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type than other types of artwork. Typically the mat or mats, if matched carefully and properly proportioned, serve to help draw the eye in towards the framed piece, or towards a particular key element of the piece. However, while the mat is usually regarded as something to complement or set off the artwork to best effect, or not to interfere or compete with it (neutral-colored mats are often preferred by high-end art galleries,) there are some examples of the mat being regarded by the artist as a part of the artwork. Mats can be decorated as described below, used as a surface for the continuation of the artwork within, or can incorporate three-dimensional aspects, though the last two are highly unusual.
171:-made mats are usually 1/16 of an inch thick, for example), they are able to be cut to "stack" inside of a display, allowing for double, triple or quadruple matting, or even allowing for a fillet in between mats. Mats are available in numerous colors and shades and, less commonly, in preprinted patterns or designs. Mats can easily be found or altered to include further decorative features, such as a cloth covering (most commonly
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decorative layer of the mat, this means that the carved design will show up as the color of the mat's core. (There have been examples of sandpaper being used to sand into the mat and reveal the core, or incisions made into it with the same result.) Most mats are available with a white core, black core, or standard (cream colored) core, but a handful of mats are also available with bright green, red, yellow or blue cores.
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335:-free paper) comes into play during the mounting process. In archival framing, paper items are not typically glued down to the backing, as it prevents anyone in the future from being able to safely and easily remove it to replace damaged frames, backing or mats, and can make restoration of a damaged document or art piece more difficult. Typically, such items are instead held in place against the backing with
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center higher up than the physical center of the image. By creating a larger bottom margin and off-setting the mat you draw the eye to physical center of the image. Top Center is a subset of bottom weighting where the top and side margins are equal, which creates a visually pleasing effect. This is particularly true in mats where the borders are not equal, such as an 11x14 with an 8x10 opening.
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366:, brown marks that creep in from the outside onto the displayed piece itself. While mat burn is sometimes reversible through cleaning the piece, cleaning may not be feasible if the piece was executed in water-soluble inks or paints, such as watercolor. Thus, it is important to know if the mats used are acid-free if the piece is to be preserved for a long time.
359:). Older mats (wood based paper) are typically acidic, because acid-free paper was not widely available or marketed until recent years. While most newer mats are acid-free, there are some papers that contain acid and one should ask the picture framer about the acid content of the mats if the desired life of the piece being framed is more than 75–100 years.
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Caution must be exercised in selecting the type of framing desired. Art work that is desired to last long term (more than 75 years) can be damaged by improper mat boards that are used intentionally to lower cost. However, non-archival quality mat boards may be suitable for a photographic print, laser
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that non-archival foamboards may fall prey to; for this reason, and due to many smaller frames' shallow depths, it is not uncommon to see mat boards used as backing for a picture frame as well, though foamcore and mounting boards tend to be stiffer. It is also important, if long-term preservation is
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The most common used matting has an equal margin all the way around. On artwork with the visual center lower than actual center,. Bottom weighting, or off-sets are used frequently in matting. The bottom margin are made larger than the side and top margins. When looking at an image, the eyes tend to
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Mats (also known as mounts) can also be cut by hand, but this introduces the possibility of human error. Unless specified, the aperture will usually be cut 3 mm over the aperture size, allowing the artwork to sit inside the mat. It is common practice for a backing board to be applied to the back in
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picture framing, mats have several important functions. One of the most important functions is that it separates the glass from the art or document being framed; this is primarily important because any condensation that develops on the inside of the glass can be transferred to the piece if they are
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drawn on the mat, usually in ink or paint and usually drawn to form a complete rectangle or square around the opening in the mat. It is used as additional decoration to help draw the eye in towards the center of the display, and can be done in pencil or any color of ink or paint, including metallic
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with a cloth surface. Although matting usually contains only one opening per layer, it may contain none if a picture is "float-mounted" or "top-mounted" (placed on top of the mat), and mats with two or more exist, more commonly with photography of the family or pictures of individual family members
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There are several categories of mat board and they are all separated by the level of protection offered the art work or artifact being framed. While some say that acidic framing materials should be avoided for all but the most temporary frames, it is not safe to say that all "acid-free" mats are
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should also be separated from the glass because the surface of photographs is particularly easy to damage, and may even separate from its original paper and stick to the glass if wet; for this reason, any framed photograph of value should be framed in such a way that the glass does not directly
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Because the mat is thin, but not razor-thin, it can also be carved (traditionally by hand, though computerized mat-cutting systems have also been developed), to feature a design, such as lettering or a simple image; since the carving consists mainly of cutting away a small portion of the top
381:– The highest quality material available. It is constructed of 100% cotton fiber, is Archival and will protect and preserve the contents of a frame. While it is the most expensive material available, the difference in actual material costs relative to the cost of framing is minimal.
343:" (tiny triangular pockets into which the corners of the paper are put). The added (though slight) weight of mats can help hold a piece in place while also helping to hide the backing and photo corners. In archival framing, the mats are not glued to the piece or backing, but are "
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To determine the pH of an older mat with a white core, look to see if the core (visible where the mat has already been cut) has turned brownish or yellowed; if so, it is acidic. If the core has not changed color, one can determine the pH by using a pH tester.
415:– This material usually has a recycled fiber core, lined with a wood-based liner on one or both sides that has been treated to prevent "short term" acid burn. Eventually the acid in the core will leach out to the surface, which can harm the artwork.
391:– Still a good quality choice for conservation, it is constructed of cotton linters (short cotton fibers) and cellulose (wood pulp) middles. The cellulose is a less expensive raw material but offers sufficient conservation properties for most works.
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Mats can be cut using computerized mat cutters. These come in a range of sizes and allow mats to be cut with accuracy and precision. This makes it ideal for complex mats, multi-window mats, oval or shaped mats or even bulk mat cutting.
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While most mats are generally rectangular in shape, with a rectangular opening, in addition to fairly common oval, oval-apertured mats designed to go with oval frames, there are also very unusual examples of mats in other shapes.
114:-based material included within a picture frame, which serves as additional decoration and to perform several other, more practical functions, such as separating the art from the glass. Putting mats in a frame is called
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coverings or various other types of cloth covering are also available from some companies) or other decorative coverings or coatings (such as metallic coatings, or textured and patterned coatings that can include
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Similar to a French line, is a V-Groove. A V-Groove is a thin cut into the mat around the edge of the opening, revealing the core. It is used for much the same purpose as the French line.
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Mats are, with very few exceptions, made of paper-based material. They tend to take well to minor surface additions, including ink and paint (a very wide variety of other media, including
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In addition, correct "conservation" framing includes all components, not just the mat board used directly behind the glass. Until recently, there were no truly "archival"-quality
852:
Home Book of
Picture Framing: Professional Secrets of Mounting Matting, Framing and Displaying Artworks, Photographs, Posters, Fabrics, Collectibles, Carvings and More
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is usually beveled to avoid casting shadows on the picture. The French word may also be used for the tape used to stick the back of the picture to its frame.
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surfaces and the
Nielsen Bainbridge company now produces one that is claimed to both block the intrusion of airborne pollutants and to avoid the problem of
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development), as opposed to computer printing, are already slightly acidic by nature and therefore are much less likely to be damaged by non-archival mats.
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to avoid having to glue items to the backing. It is also possible to affix a small metal plate to the surface of a mat. Such plates are typically made of
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serves two purposes: first, to prevent the image from touching the glass, and second, to frame the image and enhance its visual appeal. The cutout in the
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570:"Signature mats" or "autograph mats" allow such decoration to take the form of the autographs of guests to a wedding or other special occasion.
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print, etc. that is not meant to last long term. Additionally, prints made with traditional chemical processing of
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The difference is important for the long term protection of the piece because acidic mats can cause what is called
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is similar to a French line, with the exception that it is thicker, formed from decorative material ranging from
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for its use as additional decoration to enhance the look of a framed piece, sometimes in conjunction with a
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Mats are available in a wide variety of colors and styles; this rack includes several hundred corner samples
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recommended for long term preservation use. The hierarchy of mat board quality is as follows:
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pictures, can smudge easily and should be separated from the glass for that reason.
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Mats are fairly adaptable in the visual sense. Since they are typically quite thin (
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of concern, to make sure the framer is using good conservation framing technique.
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One includes a hand-crocheted mat; the means of assembly is not entirely clear.
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to a design in ink or paint. Typically a painted French panel will be done in
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573:"The Framer's Workshop Wedding Celebration & Signature Mat Framing Page"
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There are two main types of mat material: acidic, and "acid-free" (neutral
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Conservation
Framing (Library of the Professional Picture Framing, Vol 4)
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Picture
Framing, Vol. 1 (Library of Professional Picture Framing, Vol 1)
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Bottom weighting, or off-sets are also used frequently in matting
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552:"Crafts by Sharon: Hand Crocheted Square Full-Edged Picture Mat"
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boards available, though a number of foamcore brands exist with
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118:, a term which can also usually be used interchangeably with
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The
Complete Photo Guide to Framing & Displaying Artwork
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contact the photo. Additionally, some types of art, such as
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A common form of decoration on non-cloth coated mats is the
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735:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--alkaline reserve"
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717:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--acid-free paper"
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A mat with several French lines and a watercolor panel.
122:. The French term, occasionally used in English, is
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699:"Definitions of linter - OneLook Dictionary Search"
151:The picture-framing mat is most commonly known by
886:Mounts/ Mats FAQ Fine Art Trade Guild standards
457:order to secure the artwork, prior to framing.
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637:. Creative Publishing International. p.
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238:. These forms of matting may also be called
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271:, which is also sometimes referred to as a
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299:not separated, resulting in water damage,
327:framing (where the mats used are made of
502:Professional Picture Framers Association
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670:Matboard And More, Matboard And More.
159:or more rarely, liners made of wooden
73:A framed daguerrotype surrounded by a
42:For other uses of "Passepartout", see
323:Another major function of the mat in
7:
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872:Matboard And More Guide to Matboards
836:Kistler, Vivian C., (revised 2006).
674:. Matboard And More. Archived from
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824:Mat, Mount, and Frame It Yourself
594:Matting, Mounting and Framing Art
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633:Kistler, Vivian Carli (2009).
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1528:Environmental impact of paper
808:Kistler, Vivian C., (2007).
110:) is a thin, flat piece of
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1475:Surface chemistry of paper
978:(Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso TzÇ”-yi)
775:www.nielsen-bainbridge.com
672:"Measuring Your Matboards"
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850:Oberrecht, Kenn, (1998).
822:Logan, M. David, (2002).
1007:Friedrich Gottlob Keller
789:"Custom Picture Framing"
771:"NIELSEN-BAINBRIDGE.COM"
739:cool.conservation-us.org
721:cool.conservation-us.org
472:Fillet (picture framing)
1523:Elemental chlorine free
1480:Units of paper quantity
18:Passe-Partout (framing)
1503:Bleaching of wood pulp
877:How to cut a mat board
840:, Columba Publishing,
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351:Acidic vs. "acid-free"
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1890:Continuous stationery
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812:,Columba Publishing,
492:Picture framing glass
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793:The Framing Workshop
405:matboard available.
27:For other uses, see
854:, Stackpole Books,
592:Hyder, Max (1986).
179:, though mats with
826:, Watson-Guptill,
399:archival mat board
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832:978-0-8230-3038-5
818:978-0-938655-03-9
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678:on 2013-11-27
677:
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611:0-8230-3027-X
607:
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543:
532:on 2008-08-28
531:
527:
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487:Picture frame
485:
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342:
341:photo corners
338:
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136:passe-partout
133:
132:passe-partout
128:
127:
126:passe-partout
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
86:
85:Passe-partout
82:
76:
75:passe-partout
71:
64:
63:passe-partout
59:
51:
45:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2085:Filter paper
2059:Playing card
1986:
1930:Post-it note
1867:Toilet paper
1654:Papier-mâché
1649:Paper towels
1568:Soda pulping
1485:Wet strength
1286:Photographic
1159:Cotton (rag)
1132:Construction
851:
837:
823:
809:
802:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
680:. Retrieved
676:the original
665:
634:
628:
593:
587:
576:. Retrieved
566:
555:. Retrieved
545:
534:. Retrieved
530:the original
520:
512:
511:
455:
451:
430:
418:
412:
408:
402:
398:
395:Conservation
394:
388:
384:
379:Museum board
378:
372:
368:
363:
361:
354:
322:
296:conservation
295:
291:
289:
280:
277:
272:
260:
257:French panel
256:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:French panel
231:
227:
223:
221:
213:shadowboxing
206:
202:
190:
166:
150:
135:
131:
125:
119:
115:
103:
99:
95:
94:industry, a
89:
84:
74:
62:
44:Passepartout
2095:Paper model
2049:Paper craft
1975:Decorations
1862:Paper towel
1816:Oyster pail
1811:Molded pulp
1684:Paper money
1644:Lined paper
1563:Papermaking
1496:and process
1494:Manufacture
1470:Paper sizes
1199:Greaseproof
1184:GenkĹŤ yĹŤshi
1037:Dard Hunter
969:Originators
937:Papermaking
600:. pp.
497:Printmaking
244:French line
240:French mats
224:French line
2131:Paperboard
2120:Categories
2054:Paper toys
2037:Recreation
1900:Index card
1882:Stationery
1831:Paperboard
1769:Containers
1621:Paper mill
1548:Organosolv
1427:Fiber crop
1417:China clay
1376:Waterproof
1276:Paperboard
1154:Correction
1147:Carbonless
995:Developers
578:2009-12-22
557:2011-10-14
536:2009-12-22
508:References
482:Photograph
448:Technology
441:outgassing
385:Museum mat
331:-free and
286:Protection
269:watercolor
230:, and the
186:rice paper
147:Decoration
2100:Sandpaper
2023:Newsprint
2018:Newspaper
1992:Wallpaper
1939:Financial
1826:Paper cup
1821:Paper bag
1674:Notebooks
1659:Cardboard
1442:Wood pulp
1410:Materials
1386:Wood-free
1361:Wallpaper
1356:Tree-free
1296:Red rosin
1281:Parchment
1266:Onionskin
1261:Newsprint
1122:Cartridge
1117:Cardstock
1112:Cardboard
1062:Acid-free
657:255890495
426:dark room
409:Acid-free
265:gold leaf
142:Functions
2064:Quilling
2044:Confetti
2028:Pamphlet
2013:Magazine
1961:Passbook
1946:Banknote
1925:Postcard
1915:Notebook
1872:Wet wipe
1806:Envelope
1762:products
1707:Category
1664:Clothing
1582:Industry
1518:Deinking
1508:Calender
1465:Grammage
1351:Transfer
1316:Security
1189:Glassine
1092:Blotting
1067:Air-laid
1025:Scholars
620:13330754
477:Foamcore
467:Archival
461:See also
437:buffered
433:foamcore
364:mat burn
325:archival
292:archival
255:inks. A
169:American
161:moulding
1845:Hygiene
1717:Commons
1669:Tissues
1460:Density
1437:Papyrus
1396:Writing
1346:Tracing
1336:Thermal
1311:Scritta
1306:Rolling
1271:Origami
1234:Butcher
1169:Display
1137:Contact
1102:Bristol
1077:Asphalt
982:Damjing
976:Cai Lun
947:History
881:YouTube
389:rag mat
314:pastels
181:leather
116:matting
90:In the
1956:Coupon
1905:Letter
1857:Napkin
1781:Carton
1599:Europe
1594:Canada
1341:Tissue
1251:Manila
1224:Korean
1219:Ingres
1214:Inkjet
1127:Coated
1107:Carbon
1082:Banana
858:
844:
830:
816:
682:Dec 3,
655:
645:
618:
608:
424:(i.e.
345:hinged
333:lignin
309:Photos
305:mildew
209:fumage
157:fillet
153:laymen
35:, and
2073:Other
2001:Media
1759:Paper
1609:Japan
1604:India
1371:Wasli
1366:Washi
1326:Stone
1256:Mummy
1246:Lokta
1229:Kraft
1209:India
1194:Graph
1164:CrĂŞpe
1087:Bible
1072:Amate
1055:Types
922:Paper
602:44–45
513:Notes
403:paper
337:mylar
318:chalk
261:panel
250:is a
236:panel
217:brass
173:linen
112:paper
104:mount
102:, or
100:matte
37:Matte
33:Mount
2090:Form
2008:Book
1637:Uses
1626:List
1401:Xuan
1391:Wove
1321:Seed
1301:Rice
1241:Laid
1204:Hemp
1142:Copy
1097:Bond
856:ISBN
842:ISBN
828:ISBN
814:ISBN
684:2013
653:OCLC
643:ISBN
616:OCLC
606:ISBN
329:acid
301:mold
252:line
248:line
242:. A
228:line
177:silk
98:(or
1987:Mat
1776:Box
1381:Wax
1331:Tar
879:on
411:or
397:or
387:or
316:or
303:or
294:or
290:In
259:or
246:or
234:or
226:or
188:).
175:or
120:mat
106:in
96:mat
29:Mat
2122::
1174:DĂł
935:/
791:.
773:.
755:.
737:.
719:.
701:.
651:.
641:.
639:32
614:.
604:.
596:.
357:pH
307:.
275:.
61:A
31:,
1751:e
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914:e
907:t
900:v
795:.
777:.
759:.
741:.
723:.
705:.
686:.
659:.
622:.
581:.
560:.
539:.
339:"
46:.
39:.
20:)
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