112:, Social Security with a parental dividend would remove the burden of paying for retirement twice, first in payroll taxes for one's own retirement through the US Social Security System, and simultaneously paying for the retirement of one's parents receiving low Social Security benefits thanks to their own opportunity costs of childcare. The concept links expenses associated with raising children, especially the opportunity costs of lost wages, to workers' time outside the work force resulting in reduced Social Security benefits. In this way, the parental dividend seeks to address a potential financial problem in the current US Social Security system, namely that the largest Social Security payments currently go to retirees who spent the least amount of time raising children.
22:
92:(1997). The proposal has been described as an atypical feminist approach to solving crises of the American family unit by relying on market forces. According to sociologist David Popenoe on the topic of the parental dividend, “We should launch a society wide discussion of what would be the most far-reaching family policy of all: restructuring the national Social Security system.”
100:
Parental dividend theory is based on the idea that the future productivity of children can be helped or harmed by Social
Security payments made in real-time by families to retirees. Financial knock-on effects of the parental dividend depend on a link between the long term successes of children and
76:
system with one that preferentially rewards parental labor and investment. While the current US Social
Security system collects payroll taxes from working adults and redistributes them to retirees in amounts based on pre-retirement earnings, the parental dividend is a retirement benefit calculated
101:
the amount of time parents spend rearing them. The greater the parental investment in terms of time and money, the greater a child's income is likely to be in adulthood. By changing the financial system supporting Social
Security to preferentially assist parents in
105:, the work and costs of parenting become valuable and children raised in this environment would have a greater potential to earn more as adults, therefore resulting in greater retirement benefits for their parents.
71:
is a policy proposal first suggested by economist
Shirley P. Burggraf during a Bunting Fellowship at Radcliffe College. It proposes replacing the current generalized labor market funding apparatus of the
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Wolf, Douglas A.; Lee, Ronald D.; Miller, Timothy; Donehower, Gretchen; Genest, Alexandre (2011).
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The
Feminine Economy and Economic Man: Reviving the Role of the Family in the Postindustrial Age
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Marriage and the
Economy: Theory and Evidence from Advanced Industrial Societies
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Marriage and the economy theory and evidence from advanced industrial societies
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The
Feminine Economy and Economic Man: Reviving the Role of the Family in the
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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
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America's
Demographic Tapestry: Baseline for the New Millennium
161:"The Feminine Economy and Economic Man. - Free Online Library"
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188:(Updated ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
705:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 336.
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Shirley P. Burggraf's parental dividend is described in
278:. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 52.
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according to the income of one's own adult children.
605:"WHAT IS A HOMEMAKER'S WORTH TO SOCIETY? NOT MUCH"
699:Grossbard-Shechtman, Shoshana (April 28, 2003).
384:"The limitations of markets: Background essay"
8:
473:Grossbard-Shechtman, Shoshana (1998-07-01).
446:Hughes, James W.; Seneca, Joseph J. (1999).
257:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
549:"Fiscal Externalities of Becoming a Parent"
64:Theoretical social security policy proposal
629:Lewis, Margaret; Peterson, Janice (2012).
524:"Sun Journal - Google News Archive Search"
272:Peterson, Janice; Lewis, Margaret (2001).
840:Taxes promoting marriage and reproduction
664:Grossbard-Shechtman, Shoshana A. (2003).
632:The Elgar companion to feminist economics
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275:The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics
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475:"The Feminine Economy and Economic Man"
307:"Learn About Retirement Benefits | SSA"
209:Ball, Debra A.; Periard (Winter 1996).
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131:"The Intergenerational Welfare State"
129:Folbre, Nancy; Wolf, Douglas (2013).
108:According to economists Burggraf and
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733:Murray, Stephanie H. (2021-10-03).
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553:Population and Development Review
135:Population and Development Review
565:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00410.x
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670:. Cambridge University Press.
479:The Journal of Socio-Economics
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491:10.1016/S1053-5357(98)80009-7
452:. Rutgers University Press.
227:10.3998/mfr.4919087.0002.210
506:"Is There a Caring Crisis?"
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735:"The Social Security Trap"
510:Yale Journal on Regulation
184:Burggraf, Shirley (1997).
236:2027/spo.4919087.0002.210
35:toward certain viewpoints
413:Eastern Economic Journal
504:Wax, Amy (1999-01-01).
388:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de
815:Postindustrial society
407:King, Mary C. (1998).
382:Goodwin, Neva (2005).
215:Michigan Family Review
165:www.thefreelibrary.com
338:archive.nytimes.com
110:Grossbard-Shechtman
89:Post-Industrial Age
41:improve the article
765:Feminist economics
74:US Social Security
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611:. 30 January 1997
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825:Fatherhood
820:Motherhood
800:Retirement
759:Categories
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170:2022-10-26
116:References
103:retirement
81:Background
33:unbalanced
785:Parenting
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141:: 36–51.
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