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In the U.S., license-free operation is also allowed on the medium frequency band, also known as the AM broadcast band. Similar to LowFER, MedFER is medium-frequency experimental radio. MedFER enthusiasts operate under FCC Part 15 rules using 0.1 W (a tenth of a watt) and a three-meter-long antenna
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Practical antennas at these frequencies are much shorter than the wavelength, making it difficult to efficiently radiate much useful power. By current U.S. and
Canadian regulations, LowFER transmitters may not have antenna and feed line lengths longer than 15 metres (49 ft), or final
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agreed a secondary allocation 135.7–137.8 kHz (the 2200-meter band) to the
Amateur Service on 9 November 2007, marking the first time since amateur allocations began that there has been an amateur band below the
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authorized to transmit on that band (notification and lack of objection from power utilities is required). Radio operators who conduct low-frequency experimental operations on the LowFER band are known as
137:(SSB) is also allowed. Even with such short antennas and low transmit power, LowFER stations have been heard at distances approaching 1,000 miles by listeners using sophisticated receiving setups.
104:, although an amateur radio license is not required for LowFER communications in those countries in Region 2, as long as the power is below a nationally prescribed limit, often 1
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In Europe, and generally in ITU Region 1, the LowFER frequency range (160–190 kHz) is used for broadcasting and is unavailable for two-way communications use. In the
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HiFER is high-frequency experimental radio operating within a 14 kHz-wide band centered at 13.56 MHz. This frequency range is allocated to
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and digital modes are the most commonly used for communications, but speech transmission via
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rules, where a small level of radio frequency radiation is allowed without licensing. (See
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White, G.E. (April 1968). "1750 meters - Some data on an undiscovered experimental band".
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there was an allocation for radio amateurs at 73 kHz between 1998 and 2002. The
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Build Your Own Low-power
Transmitters: Projects for the electronics experimenter
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adio) refers to experimental radio communication practiced by hobbyists on
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between 510 kHz and 1705 kHz, coinciding with the U.S.
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181:(meaning an inefficient antenna can be fed a higher power).
357:"CFR Title 47 § 15.217 "Operation in the band 160-190 kHz""
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broadcast band. Transmitter power is limited to one watt
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and 190 kHz which is sometimes referred to as the
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100:(pronounced "loafers"). Many LowFERs are also licensed
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uses as well as low-power communication devices under
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253:. London (Ontario Canada) Amateur Radio Club
329:Graf, Rudolf F.; Sheets, William (2001).
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121:stage input powers that exceeds 1
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162:International Telecommunication Union
59:LowFER operation is practiced in the
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214:for other uses of this frequency.)
166:World Radiocommunication Conference
47:. The practitioners are known as "
204:industrial, scientific and medical
39:below 300 kHz, a part of the
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371:"What is 'Part 15' ?"
289:ARRL Ham Radio Operating Guide
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293:American Radio Relay League
146:LF amateur radio allocation
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135:single-sideband modulation
287:Ellen White, ed. (1976).
79:, and in the past as the
392:Longwave Club of America
375:Longwave Club Of America
335:. Newnes. p. 267.
93:amateur radio operators
276:. pp. 31–32, 120.
91:with a number of U.S.
312:"(LF) Low frequency"
131:amplitude modulation
89:at 136–138 kHz
141:Similar activities
342:978-0-7506-7244-3
295:. pp. 36–37.
291:. Newington, CT:
244:"VE3OT Low Bands"
69:radio frequencies
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255:. Retrieved
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168:(WRC-07) in
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397:Medfer site
175:medium wave
37:frequencies
406:Categories
257:23 October
230:References
127:Telegraphy
112:Equipment
55:Practices
43:known as
27:requency
218:See also
192:AM radio
164:'s 2007
133:(AM) or
251:larc.ca
98:LowFERs
49:LowFERs
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194:band.
185:MedFER
170:Geneva
65:Canada
17:LowFER
247:(PDF)
198:HiFER
87:band
337:ISBN
316:ARRL
259:2021
212:RFID
123:watt
63:and
179:ERP
73:kHz
67:on
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21:Low
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106:W
33:R
29:E
25:F
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