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The ecoregion has been densely settled for many centuries, yet much forest remained until the early 20th century. Forest clearance accelerated during the 20th century, and by the end of the century, only 3% of the ecoregion remained in natural forest. Remaining forest areas are mostly small patches,
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identified over 40 protected areas in the ecoregion, with a combined area of about 7010 km², or approximately 3% of the ecoregion's area. Over half of these protected areas were smaller than 100 km²
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Wikramanayake, E.; Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C. J.; et al. (2002). Terrestrial
Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC. pp. 303
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358:. The ecoregion covers an area of 254,100 square kilometres (98,100 sq mi), comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of
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The upper canopy is predominantly of deciduous trees, with a lower storey of evergreen trees. Characteristic trees in disturbed forests are
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The climate of the ecoregion is tropical and humid. Most of the annual rainfall comes during the southwest monsoon from June to
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covers the Garo-Khasi-Jaintia Hills of
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The ecoregion is home to 126 native mammal species. They include threatened species like the
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The ecoregion is bounded on the east and northeast by montane tropical rain forests; the
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used to roam in this ecoregion. Small populations now survive in a few protected areas.
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to the east, extending into
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used to roam these vast forests, but are now confined to a few protected areas.
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The ecoregion is home to 380 species of birds species, including the
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The Lower
Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests extends across the
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Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos
Archipelago tropical moist forests
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Endless forest in a flat landscape. Nowadays a rare sight.
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The ecoregion is home to several large cities, including
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The natural vegetation is mostly semi-evergreen forest.
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345:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
89:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1277:"Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests"
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1243:"Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests"
912:except for one large block of forest south of
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1438:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
1378:Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
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994:, Bihar (230 km²; also extends into the
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451:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
341:Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
172:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
35:Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
18:Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
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1458:Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
1423:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
1408:North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
1294:Geographical ecoregion maps and basic info.
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1488:South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
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1368:Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
1363:Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
447:Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
117:Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
107:Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
1428:South Western Ghats montane rain forests
1413:North Western Ghats montane rain forests
370:, and extending into adjacent states of
205:254,100 km (98,100 sq mi)
1738:Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves
1373:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
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996:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
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406:rivers, which form the world's largest
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1020:Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
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1185:Rampahar-Sitapahar Wildlife Sanctuary
473:and brackish southern reaches of the
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1511:Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests
1478:Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
147:Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
1433:Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
1398:Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests
469:ecoregions lie in the swampy, semi-
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419:Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests
162:Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
132:Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests
112:Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
1644:Himalayan Alpine shrub and Meadows
1506:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
1473:Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests
1463:Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests
956:Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests
580:Riparian forests are typically an
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1683:Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
1605:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
1468:East Deccan dry evergreen forests
1173:West Bhanugach Wildlife Sanctuary
1143:Kawadighi Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
1110:Kawadighi Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
974:Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary
837:Where the undergrowth is sparse,
443:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
167:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
27:Ecoregion of India and Bangladesh
1706:Northwestern thorn scrub forests
1137:Hakaluki Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
952:Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary
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1125:Dubriar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
1080:Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary
60:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
1483:Northern dry deciduous forests
1167:Tangua Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
1119:Dakhar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
1044:Chalan Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
1032:Narendrapur Wildlife Sanctuary
988:, Uttar Pradesh (120 km²)
382:, as well as adjacent western
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1418:Odisha semi-evergreen forests
1393:Meghalaya subtropical forests
1179:Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary
1131:Erali Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
1092:Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary
1050:Bil Bhatia Wildlife Sanctuary
976:, Uttar Pradesh (80 km²)
441:, where it is bounded by the
431:Meghalaya subtropical forests
152:Odisha semi-evergreen forests
127:Meghalaya subtropical forests
1833:Environment of Uttar Pradesh
1403:Nicobar Islands rain forests
1358:Andaman Islands rain forests
1155:Meda Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
1149:Kuri Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
1104:Aila Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
1062:Hail Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
1026:Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary
137:Myanmar coastal rain forests
1557:Himalayan Subalpine conifer
1383:Malabar Coast moist forests
1217:, Bangladesh (960 km²)
1211:, Bangladesh (100 km²)
1161:Rajkandi Wildlife Sanctuary
1139:, Bangladesh (160 km²)
1064:, Bangladesh (100 km²)
1058:, Bangladesh (110 km²)
1046:, Bangladesh (170 km²)
1040:, West Bengal (70 km²)
1034:, West Bengal (90 km²)
1004:, West Bengal (40 km²)
901:can hunt on the open waters
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1818:Environment of West Bengal
1733:Godavari–Krishna mangroves
1701:Deccan thorn scrub forests
1205:, Bangladesh (20 km²)
1199:, Bangladesh (30 km²)
1197:Chimbuk Wildlife Sanctuary
1193:, Bangladesh (90 km²)
1191:Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary
1187:, Bangladesh (10 km²)
1181:, Bangladesh (30 km²)
1175:, Bangladesh (50 km²)
1169:, Bangladesh 160 km²)
1163:, Bangladesh (50 km²)
1157:, Bangladesh (20 km²)
1151:, Bangladesh (30 km²)
1145:, Bangladesh (20 km²)
1133:, Bangladesh (10 km²)
1127:, Bangladesh (20 km²)
1121:, Bangladesh (40 km²)
1112:, Bangladesh (10 km²)
1106:, Bangladesh (30 km²)
1098:Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary
1082:, Bangladesh (50 km²)
1076:, Bangladesh (90 km²)
1052:, Bangladesh (30 km²)
1016:, Bangladesh (10 km²)
1002:Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary
986:Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary
962:Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary
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1209:Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary
980:Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary
968:Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary
801:Anthracoceros albirostris
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1783:Ecoregions of Bangladesh
1597:Tropical and subtropical
1100:, Tripura (270 km²)
1088:, Tripura (420 km²)
1086:Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary
970:, Bihar (2,370 km²)
475:Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
1094:, Tripura (20 km²)
1070:, Tripura (10 km²)
1038:Jaldapara National Park
1008:Kabartal Bird Sanctuary
761:Houbaropsis bengalensis
742:Lutrogale perspicillata
734:Tetracerus quadricornis
532:Duabanga sonneratioides
142:Myanmar Coast mangroves
1838:Indomalayan ecoregions
1828:Environment of Tripura
1283:. World Wildlife Fund.
1281:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1249:. World Wildlife Fund.
1247:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1203:Himchari National Park
1068:Roa Wildlife Sanctuary
1056:Madhupur National Park
1028:, Bihar (200 km²)
1014:Ramsagar National Park
982:, Bihar (290 km²)
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867:Various bird species (
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797:Oriental pied hornbill
777:Haliaeetus leucoryphus
461:to the southwest. The
1823:Environment of Odisha
1798:Forests of Bangladesh
1115:Unnamed (20 km²)
1022:, Bihar 160 km²)
1010:, Bihar (30 km²)
992:Valmiki National Park
964:, Bihar (50 km²)
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412:intensive agriculture
1813:Environment of Bihar
1808:Environment of Assam
1743:Sundarbans mangroves
1074:Bhawal National Park
789:Indian grey hornbill
568:Terminalia tomentosa
541:. As forests mature
467:Sundarbans mangroves
459:Chota Nagpur Plateau
157:Sundarbans mangroves
47:Bhawal National Park
1778:Ecoregions of India
1754:Ecoregions of India
1534:Himalayan Broadleaf
1329:Ecoregions of India
921:World Wildlife Fund
785:Francolinus gularis
773:Pallas's fish-eagle
769:Sypheotides indicus
738:smooth-coated otter
552:Zizyphus mauritiana
378:and a tiny part of
325:Critical/endangered
321:Conservation status
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746:great Indian civet
665:Inside the forests
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1693:Deserts and Xeric
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1289:"Ecoregions 2017"
942:Large numbers of
653:Seasonal flooding
611:Sterculia villosa
556:Madhuca latifolia
538:Sterculia villosa
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944:Indian tigers
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922:
919:In 1997, the
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479:Bay of Bengal
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398:of the lower
397:
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376:Uttar Pradesh
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263:Uttar Pradesh
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1793:Ganges basin
1656:Northwestern
1585:Shrublands,
1583:Grasslands,
1377:
1338:subtropical
1280:
1246:
918:
910:
907:Conservation
884:Common tiger
869:fantail bird
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
754:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
709:
701:
695:
609:
605:Bombax ceiba
603:
597:
591:
585:
581:
579:
577:are common.
574:Ochna pumila
572:
550:
546:
536:
526:
522:Bombax ceiba
520:
518:
515:
507:
483:
416:
393:
340:
338:
315:Conservation
181:Bird species
29:
1711:Thar desert
899:Dragonflies
457:lie on the
421:covers the
408:river delta
404:Brahmaputra
360:West Bengal
302: /
278:Coordinates
269:West Bengal
77:Indomalayan
1767:Categories
1524:Temperate
1498:Coniferous
1291:. Resolve.
1222:References
886:butterfliy
730:chousingha
722:sloth bear
718:Bos gaurus
498:Chittagong
453:. The dry
423:Chin Hills
352:Bangladesh
217:Bangladesh
1450:broadleaf
1350:broadleaf
932:Elephants
841:can roam.
439:Himalayas
390:Geography
348:ecoregion
330:Protected
210:Countries
197:Geography
1725:Mangrove
1589:Savannas
914:Varanasi
854:Peacocks
471:brackish
1675:Flooded
1661:Western
1651:Eastern
1630:Central
1615:Montane
1570:Western
1565:Eastern
1547:Western
1542:Eastern
1526:Forests
1340:Forests
795:), and
744:), and
504:Climate
486:Kolkata
384:Myanmar
368:Tripura
290:89°53′E
287:24°02′N
258:Tripura
227:Myanmar
95:Borders
66:Ecology
1348:Moist
810:Monkey
608:, and
571:, and
535:, and
496:, and
400:Ganges
372:Odisha
253:Odisha
236:States
698:tiger
692:Fauna
512:Flora
494:Patna
490:Dhaka
380:Assam
364:Bihar
356:India
343:is a
333:2.76%
248:Bihar
243:Assam
222:India
84:Biome
72:Realm
1587:and
1448:Dry
824:Deer
714:gaur
465:and
425:and
402:and
366:and
354:and
339:The
202:Area
184:380+
101:List
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