1010:, where he faced an Australian military court. Although Lt. Hackney was shown Nishimura's photo, Hackney could not determine that Nishimura was the culprit. However, Nishimura's family members have often said that Nishimura's photo frequently introduced as a war criminal after Pacific War seems to be one of another person. Hiroshi Kato, a former Japanese journalist, claims that this error seems to have already occurred at the Manus Island camp. It is unclear if this photo was the same one Hackney saw, but it is possible that Hackney saw a photo that was already wrong. After all, other evidence was presented stating that Nishimura had ordered the shootings at Parit Sulong and the destruction of bodies. He was convicted and executed by hanging on 11 June 1951.
930:, were immediately subjected to beatings and the killing of those unable to move. The remaining soldiers were herded into a nearby building where they were stripped naked and kept in overcrowded rooms and denied medical attention and water. During this time, Japanese Imperial Guard soldiers beheaded the Indian soldiers and randomly shot at others. After sometime, the remaining soldiers were forced outside where Imperial Guard soldiers kicked and beat the wounded prisoners of war with their rifle butts. At least some of them were tied up with wire in the middle of the road and machine-gunned. The Japanese then poured
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938:"after their incineration...systematically run over, back and forwards, by Japanese driven trucks." Anecdotal accounts by local people also reported POWs being tied together with wire and forced to stand on a bridge, before a Japanese soldier shot one of them, causing the rest to fall into the Simpang Kiri river and drown.
908:
The column was ambushed repeatedly throughout 20 January, however the column eventually came to rest in thick jungle in the evening. On the morning of 21 January, the retreating column continued progress and reached the outskirts of the village of Parit Sulong at 9:30. The village had been in Allied
912:
At 11:00, Anderson led an attack on the village which managed to capture the village, however the local bridge and only means of retreat remained in
Japanese hands. At 17:00 under request from medical officers, Anderson ordered two ambulances loaded with dying men to approach the bridge and request
1029:
pilot who had been ill-treated as a POW in
Sumatra—had "manipulated" evidence to implicate Nishimura. Ward states that Godwin took no action on the testimony of Lieutenant Fujita Seizaburo, who reportedly took responsibility for the Parit Sulong massacre. Fujita was not charged and his fate is
916:
With all attempts to capture the bridge failing, Anderson ordered all able-bodied soldiers to disperse into the jungle and return to Allied lines. Approximately 150 Australian and Indian soldiers were too seriously injured to move, and under the command of
Captain Rewi Snelling, were left to
909:
hands up until 19 January, when the local
British detachment retreated into the jungle. The village was now firmly in Japanese hands, with units prepared to attack the retreating column which by now was low on ammunition, food and water.
970:
feigned death and managed to escape. He crawled through the countryside for six weeks with two broken legs, before he was recaptured. Hackney survived internment in
Japanese POW camps, and was part of the labour force on the notorious
994:. Following the war, he was tried by a British military court in relation to the Sook Ching massacre. Nishimura received a life sentence, of which he served four years. As he returned to Japan, Nishimura was removed from a ship at
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Upon the departure of
Anderson and all able-bodied soldiers, Snelling approached the Japanese and offered his surrender along with all the remaining soldiers. The approximately 150 Australian and Indian soldiers, now
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MacKay's
Betrayal: Solving the Mystery of the "Sado Island Prisoner-of-War Massacre" The Journal of Military History - Volume 71, Number 2, April 2007, pp. 441-464
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in 2007 subsequently showed that the evidence that purported to indict James Godwin was a later fabrication created to further political causes in the 1990s.
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Hadley, Gregory.; Oglethorpe, James. (April 2007). "MacKay's
Betrayal: Solving the Mystery of the "Sado Island Prisoner-of-War Massacre"".
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surrender to
Japanese forces. Some accounts estimate that as many as 300 Allied troops were taken prisoner at Parit Sulong.
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unknown. Extensive research conducted by
Professor Gregory Hadley and James Oglethorpe and published in the
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of the Imperial Japanese Army, who was tried and hanged by Australia in relation to the massacre in 1951.
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Lieutenant Ben Hackney of the 2/29th Australian Battalion, one of only two men to survive the massacre.
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in Singapore. Nishimura retired from the Japanese army in 1942 and was made military Governor of
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passage to friendly lines. However, the Japanese officer at the bridge refused this request.
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on 26 September 1945. Some of the gear of some 133 Australian and Indian troops
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and charged in relation to the Parit Sulong massacre. Nishimura was taken to
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over the bodies, with some still alive, and set them alight. According to
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Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, "Godwin, James Gowing 1923 - 1995"
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901:. The retreating column consisted of seven officers and 190 men of the
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summarily executed approximately 150 wounded Australian and Indian
953:
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1021:, which suggested that the Australian Army prosecutor, Captain
227:
1305:
The Bridge at Parit Sulong – An Investigation of Mass Murder
1072:. United Kingdom: Hambledon Continuum. pp. 172–175.
1391:
World War II prisoner of war massacres by Imperial Japan
1161:
Singapore Burning: Heroism and Surrender in World War II
1320:
The Japanese Thrust – Australia in the War of 1939-1945
982:, was later in charge of occupation forces in eastern
1187:, 13 September 2004). Access date: 16 February 2007.
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34:
1183:Tony Stephens, "The killing field at The Bridge" (
1371:Military history of Australia during World War II
882:at 7:00 on 20 January 1942, soldiers of both the
1097:. Australia: Newsouth Publishing. p. 96.
978:The commander of the Imperial Guards, Lt Gen.
1276:Savage Jungle – An Epic Struggle for Survival
1215:(Media Masters Publishers, Singapore, 1996);
239:
87:
8:
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62:still littered on both sides of the road at
1123:Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941-1945
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1070:Britain's Greatest Defeat: Singapore, 1942
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1163:. United Kingdom: Penguin Books Limited.
1125:. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.
70:by the Japanese can be seen on the left.
27:1942 massacre in British Malaya by Japan
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897:embarked on a fighting withdrawal from
344:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
1356:Japanese war crimes in British Malaya
854:on 22 January 1942 in the village of
7:
1339:"The Game of Love: Battle of Malaya"
986:. He was indirectly involved in the
1149:, Penguin Books, Melbourne, p. 101.
190:Approximately 150 soldiers of the
25:
1307:, The Watermark Press, Boorowa.
95:Parit Sulong Massacre (Malaysia)
86:
79:
1278:, Simon & Schuster, Sydney.
1231:The Journal of Military History
1219:. Access date: 16 February 2007
1013:In 1996, Australian journalist
895:Charles Groves Wright Anderson
1:
1337:Bedi, Harchand Singh (2015).
1044:List of massacres in Malaysia
1300:, Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst.
1271:, Penguin Books, Melbourne,
888:45th Indian Infantry Brigade
850:committed by members of the
196:45th Indian Infantry Brigade
1032:Journal of Military History
1027:Royal New Zealand Air Force
968:Australian 2/29th Battalion
903:2/29th Australian battalion
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784:Burma campaign (1944–1945)
699:Burma campaign (1942–1943)
633:Japanese invasion of Burma
159:January 22, 1942
1093:Blackburn, Kevin (2012).
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1298:Massacre at Parit Sulong
1267:Braddon, Russell, 1951,
1201:. 朱鳥社. pp. 180–181.
1199:大東亜戦争とマレー、昭南、英領ボルネオ虐殺の真相
864:Imperial Guards Division
257:South-East Asian Theater
210:Imperial Guards Division
1318:Wigmore, Lionel, 1957,
1303:Silver, Lynette, 2004,
1213:Snaring the Other Tiger
1145:Russell Braddon, 1951,
1095:The Sportsmen of Changi
1019:Snaring the Other Tiger
1008:Territory of New Guinea
884:Australian 8th Division
791:Meiktila & Mandalay
192:Australian 8th Division
1366:1942 in British Malaya
1121:Pike, Francis (2016).
966:Lt Ben Hackney of the
963:
951:
852:Imperial Japanese Army
626:Burma, India and China
1386:Massacres in Malaysia
1274:Findlay, Iain, 1991,
1243:10.1353/jmh.2007.0118
1185:Sydney Morning Herald
1159:Smith, Colin (2005).
1068:Warren, Alan (2002).
957:
949:
890:under the command of
870:who had surrendered.
841:Parit Sulong Massacre
723:Burma campaign (1944)
388:Parit Sulong Massacre
212:under the command of
140:1.98167°N 102.87833°E
35:Parit Sulong Massacre
18:Parit Sulong massacre
1287:2 March 2017 at the
588:Cocos Islands mutiny
561:Homfreyganj massacre
327:Malaya and Singapore
1381:January 1942 events
988:Sook Ching massacre
892:Lieutenant Colonel
556:Andaman and Nicobar
136: /
60:45th Indian Brigade
964:
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862:. Soldiers of the
578:Easter Sunday Raid
145:1.98167; 102.87833
1361:Massacres in 1942
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660:Yunnan-Burma Road
408:Dutch East Indies
299:August Revolution
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960:Takuma Nishimura
928:prisoners of war
868:prisoners of war
613:2nd Indian Ocean
608:14 February 1944
598:13 November 1943
573:1st Indian Ocean
568:Christmas Island
551:Japanese raiders
530:27 February 1941
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1237:(2): 441–464.
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856:Parit Sulong
840:
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828:Sittang Bend
816:
755:Tennis Court
618:17 July 1944
544:
540:
523:Indian Ocean
508:North Borneo
488:2nd Java Sea
478:Sunda Strait
473:1st Java Sea
466:
387:
354:
294:Coup de main
202:Perpetrators
107:Parit Sulong
64:Parit Sulong
46:World War II
40:Part of the
29:
1326:, Canberra.
899:Bukit Bakri
878:During the
692:Yenangyaung
640:Bilin River
493:8 June 1945
177:Mass murder
172:Attack type
143: /
131:102°52′42″E
118:Coordinates
1350:Categories
1262:References
1211:Ian Ward,
1079:1852855975
1025:—a former
1017:published
777:Mount Song
583:Madagascar
535:8 May 1941
513:Balikpapan
498:2nd Borneo
430:Balikpapan
415:1st Borneo
373:Slim River
163:1942-01-22
1251:159847866
1050:Footnotes
996:Hong Kong
984:Singapore
942:Aftermath
848:war crime
767:Myitkyina
735:Admin Box
682:Shwedaung
450:Palembang
319:Air raids
181:war crime
128:1°58′54″N
68:massacred
1296:, 1996,
1285:Archived
1038:See also
1015:Ian Ward
958:General
921:Incident
886:and the
845:Japanese
801:Hill 170
750:Sangshak
716:Chindits
711:The Hump
655:Taukkyan
545:Kormoran
334:Invasion
314:Invasion
307:Thailand
289:Invasion
282:Ko Chang
103:Location
1006:in the
992:Sumatra
874:Prelude
817:Dracula
796:Pakokku
772:Mogaung
675:Toungoo
665:Tachiao
593:Réunion
503:Tarakan
467:Langley
445:Sumatra
425:Tarakan
355:Krohcol
161: (
1311:
1249:
1167:
1129:
1101:
1076:
932:petrol
843:was a
760:Kohima
745:Imphal
706:Arakan
670:Oktwin
541:Sydney
420:Manado
368:Kampar
187:Deaths
1247:S2CID
687:Prome
460:Timor
435:Ambon
395:Endau
378:Gemas
363:Gurun
349:Jitra
1309:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1074:ISBN
839:The
740:U Go
650:Pegu
483:Java
465:USS
383:Muar
194:and
156:Date
1324:AWM
1239:doi
543:vs
44:in
1352::
1322:,
1245:.
1235:71
1233:.
1113:^
1058:^
858:,
179:,
109:,
1315:.
1253:.
1241::
1173:.
1135:.
1107:.
1082:.
247:e
240:t
233:v
165:)
20:)
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