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64:, a ship whose length of keel was 115 ft (35 m). This could lead to the longboat being lost in adverse weather. By the middle of the 17th century it became increasingly more common to carry the longboat on board, though not universally. In 1697 some British ships in chase of a French squadron cut adrift the longboats they were towing in an attempt to increase their speed and engage with the enemy.
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had the greatest capacity. The casks carried by a large boat would be "leaguers", which held 150 imperial gallons (680 L). These would be laid in the bilges between the thwarts, filling most of the bottom of the boat and making a load of several tonnes. Anchor handling was of special importance before tugs became widely available. A boat would be used to carry either a stream anchor or a
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November 1780. This instruction was implemented for all ships of 20 guns and above being built or coming in for repair. There are earlier instances of individual warships requesting a launch instead of a longboat, with several examples in the 1740s. The advantages of a launch were ease of use in
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A ship would usually carry the largest longboat it could store on deck. Consequently their size varied depending on the size of the parent ship. However, too large a boat could interfere with the handling of a ship or her guns, and the weight of a longboat could put excessive strain on the masts and
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1500 or before. Though the Royal Navy replaced longboats with launches from 1780, examples can be found in merchant ships after that date. The longboat was usually the largest boat carried. In the early period of use, a ship's longboat was often so large that it could not be carried on board, and was
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into position so that the ship may be pulled out of harbour or away from a hazard. As well as dropping the anchor in position, the longboat would often be used for weighing (raising) the anchor after use. To do this, a windlass was usually fitted amidships and a davit in the stern (or sometimes the
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A longboat was fitted so that it could be propelled either by oars or by sail. The oars were double-banked - with two oarsmen on each thwart, each using an oar on their own side. The usual sailing rig was single masted, with a gaff mainsail and two headsails - the jib was set on a bowsprit and the
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The longboat was used for transporting heavy weights. The two most important of these were casks of drinking water, and an anchor and its cable. The supply of water to (particularly) sailing ships was so vital that all the boats of a ship would have some capability to carry water, but the longboat
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Other heavy weights carried by a longboat included guns - either as armament for the boat or simply to transport to or from the ship. Special slides were developed for armed boats, so that the gun could be traversed. These would also allow the gun to be slid down into a lower position when not in
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use, to improve the stability of the boat. Boats were regularly armed, even if only for defensive purposes. Swivel guns may be needed to protect the boat when collecting drinking water. Ship's boats were often used offensively, either on their own or when their parent ships were in action.
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carrying water and stores and a greater number of passengers being accommodated. However a longboat was considered to be more seaworthy. Longboats could be found in merchant service after the Royal Navy had ceased to use them.
94:. Whilst differing from many longboat designs (this example is double ended, when other longboats had a transom stern) the picture shows the windlass amidships for raising an anchor.
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A buoy rope is attached to the crown of an anchor so that when it is pulled it "trips" the anchor and it is easier to lift out of the sea bed than if the anchor cable is hauled.
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bow) to provide a fair lead from the buoy rope or cable to the windlass. A substantial degree of buoyancy was needed in the stern (or bow) to lift a heavy anchor.
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The longboat usually had the largest passenger carrying capacity out of a ship's boats. Longboats were used by both warships and merchant ships.
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instead towed. For instance, a survey of 1618 of Royal Navy ship's boats listed a 52 ft 4 in (16 m) longboat used by the
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instead of a longboat. The sizes of longboats in the Royal Navy in circa 1705 were recorded in a shipwright's notebook as follows.
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This is as per the 1761 scale of boats issued. A 36 or 32 gun frigate would also have a 30 ft pinnace and a 24 ft yawl.
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Plans for a 31 ft longboat drawn in 1801. The windlass for working an anchor can be seen drawn in red, abaft the mast.
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yards which were used for hoisting the boat in and out of the water. Smaller ships might carry a
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A contemporary model of a longboat showing sailing rig and the windlass mounted amidships.
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397:(2003 publ Caxton Editions ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.
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30:Not to be confused with the Vikings'
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267:23 or 22 ft (7.0 or 6.7 m)
254:25 or 24 ft (7.6 or 7.3 m)
175:32 or 31 ft (9.8 or 9.4 m)
106:staysail to the stemhead. This is a
393:May, W E; Stephens, Simon (1999).
152:9 ft 10 in (3.00 m)
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270:7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
257:7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)
244:7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)
231:7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
218:7 ft 8 in (2.34 m)
205:8 ft 2 in (2.49 m)
192:8 ft 5 in (2.57 m)
178:9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)
165:9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
358:10.1080/00253359.1911.10654530
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340:Blomfield, R. Massie (1911).
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39:Longboat (disambiguation)
395:The Boats of Men of War
241:26 ft (7.9 m)
228:27 ft (8.2 m)
215:28 ft (8.5 m)
202:29 ft (8.8 m)
189:30 ft (9.1 m)
162:33 ft (10 m)
149:34 ft (10 m)
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276:36 or 32 gun frigate
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342:"Man-Of-War Boats"
144:Example of use on
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27:Type of boat
538:Picket boat
464:Age of Sail
50:ship's boat
502:Jolly boat
322:References
108:cutter rig
59:First Rate
512:Whaleboat
492:Long boat
363:7 January
18:Long boat
558:Category
533:MOB boat
528:Lifeboat
286:launches
46:longboat
32:longship
477:Pinnace
135:Length
543:Tender
521:Modern
507:Dinghy
497:Cutter
472:Launch
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112:cutter
62:Prince
293:Notes
138:Beam
130:1705
128:circa
78:kedge
54:circa
399:ISBN
365:2021
120:yawl
91:Vasa
482:Gig
354:doi
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