2233:
2136:
2210:
1518:
2105:
555:
2162:
1018:
716:
802:
2070:
73:
1538:
2194:
1693:
440:
1077:
615:
1145:, instead of the long, is an improvement in the art of printing equal, if not superior, to any which has taken place in recent years, and for which we are indebted to the ingenious Mr. Bell, who introduced them in his edition of the British Classics . They are now generally adopted, and the scarcely ever cast a long
1149:
to their fonts, unless particularly ordered. Indeed, they omit it altogether in their specimens ... They are placed in our list of sorts, not to recommend them, but because we may not be subject to blame from those of the old school, who are tenacious of deviating from custom, however antiquated, for
1051:
fell out of use in roman and italic typefaces in professional printing well before the middle of the 19th century. It rarely appears in good-quality London printing after 1800, though it lingers provincially until 1824 and is found in handwriting into the second half of the nineteenth century, and is
2232:
2135:
2209:
1368:
3071:
1102:
disappeared from new typefaces rapidly in the mid-1790s, and most printers who could afford to do so had discarded older typefaces by the early years of the 19th century. Pioneer of type design
2086:
1118:. To discourage subversive publications, this required printing to name the identity of the printer, and so in Nash's view gave printers an incentive to make their work look more modern.
2161:
1814:
1397:
continue in rare and sometimes notable cases in the UK until the end of the 19th century, possibly as part of a consciously antiquarian revival of old-fashioned type. For example:
2802:
The
Printer's Grammar; Or Introduction to the Art of Printing: Containing a Concise History of the Art, with the Improvements in the Practice of Printing, for the Last Fifty Years
274:
is not exhaustive, and it applies only to books printed during the 17th to early 19th centuries in
English-speaking countries. Similar rules exist for other European languages.
388:
was always long, while the second was long in mid-word (e.g. "poſſeſſion"), or short when at the end of a word (e.g. "poſſeſs"). See, for example, the word "Bleſſings" in the
4005:
913:
885:
755:
680:
The nub acquired its form in the blackletter style of writing. What looks like one stroke was actually a wedge pointing downward. The wedge's widest part was at that height (
3009:
572:, it developed a more vertical form. During this period, it was occasionally used at the end of a word, a practice that quickly died but that was occasionally revived in
2104:
3995:
2341:
Depending on whether they appear in the end or middle of a word, respectively. Some texts starting from the late 18th century had it exclusively replace the first
1684:
in handwriting on Yell, as elsewhere, may have been a carryover from 18th-century printing conventions, but it was not unfamiliar as a convention in handwriting.
1243:, which was published between 1805 and 1811. Its reprint in 1816 was one of the last such uses recorded in the US. The most recent recorded use of the long
3448:
389:
3059:
2939:
3094:
4044:
3974:
1537:
1251:, 1826 printing by W. Greenough and Son. The same typeset was used for the 1826 printed later by W. Greenough and Son, and the statutes of the
3909:
3200:
3137:
2590:
2568:
2418:
688:
that curled to the right. Those styles of writing, and their derivatives, in type design had a crossbar at the height of the nub for letters
2085:
1517:
3067:
3036:
1917:
for some specific sounds. These orthographies were in actual use until 1938. Some of these developed a capital form which resembles the
1676:
in these copies, a practice widely used for both personal and business correspondence by her family, who lived on the remote island of
3271:
2193:
1557:
persisted into the second half of the century in manuscript. In handwriting used for correspondence and diaries, its use for a single
720:
603:
also appears at the end of each component within a compound word, and there are more detailed rules and practices for special cases.
4000:
2700:
2657:
2617:
2515:
2474:
2449:
523:
4064:
3890:
3872:
1833:
57:
1355:
by the United States, and its continued use by the United
Kingdom, is illustrated by the Twelfth US Congress's use of the short
3524:
3441:
3015:
1829:
1657:
119:
3375:
2055:' in Britain's pre-decimal currency, originally written as in 7ſ 6d, later as "7/6", meaning "seven shillings and six pence".
4054:
3849:
3502:
3162:
461:
2806:
2623:
3241:
4059:
3766:
2736:
1944:
1360:
1032:
1743:
of June 1686, but he had been using it in private manuscripts at least since 29 October 1675. The integral of a function
1114:". Paul W. Nash concluded that the change mostly happened very fast in 1800, and believes that this was triggered by the
181:
sequence (e.g., "ſinfulneſs" for "sinfulness" and "poſſeſs" or "poſseſs" for "possess", but never "poſſeſſ"). The modern
3547:
2375:
2069:
1661:
85:
1498:
3468:
1918:
1618:
in his diaries in the second half of the 19th century; for example, his 1884 diary has an instance in which the first
1440:
1115:
583:
never occurred at the end of a word is not strictly correct, although the exceptions are rare and archaic. The double
2760:
504:
3473:
3434:
1310:
1082:
1061:
476:
315:
was maintained in abbreviations such as "ſ." for "ſubſtantive" (substantive), and "Geneſ." for "Geneſis" (Genesis).
2904:(reprint). Bloomsbury Academic Collections: English Literary Criticism: 18th–19th Centuries. London and New York:
450:
3276:
3560:
3516:
3511:
1652:
may have suggested type and a certain formality as well as the traditional. Margaret
Mathewson "published" her
1455:
1248:
927:
483:
3969:
3757:
3403:
1765:
457:
3299:
3102:. Vol. 5: Infinitesimalmathematik 1674–1676. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 288–295. Archived from
2931:
1187:
In Spain, the change was mainly accomplished between the years 1760 and 1766; for example, the multivolume
701:
544:
3933:
3399:
2783:
2543:
2406:
1819:
1239:
1107:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
3103:
3948:
3498:
2044:
1482:
1103:
768:
685:
569:
490:
213:
1086:, 1817, top, compared to the sixth edition of 1823; the only change (aside from the elimination of the
1052:
sometimes seen later on in archaic or traditionalist printing such as printed collections of sermons.
1942:
1597:
1561:
seems to have disappeared first: most manuscript examples from the 19th century use it for the first
1423:
1173:
894:
866:
736:
4049:
2905:
2040:
1934:
1910:
1573:
1546:
1486:
1414:
1206:
1198:
970:
472:
2410:
3880:
3488:
2184:
1585:
1553:
After its decline and disappearance in printing in the early years of the 19th century, the long
1134:
784:
367:
These two exceptions applied only if the letters were physically adjacent on the page, and long
2442:
The
Dictionary of the Book: A Glossary for Book Collectors, Booksellers, Librarians, and Others
715:
3536:
3233:
3196:
3133:
2696:
2653:
2613:
2586:
2564:
2511:
2470:
2445:
1720:
1593:
1194:
3030:
1193:
made the switch with volume 16 (1762). In France, the change occurred between 1782 and 1793:
2909:
2491:
1445:
1418:
1336:
1053:
1017:
974:
958:
801:
554:
3309:, n. (pl. -di). (Hist.) gold coin introduced by Roman Emperor Constantine; (only in abbr.
2299:
1993:
1739:
1709:
1644:
in the words "mſs" (manuscripts) and "needleſs" in a 1 June 1886 letter to Daniel S. Ford.
1222:
818:
169:, found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries. It replaced the single
72:
46:
1878:
3862:
3483:
3363:
3334:
2836:
2648:
Attar, Karen (2010). "S and Long S". In
Michael Felix Suarez; H. R. Woudhuysen (eds.).
1677:
1629:
1402:
1252:
939:
3189:
Sowjetische
Schriftpolitik zwischen 1917 und 1941 – eine handlungstheoretische Analyse
1267:
among specific well-known typefaces and publications in the UK include the following:
4038:
3857:
2215:
2176:
1862:
839:
836:
619:
541:
364:; in the late 18th century: "aſk", "huſband", "Aileſbury", "Saliſbury" "Shaftſbury".
2888:. Victorian Literature and Culture series. University of Virginia Press. p. 12.
497:
4023:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3774:
3478:
3457:
3383:
2927:
2293:
1926:
1870:
1823:
1605:
1375:
1027:] and "last" in English documents from 1700 to 1900, according to Google's web
806:
426:, either in the middle or at the end of a word—for example, "aſsure", "bleſsings".
197:
35:
3153:
2994:
The
Letters of Charlotte Brontë: With a Selection of Letters by Family and Friends
2978:
The
Letters of Charlotte Brontë: With a Selection of Letters by Family and Friends
2913:
2800:
2675:
2607:
3964:
3218:
2171:
1854:
1692:
1611:
1494:
1348:
1256:
654:
565:
439:
361:
2724:
3193:
Soviet scripts politics between 1917 and 1941 – an action-theoretical analysis
2785:
The printer's grammar: containing a concise history of the origin of printing;
2219:
2167:
1406:
832:
647:
596:
399:
was used at the end of each word in a hyphenated compound word: "croſs-piece".
185:
3237:
3155:
Proposal to encode Latin letters used in the Former Soviet Union (in
Unicode)
2996:. Vol. Three (1852–1855). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. opposite 217.
4018:
3979:
2309:
2284:
1530:
1435:
1291:
1076:
662:
561:
357:
353:
158:
2980:. Vol. Two (1848–1851). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 406 and 407.
2356:
Nash, Paul W. (2001). "The Abandoning of the Long 's' in Britain in 1800".
1708:
survives in elongated form, with an italic-styled curled descender, as the
1654:
Sketch of 8 Months a Patient in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, A.D. 1877
2752:
1180:, about printing in England 1471–1600, but "the general abolition of long
3415:
3060:"Mathematical Treasure: Leibniz's Papers on Calculus – Integral Calculus"
2052:
1899:
1891:
1716:
1522:
969:
as two separate letters with different phonetic values. For example, the
934:
is used instead. An alternative hypothesis claims that the German letter
854:
681:
650:
576:
209:
154:
2306: – Mathematical symbol used to denote integrals and antiderivatives
1584:, in some of her letters, e.g., "Miſs Austen" in a letter to the critic
3943:
3938:
3529:
2555:
Bollwage, Max (1999). "Ist das Eszett ein lateinischer Gastarbeiter?".
1848:
1506:
1478:
843:
666:
658:
618:
Two words ("ſecret foe") extracted from the 1667 printing of the poem "
614:
464: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2900:
J. A. Sutherland (2013). "Henry Esmond: The Virtues of Carelessness".
1378:
that have lost their title page can be dated by their use of the long
94:
This page uses notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis.
3928:
3923:
3918:
3266:
2318:
2239:
1903:
1895:
1697:
1317:
5th edition, completed in 1817, was the last edition to use the long
1272:
1210:
1028:
372:
227:
3328:
2026:
1999:
3896:
3784:
3096:
Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe, Reihe VII: Mathematische Schriften
3093:
Leibniz, G. W. (2008) . "Analyseos tetragonisticae pars secunda".
2691:
Bell, John (2010). Michael Felix Suarez; H. R. Woudhuysen (eds.).
1851:
typefaces. Examples include the logos of the Norwegian newspapers
1536:
1516:
1075:
1016:
800:
714:
613:
579:
between about 1465 and 1480. Thus, the general rule that the long
573:
3354:
1847:
continue to be seen in signs and logos that use various forms of
1588:, 12 January 1848; in other letters, however, she uses the short
2269:
1952:
1640:
in his manuscript correspondence; for example, he used the long
1263:
as late as 1816. Some examples of the use of the long and short
920:
790:
219:
3430:
3426:
3355:"A Simple Explanation of the Correct Usage of Long and Short S"
3014:. Houghton Library, Harvard: MS Eng 797.3 (27). Archived from
1023:
669:
in the other type forms mentioned. For this reason, the short
433:
2577:
Stötzner, Uta (2006). "Die Geschichte des versalen Eszetts".
1409:
New Testament in 1848 in the Caslon typeface, using the long
1386:(Liverpool, 1800 and many reprintings) does not use the long
646:-like nub at its middle but on the left side only in various
320:
Before an apostrophe (indicating an omitted letter), a round
3130:
Type Rules!: The Designer's Guide to Professional Typography
2606:
Kapidakis, Sarantos; Mazurek, Cezary; Werla, Marcin (2015).
1843:
In Nordic and German-speaking countries, relics of the long
850:(which is supported by the fact that the second part of the
3804:
3219:"The Acceptance of the Latin Alphabet in the Turkish World"
3029:
Collins, Wilkie. "To Daniel S. Ford". In Paul Lewis (ed.).
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2563:] (in German). Gutenberg-Gesellschaft. pp. 35–41.
1664:
by writing copies out in manuscript. In place of the first
1497:
of 1941 required that they be phased out. (Private use had
1413:; Chiswick Press, run by Charles Whittingham II (nephew of
3313:) shilling(s), as 7s. 6d., £1 1s.; the shilling line (for
1133:
among type founders and printers in its list of available
1090:
ligature, as in "attraction") was the removal of the long
665:
that curled to the left and which is not possible without
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
1247:
typeset among English printed Bibles can be found in the
637:
329:
164:
64:
3132:(4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 34.
2493:
The Earl of Shaftsbury's Case Upon the Habeas Corpus Act
1110:
in 1788, is often "credited with the demise of the long
1217:. Printers in the United States stopped using the long
1205:. The change happened in Italy at about the same time:
1129:
describes the transition away from the use of the long
414:
was used even if the hyphen was omitted: "croſsſtitch".
3416:"The American Declaration of Independence with long s"
2872:. Modern Language Association of America. p. 548.
2609:
Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
2345:, however. A more detailed explanation follows below.
1768:
1469:
Collections of sermons were published using the long
1295:
of London made the switch from the long to the short
1005:. In the original version of the alphabet, majuscule
897:
869:
739:
587:
in the middle of a word was also written with a long
246:
may have a variant appearance depending on typeface:
2870:
A Manual of the Writings in Middle English 1050–1500
2281: – Letter of the Latin alphabet; used in German
1390:, while editions from the 1780s and early 1790s do.
1351:
began, the contrast between the non-use of the long
4006:
List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
3988:
3957:
3907:
3889:
3871:
3848:
3765:
3756:
3545:
3497:
2152:
Allgemeiner Verein für vereinfachte Rechtschreibung
2036:
1909:Some Latin alphabets devised in the 1920s for some
842:) is generally considered to have originated in a (
418:In handwriting, these rules did not apply—the long
406:, such words were normally hyphenated with a round
3376:"Why did 18th-century writers use F inftead of S?"
2490:Anthony Ashley Cooper Earl of Shaftesbury (1705).
1808:
1648:For these as well as others, the handwritten long
1164:An individual instance of an important work using
907:
879:
749:
1949:; however, it was replaced by 1999 by the letter
1541:"Miss Austen's"—an example of a handwritten long
1493:) continued in widespread official use until the
304:was always used at the end of a word ending with
3301:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English
1733:. This use first appeared publicly in his paper
1371:responding to the declaration of war by the US.
1361:US declaration of war against the United Kingdom
1184:began with John Bell's British Theatre (1791)".
340:In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the round
188:is known as the "short", "terminal", or "round"
2444:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 252, 295.
1894:digital fonts that are historic revivals, like
1860:
1852:
1462:, published in 1896, was printed with the long
1452:, and not just when doubled as in "mistreſs's".
1427:in a typeface of Caslon that included the long
1139:
1035:scans of books, which can misidentify the long
684:) and capped by a second stroke that formed an
2508:Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
2015:LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE
1417:) from c. 1832–1870s, reprinted classics like
1363:, and, in contrast, the continued use of long
1302:The Catherwood typeface of 1810 has the short
1150:giving a list which they might term imperfect.
957:Some old orthographic systems of Slavonic and
380:There were no special exceptions for a double
3442:
2890:Figure 1 prints a facsimile of a sample page.
2886:The Material Interests of the Victorian Novel
2248:('water attendant's wife') containing a long
1868:
1188:
1121:Unlike the 1755 edition, which uses the long
1021:Incidence of the word-forms "laft" [
568:(lowercase) letter forms became established,
375:and line break, e.g. "off-ſet", "Saliſ-bury".
16:Archaic form of the Latin-script letter s (ſ)
8:
2753:"The Use of the Long 's' in Britain: a Note"
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2274:
2243:
2150:
1876:
826:
788:
700:. In roman type, except for the crossbar on
233:
225:
3332:
1724:
1448:set in the eighteenth century, prints long
1233:in 1804. In the US, a late use of the long
673:was also normally used in combination with
3762:
3449:
3435:
3427:
3298:Fowler, Francis George (1917). "solidus".
3032:The Wilkie Collins Pages: Wilkie's Letters
2733:Journal of the Printing Historical Society
2358:Journal of the Printing Historical Society
2222:, Germany, erected 1953, showing the long
1328:The Caslon typeface of 1841 has the short
1282:The Caslon typeface of 1796 has the short
771:in various languages. Four examples were
422:was usually confined to preceding a round
390:Preamble to the United States Constitution
2469:. Laurence King Publishing. p. 212.
2370:The still-unpublished manuscript of this
2315: – Variant of the Latin letter R (ꝛ)
1796:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1382:; that is, James Currie's edition of the
1072:Abandonment by printers and type founders
899:
898:
896:
871:
870:
868:
741:
740:
738:
524:Learn how and when to remove this message
3404:"The Long and the Short of the Letter S"
2677:The principles of analytical calculation
2643:
2641:
2290: – Insular form of the letter S (Ꞅ)
2051:which was used as the abbreviation for '
1691:
1229:throughout 1803, switching to the short
1058:The Principles of Analytical Calculation
599:, the rules are more complicated: short
371:was used if the two were separated by a
289:Upper-case letters are always the round
71:
3996:Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
3304:. p. 829 – via archive.org.
2843:, Clarendon, 1972, p. 210, Figs 74, 75.
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2391:
2334:
2296: – Character and IPA symbol (Ʃ, ʃ)
2131:
2065:
2047:. The mark is an evolution of the long
2035:survives today in the form of the mark
281:was always used ("ſong", "ſubſtitute")
2145:with capital and lowercase as used in
1836:, the first sound in the English word
1809:{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx.}
1321:. The 1823 6th edition uses the short
1201:to be used substantially without long
208:is the basis of the first half of the
3247:from the original on 18 November 2023
3074:from the original on 27 December 2016
2354:For fuller information, Attar cites:
1818:In linguistics, a similar character (
634:is often confused with the minuscule
7:
3980:DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe
2674:Woodhouse, Robert (1 January 1803).
1489:for station signage, as illustrated
1299:with its issue of 10 September 1803.
1221:between 1795 and 1810: for example,
1125:throughout, the 1808 edition of the
707:, all other cross bars disappeared.
570:toward the end of the eighth century
462:adding citations to reliable sources
242:'). As with other letters, the long
23:, the archaic variant of the letter
3279:from the original on 24 August 2023
3068:Mathematical Association of America
3039:from the original on 15 August 2020
1656:of her experiences as a patient of
1592:, for example in an 1849 letter to
1513:Eventual abandonment in handwriting
1393:In printing, instances of the long
900:
872:
742:
661:type form, which gave the stroke a
410:, e.g. "croſs-ſtitch", but a round
337:was used: "offset", "ſatisfaction".
200:, commonly referred to as a "swash
3272:Institute of the Estonian Language
2809:from the original on 26 March 2023
2680:. Printed at the University press.
2421:from the original on 1 August 2020
1760:over the interval is typeset as:
1473:until the end of the 19th century.
1369:Isaac Brock's counterpart document
677:: for example, in "ſatisfaction".
595:, as in: "Miſsiſsippi". In German
14:
3382:. 6 November 1981. Archived from
2942:from the original on 29 June 2015
2626:from the original on 20 July 2023
1867:; the packaging logo for Finnish
1723:based the character on the Latin
1680:. The practice of using the long
1339:, both 1838–1841, have the short
622:" (Book IV page 1), showing long
80:used in the word "Congress" (as "
3168:from the original on 23 May 2012
2841:New Introduction to Bibliography
2763:from the original on 28 May 2023
2739:from the original on 28 May 2023
2231:
2208:
2192:
2160:
2134:
2103:
2084:
2068:
1834:voiceless postalveolar fricative
1754:with respect to a real variable
1525:), 1496, showing long and round
1434:The "antiqued" first edition of
1374:Early editions of Scottish poet
553:
438:
308:: "his", "complains", "ſucceſs"
270:This list of rules for the long
173:, or one or both of the letters
58:Voiceless postalveolar fricative
4045:History of the English language
3525:International Phonetic Alphabet
3195:] (in German). F. Steiner.
1830:International Phonetic Alphabet
1696:Cycle Deſign (Cycle Design) in
1672:, Mathewson recreated the long
1549:to G. H. Lewes, 12 January 1848
908:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {z}}}
880:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {z}}}
750:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {z}}}
560:. When the distinction between
449:needs additional citations for
3362:Mosley, James (January 2008).
3011:Edward Lear Diaries, 1858–1888
2652:. Vol. II. p. 1116.
2612:. Springer. pp. 257–260.
1793:
1787:
1490:
1275:typeface of 1732 has the long
1141:The introduction of the round
813:The present-day German letter
324:was used: "us'd" and "clos'd".
293:; there is no upper-case long
1:
3226:Studia Orientalia Electronica
2992:Smith, Margaret, ed. (2004).
2976:Smith, Margaret, ed. (2000).
2199:Unusual capital form of long
1832:, in which it represents the
1225:were published with the long
1106:(1746–1831), who started the
38:. For the mathematical symbol
34:as used in Latin script, see
3975:Western Latin character sets
3217:Ercilasun, Ahmet B. (1999).
2914:10.5040/9781472554260.ch-003
2725:"The abandoning of the long
2695:. Vol. I. p. 516.
2693:Oxford Companion to the Book
2650:Oxford Companion to the Book
2496:. printed, for G. Sawbridge.
2376:Shetland Museum and Archives
2242:, Germany, showing the text
1927:Udi language § Alphabet
1662:Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
1009:was shared by both letters.
857:usually resembles a Fraktur
86:United States Bill of Rights
4001:Letters used in mathematics
3267:"Roman Alphabet of Turkmen"
2932:"Recasting Caslon Old Face"
1924:
1580:, as the first in a double
1481:-family typefaces (such as
1458:'s first volume of poetry,
1441:The History of Henry Esmond
1068:throughout its roman text.
917:
642:, sometimes even having an
4081:
3557:
3357:. Alice – via Imgur.
2868:Wells, John Edwin (1970).
2544:Lowe's 1800 map of the USA
2203:in Ehmcke-Antiqua typeface
2024:
1875:pastilles; and the German
1636:for the first in a double
1596:, her father. Her husband
1062:Cambridge University Press
657:. There was no nub in its
192:. In typography, the long
62:
18:
4014:
3464:
3378:. "Classics" department.
2151:
2121:ligature in Junicode font
1984:LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S
1877:
1869:
1178:Typographical Antiquities
540:was derived from the old
3561:ISO basic Latin alphabet
3517:ISO basic Latin alphabet
3512:Classical Latin alphabet
3187:Frings, Andreas (2007).
3128:Strizver, Ilene (2014).
2961:Coleridge, Mary (1896).
2575:Cited and discussed in:
2510:. Crescent Books (1978)
2238:Detail of a memorial in
2039:, popularly known as a "
1961:, which was replaced by
1729:('sum'), which he wrote
1632:routinely used the long
1614:regularly used the long
1456:Mary Elizabeth Coleridge
1249:Lunenburg, Massachusetts
96:For the meaning of how
63:Not to be confused with
49:. For the phonetic sound
4065:Letters with final form
3331:from a Roman coin, the
2965:. Oxford: Daniel Press.
2854:Encyclopædia Britannica
2532:, London: Folio Society
2440:Berger, Sidney (2016).
2245:Wasser-Aufsehers-Gattin
2187:and a nub on the long s
2043:" but formally named a
1957:. The capital form was
1890:exists in some current
1311:Encyclopædia Britannica
1172:occurred in 1749, with
1116:Seditious Societies Act
1083:Encyclopædia Britannica
1064:in 1803, uses the long
212:of the German alphabet
3333:
2799:Stower, Caleb (1808).
2723:Nash, Paul W. (2001).
2411:"The Rules for Long S"
2324: – Letter variant
2275:
2244:
2091:Italic capitals: long
1861:
1853:
1810:
1725:
1701:
1550:
1534:
1499:already largely ceased
1213:typeface without long
1189:
1162:
1108:British Letter Foundry
1095:
1044:
909:
881:
827:
822:
810:
789:
760:
751:
627:
234:
226:
196:is known as a type of
88:
19:This article is about
4055:Palaeographic letters
3370:– via Blogspot.
2856:(5th ed.). 1817.
2751:Morgan, Paul (2002).
2465:Cheng, Karen (2006).
1811:
1695:
1626:is long: "Addreſsed".
1540:
1520:
1384:Works of Robert Burns
1157:The Printer's Grammar
1079:
1047:In general, the long
1020:
910:
882:
804:
752:
718:
617:
607:Similarity to letter
75:
4060:Latin-script letters
3018:on 22 February 2014.
2884:Daniel Hack (2005).
2782:Smith, John (1755).
2528:Davies, Lyn (2006),
2031:An echo of the long
1766:
1598:Arthur Bell Nicholls
1521:German handwriting (
1495:"Normal Type" decree
1424:The Canterbury Tales
1168:instead of the long
895:
867:
805:A ligature of ſi on
737:
458:improve this article
352:: "ask", "husband",
139:, also known as the
3521:Phonetic alphabets
3386:on 4 September 2008
2906:Bloomsbury Academic
2729:in Britain in 1800"
2226:in a roman typeface
2079:in old Roman script
1935:Turkmen orthography
1911:Caucasian languages
1783:
1487:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1415:Charles Whittingham
1367:within the text of
1335:Two typefaces from
1259:also used the long
1240:Low's Encyclopaedia
1207:Giambattista Bodoni
1060:, published by the
1031:database. Based on
953:as distinct letters
327:Before or after an
76:An italicized long
3908:Keyboard layouts (
2561:Gutenberg Yearbook
2557:Gutenberg-Jahrbuch
2506:Yule, John-David.
2095:(right) and round
1806:
1769:
1702:
1608:of Brontë's death.
1551:
1535:
1209:also designed his
1096:
1094:from the typeface.
1088:⟨ct⟩
1045:
1000:⟨sh⟩
993:⟨ſh⟩
932:⟨ſs⟩
930:, the ligature of
905:
877:
848:⟨ſz⟩
811:
781:⟨st⟩
777:⟨ss⟩
773:⟨si⟩
761:
747:
719:Direction sign to
628:
89:
4032:
4031:
3903:
3902:
3751:
3750:
3537:Spelling alphabet
3380:The Straight Dope
3202:978-3-515-08887-9
3139:978-1-118-45405-3
3109:on 9 October 2021
2963:Fancy's Following
2902:Thackeray at Work
2592:978-3-933629-17-3
2585:. Grimma: 21–22.
2570:978-3-7755-1999-1
2300:Integral Symbol (
2149:, journal of the
2021:Solidus or slash
1963:⟨Ž⟩
1959:⟨£⟩
1939:⟨ſ⟩
1922:⟨ʕ⟩
1915:⟨ſ⟩
1828:) is used in the
1721:Gottfried Leibniz
1545:in a letter from
1460:Fancy's Following
1127:Printer's Grammar
1080:Fifth edition of
1007:⟨S⟩
986:⟨s⟩
979:⟨ſ⟩
967:⟨s⟩
963:⟨ſ⟩
852:⟨ß⟩
796:⟨ß⟩
729:⟨ß⟩
696:, as well as for
534:
533:
526:
508:
402:In the case of a
306:⟨s⟩
183:⟨s⟩
4072:
3763:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3555:
3554:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3428:
3423:
3411:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3371:
3358:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3223:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3058:Swetz, Frank J.
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2834:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2574:
2552:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2403:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2278:
2247:
2235:
2212:
2196:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2138:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2088:
2072:
2038:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1782:
1777:
1759:
1753:
1728:
1574:Charlotte Brontë
1547:Charlotte Brontë
1533:) in "priesters"
1446:historical novel
1419:Geoffrey Chaucer
1359:of today in the
1337:Stephenson Blake
1316:
1223:acts of Congress
1192:
1160:
1089:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
975:Slovene language
971:Bohorič alphabet
968:
964:
959:Baltic languages
933:
925:
916:
914:
912:
911:
906:
904:
903:
888:
886:
884:
883:
878:
876:
875:
853:
849:
830:
797:
794:
782:
778:
774:
758:
756:
754:
753:
748:
746:
745:
730:
641:
564:(uppercase) and
559:
557:
529:
522:
518:
515:
509:
507:
466:
442:
434:
344:was used before
307:
261:
257:
253:
249:
237:
231:
223:
184:
168:
138:
117:
114:
113:
110:
106:
104:
100:
52:
41:
30:
27:. For the letter
4080:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4010:
3984:
3953:
3899:
3885:
3867:
3844:
3752:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3559:Letters of the
3541:
3493:
3460:
3455:
3414:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2835:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2576:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2405:
2404:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2374:is held by the
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2252:adjacent to an
2236:
2227:
2213:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2180:, featuring an
2165:
2156:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2061:
2029:
2023:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1938:
1921:
1914:
1816:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:Acta Eruditorum
1737:, published in
1710:integral symbol
1690:
1569:. For example,
1529:(as well as an
1515:
1314:
1161:
1154:
1087:
1074:
1015:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
966:
962:
955:
931:
926:), although in
893:
892:
890:
865:
864:
862:
851:
847:
835:and historical
831:; also used in
795:
780:
776:
772:
735:
734:
732:
728:
721:Bernauer Straße
713:
635:
612:
551:
530:
519:
513:
510:
467:
465:
455:
443:
432:
305:
268:
259:
255:
251:
247:
217:
182:
162:
132:
125:
124:
123:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
68:
61:
50:
47:Integral symbol
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4037:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3484:Roman numerals
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3396:
3372:
3359:
3348:
3347:External links
3345:
3342:
3341:
3290:
3258:
3209:
3201:
3179:
3145:
3138:
3120:
3085:
3050:
3021:
3000:
2984:
2968:
2953:
2919:
2892:
2876:
2860:
2845:
2837:Philip Gaskell
2820:
2805:. p. 53.
2791:
2774:
2708:
2701:
2683:
2666:
2658:
2637:
2618:
2598:
2591:
2569:
2547:
2536:
2520:
2499:
2482:
2475:
2467:Designing Type
2457:
2450:
2432:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2363:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2155:, in the 1890s
2140:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2004:is encoded as
1986:
1970:
1967:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1689:
1686:
1678:Yell, Shetland
1646:
1645:
1630:Wilkie Collins
1627:
1609:
1604:in writing to
1600:used the long
1594:Patrick Brontë
1576:used the long
1514:
1511:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1453:
1432:
1405:reprinted the
1403:Chiswick Press
1345:
1344:
1333:
1326:
1307:
1300:
1287:
1280:
1253:United Kingdom
1195:François Didot
1190:España Sagrada
1155:Caleb Stower,
1152:
1073:
1070:
1014:
1011:
954:
944:
940:Tironian notes
938:originated in
902:
874:
846:) ligature of
744:
712:
709:
611:
605:
532:
531:
446:
444:
437:
431:
428:
416:
415:
400:
393:
378:
377:
376:
338:
325:
318:
317:
316:
311:However, long
298:
267:
264:
116:are used here,
92:
91:
90:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4077:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
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3755:
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3725:
3721:
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3711:
3707:
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3697:
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3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
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3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
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3592:
3588:
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3445:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:(June 2006).
3401:
3397:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3321:) as in 7/6.
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3291:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3259:
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3227:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3164:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3008:Edward Lear.
3004:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2954:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:Mosley, James
2923:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2775:
2762:
2759:(15): 23–28.
2758:
2754:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2702:9780198606536
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2659:9780198606536
2655:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2619:9783319245928
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2581:(in German).
2580:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:9780517486108
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2476:9781856694452
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2451:9781442263390
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2409:(June 2006).
2408:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
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2338:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:Wayside cross
2211:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:Paradise Lost
2173:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2120:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2001:
1995:
1994:bar diacritic
1991:
1987:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1954:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1863:Adresſeaviſen
1857:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1761:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:Joseph Lister
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
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1268:
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1262:
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1254:
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1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1010:
976:
972:
960:
952:
948:
945:
943:
941:
937:
929:
923:
922:
860:
856:
845:
841:
840:orthographies
838:
837:Upper Sorbian
834:
829:
824:
820:
816:
808:
803:
799:
793:
792:
786:
770:
766:
731:written as a
726:
722:
717:
710:
708:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
639:
633:
625:
621:
620:Paradise Lost
616:
610:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
549:
546:
543:
542:Roman cursive
539:
528:
525:
517:
506:
503:
499:
496:
492:
489:
485:
482:
478:
475: –
474:
470:
469:Find sources:
463:
459:
453:
452:
447:This section
445:
441:
436:
435:
429:
427:
425:
421:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:. The first
383:
379:
374:
370:
366:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
331:
326:
323:
319:
314:
310:
309:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
287:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
265:
263:
245:
241:
236:
230:
229:
221:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
176:
172:
166:
160:
156:
152:
151:
145:
144:
136:
130:
121:
95:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
59:
55:
48:
44:
37:
33:
26:
22:
4024:Palaeography
3479:Romanization
3458:Latin script
3419:
3407:
3400:West, Andrew
3388:. Retrieved
3384:the original
3379:
3368:Type Foundry
3367:
3325:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3229:
3225:
3212:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3170:, retrieved
3154:
3148:
3129:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3104:the original
3095:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3063:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3031:
3024:
3016:the original
3010:
3003:
2993:
2987:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2936:Type Foundry
2935:
2922:
2901:
2895:
2885:
2879:
2869:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2811:. Retrieved
2801:
2794:
2784:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2756:
2741:. Retrieved
2732:
2726:
2692:
2686:
2676:
2669:
2649:
2628:. Retrieved
2608:
2601:
2582:
2578:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2539:
2529:
2523:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2485:
2466:
2460:
2441:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2414:
2407:West, Andrew
2371:
2366:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2320:
2310:
2301:
2294:Esh (letter)
2286:
2270:
2253:
2249:
2223:
2200:
2181:
2175:
2146:
2142:
2110:
2096:
2092:
2076:
2048:
2032:
2030:
1989:
1941:represented
1933:In the 1993
1932:
1908:
1887:
1885:
1879:Jägermeiſter
1844:
1842:
1837:
1824:
1817:
1745:
1738:
1735:De Geometria
1734:
1730:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1688:Modern usage
1681:
1673:
1669:
1668:in a double
1665:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1622:in a double
1619:
1615:
1606:Ellen Nussey
1601:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1566:
1565:in a double
1562:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1526:
1505:survives in
1502:
1501:.) The long
1477:In Germany,
1476:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1428:
1422:
1410:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:Robert Burns
1373:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1264:
1260:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1202:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1081:
1065:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1022:
956:
950:
946:
935:
919:
858:
814:
812:
807:Movable type
767:was used in
764:
762:
724:
723:, with long
704:
697:
693:
689:
679:
674:
670:
643:
631:
629:
623:
608:
600:
592:
591:and a short
588:
584:
580:
547:
537:
535:
520:
514:October 2019
511:
501:
494:
487:
480:
468:
456:Please help
451:verification
448:
423:
419:
417:
411:
407:
403:
396:
385:
381:
368:
349:
345:
341:
334:
328:
321:
312:
301:
294:
290:
282:
278:
276:
271:
269:
243:
239:
205:
204:". The long
201:
198:swash letter
193:
189:
178:
177:in a double-
174:
170:
157:form of the
149:
147:
142:
140:
134:
128:
126:
93:
81:
77:
69:
53:
42:
36:Esh (letter)
31:
24:
20:
3965:ISO/IEC 646
3891:Pentagraphs
3873:Tetragraphs
3758:Multigraphs
3283:19 November
3251:19 November
3172:22 December
3078:11 February
3064:Convergence
2530:A is for Ox
2425:26 November
2172:John Milton
1855:Aftenpoſten
1612:Edward Lear
1586:G. H. Lewes
1509:typefaces.
1349:War of 1812
1289:In the UK,
1257:Nova Scotia
1174:Joseph Ames
924:for details
655:blackletter
4050:Typography
4039:Categories
4019:Diacritics
3420:Unknown.nu
3408:Babelstone
3329:is derived
3324:(The name
3161:, DK UUG,
3113:26 October
3043:7 February
2415:Babelstone
2386:References
2360:(3): 3–19.
2220:Hohenfurch
2168:Title page
2025:See also:
1969:In Unicode
1919:IPA letter
1485:, used by
1483:Tannenberg
1444:(1852), a
1407:Wyclyffite
1255:'s colony
833:Low German
828:scharfes s
783:, and the
597:typography
484:newspapers
362:Shaftsbury
333:, a round
235:scharfes s
186:letterform
84:") in the
3958:Standards
3850:Trigraphs
3546:Letters (
3499:Alphabets
3489:Ligatures
3238:2323-5209
3232:: 63–70.
2908:: 56–73.
2788:. London.
2749:Noted in
1913:used the
1886:The long
1822:, called
1771:∫
1704:The long
1531:r rotunda
1436:Thackeray
1347:When the
1292:The Times
1197:designed
1104:John Bell
1098:The long
1054:Woodhouse
977:included
891:⟨ſ
769:ligatures
763:The long
759:ligature
733:⟨ſ
727:and with
711:Ligatures
663:descender
651:typefaces
630:The long
566:minuscule
562:majuscule
536:The long
358:Salisbury
354:Ailesbury
238:, 'sharp
159:lowercase
120:this page
3767:Digraphs
3390:19 March
3364:"Long s"
3326:shilling
3317:or long
3307:sǒ·lidus
3277:Archived
3242:Archived
3163:archived
3072:Archived
3037:Archived
2946:1 August
2940:Archived
2813:22 March
2807:Archived
2761:Archived
2737:Archived
2624:Archived
2419:Archived
2417:(blog).
2285:Insular
2264:See also
2185:ligature
2053:shilling
2012:ẜ
2002:⟩
1998:⟨
1955:⟩
1951:⟨
1900:Garamond
1892:OpenType
1717:calculus
1715:used in
1523:Bastarda
1153:—
915:⟩
889:, hence
887:⟩
863:⟨
855:grapheme
757:⟩
686:ascender
682:x-height
640:⟩
636:⟨
577:printing
558:⟩
552:⟨
473:"Long s"
404:triple s
300:A round
222:⟩
218:⟨
214:ligature
210:grapheme
167:⟩
163:⟨
153:, is an
148:initial
137:⟩
133:⟨
109:/ /
103:| |
99:⟨ ⟩
82:Congreſs
3970:Unicode
3939:Colemak
3530:X-SAMPA
3469:History
3353:Moore.
3335:solidus
2757:Quadrat
2630:20 July
2313:rotunda
2075:Medial
2059:Gallery
2045:solidus
1992:with a
1988:A long
1981:ſ
1849:fraktur
1660:in the
1507:Fraktur
1479:Fraktur
1237:was in
1159:(1808).
1029:n-grams
1013:Decline
973:of the
928:Antiqua
844:Fraktur
787:letter
667:kerning
653:and in
574:Italian
498:scholar
430:History
216:letter
161:letter
155:archaic
141:medial
3934:Dvorak
3929:AZERTY
3924:QWERTZ
3919:QWERTY
3474:Spread
3236:
3199:
3136:
2767:28 May
2743:28 May
2699:
2656:
2616:
2589:
2567:
2518:p. 490
2514:
2473:
2448:
2372:Sketch
2276:Eszett
2240:Munich
2147:Reform
2117:
2113:
2009:
2007:U+1E9C
1978:
1976:U+017F
1904:Bodoni
1902:, and
1896:Caslon
1883:logo.
1700:, 2002
1698:Berlin
1315:'s
1273:Caslon
1211:Bodoni
1199:Didone
918:; see
823:Eszett
819:German
791:Eszett
785:German
702:medial
659:italic
545:medial
500:
493:
486:
479:
471:
395:Round
373:hyphen
283:except
228:eszett
129:long s
111:, and
56:, see
51:
45:, see
40:
29:
3989:Lists
3897:tzsch
3245:(PDF)
3222:(PDF)
3191:[
3166:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
3107:(PDF)
3100:(PDF)
2579:Signa
2559:[
2329:Notes
2319:Long
2218:near
2141:Long
2041:slash
1731:ſumma
1726:summa
1491:above
1343:only.
1332:only.
1306:only.
1286:only.
1135:sorts
961:used
648:roman
626:and f
505:JSTOR
491:books
277:Long
266:Rules
3944:BÉPO
3910:list
3881:ough
3548:list
3503:list
3392:2003
3285:2023
3253:2023
3234:ISSN
3197:ISBN
3174:2011
3134:ISBN
3115:2019
3080:2017
3045:2014
2948:2015
2815:2023
2769:2023
2745:2023
2697:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2632:2023
2614:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2565:ISBN
2512:ISBN
2471:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2427:2019
1925:see
1871:Siſu
1859:and
1838:ship
1401:The
1271:The
965:and
949:and
692:and
477:news
348:and
127:The
118:see
3949:Neo
3863:eau
3858:dzs
3745:Zz
3654:Mm
2910:doi
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