-part washer: one part has one convex spherical surface, which mates with a concave surface on the other part, to allow tightening to a surface which is not perpendicular to the axis of the screw or nut fastener, in a similar manner to a
252:
A large plate or washer connected to a tie rod or bolt. Anchor plates are used on exterior walls of masonry buildings, for structural reinforcement. Being visible, many anchor plates are made in a style that is decorative.
378:"In summary, a lockwasher of this type is useless for locking." However, a spring washer will continue to hold the bolt against the substrate and maintain friction when loosened slightly, whereas a plain washer will not.
271:; it has a square hole in the centre into which the carriage bolt square fits. Teeth or prongs on the washer bite into the wood, preventing the bolt from spinning freely when a nut is being tightened.
851:
chemical reaction, which results in the creation of a corrosion-resistant, colored surface. The integrity of the coating can be improved by treating the finished product with a water-displacing oil.
638:
The DIN 125 metric washer standard refers to subtypes A and B. ISO 7089 calls these Form A and ISO 7090 calls them Form B. They are all the same overall size, but Form B is chamfered on one side.
907:
Whereas, BS4320 washer forms 'E' to 'G' inclusive are designated 'black' (uncoated) mild steel washers, which normally are specified with a supplementary protective coating supply condition.
208:
A flat washer with a particularly large outer diameter in proportion to its central hole. These are commonly used to spread the load on thin sheet metal, and are named after their use on
324:
Similar to a
Belleville, except the washer is curved in only one direction, therefore there are only four points of contact. Unlike Belleville washers, they exert only light pressures.
590:
Used to electrically isolate a mounting screw from the surface it secures. Often made of nylon, these are also made of teflon, PEEK or other plastics to withstand higher temperatures.
234:; it is a washer with one radiused surface, which is designed to be used in conjunction with a mating nut in order to allow for up to several degrees of misalignment between parts.
854:
Chemical plating – This technique utilizes a nickel-phosphor alloy that is precipitated onto the washer surface, creating an extremely corrosion- and abrasive-resistant surface.
882:
for Metric Series Metal
Washers (BS4320), written in 1968, coined the term "form". The forms go from A to G and dictate the outside diameter and thickness of the flat washers.
514:
A washer made of soft metal such as aluminium or copper. Used to seal fluid or gas connections such as those found in hydraulic systems and in internal combustion engines.
2319:
604:
to prevent rotation, and is used to lock two nuts in place, without allowing the torque applied to the top nut to cause the bottom nut to also rotate (such as in a
500:
A plain washer type with integral cylindrical sleeve. Used as a barrier between differing metals and as a seal. This term is also used for electrically insulating
193:, often of metal, used to spread the load of a screwed fastening. Additionally, a plain washer may be used when the hole is a larger diameter than the fixing nut.
309:
A washer with a slight conical shape, which provides an axial force when deformed. The surface may be serrated, which will have improved locking capabilities.
2051:
212:. They can also be used to make a connection to a hole that has been enlarged by rust or wear. In the UK, the name originally comes from the size of the
42:
is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped, but sometimes square) with a hole (typically in the middle) that is normally used to distribute the load of a
108:
The origin of the word is unknown. The first recorded use of the word was in 1346; however, the first time its definition was recorded was in 1611.
156:, which prevent fastening or loosening by preventing unscrewing rotation of the fastening device; locking washers are usually also spring washers.
2606:
2302:
105:
can be used to reduce wear and friction, either by hardening the surface or by providing a solid lubricant (i.e. a self-lubricating surface).
872:
216:. In the UK, most industries refer to all large OD washers as penny washers, even when the OD is as much as twice the size of the old penny.
392:
2285:
622:
A type of washer used in a variety of torque sensitive applications, designed to limit torque to a predetermined level and not beyond.
2239:
2372:
2163:
2105:
2030:
2003:
1974:
93:, particularly by insulating steel screws from aluminium surfaces. They may also be used in rotating applications, as a bearing. A
2268:
2251:
213:
368:
2628:
2553:
2349:
144:, which spread a load, and prevent damage to the surface being fixed, or provide some sort of insulation such as electrical
129:; but, while they may look similar, washers and gaskets are usually designed for different functions and made differently.
2633:
2478:
125:(or faucets, valves, and other piping connections) as seal against water leaks are sometimes referred to colloquially as
2388:
2362:
2062:
398:
867:
A plain washer and a spring washer are placed on a bolt between the nut (on the threaded end) and the bolt head.
863:
2520:
666:
364:
2573:
546:
1995:
The
Mechanical Engineering Drawing Desk Reference: Creating and Understanding ISO Standard Technical Drawings
1930:
741:
662:
98:
605:
474:
The term washer is often applied to various gasket types such as those used to seal the control valve in
733:
190:
59:
2595:
2638:
2600:
720:
459:
333:
2225:
IS 3063 : 1994 Fasteners - Single coil rectangular section spring lock washers - Specification
2234:
Bickford. John H. "An
Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints" 3rd Ed 1995. p561
90:
2584:
2336:
552:
A nut with an integral free spinning washer; assembly is easier because the washer is captive.
150:, which have axial flexibility and are used to prevent fastening or loosening due to vibrations
2549:
2400:
2368:
2235:
2159:
2153:
2101:
2095:
2026:
2020:
1999:
1993:
671:
601:
568:
296:
231:
55:
43:
2202:
879:
209:
115:
811:
Metallic coatings – Typical coatings used to produce corrosion resistant washers are zinc,
821:– This method involves coating the washer by electrolytic deposition using metals such as
405:
47:
444:
per piece, these washers provide the highest amount of vibrational loosening prevention.
632:
Has a central rubber ring to provide a strong seal against high pressure liquid or gas.
837:
818:
787:
770:
708:
51:
2622:
2589:
2149:
843:
Browning or bluing – Exposing the washer (typically steel) to a chemical compound or
729:
646:
Washers can be fabricated from a variety of materials including, but not limited to:
268:
101:
is not needed either from a cost-performance perspective or due to space restraints.
63:
437:
318:
737:
658:
654:
463:
239:
78:
27:
Thin plate with a hole, normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener
2578:
411:
of the screw (or under the nut), it is placed between the surfaces to be bonded.
404:
A washer with serrations that extend radially inward or outward to bite into the
2418:
475:
303:
264:
122:
2303:"Specifications for Countersunk External Tooth Lock Washers ASME B18.21.1-1999"
2320:"Improved Bonding and Grounding Methods for Electrical / Electronic Equipment"
82:
2567:
2502:
2404:
2179:
2121:
2286:"Specifications for Internal/External Tooth Lock Washers ASME B18.21.1-1999"
1975:"The Straight Dope: What's the purpose of washers (the round metal things)?"
1920:
848:
804:
683:
246:
920:
202:
198:
Fender washer (US), penny washer, mudguard washer, or "repair washer" (UK)
183:
17:
2454:
2441:
833:
822:
755:
687:
539:
30:
812:
778:
766:
751:
725:
712:
609:
501:
455:
451:
102:
74:
421:
81:
require hardened steel washers to prevent the loss of pre-load due to
844:
826:
695:
675:
118:
111:
86:
349:
2269:"Specifications for External Tooth Lock Washers ASME B18.21.1-1999"
2252:"Specifications for Internal Tooth Lock Washers ASME B18.21.1-1999"
2612:
1925:
862:
791:
762:
747:
716:
704:
679:
650:
70:
29:
2058:
782:
774:
699:
691:
357:
361:
2155:
Carroll Smith's Nuts, Bolts, Fasteners, and
Plumbing Handbook
878:"Type" is not to be confused with "form" (but often is). The
2556:
Drawings, designs and discussion of various uses of washers.
919:
62:
indicating device, locking device, and to reduce vibration (
580:
A shoulder washer type used in plumbing for tap fitting.
137:
Most washers can be categorized into three broad types;
2585:
American
National Standard (ANSI) Type B Plain Washers
89:
is applied. Washers are also important for preventing
299:, also called cupped spring washer or conical washer
2022:
Dictionary of architecture and building construction
388:
Toothed lock washer, serrated washer or star washer
2184:(115th ed.), McMaster-Carr, pp. 3217–3218
2158:, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, p. 116,
807:resistant properties of certain washer materials:
34:Assorted washers: flat, split, star and insulating
2581:USS, SAE, Fender, and NAS washer ID & OD (mm)
356:resistance to rotation. Applicable standards are
2574:ASME Plain washer dimensions (Type A and Type B)
2546:Illustrated Sourcebook of Mechanical Components.
2544:Parmley, Robert. (2000). "Section 11: Washers."
2455:"Nylon Spacers And Washers - New Process Fibre"
803:A number of techniques are used to enhance the
462:are ways to prevent vibration from loosening a
2399:(6). Bonnier Corporation: 117–118. June 1965.
2596:USS & SAE Combined Flat Washer Dimensions
2339:”, Assembly Magazine, retrieved May 10, 2016.
2126:(115th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 1217
8:
2025:. Architectural Press. Flat Washer, p.153.
904:Form G: Largest diameter, larger thickness.
371:NASM 35338 (formerly MS 35338 and AN-935).
2568:http://www.fastenerdata.co.uk/flat-washers
2479:"Washers Information | IHS Engineering360"
1998:. Lulu.com / CreateSpace. Washers, p.205.
2367:. Ripple Industries Pty Ltd. p. 16.
898:Form E: Normal diameter, normal thickness
886:Form A: Normal diameter, normal thickness
2351:”, Sherex, retrieved January 25th, 2019.
2019:Nikolas Davies; Erkki Jokiniemi (2008).
926:
901:Form F: Large diameter, normal thickness
892:Form C: Large diameter, normal thickness
889:Form B: Normal diameter, light thickness
524:
480:
281:
164:
2364:Alloy boat corrosion: how to prevent it
2144:
2142:
2140:
1966:
1948:
1946:
1942:
895:Form D: Large diameter, light thickness
836:surface is achieved by incorporating a
2361:Fox, Brad; VanderWeyde, Peter (2008).
2046:
2044:
2042:
219:water tanks or large cooking vessels.
54:. Other uses are as a spacer, spring (
2444:, New Process, retrieved May 10, 2016
2061:. 1990. pp. 9–10. Archived from
873:American National Standards Institute
7:
2419:"Stampings & Washers | Accutrex"
2097:Illustrated Theatre Production Guide
2081:Dictionary of Building Preservation
840:layer and corrosion-protective oil.
345:Split washer or spring lock washer
2603:Steel Gage Thicknesses, non-metric
2579:Typical USA Flat Washer Dimensions
2083:. Preservation Press. p. 576.
912:Standard metric flat washers sizes
25:
2607:Split Lockwashers: Truth vs. Myth
2503:"Standard Washers - Boker's, Inc"
545:
436:
420:
397:
391:
348:
332:
317:
302:
245:
201:
182:
179:Plain washer (or "flat washer")
832:Phosphating – A resilient, but
369:United States Military Standard
225:Spherical washer nut and screw
2615:Machine Design - Using washers
2459:New Process Fibre Company, Inc
1:
2521:"Metric DIN 125 Flat Washers"
667:A4 (316/316L) stainless steel
2570:Dimensions of Global washers
2100:. Focal Press. p. 202.
2601:Flat Washer Thickness Table
758:, Nylatron, and Tecamid MDS
585:Insulating shoulder washer
2655:
278:Spring and locking washers
58:, wave washer), wear pad,
950:
947:
938:
929:
2609:Hill Country Engineering
2203:"Helical Spring Washers"
2052:"Fastener Design Manual"
847:salt solution causes an
663:A2 (304) stainless steel
2548:New York: McGraw Hill.
1931:Unified Thread Standard
617:Torque-limiting washer
99:rolling element bearing
2094:John Holloway (2010).
924:
868:
734:thermosetting polymers
267:in combination with a
35:
2629:Hardware (mechanical)
2613:Using machine washers
2181:McMaster-Carr catalog
2123:McMaster-Carr catalog
2079:Bucher, Ward (1996).
923:
866:
557:Self-aligning washer
33:
2634:Springs (mechanical)
2592:Type A Plain Washers
2337:What’s With Washers?
1979:www.straightdope.com
799:Corrosion resistance
460:thread-locking fluid
382:prevents loosening.
69:Washers are usually
2442:Teflon PTFE Washers
2389:"Fluorescent light"
2207:www.boltscience.com
1992:Paul Green (2007).
314:Curved disc spring
2483:www.globalspec.com
925:
869:
433:Wedge lock washer
210:automobile fenders
91:galvanic corrosion
36:
1912:
1911:
672:Non-ferrous metal
636:
635:
569:self-aligning nut
521:Specialised types
518:
517:
448:
447:
297:Belleville washer
275:
274:
232:self-aligning nut
214:old British penny
56:Belleville washer
44:threaded fastener
16:(Redirected from
2646:
2590:SAE Flat Washers
2532:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:www.accutrex.com
2415:
2409:
2408:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2146:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1954:
1950:
927:
880:British Standard
781:, bimetals, and
606:threaded headset
600:A washer with a
565:spherical washer
549:
525:
495:Shoulder washer
481:
440:
424:
401:
395:
352:
336:
321:
306:
282:
249:
205:
186:
165:
21:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2619:
2618:
2563:
2541:
2539:Further reading
2536:
2535:
2528:Aspen Fasteners
2523:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2393:Popular Science
2387:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2068:on 15 May 2010.
2065:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1981:. 28 June 2005.
1973:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1917:
995:
989:
985:
978:
967:
962:
952:
940:
931:
914:
905:
861:
801:
644:
575:Top hat washer
523:
472:
406:bearing surface
396:
280:
242:or wall washer
191:annulus or ring
163:
154:Locking washers
135:
97:is used when a
77:. High-quality
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2562:
2561:External links
2559:
2558:
2557:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2512:
2507:www.bokers.com
2494:
2470:
2446:
2434:
2410:
2380:
2373:
2353:
2341:
2328:
2311:
2294:
2277:
2260:
2243:
2240:978-0824792978
2227:
2218:
2194:
2171:
2164:
2150:Smith, Carroll
2136:
2113:
2106:
2086:
2071:
2038:
2031:
2011:
2004:
1984:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:nut loosening.
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
986:
983:
975:
972:
969:
964:
958:
957:
949:
948:Diameter (mm)
946:
937:
913:
910:
909:
908:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
841:
838:zinc-phosphate
830:
819:Electroplating
816:
800:
797:
796:
795:
785:
759:
745:
730:Thermoplastics
723:
709:Silicon bronze
702:
669:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
628:
624:
623:
620:
618:
614:
613:
598:
596:
592:
591:
588:
586:
582:
581:
578:
576:
572:
571:
560:
558:
554:
553:
550:
543:
542:or K-lock nut
536:
535:
532:
529:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
510:
506:
505:
498:
496:
492:
491:
488:
485:
471:
468:
450:Lock washers,
446:
445:
441:
434:
430:
429:
425:
418:
414:
413:
402:
389:
385:
384:
353:
346:
342:
341:
337:
330:
326:
325:
322:
315:
311:
310:
307:
300:
293:
292:
289:
286:
279:
276:
273:
272:
261:
259:
258:Torque washer
255:
254:
250:
243:
236:
235:
228:
226:
222:
221:
206:
199:
195:
194:
187:
180:
176:
175:
172:
169:
162:
159:
158:
157:
151:
148:Spring washers
145:
134:
131:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2651:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2374:9780646492834
2370:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2165:0-87938-406-9
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2107:9780240812045
2103:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2032:9780750685023
2028:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2005:9781847531155
2001:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1960:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
987:
982:
976:
973:
970:
965:
960:
959:
955:
944:
935:
930:Nominal screw
928:
922:
918:
911:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
883:
881:
876:
874:
865:
859:Type and form
858:
853:
850:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
828:
824:
820:
817:
814:
810:
809:
808:
806:
798:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
757:
753:
749:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
648:
647:
641:
639:
631:
629:
627:Dowty washer
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
597:
595:Keyed washer
594:
593:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
566:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
538:
537:
533:
530:
527:
526:
520:
513:
511:
509:Crush washer
508:
507:
503:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
483:
482:
479:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:
426:
423:
419:
416:
415:
412:
407:
403:
400:
394:
390:
387:
386:
383:
379:
375:
370:
366:
363:
359:
354:
351:
347:
344:
343:
338:
335:
331:
329:Wave washers
328:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
312:
308:
305:
301:
298:
295:
294:
290:
287:
284:
283:
277:
270:
269:carriage bolt
266:
262:
260:
257:
256:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
237:
233:
229:
227:
224:
223:
220:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
167:
166:
161:Plain washers
160:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:Plain washers
140:
139:
138:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
106:
104:
100:
96:
95:thrust washer
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:bolted joints
76:
72:
67:
65:
64:rubber washer
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2545:
2527:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:
2473:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:
2449:
2437:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2363:
2356:
2344:
2331:
2314:
2297:
2280:
2263:
2246:
2230:
2221:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2186:, retrieved
2180:
2174:
2154:
2128:, retrieved
2122:
2116:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2063:the original
2021:
2014:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1969:
990:
980:
953:
942:
933:
915:
877:
870:
802:
761:Specialty –
738:polyethylene
659:spring steel
655:Carbon steel
645:
637:
564:
534:Description
490:Description
473:
464:bolted joint
449:
409:
380:
376:
372:
291:Description
240:Anchor plate
217:
174:Description
153:
147:
141:
136:
133:Washer types
126:
110:
107:
94:
68:
46:, such as a
39:
37:
2639:Ironmongery
1363:1.5 or 1.25
939:Screw pitch
417:Tab washer
265:woodworking
18:Lock washer
2623:Categories
2554:0070486174
2488:2016-02-11
2464:2016-02-11
2428:2016-02-11
2212:2017-02-14
2188:2010-11-25
2130:2010-11-26
1961:References
951:Thickness,
360:B18.21.1,
230:Part of a
85:after the
83:brinelling
2405:0161-7370
1921:Bit guard
1341:1.25 or 1
988:External,
849:oxidizing
805:corrosion
721:Hastelloy
684:aluminium
642:Materials
2152:(1990),
1915:See also
1473:2 or 1.5
1451:2 or 1.5
1429:2 or 1.5
977:Internal
941:thread,
834:abrasive
823:chromium
788:Phenolic
767:ceramics
756:Nylon 66
744:(Teflon)
736:such as
688:titanium
540:Keps nut
528:Name(s)
502:grommets
456:jam nuts
452:locknuts
285:Name(s)
263:Used in
168:Name(s)
121:used in
103:Coatings
971:Coarse
968:choice
963:choice
932:sizes,
813:cadmium
779:leather
752:Nylon 6
726:Plastic
713:Inconel
610:bicycle
470:Gaskets
367:B, and
189:A flat
127:washers
119:gaskets
75:plastic
60:preload
2552:
2403:
2371:
2238:
2162:
2104:
2029:
2002:
979:hole,
845:alkali
827:silver
771:rubber
763:Fibers
719:, and
698:, and
696:bronze
676:Copper
665:, and
531:Image
487:Image
458:, and
288:Image
171:Image
112:Rubber
87:torque
40:washer
2524:(PDF)
2323:(PDF)
2306:(PDF)
2289:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
2255:(PDF)
2066:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1937:Notes
1926:Dowel
974:Fine
956:(mm)
945:(mm)
936:(mm)
792:Mylar
748:Nylon
717:Monel
705:Alloy
680:brass
651:Steel
608:on a
484:Name
116:fiber
71:metal
2550:ISBN
2401:ISSN
2369:ISBN
2236:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2059:NASA
2027:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1394:2.5
1372:2.5
1360:1.75
1344:10.5
1328:1.6
1316:1.25
1306:1.6
1285:1.6
1276:0.75
1242:0.8
1221:0.5
1200:0.5
1179:0.5
1159:0.5
1148:0.45
1138:0.3
1109:0.35
1099:0.3
1079:0.3
1068:0.35
1058:0.3
1037:0.3
1026:0.25
1016:0.3
1005:0.25
871:The
783:mica
775:felt
742:PTFE
732:and
700:zinc
692:iron
567:and
476:taps
358:ASME
123:taps
48:bolt
2397:186
1908:14
1905:175
1902:104
1895:100
1888:12
1885:160
1868:12
1865:145
1848:12
1845:140
1828:10
1825:135
1808:10
1805:125
1788:10
1785:120
1765:115
1743:110
1734:5.5
1721:105
1712:5.5
1646:4.5
1624:4.5
1558:3.5
1536:3.5
1470:2.5
1448:2.5
1426:2.5
1407:1.5
1385:1.5
1338:1.5
1322:8.4
1300:7.4
1279:6.4
1257:5.3
1252:0.8
1236:4.3
1231:0.7
1215:3.7
1210:0.6
1207:3.5
1194:3.2
1189:0.5
1173:2.8
1166:2.6
1153:2.7
1143:2.5
1132:2.2
1127:0.4
1106:1.8
1096:4.5
1093:1.8
1086:1.7
1073:1.7
1063:1.6
1052:1.5
1047:0.3
1044:1.4
1034:3.5
1031:1.3
1021:1.2
1010:1.1
966:2nd
961:1st
825:or
612:).
602:key
365:127
362:DIN
114:or
73:or
66:).
52:nut
50:or
2625::
2526:.
2505:.
2481:.
2457:.
2421:.
2395:.
2391:.
2205:.
2139:^
2057:.
2041:^
1977:.
1945:^
1882:93
1873:90
1862:87
1855:85
1842:82
1833:80
1822:78
1815:76
1802:74
1793:72
1782:70
1775:68
1768:9
1762:66
1751:64
1746:9
1740:62
1731:60
1724:9
1718:58
1707:56
1702:8
1699:98
1696:54
1687:52
1680:8
1677:92
1674:50
1663:48
1658:7
1655:85
1652:46
1643:45
1636:7
1633:78
1630:43
1619:42
1614:6
1611:72
1608:40
1599:39
1592:5
1589:66
1586:37
1575:36
1570:5
1567:60
1564:34
1555:33
1548:4
1545:56
1542:31
1531:30
1526:4
1523:50
1520:28
1511:27
1504:4
1501:44
1498:25
1487:24
1482:3
1479:39
1476:23
1467:22
1460:3
1457:37
1454:21
1443:20
1438:3
1435:34
1432:19
1423:18
1416:3
1413:30
1410:17
1399:16
1391:28
1388:15
1379:14
1369:24
1366:13
1355:12
1350:2
1347:20
1333:10
1325:16
1303:14
1282:12
1263:1
1260:10
777:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
754:,
750:–
740:,
728:–
715:,
711:,
707:–
694:,
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:–
661:,
657:,
653:–
504:.
478:.
466:.
454:,
38:A
2566:(
2530:.
2509:.
2491:.
2467:.
2431:.
2407:.
2377:.
2348:”
2335:”
2325:.
2308:.
2291:.
2274:.
2257:.
2215:.
2191:.
2168:.
2133:.
2110:.
2035:.
2008:.
1759:4
1756:6
1737:4
1715:4
1693:4
1690:5
1671:3
1668:5
1649:3
1627:3
1605:3
1602:4
1583:3
1580:4
1561:2
1539:2
1517:2
1514:3
1495:2
1492:3
1404:2
1382:2
1319:1
1311:8
1295:1
1292:7
1273:1
1268:6
1247:5
1239:9
1226:4
1218:8
1197:7
1184:3
1176:7
1156:6
1135:5
1122:2
1076:4
1055:4
1013:3
1000:1
994:2
991:d
984:1
981:d
954:H
943:P
934:M
829:.
794:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
