22:
98:
However, historians of both
Belgium and the Netherlands have largely ignored it. Dutch historians see it as their nadir in the 19th century, for the loss of the southern territories shook the nation's confidence. Belgian historians see the result not as a victory, says Fishman, but as a frustrating
94:
from a
British standpoint called it "one of the most beneficent and difficult feats ever accomplished by our diplomacy"; while the French too saw their goal of an independent Belgium, which was peacefully accepted by the other Great Powers, as being achieved.
89:
Fishman says that the London
Conference was "an extraordinarily successful conference" because it "provided the institutional framework through which the leading powers of the time safeguarded the peace of Europe".
29:. Figures representing Prussia, Austria, Russia, Great Britain and France are shown discussing a text, while Holland and Belgium are hanging on the side and Poland is lying dead on the ground.
81:
to
Belgian independence, launching an (unsuccessful) invasion in 1831. Not until 1839 did the Dutch accept the decision of the London Conference and recognize Belgian independence.
99:
and humiliating experience, involving the loss of territory in
Luxemburg and Limburg under the settlement terms, in which the great powers allowed Belgium to come into existence.
428:
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42:
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62:
644:
836:
401:
749:
231:
125:
628:
861:
841:
516:
111:
rejected the guarantee of
Belgian neutrality as a "scrap of paper", and invaded Belgium. Britain responded by declaring war.
718:
713:
493:
826:
759:
327:
Rendall, Matthew. "A Qualified
Success for Collective Security: The Concert of Europe and the Belgian Crisis, 1831."
78:
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226:"Primary Documents: Britain's Breaking Off of Diplomatic Relations with Germany, 4 August 1914"
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381:
305:
286:
251:
26:
552:
369:
348:
785:
603:
91:
38:
225:
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54:
230:
A reproduction of "the official report prepared by the
British ambassador to Germany,
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680:
370:
245:
108:
46:
57:. At the conference, which began on 20 December, they recognized the success of the
695:
764:
461:
283:
Diplomacy and
Revolution: The London Conference of 1830 and the Belgian Revolt
441:
360:
50:
520:
352:
336:
37:
brought together representatives of the five major
European powers
20:
410:
302:
Talleyrand in London: The Master Diplomat's Last Mission
268:
Fishman, J. S. (1971). "The London Conference of 1830".
157:
Fishman, J. S. (1971). "The London Conference of 1830".
773:
737:
704:
673:
637:
579:
540:
509:
449:
159:
Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis (Journal for History)
372:The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848
234:, which recounted the events of 4 August 1914".
25:Lithograph on the London conference of 1830 by
781:Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution
337:"The Question of the Netherlands in 1829-1830"
422:
8:
341:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
323:. Oxford University Press. pp. 158–61.
429:
415:
407:
201:Fishman, "The London Conference of 1830".
569:List of members of the National Congress
136:
16:Meeting leading to Belgian independence
750:Treaty of the Eighteen Articles (1831)
7:
806:1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross
629:Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst
376:. Oxford University Press. pp.
867:19th-century diplomatic conferences
177:British History in the 19th Century
145:British History in the 19th Century
14:
706:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
488:Provisional Government of Belgium
224:Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009).
63:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
724:Ten Days' Campaign (August 1831)
490:(September 1830 – February 1831)
517:Érasme, Baron Surlet de Chokier
250:. U. of Chicago Press. p.
126:Treaty of the Eighteen Articles
645:Étienne Constantin de Gerlache
1:
847:Separatism in the Netherlands
533:; July 1831 – December 1865)
270:Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis
190:A History of Modern France II
523:; February 1831 – July 1831)
494:National Congress of Belgium
244:van der Essen, LĂ©on (1920).
760:Treaty of Maastricht (1843)
553:Alexandre Dechet (Jenneval)
368:Schroeder, Paul W. (1994).
321:The Low Countries 1780–1940
179:(London 1922), pp. 232–233.
79:Dutch were strongly opposed
65:and permanently guaranteed
883:
247:A short history of Belgium
745:London Conference of 1830
35:London Conference of 1830
765:Iron Rhine Treaty (1873)
660:Albert Goblet d'Alviella
440:and the independence of
335:Omond, G. W. T. (1919).
329:Diplomacy and Statecraft
319:Kossmann, E. H. (1978).
304:. London: I. B. Tauris.
837:1830 in the Netherlands
791:Civic Guard Merit Medal
755:Treaty of London (1839)
729:Siege of Antwerp (1832)
500:Constitution of Belgium
281:Fishman, J. S. (1988).
638:de Gerlache Government
581:Provisional Government
510:First Belgian monarchs
214:(London 1936), p. 892.
192:(Penguin 1962), p. 95.
147:(London 1922), p. 233.
30:
862:Conferences in London
842:Separatism in Belgium
774:Monuments and honours
402:Neutrality of Belgium
331:18.2 (2007): 271–295.
300:Kelly, Linda (2017).
24:
691:Charles de Brouckère
665:Sylvain Van de Weyer
650:Charles de Brouckère
609:Sylvain Van de Weyer
531:King of the Belgians
473:La muette de Portici
67:Belgian independence
796:1830 Star of Honour
674:Lebeau I Government
655:Alexandre Gendebien
624:Joseph Vanderlinden
614:Feuillien de Coppin
589:Alexandre Gendebien
285:. Amsterdam: CHEV.
212:A History of Europe
827:Belgian Revolution
686:Étienne de Sauvage
558:Frédéric de Mérode
457:Belgian Revolution
450:Belgian Revolution
438:Belgian Revolution
232:Sir Edward Goschen
121:History of Belgium
85:Winners and losers
31:
814:
813:
572:
541:Important figures
311:978-1-78453-781-4
175:G. M. Trevelyan,
143:G. M. Trevelyan,
59:Belgian secession
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857:1830 conferences
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832:1830 in Belgium
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619:FĂ©lix de MĂ©rode
604:Louis de Potter
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502:(February 1831)
496:(November 1830)
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262:Further reading
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696:Paul Devaux
594:André Jolly
444:(1830–1839)
347:: 150–171.
210:H. Fisher,
188:A. Cobban,
821:Categories
801:Iron Cross
567:(see also
462:Rattachism
527:Leopold I
107:In 1914,
103:Aftermath
61:from the
738:Treaties
467:Orangism
115:See also
442:Belgium
361:3678256
109:Germany
51:Prussia
43:Britain
39:Austria
521:Regent
384:
359:
308:
289:
55:Russia
47:France
380:–91.
357:JSTOR
132:Notes
382:ISBN
306:ISBN
287:ISBN
77:The
53:and
33:The
378:671
349:doi
252:158
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