669:. This design is similar to his earlier "hot-blast" design, except that the oxygen-depleted hot combustion byproducts are redirected and prevented from recirculating back to the burner by redesigning the intake products, so that only oxygen-rich, fresh air is drawn from the atmosphere into the lamp ("the inlets for fresh air are placed out of the ascending current of products of combustion, and said products are thereby prevented from entering "). The primary benefit of this design compared to the earlier "hot-blast" design was to maximize the amount of oxygen available for combustion by ensuring that only fresh air is supplied to the burner, thereby increasing the brightness and stability of the flame.
409:, that is made of a wide, flat wick rolled into a tube, the seam of which is then stitched together to form the complete wick. The tubular wick is then mounted into a "carrier", which is some form of a toothed rack that engages into the gears of the wick-raising mechanism of the burner and allows the wick to be raised and lowered. The wick rides in between the inner and outer wick tubes; the inner wick tube (central draft tube) provides the "central draft" or draft that supplies air to the flame spreader. When the lamp is lit, the central draft tube supplies air to the flame spreader that spreads out the flame into a ring of
660:. As noted in the patent, the "novel mode of constructing a lantern whereby the wind, instead of acting upon the flame in such a manner as to extinguish it, serves to support or sustain and prevent the extinguishment thereof." This improvement essentially redirected wind which might normally tend to extinguish the flame of an unprotected dead-flame lantern, instead is redirected, slowed, pre-heated, and supplied to the burner to actually support and promote the combustion of the fuel.
289:. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the kerosene; the top part of the wick extends out of the wick tube of the lamp burner, which includes a wick-adjustment mechanism. Adjusting how much of the wick extends above the wick tube controls the flame. The wick tube surrounds the wick and ensures that the correct amount of air reaches the lamp burner. Adjustment is usually done by means of a small knob operating a cric, which is a toothed metal
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cooling effect and keeps the mantle from over heating. Without a properly installed chimney, a definite safety condition exists. This is even more important if using
Aladdin lamps. They also have a thinner chimney to induce a faster air-flow. This information should be adhered to regardless of the type of lantern in use.
119:
Kerosene lamps are widely used for lighting in rural areas of Africa and Asia, where electricity is not distributed or is too costly. As of 2005, kerosene and other fuel-based illumination methods consume an estimated 77 billion litres (20 billion US gallons) of fuel per year, equivalent to
682:
Contamination of lamp fuel with even a small amount of gasoline results in a lower flash point and higher vapor pressure for the fuel, with potentially dangerous consequences. Vapors from spilled fuel may ignite; vapor trapped above liquid fuel may lead to excess pressure and fires. Kerosene lamps
626:
A kerosene lantern, also known as a "barn lantern" or "hurricane lantern", is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They are made of soldered or crimped-together sheet-metal stampings, with tin-plated sheet steel being the most common material, followed by brass and copper. There are
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at which they operate, do not produce much odor, except when first lit or extinguished. Like flat- and round-wick lamps, they can be adjusted for brightness; however, caution must be used, because if set too high, the lamp chimney and the mantle can become covered with black areas of soot. A lamp
281:
The chimney is used for a more important duty. The mantle/wick holder has holes around the outer edges. When the lantern is lit and a chimney is attached, the thermally induced draft draws air through these holes and passes over the top of the mantle, just as a chimney in your house. This has a
646:
The earliest portable kerosene "glass globe" lanterns, of the 1850s and 1860s, were of the dead-flame type, meaning that it had an open wick, but the airflow to the flame was strictly controlled in an upward motion by a combination of vents at the bottom of the burner and an open topped chimney.
115:
lamps, among other manufacturers. They produce more light per unit of fuel than wick-type lamps, but are more complex and expensive in construction and more complex to operate. A hand-pump pressurizes air, which forces liquid fuel from a reservoir into a gas chamber. Vapor from the chamber burns,
650:
Later lanterns, such as the hot-blast and cold-blast lanterns, took this airflow control even further by partially or fully enclosing the wick in a "deflector" or "burner cone" and then channeling the air to be supplied for combustion at the wick while at the same time pre-heating the air for
312:
This type of lamp was very widely used by railways, both on the front and rear of trains and for hand signals, due to its reliability. At a time when there were few competing light sources at night outside major towns, the limited brightness of these lamps was adequate and could be seen at
270:. If this type of lamp is broken, it can easily start a fire. A flat-wick lamp has a fuel tank (fount), with the lamp burner attached. Attached to the fuel tank, four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced
547:
lamp, kerosene was vaporized by a secondary burner, which pressurized the kerosene tank that supplied the central draught. Like all gas mantle lamps, the only purpose of the burner is to hold the flame that heats the mantle, which is 4-5 times as bright as the wick itself. The
627:
three types: dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast. Both hot-blast and cold-blast designs are called tubular lanterns and are safer than dead-flame lamps, as tipping over a tubular lantern cuts off the oxygen flow to the burner and will extinguish the flame within seconds.
405:, works in the same manner as the flat-wick lamp. The burner is equipped with a tall glass chimney, of around 12 inches (300 mm) tall or taller, to provide the powerful draft this lamp requires to burn properly. The burner uses a wick, usually made of
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mantle. These lamps were popular from 1882 until shortly after WWII, when rural electrification made them obsolete. Aladdin Lamps is the only maker of this style lamp today. Even they, are now marketing electric fixtures that fit the old style lamps.
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941:
It is worth noting that the terms "hot-blast" and "cold-blast" do not appear directly in either of John Irvin's patents. It is likely these terms came into use later or were possibly marketing terms invented by sellers of kerosene
96:. There are three types of kerosene lamp: flat-wick, central-draft (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. Kerosene lanterns meant for portable use have a flat wick and are made in dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast variants.
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1405:
520:. Mantle lamps typically use fuel faster than a flat-wick lamp, but slower than a center-draft round-wick, as they depend on a small flame heating a mantle, rather than having all the light coming from the flame itself.
120:
8.0 million gigajoules (1.3 million barrels of oil equivalent) per day. This is comparable to annual U.S. jet-fuel consumption of 76 billion litres (20 billion US gallons) per year.
711:
Flat-wick lamps have the lowest light output, center-draft round-wick lamps have 3â4 times the output of flat-wick lamps, and pressurized lamps have higher output yet; the range is from 8 to 100
523:
Mantle lamps are nearly always bright enough to benefit from a lampshade, and a few mantle lamps may be enough to heat a small building in cold weather. Mantle lamps, because of the higher
695:
considers kerosene to be a polluting fuel and recommends that âgovernments and practitioners immediately stop promoting its household useâ. Kerosene smoke contains high levels of harmful
309:
in the wick draws more kerosene up from the fuel tank. All kerosene flat-wick lamps use the dead-flame burner design, where the flame is fed cold air from below, and hot air exits above.
143:
for lighting, distilled from coal. Later made from petroleum, kerosene became a popular lighting fuel. Modern and most popular versions of the paraffin lamp were later constructed by
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516:(glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. Mantle lamps are considerably brighter than flat- or round-wick lamps, produce a whiter light and generate more
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set too high will burn off its soot harmlessly if quickly turned down, but if not caught soon enough, the soot itself can ignite, and a "runaway lamp" condition can result.
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A variation on the "central-draft" lamp is the mantle lamp. The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped mesh made of fabric placed over the burner. The mantle typically contains
2212:
715:. A kerosene lamp producing 37 lumens for 4 hours per day for a month (120 hours) consumes about 3 litres (6.3 US pt; 5.3 imp pt) of kerosene.
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This had the effect of removing side-to-side drafts and thus significantly reducing or even eliminating the flickering that can occur with an exposed flame.
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of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light, which is brighter than an open flame would produce.
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are still extensively used in areas without electrical lighting; the cost and dangers of combustion lighting are a continuing concern in many countries.
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The hot-blast design, also known as a "tubular lantern" due to the metal tubes used in its construction, was invented by John H. Irwin and was
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bearing against the wick. If the wick is too high, and extends beyond the burner cone at the top of the wick tube, the lamp will produce
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128:
In 1813, John Tilley invented the hydro-pneumatic blowpipe. In 1818, William Henry Tilley, gas fitters, was manufacturing gas lamps in
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beacons for navigation of ships, brighter and with lower fuel consumption than oil lamps used before. An early version of the
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301:(unburned carbon). When the lamp is lit, the kerosene that the wick has absorbed burns and produces a clear, bright, yellow
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Burning opportunity : clean household energy for health, sustainable development, and wellbeing of women and children
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Burning opportunity : clean household energy for health, sustainable development, and wellbeing of women and children
699:, and household use of kerosene is associated with higher risks of cancer, respiratory infections, asthma, tuberculosis,
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1066:"LIX. Description of a hydro-pneumatic blow-pipe for the use of chemists, enamellers, assayers, and glass-blowers"
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Swiss flat-wick kerosene lamp. The knob protruding to the right adjusts the wick, and hence the flame size.
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274:. The glass chimney needs a "throat", or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete
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as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held
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in 1853. It was a significant improvement over lamps designed to burn vegetable or sperm oil.
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Technologies and
Innovations for Development: Scientific Cooperation for a Sustainable Future
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Oil lamp output in candlepower (CP), lumens and incandescent electric watts equivalent
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In 1919, Tilley High-Pressure Gas
Company started using kerosene as a fuel for lamps.
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All unpressurized mantle lamps are based on the Argand lamp that was improved by the
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76:, they are useful for lighting without electricity, such as in regions without
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Distributional
Impacts of Energy Policies in India: Implications for Equity
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1381:, John H. Irwin, "Improvement in lanterns", issued 1869-05-04
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590: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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457: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
271:
69:
1403:, John H. Irwin, "Improvement in lamps", issued 1873-05-06
1912:
1870:
1421:"Kerosene lamps and cookstovesâThe hazards of gasoline contamination"
1340:
Lighthouses & Keepers: The U.S. Lighthouse
Service and Its Legacy
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1193:"Ignacy Ĺukasiewicz (1822â1882) â Polish pharmacist and Prometheus"
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Large fixed pressurized kerosene mantle lamps were used in
116:
heating a mantle to incandescence and also providing heat.
1361:"Tubular Oil Lanterns â Frequently Asked Questions"
663:
Later, Irwin improved upon this design by inventing and
266:
lamp, which burns kerosene drawn up through a wick by
962:
Jean-Claude Bolay, Alexandre Schmid, Gabriela Tejada
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sufficient distance to serve as a warning or signal.
27:
Type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel
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1419:Shepherd, Joseph E.; Perez, Frank A. (April 2008).
1238:"How to date your ColemanÂŽ Lamp, Lantern and Stove"
1163:"Pharmacist Introduces Kerosene Lamp, Saves Whales"
1040:"Jet fuel consumption by country, around the world"
1491:. Geneva, Switzerland. p. 49. Archived from
986:"ENVIRONMENT: The Specter of Fuel-Based Lighting"
285:The lamp burner has a flat wick, usually made of
1579:Information on Dietz Kerosene Lamps and Lanterns
1456:. Geneva, Switzerland. p. X. Archived from
666:patenting his cold-blast design on May 6, 1873
1609:
1363:. W. T. Kirkman Lanterns, Inc. Archived from
8:
552:is the direct descendant of this type lamp.
1534:"Lumens to watts (W) conversion calculator"
1293:Grace's Guide To British Industrial History
361:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
216:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1717:
1616:
1602:
1594:
1505:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1470:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
491:Incandescent Petroleum Vapour Installation
397:"Central-draft" tubular-wick kerosene lamp
878:2-1/2" round "Firelight" or "store" lamp
606:Learn how and when to remove this message
473:Learn how and when to remove this message
381:Learn how and when to remove this message
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
717:
72:may be used for portable lighting. Like
955:
934:
317:Central-draft (tubular round wick) lamp
1574:Information on blinking kerosene lamps
1498:
1463:
1199:. Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
413:and allows the lamp to burn cleanly.
262:A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of
7:
588:adding citations to reliable sources
455:adding citations to reliable sources
359:adding citations to reliable sources
214:adding citations to reliable sources
162:pressure lamp was introduced by the
1584:Making and Repairing Kerosene Lamps
1101:Principles of Tilley lamp operation
493:, which produced the light for the
1523:Stanford University, 2011 page 36.
1485:World Health Organization (2016).
1450:World Health Organization (2016).
1215:The Terrence Marsh Lantern Gallery
703:, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
25:
2649:History of the petroleum industry
1563:"How to Assemble a Kerosene Lamp"
1211:"Coleman US lanterns 1914 â 1920"
99:Pressurized kerosene lamps use a
1589:Oil Lamp Basics for Survivalists
564:
431:
331:
186:
48:in some countries) is a type of
2133:Parabolic aluminized reflector
1149:Encyclopedia of World Biography
850:1-1/4" round "Dressel Belgian"
575:needs additional citations for
442:needs additional citations for
2078:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
1342:, Naval Institute Press, 2004
489:An 85 mm Chance Brothers
1:
1437:10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.08.001
2323:Automotive light bulb types
2173:Intelligent street lighting
1242:The Old Town Coleman Center
1064:Tilley, John (April 1814).
2690:
2086:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
1070:The Philosophical Magazine
984:Mills, E. (May 27, 2005).
420:
320:
305:. As the kerosene burns,
139:invented a substitute for
2525:Stage lighting instrument
1111:October 27, 2016, at the
1082:10.1080/14786441408638024
693:World Health Organization
401:A central-draft lamp, or
2586:Battlefield illumination
2343:high-intensity discharge
1775:Electrochemiluminescence
1315:"Aladdin Kerosene Lamps"
822:2Ă 1", 1-1/16", 1-1/8"
495:Sumburgh Head lighthouse
147:inventor and pharmacist
60:. Kerosene lamps have a
2446:Electroluminescent wire
1519:Narasimha Desirazu Rao
1002:10.1126/science.1113090
657:patented on May 4, 1869
2128:Multifaceted reflector
643:
635:
623:
498:
398:
259:
37:
2518:ellipsoidal reflector
2123:Ellipsoidal reflector
1807:Fluorescent induction
1785:field-induced polymer
1495:on November 24, 2017.
1460:on November 24, 2017.
1145:"Lukasiewicz, Ignacy"
1127:"The Petroleum Trail"
908:List of light sources
641:
633:
621:
488:
396:
251:
103:; these are known as
78:rural electrification
35:
2355:Rear position lights
2328:Daytime running lamp
2256:Mechanically powered
2143:Aviation obstruction
1401:US patent 138654
1367:on October 29, 2013.
1044:TheGlobalEconomy.com
913:Robert Edwin Newbery
893:12.57 lumens = 1 CP
864:1-1/2" round "Rayo"
584:improve this article
451:improve this article
355:improve this section
253:New Zealand Railways
210:improve this section
137:Abraham Pineo Gesner
2644:Austrian inventions
1763:Electron-stimulated
1567:Antique Lamp Supply
1538:www.rapidtables.com
1425:Fire Safety Journal
1379:US patent 89770
1151:. Encyclopedia.com.
1133:on August 28, 2009.
1096:Tilley lamp Company
996:(5726): 1263â1264.
923:R. E. Dietz Company
720:
2674:Iranian inventions
2606:Luminous gemstones
1780:Electroluminescent
1758:Cathodoluminescent
1217:. January 25, 2018
718:
697:particulate matter
644:
636:
624:
499:
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260:
149:Ignacy Ĺukasiewicz
38:
2659:Polish inventions
2631:
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2148:Balanced-arm lamp
2104:
2103:
1988:Yablochkov candle
1856:Acetylene/Carbide
1826:Radioluminescence
1698:Luminous efficacy
1644:Color temperature
1319:aladdinlamps.info
966:, Springer, 2012
891:
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257:Weka Pass Railway
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52:device that uses
44:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
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2431:Christmas lights
2365:Safety reflector
2360:Reversing lights
2295:Navigation light
2246:Bicycle lighting
2136:
2089:
2081:
2055:
1814:Photoluminescent
1797:Fluorescent lamp
1770:Chemiluminescent
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1686:Bi-pin lamp base
1681:Lightbulb socket
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1288:"Tilley Lamp Co"
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1169:. Archived from
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1129:. Archived from
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1076:(192): 280â284.
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918:Safe bottle lamp
724:Flat-wick width
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556:Kerosene lantern
478:
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268:capillary action
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2591:Bioluminescence
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2234:
2158:Emergency light
2134:
2100:
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1992:
1964:
1935:Magnesium torch
1842:
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1664:Light pollution
1639:Accent lighting
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1173:on June 9, 2019
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596:February 2019
589:
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573:This section
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463:February 2019
456:
452:
446:
445:
440:This section
438:
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408:
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395:
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371:February 2019
364:
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340:This section
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226:February 2019
219:
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195:This section
193:
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158:In 1914, the
156:
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97:
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87:
86:power outages
84:areas during
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:paraffin lamp
43:
42:kerosene lamp
34:
30:
19:
18:Paraffin lamp
2466:Strobe light
2461:Plasma globe
2436:Crackle tube
2426:Bubble light
2387:trafficators
2382:Turn signals
2208:Street light
2163:Gas lighting
2096:Sodium vapor
2068:Metal-halide
1970:Electric arc
1895:
1722:Incandescent
1691:Edison screw
1566:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1493:the original
1487:
1480:
1458:the original
1452:
1445:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1373:
1365:the original
1355:
1339:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1299:November 10,
1297:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1272:November 10,
1270:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1247:November 10,
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1231:
1221:November 10,
1219:. Retrieved
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1131:the original
1121:
1106:Tilley lamps
1090:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
993:
989:
979:
963:
958:
937:
892:
727:Candlepower
710:
690:
681:
662:
653:
651:combustion.
649:
645:
625:
602:
593:
582:Please help
577:verification
574:
538:
530:
522:
500:
490:
469:
460:
449:Please help
444:verification
441:
400:
377:
368:
353:Please help
341:
311:
284:
280:
261:
255:lamp on the
232:
223:
208:Please help
196:
168:
157:
134:
127:
118:
109:Tilley lamps
98:
45:
41:
39:
29:
2611:Signal lamp
2565:Stroboscope
2441:DJ lighting
2377:Stop lights
2348:sealed beam
2300:Searchlight
2040:Xenon flash
1983:Klieg light
1831:Solid-state
1792:Fluorescent
1750:Luminescent
1263:"Our Story"
707:Performance
525:temperature
514:incandesces
497:until 1976.
417:Mantle lamp
403:Argand lamp
323:Argand lamp
82:electrified
2654:Fireplaces
2638:Categories
2555:Grow light
2550:Germicidal
2540:Scientific
2537:Industrial
2493:Floodlight
2479:Theatrical
2421:Blacklight
2416:Aroma lamp
2405:Decorative
2315:Automotive
2305:Solar lamp
2268:Glow stick
2251:Flashlight
2183:Nightlight
2178:Light tube
2153:Chandelier
2110:Stationary
2052:discharge
1978:Carbon arc
1848:Combustion
1714:generation
1712:Methods of
1543:August 27,
1350:, page 34.
950:References
836:2Ă 1-1/2"
687:Inhalation
678:Combustion
642:Cold-blast
622:Dead-flame
545:gas mantle
541:lighthouse
507:rare-earth
423:Gas mantle
276:combustion
101:gas mantle
2621:Reflected
2601:Light art
2513:Spotlight
2498:Footlight
2483:Cinematic
2451:Lava lamp
2213:in the US
2118:Reflector
2035:Xenon arc
2016:Neon lamp
1945:Rushlight
1925:Limelight
1674:Hong Kong
1501:cite book
1466:cite book
1197:polska.pl
1026:129749450
1010:0036-8075
974:page 308.
634:Hot-blast
505:or other
342:does not
197:does not
141:whale oil
135:In 1846,
92:, and on
90:campsites
74:oil lamps
2669:Oil lamp
2333:Headlamp
2273:Headlamp
2261:Tactical
2239:Portable
2220:Torchère
1901:Petromax
1896:Kerosene
1866:Campfire
1836:LED lamp
1632:Concepts
1625:Lighting
1109:Archived
1049:June 26,
1018:15919979
897:See also
794:7/8"â1"
701:cataract
291:sprocket
264:kerosene
105:Petromax
70:lanterns
54:kerosene
50:lighting
2616:Sources
2570:Tanning
2456:Marquee
2401:Display
2285:Lantern
2278:outdoor
2230:Troffer
2073:ceramic
1930:Luchina
1908:Lantern
1801:compact
1799: (
1735:Halogen
1730:Regular
1324:June 8,
1267:Coleman
1177:June 9,
990:Science
903:Candles
808:1-1/2"
730:Lumens
503:thorium
363:removed
348:sources
218:removed
203:sources
124:History
113:Coleman
2338:hidden
2203:Sconce
2028:Sulfur
2023:Plasma
1955:Tilley
1950:Safety
1913:Fanous
1876:Carcel
1871:Candle
1861:Argand
1740:Nernst
1669:Hawaii
1407:
1385:
1346:
1024:
1016:
1008:
970:
942:lamps.
842:628.5
733:Watts
713:lumens
673:Safety
407:cotton
287:cotton
145:Polish
66:mantle
2596:Laser
2508:Scoop
2135:(PAR)
2088:(HQI)
2080:(HMI)
2054:(HID)
1960:Torch
1918:Paper
1886:Flare
1654:Glare
1022:S2CID
929:Notes
884:3771
873:66.6
870:1000
817:16.7
803:10.1
780:3/4"
766:5/8"
752:1/2"
738:3/8"
510:salts
303:flame
295:smoke
272:draft
173:Types
151:, in
111:, or
94:boats
88:, at
80:, in
56:as a
2503:Gobo
2011:Neon
1881:Diya
1545:2017
1507:link
1472:link
1344:ISBN
1326:2021
1301:2022
1274:2022
1249:2022
1223:2022
1179:2019
1051:2021
1014:PMID
1006:ISSN
968:ISBN
887:251
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828:377
814:251
800:151
789:8.3
786:125
775:7.5
772:113
761:5.9
747:3.3
691:The
518:heat
411:fire
346:any
344:cite
299:soot
297:and
201:any
199:cite
153:Lviv
62:wick
58:fuel
1940:Oil
1891:Gas
1433:doi
1078:doi
998:doi
994:308
867:80
859:56
853:67
845:42
839:50
831:25
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586:by
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