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1368:; the committee planned to conduct sit-down demonstrations in central London and at nuclear bases around the UK. Russell said that the demonstrations were necessary because the press had become indifferent to the CND and large-scale, direct action could force the government to change its policy. One hundred prominent people, many in the arts, attached their names to the organization. Large numbers of demonstrators were essential to their strategy but police violence, the arrest and imprisonment of demonstrators, and preemptive arrests for conspiracy diminished support. Although several prominent people took part in sit-down demonstrations (including Russell, whose imprisonment at age 89 was widely reported), many of the 100 signatories were inactive.
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recuperate. He argued in many newspaper articles that capitalism would discourage warfare because, "If every man who manufactures an article would make the very best he can in the very best way at the very lowest possible price the world would be kept out of war, for commercialists would not have to search for outside markets which the other fellow covets." Ford admitted that munitions makers enjoyed wars, but he argued the typical capitalist wanted to avoid wars to concentrate on manufacturing and selling what people wanted, hiring good workers, and generating steady long-term profits.
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1964:(the Peace Bloc) is a left-wing group which developed from the Jewish-Arab Committee Against Deportations, which protested the deportation without trial of 415 Palestinian activists to Lebanon in December 1992 and put up a protest tent in front of the prime minister's office in Jerusalem for two months until the government allowed the deportees to return. The committee then decided to continue as a general peace movement opposing the occupation and advocating the creation of an independent Palestine side-by-side with Israel in its
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807:. He told the British people in 1940, "I would like you to lay down the arms you have as being useless for saving you or humanity. You will invite Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini to take what they want of the countries you call your possessions ... If these gentlemen choose to occupy your homes, you will vacate them. If they do not give you free passage out, you will allow yourselves man, woman, and child to be slaughtered, but you will refuse to owe allegiance to them."
568:(1793-1814), no formal peace movement was established in Britain until hostilities ended. A significant grassroots peace movement, animated by universalist ideals, emerged from the perception that Britain fought in a reactionary role and the increasingly visible impact of the war on the nation's welfare in the form of higher taxes and casualties. Sixteen peace petitions to Parliament were signed by members of the public; anti-war and anti-
882:(his New York City weekly magazine) on September 28, 1914. The editorial called for an international organization to agree on the arbitration of disputes and guarantee the territorial integrity of its members by maintaining military forces sufficient to defeat those of any non-member. The ensuing debate among prominent internationalists modified Holt's plan to align it more closely with proposals in Great Britain put forth by
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1958:'s hand on the White House lawn, however, Peace Now mobilized strong public support for him. Since Rabin's November 1995 assassination, rallies on the anniversary of his death (organized by the Rabin Family Foundation) have become the Israeli peace movement's main event. Peace Now is currently known for its struggle against the expansion of settlement outposts on the West Bank.
772:. Gandhi saw himself as a disciple of Tolstoy because they agreed on the issues of opposition to state authority and colonialism, loathed violence, and preached non-resistance. However, they differed on political strategy. Gandhi called for political involvement; a nationalist, he was prepared to use nonviolent force but was also willing to compromise.
2338:, with events in about 800 cities. The following month, just before the American- and British-led invasion of Iraq, "The World Says No to War" protest attracted as many as 500,000 protestors to cities across the U.S. After the war ended, many protest organizations persisted because of the American military and corporate presence in Iraq.
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Eastern Europe metamorphosed into genuine peace movements calling not only for détente, but for democracy. According to Hania
Fedorowicz, they played an important role in East Germany and other countries in resurrecting civil society, and helped instigate the successful 1989 peaceful revolutions in Eastern Europe.
1893:. After the Second intifada and Palestinian rejections of peace proposals, Tamar Hermann, director of the Guttman Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at the Israel Democracy Institute said that Israelis began to lose faith in the feasebility of peace although Israelis support the idea of peace.
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The primary function of the
National Peace Council was to provide opportunities for consultation and joint activities by its affiliated members, to help inform public opinion on the issues of the day, and to convey to the government the views of its members. The NPC disbanded in 2000 and was replaced
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A very large peace movement emerged in East and West Europe in the 1980s, primarily in opposition to
American plans to fight the Cold War by stationing nuclear missiles in Europe. Moscow supported the movement behind the scenes, but did not control it. However, communist-sponsored peace movements in
1337:, to demonstrate their opposition to nuclear weapons. The Aldermaston marches continued into the late 1960s, when tens of thousands of people participated in the four-day marches. The CND tapped into the widespread popular fear of, and opposition to, nuclear weapons after the development of the first
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Gandhi came under political fire for his criticism of those who attempted to achieve independence through violence. He responded, "There was a time when people listened to me because I showed them how to give fight to the
British without arms when they had no arms ... but today I am told that my
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Since the
Committee of 100 had a non-hierarchical structure and no formal membership, many local groups assumed the name. Although this helped civil disobedience to spread, it produced policy confusion; as the 1960s progressed, a number of Committee of 100 groups protested against social issues not
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Gandhi later realized that a high level of nonviolence required great faith and courage, which not everyone possessed. He advised that everyone need not strictly adhere to nonviolence, especially if it was a cover for cowardice: "Where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would
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is his body of ideas and principles Gandhi promoted. One of its most important concepts is nonviolent resistance. According to M. M. Sankhdher, Gandhism is not a systematic position in metaphysics or political philosophy but a political creed, an economic doctrine, a religious outlook, a
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across the country, with
Christchurch being a prominent hub. Christchurch was the first city in New Zealand to be declared nuclear-free and became the nation's inaugural peace city in 2002. The city's botanical gardens are home to a world peace bell and a peace train. During the 1980s, the Sumner
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of the affairs of nations, and to create an international institution to achieve it. Richard became the society's full-time secretary in 1850; he held the position for the next 40 years, and became known as the "Apostle of Peace". He helped secure one of the peace movement's earliest victories by
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with the goal of reaching a "bilaterally acceptable" peace agreement between Israel and
Palestine. The movement has worked to build connections with Palestinians, reaching out to women and men from a variety of religions and political backgrounds. Its activities have included a collective hunger
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continued the wars in
Afghanistan and Iraq, attendance at peace marches "declined precipitously". Social scientists Michael T. Heaney and Fabio Rojas noted that from 2007 to 2009, "the largest antiwar rallies shrank from hundreds of thousands of people to thousands, and then to only hundreds."
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Peace movements emerged in Japan, combining in 1954 to form the
Japanese Council Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs. Japanese opposition to the Pacific nuclear-weapons tests was widespread, and an "estimated 35 million signatures were collected on petitions calling for bans on nuclear weapons".
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This small
Pacific nation has a strong aspiration for global peace, rooted in the MÄori principle of Rongomaraeroa (the Long Pathway to Peace). New Zealand women who were part of the suffrage movement played a significant role in establishing the World Court, a permanent arbitration court for
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Popular opposition to nuclear weapons produced a Labour Party resolution for unilateral nuclear disarmament at the 1960 party conference, but the resolution was overturned the following year and did not appear on later agendas. The experience disillusioned many anti-nuclear protesters who had
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The CND advocated the unconditional renunciation of the use, production, or dependence upon nuclear weapons by Britain, and the creation of a general disarmament convention. Although the country was progressing towards de-nuclearization, the CND declared that Britain should halt the flight of
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According to biographer Steven Watts, Ford's status as a leading industrialist gave him a worldview that warfare was wasteful folly that retarded long-term economic growth. The losing side in the war typically suffered heavy damage. Small business were especially hurt, for it takes years to
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was a key supporter who became too ill to join him. Ford talked to President Woodrow Wilson about the mission but had no government support. His group met with peace activists in neutral Sweden and the Netherlands. A target of much ridicule, Ford left the ship as soon as it reached Sweden.
2319:, belated efforts at humanitarian assistance to war-torn regions such as Bosnia and Rwanda, and aid to post-war Iraq. American peace activists brought medicine into Iraq in defiance of U.S. law, resulting in heavy fines and imprisonment for some. The principal groups involved included
1445:: "Linus Carl Pauling, who ever since 1946 has campaigned ceaselessly, not only against nuclear weapons tests, not only against the spread of these armaments, not only against their very use but against all warfare as a means of solving international conflicts." Pauling founded the
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movement sought to educate the public on the inherent risk and cost of Reagan's policy. Outreach to individual citizens in the Soviet Union and mass meetings using satellite-link technology were major parts of peacemaking activity during the 1980s. In 1981, the activist
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peace movement concentrated on the abolition of nuclear technology (particularly nuclear weapons) from West Germany and Europe. Most activists criticized both the United States and the Soviet Union. According to conservative critics, the movement had been infiltrated by
1699:, whose 140 member groups include large city-based coalitions, small grassroots groups, national and local unions and faith, environmental and student groups for a combined membership of over four million. The alliance and its member groups have led opposition to the
235:
Ideas differ about what "peace" is (or should be), which results in a number of movements seeking different ideals of peace. Although "anti-war" movements often have short-term goals, peace movements advocate an ongoing lifestyle and a proactive government policy.
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and Canadian complicity in what it views as misguided and destructive United States foreign policy. Canada has also been home to a growing movement of Palestinian solidarity, marked by an increasing number of grassroots Jewish groups opposed to Israeli policies.
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were particularly vocal in Britain. Polls suggested that without UN Security Council approval, the UK public was opposed to involvement. Over two million people protested in Hyde Park; the previous largest demonstration in the UK had about 600,000 participants.
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and dismantle Israeli settlements there. Peace Now supported Begin for a time and hailed him as a peacemaker, but turned against him when the Sinai withdrawal was accompanied by an accelerated campaign of land confiscation and settlement-building on the
440:(1038). The Truce of God sought to restrain violence by limiting the number of days of the week and times of the year when the nobility was able to employ violence. These peace movements "set the foundations for modern European peace movements."
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and Code Pink warned about what they considered the threat of a "war of an unprecedented scale, this time against Iran", Expressing concern that an attack on Iran with nuclear weapons had "not been ruled out", they called for "the dispute about
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Peace Group, Rangiora Peace Group, and Lyttelton Peace Group were active advocates for peace, supporting various causes such as Citizens for Demilitarisation of Harewood, Campaign Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa, and Anti-Bases Campaign.
1931:. This was originally worded vaguely, with no definition of "the Palestinians" and who represents them. Peace Now was slow to join the dialogue with the PLO begun by groups such as the Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace and the
169:. The political cooperative is an example of an organization which seeks to merge all peace-movement and green organizations; they may have diverse goals, but have the common ideal of peace and humane sustainability. A concern of some
2086:, deeply ingrained the nation's commitment to peace. Military involvement in subsequent conflicts has primarily focused on peacekeeping, non-combat training, logistical support, medical assistance, and post-war reconstruction teams.
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gained many adherents to its pledge "I renounce war and will never support or sanction another." Its support diminished considerably with the outbreak of war in 1939, but it remained the focus of pacifism in the post-war years.
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have a long history in Indian religious and philosophical thought, and have had a number of revivals in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Jewish and Christian contexts. Gandhi explained his philosophy and way of life in his autobiography,
416:, proclaimed in AD 989 at the Council of Charroux) and the Truce of God, which was proclaimed in 1027. The Peace of God was spearheaded by bishops as a response to increasing violence against monasteries after the fall of the
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and the largest political demonstration in American history. International Day of Nuclear-disarmament protests were held on June 20, 1983, at 50 locations across the United States. In 1986, hundreds of people walked from
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urged young Americans not to enlist in the military. Peace movements have become widespread throughout the world since World War II, and their previously-radical beliefs are now a part of mainstream political discourse.
2225:) were powerful enough to cause several of Blair's cabinet to resign and hundreds of Labour MPs to vote against their government. Blair's motion to support the U.S. plan to invade Iraq continued due to support from the
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continued to protest against the Iraq War. Protest methods included rallies and marches, impeachment petitions, the staging of a war-crimes tribunal in New York to investigate crimes and alleged abuses of power by the
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peace movement", or an all-encompassing "anti-war movement". Seen from this perspective, they are often indistinguishable and constitute a loose, responsive, event-driven collaboration between groups motivated by
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the capital of both states. Gush Shalom is also descended from the Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace (ICIPP), founded in 1975. Its founders included a group of dissidents which included Major-General
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1985:, who headed the Zionist Federation in the Netherlands before coming to Israel in 1948 and the former director-general of the Israeli Ministry of Finance and board chair of the Israeli Electricity Company; and
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over Palestinian issues. The ICIPP's founders joined a group of young, grassroots peace activists who had been active against Israeli occupation since 1967. The bridge between them was journalist and former
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By the 1850s, these movements were becoming well organized in the major countries of Europe and North America, reaching middle-class activists beyond the range of the earlier religious connections.
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Pacifism and revulsion to war were popular sentiments in 1920s Britain. A number of novels and poems about the futility of war and the slaughter of youth by old fools were published, including
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The immense loss of life during the First World War for what became known as futile reasons caused a sea-change in public attitudes to militarism. Organizations formed at this time included
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spread primarily via milk from cows which ate contaminated grass. Public pressure and the research results then led to a moratorium on above ground nuclear weapons testing, followed by the
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to the effect that the munitions industry and Wall Street financiers had promoted American entry into World War I to cover their financial investments. The immediate result was a series of
1539:. The conference, entitled "Achieving the Vision of a World Free of Nuclear Weapons", was intended to build consensus between states with and without nuclear weapons in the context of the
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began in February 1991. The ground war ended in less than a week with a lopsided Allied victory, and a media-incited wave of patriotic sentiment washed over the nascent protest movement.
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Kimball, Jeffrey. "The Influence of Ideology on Interpretive Disagreement: A Report on a Survey of Diplomatic, Military and Peace Historians on the Causes of 20th Century U. S. Wars",
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Near the end of the Cold War, U.S. peace activists focused on slowing the nuclear arms race in the hope of reducing the possibility of nuclear war between the U.S. and the USSR. As the
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These movements led to the formation of Green parties in a number of democratic countries in the late 20th century. The peace movement has influenced these parties in countries such as
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Germany developed a strong pacifist movement in the late 19th century; it was suppressed during the Nazi era. After 1945 in East Germany it was controlled by the communist government.
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2437:(1997 Peace Prize) and anti-war groups including the Israeli Committee for a Middle East Free from Atomic, Biological and Chemical Weapons, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,
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was also popular; instead of outright pacifism, the public generally exhibited a determination to stand up to aggression with economic sanctions and multilateral negotiations.
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by France, strengthened the country's nuclear-free stance and garnered bipartisan support. This depth of sentiment remains robust today. As recently as 2024, Foreign Minister
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For over a century Canada has had a diverse peace movement, with coalitions and networks in many cities, towns, and regions. The largest national umbrella organization is the
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1512:. The protest was the largest anti-nuclear rally in the U.S. for several decades. In Britain, there were many protests against the government's proposal to replace the aging
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or against one's government's participation in a war. This lack of clarity (or long-term continuity) has been part of the strategy of those seeking to end a war, such as the
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wrote, "I loathe all armies and any kind of violence, yet I'm firmly convinced that at present these hateful weapons offer the only effective protection." French pacifists
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2186:) led several large demonstrations against the Vietnam War in 1967 and 1968, the first anti-Vietnam demonstration was at the American Embassy in London in 1965. In 1976,
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High-profile opposition to the Vietnam war turned to street protests in an effort to turn U.S. political opinion against the war. The protests gained momentum from the
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peaceful resolution of international disputes. Stories of the horrors recounted by soldiers and nurses returning from both world wars, along with the impact of the
1915:, Peace Now rallies in Tel Aviv (which drew a crowd of 100,000, the largest peace rally in Israel to date) played a major role in his decision to withdraw from the
265:. Those involved in multiple, similar short-term movements develop trust relationships with other participants, and tend to join more-global, long-term movements.
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in 1816 to promote permanent, universal peace. During the 1840s, British women formed 15-to-20 person "Olive Leaf Circles" to discuss and promote pacifist ideas.
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moral precept, and a humanitarian worldview. An effort not to systematize wisdom but to transform society, it is based on faith in the goodness of human nature.
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emphasized the importance of seeking peaceful solutions, highlighting the lesson learned from the Second World War that dialogue is preferable to conflict.
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and the nearby Weedons Stores Depot. Twenty-three individuals were arrested during the clashes. This event could be seen as a precursor to the protests at
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began preparing for war in the region. Peace activists were starting to gain traction with popular rallies, especially on the West Coast, just before the
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Vellacott, Jo. "A place for pacifism and transnationalism in feminist theory: the early work of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."
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Davy, Jennifer Anne. "Pacifist thought and gender ideology in the political biographies of women peace activists in Germany, 1899-1970: introduction."
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In 1965, the movement began to gain national prominence. Provocative actions by police and protesters turned anti-war demonstrations in Chicago at the
792:. Some of his remarks were widely quoted, such as "There are many causes that I am prepared to die for, but no causes that I am prepared to kill for."
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1774:(a Green, and Germany's most popular politician at the time), who sought to limit German involvement in the war on terror. He joined French President
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540:; Wilberforce thought that by following the Christian ideals of peace and brotherhood, strict limits should be imposed on British involvement in the
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The major 18th-century peace movements were products of two schools of thought which coalesced at the end of the century. One, rooted in the secular
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3730:"Strontium-90 Absorption by Deciduous Teeth: Analysis of teeth provides a practicable method of monitoring strontium-90 uptake by human populations"
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918:(the first woman elected to Congress) was another advocate of pacifism, and the only person to vote "no" on the U.S. entrance into both world wars.
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2386:, bringing Iraqi women to the U.S. to tell their side of the story, independent filmmaking, high-profile appearances by anti-war activists such as
1543:. In May 2010, 25,000 people (including members of peace organizations and 1945 atomic-bomb survivors) marched for about two kilometers from lower
1119:. Activists on the left often put their pacifism on pause in order to help the war effort of the Spanish government. Shortly after the war ended,
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2398:, resisting military recruiting on college campuses, withholding taxes, mass letter-writing to legislators and newspapers, blogging, music, and
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A global affiliation of activists and political interests viewed as having a shared purpose and constituting a single movement has been called "
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2006:(PLO). Gush Shalom activists are currently involved in the daily struggle in Palestinian villages which have had their land confiscated by the
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who refused any cooperation with the war effort often spent much of each war in federal prisons. During World War II, pacifist leaders such as
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with newer missiles. The largest of the protests had 100,000 participants and, according to polls, 59 percent of the public opposed the move.
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sought to opt out of the Cold War, rejecting "Britain's Little Independent Nuclear Deterrent" (BLIND) on the grounds that it contradicted
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930:(1863-1947). He set up a $ 1 million fund to promote peace, and published numerous antiwar articles and ads in hundreds of newspapers.
886:, a former ambassador from the U.K. to the U.S. These and other initiatives were pivotal to the attitude changes which gave rise to the
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existed in both world wars, and the United States government allowed sincere objectors to serve in non-combat military roles. However,
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488:. The Quakers were prominent advocates of pacifism, who had repudiated all forms of violence and adopted a pacifist interpretation of
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The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom helped convince the U.S. Senate to launch an influential investigation by the
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Forty thousand anti-nuclear and anti-war protesters marched past the United Nations in New York on May 1, 2005, 60 years after the
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debate on the proposed motion that "one must fight for King and country" reflected the changed mood when the motion was defeated.
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as early as 1660. Throughout the 18th-century wars in which Britain participated, the Quakers maintained a principled commitment
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is the challenge of attaining peace when those against peace often use violence as their means of communication and empowerment.
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marched in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons. It was the century's largest national women's
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97:(or wars) or minimizing inter-human violence in a particular place or situation. They are often linked to the goal of achieving
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Neil Earle, "Public Opinion for Peace: Tactics of Peace Activists at the Washington Conference on Naval Armament (1921-1922)."
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1684:, where she worked with the World Disarmament Committee. Despite her pacifism, she voted for Canada to enter World War II. The
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Schlabach, Gerald W. "Christian Peace Theology and Nonviolence toward the Truth: Internal Critique amid Interfaith Dialogue."
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leaders to promote a strong international organization which could enforce peaceful conflict resolution. Later that year, the
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began in 2003, a concerted protest effort was formed in the United States. A series of protests across the globe was held on
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1107:(1936â1939) was a major test of international pacifism, pacifist organizations (such as War Resisters' International and the
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coalition; only in 1988 did the group accept that the PLO is the body regarded by the Palestinians as their representative.
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nuclear-armed planes, end nuclear testing, stop using missile bases, and not provide nuclear weapons to any other country.
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non-violence can be of no avail against the HinduâMoslem riots; therefore, people should arm themselves for self-defense."
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Martin Baumeister, and Benjamin Ziemann, "Introduction: Peace Movements in Southern Europe during the 1970s and 1980s."
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was generally greeted with enthusiastic patriotism across Europe, peace groups were active in condemning the war. Many
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brought attention (and support) to the anti-war movement, which continued to expand for the duration of the conflict.
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and his wife presented the United Nations with a petition signed by more than 11,000 scientists calling for an end to
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4328:"A women's movement that is trying to bring peace to Israel | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"
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was a unique circumstance in which war was not the worst possible evil, and called his position "relative pacifism".
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1129:, which has been described as a pacifist manifesto. In response to the threat of fascism, pacifist thinkers such as
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Eastman, Carolyn, "Fight Like a Man: Gender and Rhetoric in the Early Nineteenth-Century American Peace Movement",
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on 17 February 1958 which was attended by five thousand people. After the meeting, several hundred demonstrated at
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2402:. Independent media producers continued to broadcast, podcast, and web-host programs about the anti-war movement.
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The anti-Vietnam War peace movement began during the 1960s in the United States, opposing U.S. involvement in the
699:(1843â1914) after 1889 became a leading figure in the peace movement with the publication of her pacifist novel,
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4089:, "Europe Is a Peaceful Woman, America Is a War-Mongering Man? The 1980s Peace Movement in NATO-Allied Europe."
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Gandhi was the first person to apply the principle of nonviolence on a large scale. The concepts of nonviolence (
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1942:, Peace Now held a number of rallies to protest the Israeli army and call for a negotiated withdrawal from the
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in the form of equal protection and equal opportunity under the law for groups which had been disenfranchised.
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2142:'s May 2015 Peace and Love Rally through the south side of the city drew hundreds of marchers and celebrants.
603:, also known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace, was formed by philanthropist
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reversed its anti-war activism, however, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. Although mainstream
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The first formal peace movements appeared in 1815 and 1816. The first movement in the United States was the
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1344:
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5804:
5705:
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5324:
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2222:
2191:
1642:. Opposition to the war moved from college campuses to middle-class suburbs, government institutions, and
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588:
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162:
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After World War II, peace efforts in the United Kingdom were initially focused on the dissolution of the
1688:(1949â1990) was a leading organizer of the Canadian peace movement, particularly under the leadership of
768:. In 1909, Gandhi and Tolstoy began a correspondence about the practical and theological applications of
5949:
5799:
5564:
3646:
Robert McKenzie, "Power in the Labour Party: The Issue of 'Intra-Party Democracy'", in Dennis Kavanagh,
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2168:
2098:
1978:
1783:
1689:
1627:
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1204:
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737:
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4852:
Social protest and policy change: Ecology, antinuclear, and peace movements in comparative perspective
4463:
1903:'s visit to Jerusalem, when it was felt that an opportunity for peace could be missed. Prime Minister
890:
after the war. In addition to the peace churches, groups which protested against the war included the
6537:
6477:
6467:
6437:
5819:
5730:
4832:
Costin, Lela B. "Feminism, pacifism, internationalism and the 1915 International Congress of Women."
4665:
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2102:
1528:
1380:
1284:
1080:
1062:
1013:
746:(1869â1948) was one of the 20th century's most influential spokesmen for peace and non-violence, and
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505:
1167:, pacifist and anti-war sentiment declined in nations affected by the war. The communist-controlled
954:
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2110:
1965:
1886:
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1421:, indicated that above-ground nuclear testing posed significant public health risks in the form of
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1314:
1092:
760:
709:). The book was published in 37 editions and translated into 12 languages. She helped organize the
640:
537:
448:
417:
122:
3614:
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was founded in late 2005. By August 2007, fears of an imminent United States or Israeli attack on
2341:
536:, who proposed the formation of a peace association in 1789. One representative of the latter was
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2152:
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1908:
1631:
1341:. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, anti-nuclear marches attracted large numbers of people.
1219:
1088:
1017:
986:
972:
765:
701:
696:
658:
327:
5235:
Talini, Giulio. "Saint-Pierre, British pacifism and the quest for perpetual peace (1693â1748)."
5155:
Oppenheimer, Andrew. "West German Pacifism and the Ambivalence of Human Solidarity, 1945â1968."
4994:
The origins of war prevention: the British peace movement and international relations, 1730-1854
4946:
3439:
at Peace Pledge Union, and but also discussed in detail in articles in Einstein, Albert (1954),
3429:
3376:
2761:
The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1730â1854
1226:(who remained active during the German occupation) died in concentration camps. Austrian farmer
129:
political candidates, supporting legislation to remove profits from government contracts to the
4158:
Victor Huard, "The Canadian Peace Congress and the Challenge to Postwar Consensus, 1948â1953."
1371:
287:
The peace movement is characterized by the belief that humans should not wage war or engage in
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4859:
Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States
4202:
3692:
3672:
Frank E. Myers, "Civil Disobedience and Organizational Change: The British Committee of 100",
3559:
3555:
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Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States
3134:
3128:
3078:
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3038:
3006:
2972:
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Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States
2724:
Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States
2614:
2399:
2305:
2282:
2214:
2007:
1725:
1681:
1635:
1442:
1434:
1414:
1104:
1058:
1021:
994:
989:" alleging the promotion of war by armaments makers, based on a widely read nonfiction exposé
887:
829:
804:
257:"movement" consisting of relatively-scattered ideological priorities ranging from pacifism to
31:
2238:
the following year by the "Network for Peace", set up to continue the NPC's networking role.
2194:) sought to transform production at Lucas Aerospace from arms to socially-useful production.
6514:
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5887:
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5559:
5542:
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5458:
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5398:
4630:"We must reject and resist those that seek to conquer and control' Peters says at Gallipoli"
4411:"New Zealand to extend NZDF deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan and 3 peacekeeping missions"
2935:
Richard R. Laurence, "Bertha von Suttner and the peace movement in Austria to World War I".
2482:
2106:
2089:
In response to these events, a peace movement emerged, starting from grassroots groups like
2063:
2030:
1982:
1974:
1536:
1502:
1490:
1441:. On the day that the treaty went into force, the Nobel Prize Committee awarded Pauling the
1438:
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1184:
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915:
610:
The London Peace Society's influence began to grow during the mid-nineteenth century. Under
421:
292:
288:
262:
202:
186:
146:
5203:
Saunders, Malcolm. "The origins and early years of the Melbourne Peace Society 1899/1914."
5196:
Ritchie, J. M. "Germanyâa peace-loving nation? A Pacifist Tradition in German Literature."
4742:
2446:, to be resolved through peaceful means" and for Israel, "as the only Middle Eastern state
6531:
6365:
5468:
5050:
Imperial Germany and a World Without War: The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892-1914
5001:
Semi-detached idealists: the British peace movement and international relations, 1854-1945
4700:
4634:
4045:
4005:
3976:
3860:
3836:
3729:
3436:
3307:
3201:
2806:
2422:
2391:
2366:
2067:
1916:
1771:
1620:
1609:
1430:
1422:
1196:
1183:, a number of small religious and socialist groups continued their opposition to the war.
1053:
836:
580:
565:
296:
276:, including the right of all people to have access to clean air, water, food, shelter and
138:
90:
3322:
Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915â1963
2097:
In 1973, the 'Battle of Harewood' saw individuals from peace movements protesting at two
1680:
in 1931 on pacifist grounds. Macphail was also the first female Canadian delegate to the
661:
and the Crimean War, the movement began to spread across Europe and infiltrate fledgling
508:, promoted peace as the rational antidote to the world's ills; the other was part of the
5062:
Cooper, Sandi E. "Pacifism in France, 1889-1914: international peace as a human right."
1758:
across Europe. Peace sometimes played a significant role in policy-making; in 2002, the
622:
in London in 1843. The congress decided on two goals: to achieve the ideal of peaceable
56:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6638:
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6320:
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5403:
4980:
Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915â45
4862:
4840:
2187:
2160:
2125:
1951:
1939:
1904:
1775:
1669:
1303:
1112:
998:
844:
764:
in 1908, which said that the Indian people could overthrow colonial rule only through
743:
729:
689:
533:
509:
469:
468:
gave rise to a number of Protestant sects beginning in the 16th century, including the
409:
339:
323:
281:
269:
166:
3708:
684:, the first international organization for the arbitration of conflicts, in 1889. The
6617:
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6345:
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5809:
5784:
5589:
4252:
4086:
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3182:
2585:
2434:
2430:
2026:
1955:
1947:
1759:
1755:
1700:
1605:
1578:
1577:. Some within the movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of American forces from
1406:
1338:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1223:
1036:
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875:
848:
782:
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and became known internationally as the editor of the international pacifist journal
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525:
371:
150:
3463:
Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed: The Story of Le Chambon and How Goodness Happened There
3175:
2285:
began the longest uninterrupted peace vigil in U.S. history. He was later joined at
2042:
to Jerusalem. In May 2017, Women Wage Peace had over 20,000 members and supporters.
1584:
Opposition to the Vietnam War aimed to unite groups opposed to U.S. anti-communism,
6554:
6330:
5917:
5755:
5609:
5547:
5513:
5483:
5242:
VaĂŻsse, Maurice. "A certain idea of peace in France from 1945 to the present day."
5184:
5167:
A Just and Lasting Peace: The U.S. Peace Movement from the Cold War to Desert Storm
4551:
3999:
A rebirth of the anti-nuclear weapons movement? Portents of an anti-nuclear upsurge
2645:
2458:
2418:
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2071:
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1743:
1733:
1643:
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1418:
1215:
1188:
1172:
1164:
628:
513:
489:
458:
273:
254:
5222:
3853:
5055:
Clinton, Michael. "Coming to Terms with 'Pacifism': The French Case, 1901â1918."
4953:
A World Divided: The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of Nation States
4304:"Operation Protective Fast: Striving for peace between Israelis and Palestinians"
3000:
2828:
847:. They argued that by its nature, war was a type of governmental coercion of the
420:. The movement was promoted at a number of subsequent church councils, including
6583:
6370:
6335:
5927:
5664:
5629:
5594:
5574:
5488:
5263:
Ziemann, Benjamin. "German Pacifism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries."
5148:
Lukowitz, David C. "British pacifists and appeasement: the Peace Pledge Union."
4813:
Pioneers for Peace: Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 1915-1965
3514:
2679:
2629:
2602:
2477:
2414:
2395:
2320:
2164:
2059:
2011:
1986:
1961:
1900:
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describing the horrors of war and advocating pacifism on Christian grounds. The
465:
367:
363:
331:
244:
206:
194:
98:
4280:"These Israeli women marched from the Lebanese border to Jerusalem. Here's why"
4197:
Benjamin Ziemann, "German Pacifism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries."
3575:
3114:
The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas
3111:
2702:
1547:
to United Nations headquarters calling for the elimination of nuclear weapons.
591:, which held weekly meetings and produced literature that was spread as far as
5959:
5771:
5649:
5634:
5624:
5443:
5309:
5074:
Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. French Journal of British Studies
4213:
Wilfried von Bredow, "The Peace Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany",
2639:
2635:
2597:
2590:
2277:
2218:
2210:
2075:
2055:
1999:
1990:
1589:
938:
927:
926:
Peace promotion was a major activity of American automaker and philanthropist
867:
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481:
375:
359:
158:
118:
17:
5077:
2803:
The Long Road to Greenham: Feminism and Anti-Militarism in Britain since 1820
1032:
did successfully limit naval armaments of the major powers during the 1920s.
941:
to Europe, to help end the raging World War. He brought 170 peace activists;
5897:
5383:
4725:"The Oracles of Pennsylvania Avenue - Al Jazeera World - Al Jazeera English"
3600:
3301:
2354:
2272:
accelerated military spending and adopted a tough stance toward Russia, the
2183:
2139:
1969:
1921:
1896:
1878:
1639:
1544:
1477:
1334:
1231:
840:
665:
592:
239:
It is often unclear whether a movement, or a particular protest, is against
154:
110:
73:
5096:
Fontanel, Jacques. "An underdeveloped peace movement: The case of France."
3002:
The origins of nonviolence: Tolstoy and Gandhi in their historical settings
2315:
During the 1990s, peacemaker priorities included seeking a solution to the
2019:
854:
253:
in early 2003 are an example of a specific, short-term, loosely affiliated
5010:
Ceadel, Martin. "The First British Referendum: The Peace Ballot, 1934-5."
4880:
Revolutionary Peacemaking: Writings for a Culture of Peace and Nonviolence
4686:
3841:
Profiles in Power: The Anti-nuclear Movement and the Dawn of the Solar Age
821:
6305:
5986:
5639:
4171:
Joanne Dufay and Sheena Lambert, "Women in the Canadian Peace Alliance."
2552:
2331:
2309:
2202:
1597:
1391:
878:
published "The Way to Disarm: A Practical Proposal", an editorial in the
747:
644:
433:
425:
355:
318:
The peace movement opposes the proliferation of dangerous technology and
308:
304:
300:
258:
240:
214:
210:
198:
190:
182:
126:
102:
4987:'The truest form of patriotism': Pacifist feminism in Britain, 1870-1902
4119:
David Cortright, "Assessing peace movement effectiveness in the 1980s."
3922:
Hundreds of Marchers Hit Washington in Finale of Nationwaide Peace March
3346:
1989:, Labour Party secretary-general until he broke with the Prime Minister
1950:
for his hard-line stance. After Rabin became prime minister, signed the
572:
demonstrations were held, and peace literature was widely disseminated.
4039:
A-bomb survivors join 25,000-strong anti-nuclear march through New York
3688:"Dagmar Wilson dies at 94; organizer of women's disarmament protesters"
3363:
2923:
2902:
1995:
1866:
1824: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1619:
into a riot. News reports of American military abuses such as the 1968
1203:
helped to conceal hundreds of Jews fleeing the Nazis in the village of
473:
472:. Foremost among these churches were the Religious Society of Friends (
437:
429:
386:
335:
312:
114:
5122:
5067:
5015:
4438:"Yusuf Islam, Cat Stevens, donates actual peace train to Christchurch"
330:. Many adherents object to the export of weapons (including hand-held
101:. Some of the methods used to achieve these goals include advocacy of
5907:
5857:
5604:
5534:
4091:
European HistoryâGender History,â Themenportal EuropĂ€ische Geschichte
3215:
The public image of Henry Ford: An American folk hero and his company
2301:
1932:
1890:
1870:
1472:
On June 12, 1982, one million people demonstrated in New York City's
1318:
777:
522:
Extrait du Projet de Paix Perpetuelle de Monsieur l'Abbe Saint-Pierre
5105:
Opposition to War: An Encyclopedia of US Peace and Antiwar Movements
5072:
Davis, Richard. "The British Peace Movement in the Interwar Years."
4820:
Peace movements: International protest and world politics since 1945
1123:(despite volunteering for service on the Republican side) published
5210:
Socknat, Thomas P. "Canada's Liberal Pacifists and the Great War."
6278:
5644:
5228:
Strong-Boag, Veronica. "Peace-making women: Canada 1919â1939." in
4870:
The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order
4705:"From Lafayette Square Lookout, He Made His War Protest Permanent"
3195:
Chatfield, Charles, âEncyclopedia of American Foreign Policyâ 2002
2666:
The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order
2340:
2255:
2221:. By early 2003, the peace and anti-war movements (grouped as the
2196:
2130:
2090:
1748:
1715:
1560:
1459:
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in 1974; he was president of the scientific advisory board of the
1370:
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1192:
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953:
853:
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648:
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551:
477:
447:
307:. Long-term opponents of war are characterized by the belief that
218:
72:
4075:
Mobilizing for Peace: The Antinuclear Movements in Western Europe
3324:
by Scott H. Bennett. New York, Syracuse University Press, 2003,
657:
Support decreased during the resurgence of militarism during the
643:, the first peace congress on the European continent was held in
93:
which seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular
4956:
4228:"The Second Intifada: A defining event that reshaped the nation"
2410:
1766:
to oppose German involvement in Iraq. The Greens controlled the
1729:
1721:
1524:
6251:
5313:
5290:
Not in Our Name: American Antiwar Speeches, 1846 to the Present
874:
was established in the United States to promote similar goals.
717:
In 1905 she became the first woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize.
362:
have destructive potential. The peace movement intersects with
5179:
Pugh, Michael. "Pacifism and politics in Britain, 1931â1935."
4025:
2022:
in weekly marches to protest the village's land confiscation.
1793:
94:
36:
5219:
Gandhi's dilemma: Nonviolent principles and nationalist power
3510:
In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz JÀgerstÀtter
3176:
Pacifism vs. Patriotism in Women's Organizations in the 1920s
4747:
Campaign Against Sanctions and Military Intervention in Iran
3880:
3241:"Examining the American peace movement prior to World War I"
3099:
The Impossible Indian: Gandhi and the Temptation of Violence
2914:
Eric W. Sager, "The Social Origins of Victorian Pacifism".
2793:
by Peter Brock. Toronto, Thistle Printing, 1994. (pp. 38-9).
2407:
Campaign Against Sanctions and Military Intervention in Iran
2345:
Protesters against the Iraq War in Washington, D.C., in 2007
2002:. Its main achievement was the opening of dialogue with the
4743:"For a Middle East free of all Weapons of Mass Destruction"
4132:
Hania Fedorowicz, "East-West Dialogue: Detente from Below"
512:
which had played an important role in the campaign for the
5251:
Rebels Against War: The American Peace Movement, 1933â1983
5136:
Peace People: A History of Peace Activities in New Zealand
1557:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
4912:
Peace Action in the Eighties: Social Science Perspectives
3938:
438 "Protesters are Arrested at Nevada Nuclear Test Site"
2948:
M. M. Sankhdher, "Gandhism: A Political Interpretation",
1321:
1958. Several thousand people marched for four days from
81:, a German journal of the peace movement, issue #11, 1913
6247:
3268:
The people's tycoon: Henry Ford and the American century
3255:
The people's tycoon: Henry Ford and the American century
1869:, particularly since the 1948 formation of the state of
268:
Elements of the global peace movement seek to guarantee
5112:
The American Peace Movement: History and Historiography
3817:. Oregon State University Libraries Special Collections
3781:. Oregon State University Libraries Special Collections
3758:. Oregon State University Libraries Special Collections
3130:
Gandhi's passion: the life and legacy of Mahatma Gandhi
1476:
against nuclear weapons and for an end to the Cold War
3465:
Philip P. Hallie, (1979) New York: Harper & Row,
2010:. They and members of other Israeli movements such as
1907:
acknowledged that on the eve of his departure for the
1024:
convened several disarmament conferences, such as the
695:
In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the novelist Baroness
408:
The first mass peace movements were the Peace of God (
5303:
Nonviolent Action Network â Nonviolent Action Network
4147:
Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College
1981:
General Staff during the 1967 Six-Day War; economist
1043:
on American business if other countries went to war.
803:
Gandhi's views were criticized in Britain during the
2893:
Gavin B. Henderson, "The Pacifists of the Fifties".
1464:
1981 protest in Amsterdam against the deployment of
1091:
in 1934, renouncing war and aggression. The idea of
900:
International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace
6576:
6553:
6498:
6491:
6425:
6379:
6285:
6161:
6026:
5955:
Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
5850:
5673:
5527:
5351:
5292:(Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012). 287 pp
4894:
The Palgrave handbook of global approaches to peace
3895:
Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today
2971:. Long Beach, California: Long Beach Publications.
1899:was founded in the aftermath of Egyptian President
5519:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
5205:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
4415:The official website of the New Zealand Government
3358:John Edward Wiltz, "The Nye Committee Revisited."
3281:The Odyssey of Henry Ford and the Great Peace Ship
2625:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1541:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
1230:was executed in 1943 for refusing to serve in the
1010:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
754:Gandhi was strongly influenced by the pacifism of
5121:17#3 (1984) pp. 355â384 DOI: 10.2307/493146
4914:(New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990).
4022:"International Conference on Nuclear Disarmament"
2513:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
272:by ending war and ensure what they view as basic
251:Global protests against the U.S. invasion of Iraq
5036:The American Peace Movement: Ideals and Activism
4892:Kulnazarova, Aigul, and Vesselin Popovski, eds.
3877:"1982 - a million people march in New York City"
3709:"Dagmar Wilson, Anti-Nuclear Leader, Dies at 94"
3637:, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, p. 64.
3517:. Springfield, Illinois: Templegate Publishers.
2548:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)
1927:Peace Now advocates a negotiated peace with the
1703:. The CPA opposed Canada's participation in the
1495:Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament
1357:previously put their hopes in the Labour Party.
1137:in the event of a fascist invasion or takeover.
344:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
27:Social movement against a particular war or wars
5253:(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984).
4788:"How Partisanship Killed the Anti-War Movement"
2699:"Quaker Traditions of Pacifism and Nonviolence"
2167:by the United States and the Soviet Union. The
1754:After 1989, the ideal of peace was espoused by
1634:laws. They were fueled by a growing network of
1521:International Conference on Nuclear Disarmament
1360:Two years after the CND's formation, president
627:securing a commitment for arbitration from the
30:For a movement to end a specific conflict, see
4662:"The University of Alabama-Bounds Law Library"
3217:(Wayne State University Press, 1976) p. 78â92.
2289:in Washington, D.C. by anti-nuclear activists
1565:Protesters against the Vietnam War prepare to
6263:
5970:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces
5325:
5283:Nonviolence in America: A documentary history
4901:Encyclopedia of violence, peace, and conflict
3801:Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear Power
3539:Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear Power
3417:Nonviolence in America: a documentary history
2209:The peace movement was later associated with
1877:. The mainstream peace movement in Israel is
8:
4926:Troublesome People: The Warriors of Pacifism
4899:Kurtz, Lester R., and Jennifer Turpin, eds.
4769:"How Obama demobilized the antiwar movement"
3059:Geary's Guide to the World's Great Aphorists
5034:Chatfield, Charles. with Robert Kleidman.
1207:. After the war, the Trocmés were declared
958:Refugees from the Spanish Civil War at the
676:in London. Cremer and the French economist
6495:
6270:
6256:
6248:
5332:
5318:
5310:
3954:"493 Arrested at Nevada Nuclear Test Site"
3815:"Notes by Linus Pauling. October 10, 1963"
3676:, Vol. 86, No. 1. (Mar., 1971), pp. 92â112
3659:, Bertrand Russell, "Civil Disobedience",
3615:"Early defections in march to Aldermaston"
3300:Engelbrecht, H.C.; Hanighen, F.C. (1934).
3230:(Charles Scribner's Sons, 1957) pp 26â54.
2503:International Fellowship of Reconciliation
2488:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2448:suspected of possession of nuclear weapons
2252:Opposition to military action against Iran
1501:protests and peace camps were held at the
1298:(CND) held an inaugural public meeting at
1283:A nuclear fireball during a United States
937:In late 1915, Ford sponsored and funded a
5923:Global Day of Action on Military Spending
4186:A history of the peace movement in Canada
3728:Louise Zibold Reiss (November 24, 1961).
2862:"Gustave Moynier and the peace societies"
2217:moved to the center under Prime Minister
2084:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1865:conflicts have existed since the dawn of
1840:Learn how and when to remove this message
1510:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1394:, about 50,000 women brought together by
1028:. They achieved very little. However the
516:. Representatives of the former included
5138:(Christchurch, NZ: Hazard Press, 1992).
5114:(American Historical Association, 1985).
4928:(Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, 1987).
3990:
3988:
3576:"Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)"
3550:John Minnion and Philip Bolsover (eds.)
3533:
3531:
3228:Ford: Expansion and Challenge, 1915â1933
3133:. Oxford University Press. p. 197.
2870:International Committee of the Red Cross
962:children's refuge in the French Pyrenees
721:Mahatma Gandhi and nonviolent resistance
5110:Howlett, Charles F., and Glen Zeitzer.
4841:Gustave Moynier and the peace societies
4827:Peace: A history of movements and ideas
3005:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
2965:Mahatma Gandhi and Leo Tolstoy: Letters
2830:Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas
2657:
1778:, whose opposition was decisive in the
1527:in February 2008, was organized by the
5655:Soviet influence on the peace movement
5281:Lynd, Staughton, and Alice Lynd, eds.
4552:"1973 â key events: other 1973 events"
4253:"Mission Statement | Women Wage Peace"
4108:A History of Europe since World War II
3907:1,400 Anti-nuclear protesters arrested
3458:
3456:
3419:, Bobbs-Merrill, 1966, (PPS. 271â296).
2620:Soviet influence on the peace movement
2038:'s residence and a protest march from
2034:strike outside Israeli Prime Minister
1946:; the group attacked Defence Minister
1218:were treated harshly. German pacifist
902:(ICWPP) (also organized in 1915), the
851:for the benefit of capitalist elites.
789:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
496:and not pay the alternative ÂŁ10 fine.
370:, and with mainstream critics such as
5842:World March for Peace and Nonviolence
5038:(New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992).
4845:International Review of the Red Cross
4811:Bussey, Gertrude, and Margaret Tims.
4350:
4348:
4274:
4272:
3897:Transaction Publishers, 1988, p. 150.
3541:, Oxford University Press, pp. 96-97.
2866:International Review of the Red Cross
2701:. Stanford University. Archived from
1742:During the Cold War (1947â1989), the
1327:Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
1187:said that the necessity of defeating
7:
5999:Third Party Non-violent Intervention
5129:The British Peace Movement 1870-1914
4989:(Manchester University Press, 2003).
4955:(Princeton University Press, 2019).
3226:Allan Nevins and Frank Ernest Hill,
2349:American activist groups, including
1822:adding citations to reliable sources
1782:resolution to limit support for the
1317:, organized by the CND, was held on
1271:History of the anti-nuclear movement
6594:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
6526:Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)
5232:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 170â191.
5091:American Nineteenth Century History
5052:(Princeton University Press, 2015).
4834:Women's Studies International Forum
4829:(Cambridge University Press, 2008).
4149:(University of Toronto Press, 1969)
3707:Hevesi, Dennis (January 23, 2011).
3635:Direct Action and Liberal Democracy
2413:had increased to such a level that
2109:spy-base and the unrest during the
2029:, a group of Israeli women founded
1672:was the first woman elected to the
1617:1968 Democratic National Convention
1387:directly related to war and peace.
692:in London in July and August 1908.
6224:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
6121:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)
5409:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp
5305:Database of 300 nonviolent methods
5169:(Chicago: The Noble Press, 1991).
5024:(New York: Schocken Books, 1973).
4493:"The nuclear -freeing of Rangiora"
3813:Linus Pauling (October 10, 1963).
3777:Thomas Hager (November 29, 2007).
3754:Thomas Hager (November 29, 2007).
2962:Murthy, B. Srinivasa, ed. (1987).
2473:American Friends Service Committee
2300:In response to Iraq's invasion of
1638:and large rock festivals, such as
1480:. It was the largest anti-nuclear
1451:World Union for Protection of Life
1155:An April 1940 peace strike at the
1030:Washington conference of 1921-1922
912:American Friends Service Committee
560:, a prominent advocate of pacifism
494:not to serve in an army or militia
25:
6483:List of periods of regional peace
5716:International Day of Non-Violence
5374:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
4854:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2004).
4608:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4582:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4556:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4500:Disarmament & Security Centre
4471:Disarmament & Security Centre
4009:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
3843:, Twayne Publishers, pp. 191-192.
3803:, Oxford University Press, p. 98.
3312:(free to download as pdf or epub)
2860:André Durand (October 31, 1996).
2018:joining Palestinian villagers in
2004:Palestine Liberation Organization
1447:International League of Humanists
904:American Union Against Militarism
858:A World War I-era peace protester
680:were the founding fathers of the
618:, the society convened the first
6126:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
5003:(Oxford University Press, 2000)
4996:(Oxford University Press, 1996).
4847:(1996), no. 314, p. 532â550
4786:Gene Healy (December 14, 2015).
3686:Woo, Elaine (January 30, 2011).
3648:The Politics of the Labour Party
3101:(Harvard University Press; 2012)
2638:
2452:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
2050:Notable peace activists include
1798:
1678:Royal Military College of Canada
1630:, which had organized to oppose
1455:Dubrovnik-Philadelphia Statement
1296:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
1133:devised plans for a campaign of
579:, founded in 1815 by theologian
41:
5499:Social Democratic Party (Japan)
5150:Journal of Contemporary History
4806:Encyclopedia of peace education
4767:Brad Plumer (August 29, 2013).
4522:"Police Response to Antarctica"
4062:Journal of Contemporary History
4024:. February 2008. Archived from
3582:from the original on 2011-05-14
2575:Peace Organisation of Australia
1809:needs additional citations for
1608:, opposed the war based on the
1427:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
5419:List of pacifist organisations
4436:Reid, Joy (4 September 2022).
4308:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
4232:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
3970:Anti-Nuke Protests in New York
3397:. The New York Review of books
3117:2002 (reprint edition) p. 311.
2999:Green, Martin Burgess (1986).
2833:. Cambridge University Press.
2523:List of anti-war organizations
2122:sinking of the Rainbow Warrior
1885:), which tends to support the
1390:In 1961, at the height of the
1126:The Iliad or the Poem of Force
1068:All Quiet on the Western Front
894:(organized in 1915 and led by
647:in 1848; a second was held in
1:
4969:Pacifism in the United States
4933:Journal of Ecumenical Studies
3578:. Spartacus-Educational.com.
3499:Brock and Socknat, pp. 402-3.
2791:Pacifism to 1914: an overview
2558:Pacifism in the United States
2359:Iraq Veterans Against the War
2248:Pacifism in the United States
2231:Protests against the Iraq War
587:. The groups merged into the
510:evangelical religious revival
342:to developing countries. The
5825:World Peace Bell Association
5726:Dialogue Among Civilizations
5429:New Socialist Party of Japan
5414:Iraq War resisters in Canada
5379:Coalition of Women for Peace
5285:(3rd ed. Orbis Books, 2018).
4882:(Democratic Thought, 2019).
4815:(Oxford: Alden Press, 1980).
4464:"Sumner Peace Group History"
4356:"Christchurch: A Peace City"
3257:(Vintage, 2009), pp 236-237.
2351:United for Peace and Justice
2325:Fellowship of Reconciliation
1911:with Sadat and US President
1692:(its president until 1971).
1505:during the 1980s and 1990s.
1179:declined after the Japanese
1109:Fellowship of Reconciliation
1006:War Resisters' International
981:Neutrality Acts of the 1930s
960:War Resisters' International
908:Fellowship of Reconciliation
734:Indian independence movement
620:International Peace Congress
6634:History of social movements
6629:Counterculture of the 1960s
6407:Environmental peacebuilding
6183:
5993:The whole world is watching
5761:Peace & Love (festival)
5711:Imagine Piano Peace Project
5221:(St. Martin's Press, 2000)
5212:Journal of Canadian Studies
4896:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
3674:Political Science Quarterly
3343:Journal of Church and State
3077:. SUNY Press. p. 253.
2764:. Oxford University Press.
2508:Service Civil International
2498:Imagine Piano Peace Project
2363:Military Families Speak Out
2317:IsraeliâPalestinian impasse
2180:Vietnam Solidarity Campaign
2016:Anarchists Against the Wall
1854:ArabâIsraeli peace projects
1676:. Macphail objected to the
1294:In the United Kingdom, the
1209:Righteous Among the Nations
1169:American Peace Mobilization
1111:), and individuals such as
688:was founded after the 17th
674:Workman's Peace Association
585:Massachusetts Peace Society
530:Thoughts on Perpetual Peace
320:weapons of mass destruction
231:Human shield action to Iraq
159:conspiracies to create wars
131:militaryâindustrial complex
6660:
6515:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
6356:Religion and peacebuilding
6311:Peace and conflict studies
6116:2011 intervention in Libya
5736:List of places named Peace
5721:International Day of Peace
5439:Peace and conflict studies
5359:Anti-nuclear organizations
5084:Journal of Women's History
5022:Peace Movements in America
4966:
4215:Armed Forces & Society
4110:(2nd ed. 2000) pp 159â161.
3443:, New York: Random House,
2570:Peace and conflict studies
2543:Opposition to the Iraq War
2538:Opposition to World War II
2429:(joint 1976 Peace Prize),
2245:
2173:mutual assured destruction
1851:
1659:Peace movements by country
1554:
1268:
1147:Opposition to World War II
1144:
970:
843:groups and movements were
835:Although the onset of the
814:
401:
346:has voiced a concern that
228:
29:
6602:
6232:
5751:Nobel Peace Prize Concert
5746:Mother's Day Proclamation
5696:Dances of Universal Peace
5509:The Women's Peace Crusade
5265:Neue Politische Literatur
5237:History of European Ideas
5191:Gandhi on War & Peace
5098:Journal of Peace Research
5064:French historical studies
5012:English Historical Review
4491:King, Chris (June 1997).
4390:Christchurch City Council
4383:"Road to Peace: Timeline"
4361:Christchurch City Council
4199:Neue Politische Literatur
4188:(Grape Vine Press, 1982).
3345:40#1 (1998), pp. 149â69,
3033:Asirvatham, Eddy (1995).
2937:Austrian History Yearbook
2918:23#2 (1980), pp. 211â36,
2895:Journal of Modern History
2827:Cortright, David (2008).
2678:Daniel Francis Callahan.
2533:Opposition to World War I
1533:Nuclear Threat Initiative
1453:, and a signatory of the
864:League of Nations Society
817:Opposition to World War I
682:Inter-Parliamentary Union
542:French Revolutionary Wars
413:
291:about language, race, or
50:This article needs to be
6417:Territorial peace theory
6412:Infrastructure for Peace
6012:Violence begets violence
5945:Non-aggression principle
5815:The Non-Violence Project
5795:Promoting Enduring Peace
5778:Promoting Enduring Peace
5434:Pacifist Socialist Party
5159:29.3â4 (2004): 353-389.
5131:(Clarendon Press, 2002).
5107:(2 vol. ABC-CLIO, 2018).
5093:10 (Sept. 2009), 247â71.
5020:Chatfield, Charles, ed.
5014:95.377 (1980): 810-839.
4530:University of Canterbury
4520:McCarthy, Peter (2007).
4201:2015.3 (2015): 415-437.
3481:Brock and Young, p. 220.
3381:University of Wellington
3127:Stanley Wolpert (2002).
2423:Mairead Corrigan-Maguire
2321:Voices in the Wilderness
1602:Catholic Worker Movement
1499:Nevada Desert Experience
1300:Central Hall Westminster
1258:Catholic Worker Movement
1157:University of California
1041:laws imposing neutrality
690:Universal Peace Congress
340:leading economic nations
6589:List of peace activists
6402:Democratic peace theory
6392:Complex system approach
6106:Military action in Iran
5741:Monuments and memorials
5691:Concert Yutel for Peace
5494:React, Include, Recycle
5424:List of peace activists
5389:Conscientious objectors
5267:2015.3 (2015): 415-437
5239:46.8 (2020): 1165-1182.
5193:(1986); focus on India.
5103:Hall, Mitchell K., ed.
4903:(Academic Press, 1999).
4462:Persson, Linda (2003).
4106:Cyril E. Black, et al.
3779:"The Right to Petition"
3074:Gandhi and non-violence
3071:William Borman (1986).
2809:. London, Virago, 1989
2758:Ceadel, Martin (1996).
2684:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2608:List of peace activists
2357:(Women Say No To War),
2274:Nuclear Freeze campaign
2201:Protesters against the
1944:Palestinian territories
1768:German Foreign Ministry
1697:Canadian Peace Alliance
1686:Canadian Peace Congress
1411:nuclear weapons testing
1352:protest march in Oxford
1238:Conscientious objectors
1222:and Norwegian pacifist
1177:America First Committee
872:League to Enforce Peace
348:artificial intelligence
6426:Regional peacebuilding
6027:Opposition to specific
5982:Swords to ploughshares
5976:Soldiers are murderers
5369:Anti-war organizations
5207:79.1-2 (1993): 96-114.
5183:23.3 (1980): 641-656.
4935:53.4 (2018): 541-568.
4173:Canadian Woman Studies
4134:Peace Research Reviews
3601:"The history of CND -"
3490:Brock and Young, p.99.
2518:International security
2444:Iran's nuclear program
2346:
2265:
2223:Stop the War Coalition
2206:
2143:
1736:
1636:underground newspapers
1570:
1514:Trident weapons system
1469:
1396:Women Strike for Peace
1383:
1377:Women Strike for Peace
1353:
1287:
1201:André and Magda Trocmé
1181:attack on Pearl Harbor
1160:
985:A popular slogan was "
963:
866:was formed by British
859:
832:
740:
686:National Peace Council
633:Treaty of Paris (1856)
589:American Peace Society
577:New York Peace Society
561:
486:Church of the Brethren
461:
404:Peace and Truce of God
398:Peace and Truce of God
380:environmental movement
82:
6029:wars or their aspects
5950:Nonviolent resistance
5800:Show of Peace Concert
5565:Anti-nuclear movement
5288:Stellato, Jesse, ed.
5249:Wittner, Lawrence S.
5246:18.3 (2004): 331-337.
5198:Oxford German Studies
5100:23.2 (1986): 175-182.
4967:Further information:
4924:Moorehead, Caroline.
4861:(Cambridge UP, 1967)
4578:"Protest and dissent"
4064:56.3 (2021): 563-578.
3854:The Spirit of June 12
3362:23.2 (1961): 211-233
2897:9.3 (1937): 314-341.
2344:
2330:Before and after the
2270:Reagan administration
2259:
2200:
2169:anti-nuclear movement
2163:and the rejection of
2134:
2101:air defence bases at
2099:Operation Deep Freeze
1784:2003 invasion of Iraq
1762:convinced Chancellor
1719:
1690:James Gareth Endicott
1628:civil rights movement
1567:march on the Pentagon
1564:
1463:
1374:
1364:resigned to form the
1347:
1282:
1275:Anti-nuclear movement
1265:Anti-nuclear movement
1205:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
1154:
1135:nonviolent resistance
957:
857:
824:
738:nonviolent resistance
728:
555:
518:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
451:
352:molecular engineering
311:power does not equal
137:, creating tools for
107:nonviolent resistance
76:
6538:Treaty on Open Skies
6111:Sri Lankan Civil War
6005:Turn the other cheek
5820:University for Peace
5731:List of peace prizes
5200:11.1 (1980): 76-102.
5189:Puri, Rashmi-Sudha.
5165:Peace III, Roger C.
5152:9.1 (1974): 115-127.
4982:(Syracuse UP, 2003).
4943:Women History Review
4878:Jakopovich, Daniel.
4804:Bajaj, Monisha, ed.
4703:(February 8, 2009).
4689:. Network for Peace.
4136:(1991) 11#6 pp 1-80.
3927:, November 16, 1986.
3213:David Lanier Lewis,
2421:(2003 Peace Prize),
2379:The World Can't Wait
2291:ConcepciĂłn Picciotto
2118:Cuban missile crisis
2076:Jools and Lynda Topp
1968:, with an undivided
1818:improve this article
1569:on October 21, 1967.
1551:Vietnam War protests
1529:government of Norway
1417:, co-founded by Dr.
1381:Cuban Missile Crisis
1285:nuclear weapons test
1163:At the beginning of
1081:University of Oxford
1063:Erich Maria Remarque
1014:No More War Movement
884:Viscount James Bryce
711:German Peace Society
668:movements. In 1870,
601:London Peace Society
514:abolition of slavery
506:Age of Enlightenment
6153:Nuclear disarmament
6136:in Russian Far East
5893:Department of Peace
5878:Counter-recruitment
5873:Conflict resolution
5863:Central Park be-ins
5851:Slogans and tactics
5830:Japanese Peace Bell
5620:Non-interventionism
5615:Modern-war pacifism
5553:Christian anarchism
5217:Steger, Manfred B.
5214:18.4 (1984): 30-44.
5086:13.3 (2001): 34-45.
5048:Chickering, Roger.
4973:Pacifism in Germany
4945:2.1 (1993): 23-56.
4773:The Washington Post
4710:The Washington Post
4417:. 17 September 2018
4217:(1982) 9#1 pp 33-48
4162:19.1 (1994): 25-49.
4123:16.1 (1991): 46-63.
4077:(Princeton UP 1988.
4049:Mainichi Daily News
3995:Lawrence S. Wittner
3944:, February 6, 1987.
3395:"War and the Iliad"
3283:(Taplinger, 1967),
3112:Louis Fischer, ed.
2939:23 (1992): 181-201.
2563:Pacifism in Germany
2493:Global peace system
2457:Although President
2433:(Literature 2005),
2384:Bush administration
2304:in 1990, President
2262:St. Paul, Minnesota
2111:1981 Springbok Tour
1859:IsraeliâPalestinian
1780:UN Security Council
1423:radioactive fallout
1175:groups such as the
1093:collective security
892:Woman's Peace Party
761:A Letter to a Hindu
707:Lay Down Your Arms!
556:1880 caricature of
538:William Wilberforce
424:(989 and c. 1028),
418:Carolingian dynasty
123:ethical consumerism
6397:Conflict continuum
6047:American Civil War
5939:Make love, not war
5913:Economic sanctions
5868:Civil disobedience
5701:Festival for Peace
5674:Media and cultural
5660:Testimony of peace
5580:Christian pacifism
5181:Historical Journal
5157:Peace & Change
5076:22.XXII-3 (2017).
5059:26.1 (2001): 1-30.
5057:Peace & Change
4978:Bennett, Scott H.
4906:Marullo, Sam, and
4825:Cortright, David.
4822:(Routledge, 2014).
4160:Peace & Change
4121:Peace & Change
4044:2013-05-12 at the
4011:, 7 December 2007.
4004:2010-06-19 at the
3975:2010-10-31 at the
3958:The New York Times
3942:The New York Times
3859:2019-05-12 at the
3714:The New York Times
3663:, 17 February 1961
3650:, Routledge, 2013.
3620:Guardian Unlimited
3441:Ideas and Opinions
3435:2007-10-09 at the
3303:Merchants of Death
3200:2007-10-14 at the
3166:(1967) pp 269â308.
2735:Hinsley, pp.62-80.
2580:Peace Pledge Union
2528:Make love, not war
2375:Veterans for Peace
2347:
2266:
2260:Anti-war march in
2227:Conservative Party
2207:
2153:Peace Pledge Union
2144:
2036:Benjamin Netanyahu
1977:, a member of the
1737:
1705:war in Afghanistan
1668:Canadian pacifist
1604:. Others, such as
1571:
1470:
1468:missiles in Europe
1429:signed in 1963 by
1384:
1354:
1288:
1228:Franz JÀgerstÀtter
1220:Carl von Ossietzky
1161:
1089:Peace Pledge Union
1018:Peace Pledge Union
991:Merchants of Death
987:merchants of death
973:Merchants of death
964:
860:
833:
796:advise violence."
766:passive resistance
741:
715:Die Waffen nieder!
702:Die Waffen nieder!
697:Bertha von Suttner
659:American Civil War
635:at the end of the
583:, followed by the
562:
462:
328:biological warfare
225:The ideal of peace
167:political lobbying
83:
79:Die Friedens-Warte
6624:Anti-war movement
6611:
6610:
6549:
6548:
6448:Jammu and Kashmir
6326:Peace enforcement
6293:Anti-war movement
6245:
6244:
6148:Military taxation
6018:War tax resisters
5585:Deterrence theory
5364:Anti-war movement
5066:(1991): 359-386.
4888:978-953-55134-2-1
4868:Howard, Michael.
4790:. Cato Institute.
3960:, April 20, 1992.
3883:on June 16, 2010.
3852:Jonathan Schell.
3799:Jim Falk (1982).
3693:Los Angeles Times
3556:Allison and Busby
3537:Jim Falk (1982).
3415:Lynd, Staughton.
3270:(2005) pp 226-40.
3012:978-0-271-00414-3
2916:Victorian Studies
2726:(1967) pp. 46-61.
2615:Right of conquest
2400:guerrilla theatre
2336:February 15, 2003
2306:George H. W. Bush
2008:West Bank barrier
1909:Camp David summit
1850:
1849:
1842:
1726:nuclear arms race
1682:League of Nations
1443:Nobel Peace Prize
1435:Nikita Khrushchev
1415:Baby Tooth Survey
1325:in London to the
1315:Aldermaston March
1105:Spanish Civil War
1099:Spanish Civil War
1059:Richard Aldington
1026:Geneva Conference
1022:League of Nations
995:H. C. Engelbrecht
888:League of Nations
830:Boardman Robinson
805:Battle of Britain
293:natural resources
280:. Activists seek
71:
70:
32:Anti-war movement
16:(Redirected from
6651:
6568:Index by country
6506:Helsinki Accords
6499:post-WWII Europe
6496:
6492:Peace mechanisms
6463:Northern Ireland
6443:IsraelâPalestine
6387:Capitalist peace
6301:Cost of conflict
6272:
6265:
6258:
6249:
6072:list of protests
5933:Lesson of Munich
5888:Demilitarisation
5766:Peace journalism
5560:Anti-imperialism
5543:Anarcho-pacifism
5479:Peace psychology
5459:Peace conference
5454:Peace commission
5399:Culture of Peace
5334:
5327:
5320:
5311:
4999:Ceadel, Martin.
4992:Ceadel, Martin.
4985:Brown, Heloise.
4963:National studies
4839:Durand, André. "
4792:
4791:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4727:. Archived from
4721:
4715:
4714:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4664:. Archived from
4657:Comment Magazine
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4526:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4497:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4387:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4257:Women Wage Peace
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4195:
4189:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4163:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4137:
4130:
4124:
4117:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4018:
4012:
3992:
3983:
3967:
3961:
3951:
3945:
3936:Robert Lindsey.
3934:
3928:
3919:
3913:
3912:, June 21, 1983.
3904:
3898:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3879:. Archived from
3873:
3867:
3850:
3844:
3835:Jerry Brown and
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3657:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3572:
3566:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3460:
3451:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3373:
3367:
3356:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3297:
3291:
3279:Burnet Hershey,
3277:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3243:. April 6, 2017.
3237:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3124:
3118:
3108:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3035:Political Theory
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2970:
2959:
2953:
2952:(1972) pp. 68â74
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2912:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2872:. Archived from
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2824:
2818:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2755:
2749:
2748:(1967) pp 13â80.
2742:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2669:
2664:Michael Howard,
2662:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2483:Capitalist peace
2287:Lafayette Square
2264:, March 19, 2011
2107:Waihopai Station
2103:Harewood Airport
2064:Maire Leadbeater
2031:Women Wage Peace
1975:Mattityahu Peled
1966:pre-1967 borders
1845:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1802:
1794:
1764:Gerhard Schröder
1720:1981 protest in
1674:House of Commons
1537:Hoover Institute
1503:Nevada Test Site
1491:Washington, D.C.
1439:Harold Macmillan
1366:Committee of 100
1362:Bertrand Russell
1323:Trafalgar Square
1185:Bertrand Russell
1131:Richard B. Gregg
1087:established the
1073:Beverley Nichols
1047:Novels and films
916:Jeannette Rankin
758:. Tolstoy wrote
736:and advocate of
732:, leader of the
432:(994 and 1031),
415:
297:ethical conflict
289:ethnic cleansing
263:Anti-Americanism
203:decentralization
187:environmentalism
147:direct democracy
66:
63:
57:
45:
44:
37:
21:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6648:
6644:Peace movements
6614:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6598:
6572:
6545:
6532:Vienna Document
6487:
6453:Kurdish/Turkish
6421:
6375:
6366:War termination
6281:
6276:
6246:
6241:
6228:
6157:
6101:Afghanistan War
6052:Second Boer War
6028:
6022:
5846:
5669:
5523:
5469:Peace education
5352:Peace advocates
5347:
5338:
5308:
5299:
5278:
5276:Primary sources
5230:Women and Peace
5119:History Teacher
4975:
4965:
4857:Hinsley, F. H.
4850:Giugni, Marco.
4818:Carter, April.
4800:
4798:Further reading
4795:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4752:
4750:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4701:Colman McCarthy
4699:
4698:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4638:. 25 April 2024
4628:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4611:
4602:
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4587:
4585:
4576:
4575:
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4559:
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4549:
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4504:
4502:
4495:
4490:
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4485:
4475:
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4466:
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4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
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4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4409:
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4404:
4394:
4392:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4284:Washington Post
4278:
4277:
4270:
4261:
4259:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4212:
4208:
4196:
4192:
4183:
4179:
4170:
4166:
4157:
4153:
4144:
4140:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4114:
4105:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4073:Thomas Rochon,
4072:
4068:
4059:
4055:
4046:Wayback Machine
4037:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4006:Wayback Machine
3993:
3986:
3977:Wayback Machine
3968:
3964:
3952:
3948:
3935:
3931:
3925:Gainesville Sun
3920:
3916:
3905:
3901:
3892:
3888:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3866:, July 2, 2007.
3861:Wayback Machine
3851:
3847:
3837:Rinaldo Brutoco
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3641:
3632:
3628:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3549:
3545:
3536:
3529:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3461:
3454:
3437:Wayback Machine
3430:Albert Einstein
3427:
3423:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3357:
3353:
3340:
3336:
3320:
3316:
3308:Mises Institute
3299:
3298:
3294:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3208:
3202:Wayback Machine
3193:
3189:
3174:
3170:
3162:F. H. Hinsley,
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2913:
2909:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2807:Jill Liddington
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2744:F. H. Hinsley,
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2722:Hinsley, F. H.
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2468:
2450:", to join the
2392:Janis Karpinski
2367:Not in Our Name
2254:
2244:
2182:, (VSC, led by
2149:
2068:Bunny McDairmid
2048:
2040:Northern Israel
1917:Sinai Peninsula
1856:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1815:
1803:
1792:
1772:Joschka Fischer
1714:
1666:
1661:
1652:
1650:Europe in 1980s
1621:My Lai massacre
1610:just war theory
1600:groups and the
1559:
1553:
1431:John F. Kennedy
1277:
1267:
1246:draft resisters
1197:Albert Einstein
1149:
1143:
1101:
1054:Death of a Hero
1049:
983:
971:Main articles:
969:
952:
950:Interwar period
924:
837:First World War
819:
813:
723:
641:social upheaval
581:David Low Dodge
566:Napoleonic Wars
550:
502:
446:
436:(c. 1000), and
406:
400:
395:
324:nuclear weapons
322:, particularly
295:, or engage in
270:health security
233:
227:
171:peace activists
139:open government
91:social movement
67:
61:
58:
55:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6657:
6655:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6616:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6555:Peace treaties
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6509:
6502:
6500:
6493:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6361:Separate peace
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:Peace movement
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6321:Peace congress
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6252:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6214:United Kingdom
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6032:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5996:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5837:Women in Black
5834:
5833:
5832:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5600:Green politics
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5570:Antimilitarism
5567:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5474:Peace movement
5471:
5466:
5464:Peace congress
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:Peace churches
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5404:ECOPEACE Party
5401:
5396:
5394:Counterculture
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5345:peace movement
5339:
5337:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5314:
5307:
5306:
5298:
5297:External links
5295:
5294:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5261:
5247:
5244:French History
5240:
5233:
5226:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5177:
5163:
5153:
5146:
5134:Locke, Elsie.
5132:
5125:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5070:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5032:
5018:
5008:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4957:online reviews
4949:
4939:
4929:
4922:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4876:
4866:
4855:
4848:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4778:
4759:
4734:
4731:on 2012-07-10.
4716:
4692:
4678:
4659:. (Communist)
4649:
4621:
4595:
4584:. 28 July 2014
4569:
4543:
4512:
4483:
4454:
4428:
4402:
4374:
4344:
4319:
4295:
4268:
4244:
4219:
4206:
4190:
4184:Gary Moffatt,
4177:
4164:
4151:
4138:
4125:
4112:
4099:
4079:
4066:
4053:
4051:, May 4, 2010.
4031:
4028:on 2011-01-04.
4013:
3984:
3982:, May 2, 2005.
3962:
3946:
3929:
3914:
3899:
3893:Harvey Klehr.
3886:
3868:
3845:
3828:
3805:
3792:
3769:
3756:"Strontium-90"
3746:
3720:
3699:
3678:
3665:
3652:
3639:
3633:April Carter,
3626:
3606:
3592:
3567:
3543:
3527:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3452:
3421:
3408:
3386:
3368:
3351:
3334:
3314:
3292:
3272:
3259:
3253:Steven Watts,
3246:
3232:
3219:
3206:
3187:
3181:2002-11-08 at
3168:
3155:
3146:
3139:
3119:
3103:
3097:Faisal Devji,
3090:
3083:
3063:
3050:
3043:
3025:
3011:
2991:
2977:
2954:
2941:
2928:
2907:
2886:
2852:
2839:
2819:
2795:
2783:
2770:
2750:
2737:
2728:
2715:
2697:Eric Roberts.
2689:
2680:"Peace of God"
2670:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2427:Betty Williams
2243:
2240:
2188:the Lucas Plan
2161:British Empire
2151:From 1934 the
2148:
2147:United Kingdom
2145:
2126:Winston Peters
2047:
2044:
1952:Oslo Agreement
1940:First Intifada
1905:Menachem Begin
1883:Shalom Akhshav
1852:Main article:
1848:
1847:
1806:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1776:Jacques Chirac
1713:
1710:
1670:Agnes Macphail
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1304:Downing Street
1266:
1263:
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1100:
1097:
1048:
1045:
999:F. C. Hanighen
968:
965:
951:
948:
923:
920:
845:antimilitarist
812:
809:
744:Mahatma Gandhi
730:Mahatma Gandhi
722:
719:
678:Frédéric Passy
651:a year later.
549:
546:
534:Jeremy Bentham
501:
498:
470:peace churches
445:
444:Peace churches
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402:Main article:
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282:social justice
241:war in general
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163:demonstrations
151:whistleblowers
87:peace movement
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18:Peace activism
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6346:Peace process
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6079:War on Terror
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5903:Draft evasion
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5883:De-escalation
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5785:Peace One Day
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5127:Laity, Paul.
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4951:Weitz, Eric.
4950:
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4668:on 2012-08-28
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4610:. 17 May 2017
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4604:"Last decade"
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3623:. 1958-04-05.
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3561:
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3552:The CND Story
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3183:archive.today
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3110:reprinted in
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3084:9780887063312
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3057:James Geary,
3054:
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3044:81-219-0346-7
3040:
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2876:on 2016-03-08
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2840:9781139471855
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2812:
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2705:on 2013-12-03
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2668:(2001) pp1-6.
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2586:Peace symbols
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2435:Jody Williams
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2431:Harold Pinter
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2242:United States
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2178:Although the
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2032:
2028:
2027:2014 Gaza War
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:Ya'akov Arnon
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:Yasser Arafat
1953:
1949:
1948:Yitzhak Rabin
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
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1873:and the 1967
1872:
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1812:
1807:This section
1805:
1801:
1796:
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1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:German Greens
1757:
1756:Green parties
1752:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:war on terror
1698:
1693:
1691:
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1679:
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1663:
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1649:
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1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:Stephen Spiro
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1579:South Vietnam
1576:
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1563:
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1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
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1412:
1408:
1407:Linus Pauling
1403:
1401:
1400:peace protest
1397:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:hydrogen bomb
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1286:
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1276:
1272:
1264:
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1259:
1255:
1254:Ammon Hennacy
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:tax resisters
1239:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Olaf Kullmann
1221:
1217:
1214:Pacifists in
1212:
1210:
1206:
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1198:
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1190:
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1140:
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4558:. 9 May 2018
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3819:. Retrieved
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2404:
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2371:A.N.S.W.E.R.
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2208:
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2052:Sonya Davies
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1926:
1913:Jimmy Carter
1895:
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1882:
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1857:
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6336:Peacemaking
6209:Switzerland
6194:Netherlands
6067:Vietnam War
6057:World War I
5928:Human Be-In
5665:World peace
5630:Nonviolence
5595:Finvenkismo
5575:Appeasement
5489:Peaceworker
4910:, editors,
4175:9.1 (1988).
3739:October 13,
3515:Gordon Zahn
3037:. S.chand.
2950:Gandhi Marg
2817:(pp. 14-5).
2630:World peace
2603:Peaceworker
2478:Appeasement
2415:Nobel Prize
2396:Dahr Jamail
2211:peace camps
2192:Mike Cooley
2165:imperialism
2060:Elsie Locke
2046:New Zealand
1987:Aryeh Eliav
1962:Gush Shalom
1938:During the
1901:Anwar Sadat
1875:Six-Day War
1744:West German
1632:segregation
1594:colonialism
1586:imperialism
1575:Vietnam War
1487:Los Angeles
1466:Pershing II
1413:. The 1961
1379:during the
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1331:Aldermaston
1250:Dorothy Day
1121:Simone Weil
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1113:José Brocca
1020:(PPU). The
993:(1934), by
943:Jane Addams
896:Jane Addams
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770:nonviolence
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672:formed the
637:Crimean War
624:arbitration
564:During the
466:Reformation
457:(1847), by
368:primitivism
364:Neo-Luddism
278:health care
245:Vietnam War
207:hospitality
195:anti-racism
153:who expose
119:peace camps
99:world peace
6618:Categories
6296:(category)
6174:Costa Rica
5960:Peace walk
5772:Peace News
5650:Satyagraha
5635:Pacificism
5625:Nonkilling
5539:Anarchism
5528:Ideologies
5444:Peace camp
4753:2007-11-03
4687:"About us"
4672:2012-09-05
4338:2017-07-16
4313:2017-07-16
4289:2017-07-16
4262:2017-07-16
4238:2024-05-15
3864:The Nation
3586:2019-02-27
3428:Quoted on
3377:"Pacifism"
3289:1299115713
3018:17 January
2984:14 January
2880:2013-12-02
2846:2013-02-07
2777:2013-02-07
2709:2013-12-02
2653:References
2598:Peace Ship
2591:Peace flag
2278:Beyond War
2246:See also:
2219:Tony Blair
2056:Kate Dewes
2025:After the
2000:Uri Avnery
1991:Golda Meir
1954:and shook
1596:, such as
1590:capitalism
1535:, and the
1523:, held in
1313:The first
1269:See also:
1159:, Berkeley
1077:Cry Havoc!
1016:, and the
939:Peace Ship
928:Henry Ford
922:Henry Ford
910:, and the
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484:, and the
482:Mennonites
376:Greenpeace
360:proteomics
229:See also:
155:war crimes
6522:military
6162:Countries
6143:Landmines
6131:in Russia
6089:Criticism
5898:Desertion
5384:Code Pink
4145:Preston,
3735:. Science
3360:Historian
2355:Code Pink
2213:, as the
2205:in London
2184:Tariq Ali
2140:Stockholm
1970:Jerusalem
1922:West Bank
1897:Peace Now
1879:Peace Now
1640:Woodstock
1545:Manhattan
1478:arms race
1405:In 1958,
1335:Berkshire
1232:Wehrmacht
841:socialist
666:socialist
593:Gibraltar
111:diplomacy
77:Cover of
62:June 2023
6605:Category
6563:Category
6380:Theories
6306:Pacifism
6286:Concepts
6237:Category
6094:Protests
6084:Iraq War
5987:Teach-in
5640:Pacifism
5341:Anti-war
4042:Archived
4002:Archived
3980:Fox News
3973:Archived
3857:Archived
3839:(1997).
3580:Archived
3558:, 1983,
3433:Archived
3198:Archived
3179:Archived
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2365:(MFSO),
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2310:Gulf War
2203:Iraq War
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1751:agents.
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645:Brussels
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426:Narbonne
422:Charroux
378:and the
356:genetics
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309:military
305:ideology
301:religion
259:Islamism
215:theology
211:ideology
199:feminism
191:veganism
183:humanism
127:anti-war
115:boycotts
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6179:Germany
5810:Symbols
5756:Museums
4874:excerpt
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4093:(2009)
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3266:Watts,
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438:Bourges
430:Limoges
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414:Pax Dei
393:History
387:Germany
313:justice
52:updated
6577:People
6540:(1992)
6534:(1990)
6528:(1990)
6508:(1975)
6438:Cyprus
6184:Israel
6169:Canada
5908:Die-in
5858:Bed-in
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5535:Ahimsa
5269:online
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5790:Plays
5706:Films
5686:Books
5645:Peace
5504:Unity
4642:6 May
4635:Stuff
4614:6 May
4588:6 May
4562:6 May
4536:6 May
4525:(PDF)
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