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571:
32:
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292:
and become important symbols of the nation. They can build and legitimise the nation and are intended to foster national unity, social cohesion and popular identification. They provide national governments with annual opportunities to reinforce the status of the nation. Sabine
Marschall argues that
275:
is used to refer to days established as public holidays in statute law. In
England and Wales, Good Friday and Christmas Day are known as common law holidays, as they have been celebrated by custom since time immemorial. Bank holidays were introduced in the late 19th century to extend the labour
284:
The major social function of public holidays is the co-ordination of leisure time. This co-ordination has costs, such as congestion and overcrowding (in leisure facilities, on transport systems) and benefits (easier for people to arrange social occasions).
396:
In the United States, there is no national law requiring that employers pay employees who do not work on public holidays (although the U.S. states of Rhode Island and
Massachusetts have paid holiday laws).
2704:
378:
Sabie
Marschall argues that the revised set of public holidays in post-Apartheid South Africa attempts to produce and celebrate a particular national identity in line with the political goal of the
810:
247:
The term may also be used to distinguish between days that may be celebrated as secular holidays rather than religious holidays such as the celebration of New Year's Day on
January 1 (
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there may also be different holidays for the constituent states or provinces, as in the United States where holidays that were established by the federal government are called
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364:. If a worker works on a public holiday, they are to be paid 1.5 times their regular rate of pay and be given another alternate day off.
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432:. This has also led to protests, with many Australians seeing the date as a symbol of the beginning of European oppression towards the
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enjoy 17 public breaks a year. Some countries (e.g. Cambodia) with a longer, six-day workweek, have more holidays (28) to compensate.
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In some countries, there are national laws that make some or all public holidays paid holidays, and in other countries, there are no
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49:
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Some public holidays are controversial. For example, in the United States a federal holiday commemorates explorer
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875:
440:' Whilst the national date has yet to be changed, many Australia day staples, such as citizenship ceremonies and
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1207:
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82:
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319:
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2136:
1456:
1421:
1376:
1371:
1115:
1025:
915:
684:
504:
322:, Nepal is the country with the highest number of public holidays but it observes six working days a week.
297:, which preserve particular representations of historical events and particular national or public heroes.
64:
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226:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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parades and calls for the public holiday to be changed. Some states have adopted the day as
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89:
769:"Australia Day wasn't always on 26 January. Why is the national holiday on that date now?"
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252:
222:
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409:, who is said to have discovered the Americas by Europeans. This has led to protests at
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20:
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generally established by law and is usually a non-working day during the year.
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A civic holiday, also known as a civil or work holiday, is a day that is
595:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 320.
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198:
194:
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149:
276:
rights citizens have on common law holidays to four additional days.
260:
206:
16:
Holiday generally established by law and is usually a non-working day
634:: nation-building and the politics of public memory in South Africa"
339:
335:
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214:
202:
315:, though many firms provide days off as paid or unpaid holidays.
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25:
19:"Civic holiday" redirects here. For the Canadian holiday, see
708:"Can Cambodia stay competitive with so many public holidays?"
225:. Such days may or may not be counted in calculating the
169:
recognized and celebrated as a holiday in a particular
326:
ranks second with 21 national holidays, followed by
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2099:
2043:
1995:
1957:
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1169:
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863:
428:first arrived in the country on 26 January 1788 at
244:or relationship according to a parenting schedule.
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
706:O'Byrne, Brendan; Hor, Kimsay (22 February 2018).
608:"Keeping in Touch: A Benefit of Public Holidays"
318:They vary by country and may vary by year. With
288:Public holidays constitute an important part of
436:. The holiday has since garnered the nickname '
209:as a non-working day when the official arms of
307:List of countries by number of public holidays
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2079:
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843:
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8:
2706:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
484:Category:Lists of public holidays by country
229:in legal actions and are usually days when
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606:Merz, Joachim; Osberg, Lars (2006-04-01).
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
448:, have been moved to alternative dates.
177:subdivision of such, e.g., a state or a
495:
740:"Why Columbus Day Courts Controversy"
720:from the original on 22 February 2018
532:
530:
515:from the original on 16 February 2020
7:
623:
621:
392:Public holidays in the United States
360:In New Zealand, a national law sets
236:are given alternating visitation or
54:adding citations to reliable sources
503:Pyper, Douglas (18 December 2015).
293:public holidays can be regarded as
628:Marschall, Sabine (January 2013).
543:. TUC. 22 May 2007. Archived from
509:Research briefings - UK Parliament
14:
2094:Public holidays in North America
614:. Rochester, NY – via SSRN.
2602:Public holidays in South America
2207:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1640:
1631:
1630:
1156:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
926:Democratic Republic of the Congo
569:
458:
181:. It is usually a day that the
30:
750:from the original on 2022-12-26
374:Public holidays in South Africa
271:In the British Isles, the term
240:to their children from a prior
41:needs additional citations for
2393:Federated States of Micronesia
1598:British Indian Ocean Territory
673:Jha, Manish (7 October 2016).
652:10.1080/23323256.2013.11500039
424:commemorates the day when the
356:Public holidays in New Zealand
1:
2332:United States Virgin Islands
639:Anthropology Southern Africa
259:Christian countries such as
479:List of holidays by country
2748:
2375:Public holidays in Oceania
505:"Bank and public holidays"
417:rather than Columbus Day.
389:
371:
353:
304:
301:Public holidays by country
18:
2571:
2344:
2307:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2063:
1689:Public holidays in Europe
1658:
1626:
1251:
858:Public holidays in Africa
827:
2544:Northern Mariana Islands
2327:Turks and Caicos Islands
1347:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
911:Central African Republic
538:"Bank Holiday Fact File"
2509:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1608:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1282:Public holidays in Asia
592:Encyclopædia Britannica
415:Indigenous People's Day
362:12 paid public holidays
2257:British Virgin Islands
1737:Bosnia and Herzegovina
334:at 18 each. Likewise,
227:statute of limitations
2487:and other territories
2197:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1071:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
931:Republic of the Congo
434:indigenous population
1522:United Arab Emirates
630:"Public holidays as
612:IZA Discussion Paper
407:Christopher Columbus
50:improve this article
2212:Trinidad and Tobago
2107:Antigua and Barbuda
1958:States with limited
1549:limited recognition
1146:States with limited
713:The Phnom Penh Post
2147:Dominican Republic
687:on 10 October 2016
251:) and January 14 (
249:Gregorian calendar
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2687:other territories
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2559:Wallis and Futuna
2504:Clipperton Island
2462:Associated states
2340:
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2229:other territories
2059:
2058:
1654:
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1591:other territories
1247:
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1173:other territories
946:Equatorial Guinea
217:are closed. In
142:statutory holiday
126:
125:
118:
100:
2739:
2707:
2695:Falkland Islands
2609:Sovereign states
2596:
2589:
2582:
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2549:Pitcairn Islands
2519:French Polynesia
2499:Christmas Island
2428:Papua New Guinea
2408:Marshall Islands
2381:Sovereign states
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2297:Saint Barthélemy
2227:Dependencies and
2100:Sovereign states
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2081:
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1996:Dependencies and
1695:Sovereign states
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1603:Christmas Island
1289:Sovereign states
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1233:(United Kingdom)
1229:Tristan da Cunha
1225:Ascension Island
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1171:Dependencies and
864:Sovereign states
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683:. Archived from
675:"Regular breaks"
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632:lieux de mémoire
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257:eastern Orthodox
223:federal holidays
197:has declared by
134:national holiday
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65:"Public holiday"
58:
34:
26:
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2732:Public holidays
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2438:Solomon Islands
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1997:
1991:
1977:Northern Cyprus
1959:
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1869:North Macedonia
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1562:Northern Cyprus
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820:Public holidays
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585:, ed. (1911). "
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466:Holidays portal
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309:
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295:sites of memory
290:nation building
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253:Julian Calendar
171:sovereign state
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138:federal holiday
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47:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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2539:Norfolk Island
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2494:American Samoa
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2464:of New Zealand
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2262:Cayman Islands
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2044:Other entities
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2012:
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1998:other entities
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1944:United Kingdom
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1757:Czech Republic
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646:(1–2): 11–21.
617:
598:
583:Chisholm, Hugh
561:
550:on 3 June 2013
526:
494:
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491:
488:
487:
486:
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402:
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390:Main article:
387:
384:
380:rainbow nation
372:Main article:
369:
366:
354:Main article:
351:
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320:36 days a year
305:Main article:
302:
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281:
278:
268:
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219:federal states
175:jurisdictional
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2018:
2016:
2013:
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2010:Faroe Islands
2008:
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1994:
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1982:South Ossetia
1980:
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1829:Liechtenstein
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1572:South Ossetia
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986:Guinea-Bissau
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587:Bank Holidays
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578:public domain
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438:Invasion Day.
435:
431:
427:
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422:Australia day
418:
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386:United States
385:
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367:
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254:
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231:non-custodial
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161:Civic holiday
160:
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147:
146:legal holiday
143:
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109:
106:November 2017
98:
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88:
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81:
77:
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70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
21:Civic Holiday
2683:Dependencies
2485:Dependencies
2471:Cook Islands
2322:Sint Maarten
2302:Saint Martin
1987:Transnistria
1949:Vatican City
1587:Dependencies
1517:Turkmenistan
1482:Saudi Arabia
1221:Saint Helena
1192:
1096:South Africa
1086:Sierra Leone
891:Burkina Faso
819:
776:. Retrieved
772:
763:
752:. Retrieved
743:
734:
722:. Retrieved
711:
701:
689:. Retrieved
685:the original
680:Nepali Times
678:
668:
643:
637:
631:
611:
601:
590:
564:
552:. Retrieved
545:the original
517:. Retrieved
508:
498:
474:Bank holiday
419:
411:Columbus Day
404:
395:
377:
368:South Africa
359:
317:
310:
287:
283:
273:bank holiday
270:
267:Bank holiday
246:
215:court system
213:such as the
164:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2418:New Zealand
2292:Puerto Rico
2202:Saint Lucia
2152:El Salvador
2025:Isle of Man
1960:recognition
1929:Switzerland
1864:Netherlands
1646:Asia portal
1547:States with
1467:Philippines
1407:South Korea
1402:North Korea
1297:Afghanistan
1148:recognition
1101:South Sudan
991:Ivory Coast
724:23 February
519:27 December
446:Hottest 100
430:Sydney Cove
426:First Fleet
420:Similarly,
350:New Zealand
332:Philippines
183:legislature
2287:Montserrat
2282:Martinique
2277:Guadeloupe
2132:Costa Rica
1899:San Marino
1859:Montenegro
1839:Luxembourg
1819:Kazakhstan
1722:Azerbaijan
1527:Uzbekistan
1502:Tajikistan
1417:Kyrgyzstan
1397:Kazakhstan
1317:Bangladesh
1307:Azerbaijan
1203:(Portugal)
1161:Somaliland
1081:Seychelles
1046:Mozambique
1031:Mauritania
1016:Madagascar
971:The Gambia
906:Cape Verde
822:by country
778:2024-01-25
754:2022-12-27
691:14 October
554:12 January
490:References
211:government
187:parliament
76:newspapers
2672:Venezuela
2617:Argentina
2388:Australia
2272:Greenland
2187:Nicaragua
2162:Guatemala
2015:Gibraltar
1834:Lithuania
1613:Hong Kong
1567:Palestine
1492:Sri Lanka
1487:Singapore
1367:Indonesia
1036:Mauritius
660:2332-3256
401:Criticism
344:Hong Kong
313:such laws
195:sovereign
2726:Category
2662:Suriname
2652:Paraguay
2637:Colombia
2403:Kiribati
2237:Anguilla
2172:Honduras
2142:Dominica
2117:Barbados
2035:Svalbard
2020:Guernsey
1967:Abkhazia
1914:Slovenia
1909:Slovakia
1884:Portugal
1742:Bulgaria
1636:Category
1557:Abkhazia
1507:Thailand
1462:Pakistan
1442:Mongolia
1437:Maldives
1432:Malaysia
1332:Cambodia
1227: /
1223: /
1216:(France)
1210: /
1188: /
1184: /
1136:Zimbabwe
1111:Tanzania
961:Ethiopia
956:Eswatini
936:Djibouti
901:Cameroon
886:Botswana
773:SBS News
748:Archived
718:Archived
513:Archived
452:See also
442:Triple J
330:and the
328:Colombia
242:marriage
191:congress
179:province
2667:Uruguay
2642:Ecuador
2622:Bolivia
2554:Tokelau
2453:Vanuatu
2267:Curaçao
2252:Bonaire
2247:Bermuda
2177:Jamaica
2157:Grenada
2112:Bahamas
1939:Ukraine
1889:Romania
1849:Moldova
1807:Ireland
1802:Iceland
1797:Hungary
1787:Germany
1782:Georgia
1772:Finland
1767:Estonia
1762:Denmark
1747:Croatia
1732:Belgium
1727:Belarus
1717:Austria
1712:Armenia
1707:Andorra
1702:Albania
1532:Vietnam
1447:Myanmar
1427:Lebanon
1357:Georgia
1312:Bahrain
1302:Armenia
1212:RĂ©union
1208:Mayotte
1199:Madeira
1194:(Spain)
1190:Melilla
1121:Tunisia
1091:Somalia
1076:Senegal
1061:Nigeria
1051:Namibia
1041:Morocco
1006:Liberia
1001:Lesotho
951:Eritrea
921:Comoros
896:Burundi
871:Algeria
744:HISTORY
580::
280:Impacts
234:parents
199:statute
167:legally
150:holiday
90:scholar
2647:Guyana
2627:Brazil
2529:Hawaii
2448:Tuvalu
2192:Panama
2182:Mexico
2127:Canada
2122:Belize
2030:Jersey
1972:Kosovo
1934:Turkey
1924:Sweden
1904:Serbia
1894:Russia
1879:Poland
1874:Norway
1854:Monaco
1824:Latvia
1792:Greece
1777:France
1752:Cyprus
1577:Taiwan
1512:Turkey
1477:Russia
1412:Kuwait
1392:Jordan
1382:Israel
1342:Cyprus
1327:Brunei
1322:Bhutan
1231:
1214:
1201:
1131:Zambia
1126:Uganda
1066:Rwanda
1021:Malawi
981:Guinea
876:Angola
658:
574:
261:Russia
238:access
207:decree
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2632:Chile
2443:Tonga
2433:Samoa
2423:Palau
2413:Nauru
2242:Aruba
2167:Haiti
2005:Ă…land
1919:Spain
1844:Malta
1814:Italy
1618:Macau
1537:Yemen
1497:Syria
1472:Qatar
1452:Nepal
1387:Japan
1362:India
1352:Egypt
1337:China
1186:Ceuta
1106:Sudan
1056:Niger
1011:Libya
996:Kenya
976:Ghana
966:Gabon
941:Egypt
881:Benin
548:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
340:China
336:Japan
324:India
203:edict
156:Types
148:is a
144:, or
97:JSTOR
83:books
2657:Peru
2524:Guam
2476:Niue
2398:Fiji
2312:Saba
2137:Cuba
1457:Oman
1422:Laos
1377:Iraq
1372:Iran
1116:Togo
1026:Mali
916:Chad
726:2018
693:2016
656:ISSN
556:2010
521:2022
342:and
69:news
2685:and
1589:and
648:doi
589:".
444:'s
205:or
193:or
173:or
52:by
2728::
771:.
746:.
742:.
716:.
710:.
677:.
654:.
644:36
642:.
636:.
620:^
610:.
529:^
511:.
507:.
382:.
338:,
263:.
201:,
189:,
185:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
128:A
2595:e
2588:t
2581:v
2368:e
2361:t
2354:v
2087:e
2080:t
2073:v
1682:e
1675:t
1668:v
1275:e
1268:t
1261:v
851:e
844:t
837:v
812:e
805:t
798:v
781:.
757:.
728:.
695:.
662:.
650::
558:.
523:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
