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myristate. Applying large quantities of a moisturizing creams regularly causes persistent hydration of the layer which may cause impairment and occlusion of the barrier function, irritation of the hair follicle, and proliferation of skin flora. Occlusion is the sealing of the moisture. Proliferation is the cells continuing to divide to create usually new healthy cells. This is a process that cells of all kinds normally and often do. For some people, this act of moisturizing excessive can affect the typically proliferation of skin flora. Skin flora is the typical bacteria and cells that sits on a person's face. Transepidermal water loss is also seen as associated to perioral dermatitis. Transepidermal water loss is water that is lost from the inside of the body by doing through the skin to the outside world. There are associations that water loss is greater with older adults but perioral dermatitis can still occur in younger people. Barrier dysfunction is seen as a large cosmetic association to perioral dermatitis. Combining this with night cream and foundation significantly increases risk of perioral dermatitis 13-fold. In a similar fashion, foundation and sunscreen also create extra occlusive layers that may affect the skin. Physical sunscreens also have been seen to have an associations These are potential associations to perioral dermatitis and thoughts of how it may cause perioral dermatitis; however, the exact pathology is still unknown. This also does not mean that those that use these products will be sure to develop perioral dermatitis.
523:. Tetracycline is given at a daily dosage of 250 to 500 mg twice a day for 4 to 8 weeks. Gastrointestinal issues, diarrhea, and photosensitivity are possible short term side effects when taking tetracycline. Sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, has a lower potential of causing bacterial resistance and gastrointestinal issues compared to other tetracycline medications. Possible side effects of sarecycline include mainly nausea and sunburn being very rare. Pregnant women and pediatric patients can not take tetracycline due to possible harm to the fetus and severe staining of developing teeth. Erythromycin is often given as an alternative to those that can't take tetracycline, given at a daily dosage of 250 to 500 mg. Erythromycin may be used as a cream. Doxycycline is a second generation tetracycline with improved absorption and a broader anti-bacterial spectrum. Doxycycline is most often the first antibiotic drug choice, given at a daily dosage of 100 mg for up to a month before considering tapering off or stopping. Sometimes, longer duration of low doses of doxycycline are required. Possible side effects of doxycycline include gastrointestinal issues and irritation in the esophagus.
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dermatitis. Some of these are topical corticosteroids, oral corticosteroids, and inhaled corticosteroids. There have been clinical trials that show a correlation between these corticosteroids; however, a direct cause has not been confirmed. The highest link seems to be with topical corticosteroids in comparison to the others and there seems to be a higher chance of development of perioral dermatitis with greater strength steroids. It has also been seen that chronic use of steroids show a higher rate of developing perioral dermatitis. Discontinuing the steroids often initially worsens the dermatitis, which leads to some conflicting beliefs as some people believe the steroids were initially controlling the condition. Perioral dermatitis has a tendency to occur on the drier parts of the face and can be aggravated by drying agents including topical benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin and lotions with an alcohol base.Reports of perioral dermatitis in renal transplant recipients treated with oral corticosteroids and azathioprine have been documented.
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control pills) may also have a link as they significantly impact the hormonal balance of the people taking them. Hormones are nature chemicals in the body that act as messengers by relaying information to different parts of the body. These levels are normally regulated by the body; however, they can be changed by other factors such as oral contraceptives. Gastrointestinal (GI) changes may also be linked with perioral dermatitis. The GI system includes all the organs for food to be broken down, absorbed, and excreted out of the body. is. The condition may be potentially worsened by fluoridate toothpaste, excessive wind, or heat. The possibility of an association with wearing a veil has been documented as well. Some other miscellaneous factors include emotional stress, malabsorption, and latex gloves.
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cream for more than four weeks will be ineffective, while use of azelaic gel for more than six weeks will be ineffective. While these two medications previously mentioned decrease in effectiveness after a certain period of time, oral tetracycline, on the other hand, have been shown to have decreased effectiveness if used prior to twenty days of disease diagnosis.
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entirely if possible. Abrupt discontinuation of a topical corticosteroid may lead to rebound flares that can be worse than the primary dermatitis. If the flare proves intolerable, temporary use of a less potent topical corticosteroid can often be helpful. Slowly reducing the use of topical corticosteroids over time can help prevent rebound flares.
369:, and fusobacteria has not been confirmed, but could be potential causes for development as well. There are different types of the infections such as bacterial, yeast, and parasitic. From different clinical trials, it seems that a bacteria infection is more like to lead to perioral dermatitis than the other types.
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Most commonly in females between the ages of 16 and 45 years, perioral dermatitis also occurs equally in all racial and ethnic backgrounds and include children as young as three months and is increasingly reported in male. In children, females are more likely affected. It has an incidence of up to 1%
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Perioral dermatitis is frequently histologically similar to rosacea with the two conditions overlapping considerably. There is a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with perifollicular localization and marked granulomatous inflammation. Occasionally, perifollicular abscesses may be present when pustules and
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Perioral dermatitis can occur with corticosteroids, which is often shortened to steroids. Steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs so they are used to reduce swelling and redness that is caused by the body. There are different forms of steroids, many of which can contribute to the development of perioral
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When giving patients their medication, healthcare workers need to be aware of the possibility of the perioral dermatitis coming back to the patient again, as well as exacerbation. If the perioral dermatitis comes back again, the medication that they took prior may not work the second time around, so
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More studies lately shows other possible solutions to use for the treatment, one such study shows the use of TRPV1 inhibitor 4-t butylcyclohexanol. The TPRV receptor activates as a defense against possible pain like inflammatory reactions, which could lead to the possible development of the perioral
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For more rare cases, cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride, a beta lactam antibiotic, has been used in treating perioral dermatitis presumably caused by
Fusobacteria. Improvement was visible in 1 to 2 weeks and cured in 2 to 5 weeks. Isotretinoin was used in treating granulomatous perioral dermatitis at a
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Perioral dermatitis will usually resolve within a few months without medication, by limiting the use of irritants, including products with fragrance, cosmetics, benzoyl peroxide, occlusive sunscreens, and various acne products. This is called zero treatment. Topical corticosteroids should be stopped
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Cosmetics play an important role as potential causal factors for perioral dermatitis. Cosmetics in this case include a variety of products that are applied to the face such as moisturizer, foundation, and sunscreen. It is especially seen when these products contain petroleum, paraffin, or isopropyl
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The exact cause of perioral dermatitis is unclear; however there are some associations that are suspected. There have been clinical trials to look at the link between perioral dermatitis and steroids, infections, and typical face products. These factors may play a role in the development of perioral
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Metronidazole is less effective, but is available in a gel and can be applied twice daily. For pediatric patients, metronidazole can be used as an alternative to tetracycline. Metronidazole comes in various concentrations ranging from 0.75% to 2%. Higher concentrated metronidazole did not equate to
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There is a possible discovery of new information that the perioral dermatitis develops due to damage to the skin barrier in the facial area, which possibly led to the patients become expose to both the internal and external factors that may contributes to the development of the perioral dermatitis.
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Initially, there may be small pinpoint papules either side of the nostrils. Multiple small (1-2mm) papules and pustules then occur around the mouth, nose and sometimes cheeks. The area of skin directly adjacent to the lips, also called the vermillion border, is spared and looks normal. There may be
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by mouth. Stopping steroids may initially worsen the rash. The condition is estimated to affect 0.5-1% of people a year in the developed world. Up to 90% of those affected are women between the ages of 16 and 45 years, though it also affects children and the elderly, and has an increasing incidence
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There are findings that in the adult age, women dominate the affected population over the men, and the most affected age are those in their twenties or thirties. However, those in the children age range, the majority of the affected populations are those before puberty, and there are more affected
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The most common medications to help treat perioral dermatitis are oral tetracycline, pimecrolimus cream, and azelaic gel. However, some of these medications can't be used for prolonged periods of time, otherwise they will no longer be effective against the disease. For example, use of pimecrolimus
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Perioral dermatitis can also be caused by other factors, such as, stress, oily secretions, and intake of fluids, all of which were impacted as COVID cases increased, which further increased the rates of wearing masks. This, in turn, resulted in an increased level of stress and oil secretions along
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Many individuals who have perioral dermatitis, amongst other skin issues, have an increase risk of experiencing mental health issues, such as, depression, anxiety, and stress. This is particularly more prevalent in adolescents, compared to adults, due to the presence of more social stigmas during
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cream has been suggested as effective in improving symptoms. However, this has also been documented to cause the condition. Topical pimecrolimus is often used in treating corticosteroid induced perioral dermatitis due to it being a non-steroid based cream. Pimecrolimus is generally well tolerated
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While there may be other topical medications that can be effective against perioral dermatitis, such as erythromycin emulsion or metronidazole cream, studies have shown that their effectiveness varied amongst different random controlled trials. As a result, these two topical medications, amongst
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The disorder appears to have made a sudden appearance with a case of 'light sensitive seborrhoeid' in 1957, which is said to be the first nearest description of the condition. By 1964, the condition in adults became popularly known as perioral dermatitis, but without clear clinical criteria. In
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There are a variety of other potential factors that are suspected to cause or worsen perioral dermatitis; however, enough research has not been done to shown a link as strong as that with corticosteroids. Hormonal changes may be linked to causing perioral dermatitis. Oral contraceptives (birth
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A variant of perioral dermatitis called granulomatous perioral dermatitis (GPD) is often seen in prepubertal children or in darker skin phenotypes. GPD lesions may appear yellow on a diascopy. Patients report irritation but are usually asymptomatic. For children with GPD, a skin biopsy showing
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Topical corticosteroids may lead to increase micro-organism density in the hair follicle. Micro-organisms are small living things that a person is not able to see without a microscope. Normally people have micro-organisms all over their body but the type and amount can be quickly changed by
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A stinging and burning sensation with rash is often felt and noticed, but itching is less common. Often the rash is steroid responsive, initially improving with application of topical steroid. The redness caused by perioral dermatitis has been associated with variable level of
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A diagnosis of perioral dermatitis is typically made based on the characteristics of the rash. A skin biopsy is usually not required to make the diagnosis but can be helpful to rule out other skin diseases which may resemble perioral dermatitis. Extended
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some mild background redness and occasional scale. These areas of skin are felt to be drier and therefore there is a tendency to moisturize them more frequently. Hence, they do not tolerate drying agents well and the rash can be worsened by them.
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Topical adapalene has been reported to resolve a case of perioral dermatitis in 4 weeks without any side effects. The dose used was 1% adapalene gel once a day at night. The patient did not have recurrence during the 8-month follow up period.
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Amongst the few adult men who find themselves diagnosed with perioral dermatitis, it has been shown in multiple studies the reason behind it is due to them taking volatile alkyl nitrates, an inhaled product used to relax muscles.
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However, many factors can play a role in the development of perioral dermatitis in patients, as well as their severity of the disease. This can cause to develop many treatment plans that would cater the best towards the patient.
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Hoepfner A, Marsela E, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Horvath ON, Sardy M, French LE, et al. (June 2020). "Rosacea and perioral dermatitis: a single-center retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation of 1032 patients".
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1970, the condition was recognized in children. That all rashes around the mouth are perioral dermatitis has since been frequently debated. That this condition should be renamed periorificial dermatitis has been proposed.
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may be useful to also rule out allergic contact causes. If the skin biopsy show signs of other components such as bacteria, the healthcare workers can do further lab testing such as culture or other test like a diascopy.
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Srour J, Bengel J, Linden T, Jovanovic Z, Roggenkamp D, Reinholz M, et al. (June 2020). "Efficacy of a skin care cream with TRPV1 inhibitor 4-t-butylcyclohexanol in the topical therapy of perioral dermatitis".
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Perioral dermatitis is also known by other names including rosacea-like dermatoses, periorofacial dermatitis and periorificial dermatitis. Unlike rosacea which involves mainly the nose and cheeks, there is no
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Salari N, Heidarian P, Hosseinian-Far A, Babajani F, Mohammadi M (August 2024). "Global
Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Patients with Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".
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was a
British dermatologist who gave one of the earliest 'definitive' descriptions of 'perioral dermatitis' and noted that the condition was not always associated with the use of fluoridated steroid creams.
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dose of 0.7 mg/kg/day isotretinoin for 20 weeks. However, the patient was also taking a series of combination therapies. Isotretinoin also requires long term monitoring for potential side effects.
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Chiang C, Gessner N, Burli A, Liszewski W, Mansh M, Nguyen CV, et al. (2024-06-01). "Poppers
Dermatitis®: A Systematic Review on a Unique Form of Contact Dermatitis® in the MSM Community".
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Improvement with tetracyclines is usually seen after 4 days and significantly so after 2 weeks. In severe cases, longer periods of treatment may be required to achieve cosmetic satisfaction.
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Gray NA, Tod B, Rohwer A, Fincham L, Visser WI, McCaul M (March 2022). "Pharmacological interventions for periorificial (perioral) dermatitis in children and adults: a systematic review".
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Most treatment plans were developed through trial and error. Treatment plans usually comprise of a systemic treatment such as an oral antibiotic or a topical treatment like metronidazole.
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Flinn C, McInerney A, Nearchou F (May 2024). "The prevalence of comorbid mental health difficulties in young people with chronic skin conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
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Individuals who use topical steroids long past standard treatment plans or chronically may increase the risk of developing other severe diseases such as severe dermatitis.
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338:. It is important to note that an underlying cause can not always be known for patients as the exact mechanism of action to develop perioral dermatitis is not known.
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Perioral dermatitis is likely to fully resolve with short courses of antibiotics but if left untreated it can persist for years and take on a chronic form.
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dermatitis. Although light exposure has been discounted as a causal factor, some reports of perioral dermatitis have been made by some patients receiving
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or perioral irritant contact dermatitis due to lip-licking is considered a separate disease categorized under irritant contact dermatitis due to saliva.
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In some cases, it can be resolve for the patient to stop taking external factors that may play a role in the development of perioral dermatitis.
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in developed countries. While perioral dermatitis is more prevalent amongst young females compared to male, the reason behind why is unclear.
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Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Attreed NJ, Campbell WW, Channell AM, Chassagne P, et al. (Cochrane Kidney and
Transplant Group) (April 2015).
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Topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide are potentially irritating products that can cause inflammation of the skin and should be avoided.
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Lee GL, Zirwas MJ (July 2015). "Granulomatous
Rosacea and Periorificial Dermatitis: Controversies and Review of Management and Treatment".
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Lee GL, Zirwas MJ (July 2015). "Granulomatous
Rosacea and Periorificial Dermatitis: Controversies and Review of Management and Treatment".
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Ljubojeviae S, Basta-Juzbasiae A, Lipozenèiae J (March 2002). "Steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea: aetiopathogenesis and treatment".
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Tempark T, Shwayder TA (April 2014). "Perioral dermatitis: a review of the condition with special attention to treatment options".
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Tempark T, Shwayder TA (April 2014). "Perioral dermatitis: a review of the condition with special attention to treatment options".
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Layton AM, Eady EE, Zouboulis CC (2016). "Chapter 90: Acne". In
Griffiths C, Barker J, Bleiker T, Chalmers R, Creamer D (eds.).
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Treatment regimens are advised to treat perioral dermatitis using the lowest possible dose for antibiotics and other therapies.
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granulomatous infiltrate is needed to confirm diagnosis in an atypical patient. If the GPD is mild, treatment is not mandatory.
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in perioral dermatitis. Rosacea also has a tendency to be present in older people. Acne can be distinguished by the presence of
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dermatitis. The study presents that the symptoms of perioral dermatitis in patients take it shows improvement within 8 weeks.
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Mokos ZB, Kummer A, Mosler EL, Čeović R, Basta-Juzbašić A (June 2015). "PERIORAL DERMATITIS: STILL A THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE".
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Mokos ZB, Kummer A, Mosler EL, Čeović R, Basta-Juzbašić A (June 2015). "Perioral
Dermatitis: Still a Therapeutic Challenge".
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may contribute. The underlying mechanism may involve blockage of the skin surface followed by subsequent excessive growth of
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1375:"Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people"
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Balić A, Vlašić D, Mokos M, Marinović B (September 2019). "The Role of the Skin
Barrier in Periorificial Dermatitis".
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Searle T, Ali FR, Al-Niaimi F (December 2021). "Perioral dermatitis: Diagnosis, proposed etiologies, and management".
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Ellis CN, Stawiski MA (July 1982). "The treatment of perioral dermatitis, acne rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis".
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A number of medications, either applied directly to the skin or taken by mouth, may hasten recovery. These include
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Wollenberg A, Bieber T, Dirschka T, Luger T, Meurer M, Proksch E, et al. (May 2011). "Perioral dermatitis".
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The pathophysiology of perioral dermatitis is related to disease of the hair follicle as is now included in the
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may also worsen the condition, but their roles in this condition are unclear. It is considered a disease of the
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1459:"Association of perioral dermatitis with facial mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study"
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Powell FC (2016). "Chapter 91: Rosacea". In Griffiths C, Barker J, Bleiker T, Chalmers R, Creamer D (eds.).
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Treatment is typically by stopping topical steroids, changing cosmetics, and in more severe cases, taking
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the healthcare workers may need to create a secondary treatment plan around the return of the disease.
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and allergic dermatitis. The term "dermatitis" is a misnomer because this is not an eczematous process.
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1834:"A Retrospective Review of a Cohort of Patients with Periorificial Dermatitis Treated with Sarecycline"
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Weber K, Thurmayr R (2005). "Critical appraisal of reports on the treatment of perioral dermatitis".
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and by its wider distribution on the face and chest. There are no comedones in perioral dermatitis.
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Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology
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Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology
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shorter time to cure times. If the perioral dermatitis was triggered by a topical steroid then
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Alawi F, Shields BE, Omolehinwa T, Rosenbach M (October 2020). "Oral Granulomatous Disease".
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1178:"Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis: case report and review of the literature"
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1007:"Chapter 3: Perioral dermatitis and miscellaneous inflammatory disorders of unknown origin"
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Jansen T (March 2002). "Perioral dermatitis successfully treated with topical adapalene".
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Multiple treatment regimes are available and treatment algorithms have been proposed.
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corticosteroids. This may lead to an infection. The role of infectious agents such as
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may be involved. It can be persistent or recurring, and resembles particularly
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sometimes with background redness and scale, localized to the skin around the
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Papules around mouth and nostrils with some background redness and sparing of
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Lim GF, Cusack CA, Kist JM (April 2014). "Perioral lesions and dermatoses".
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with a rare side effect of a burning sensation at the application site.
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Kammler HJ, Zaenglein AL (November 2020). Talavera F, James WD (eds.).
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1041:. London: Heritage Centre, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from
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Other skin diseases that may resemble perioral dermatitis include:
1107:(Ninth ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
1079:(Ninth ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
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changes around the hair follicle. Diagnosis is based on symptoms.
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Lipozencic J, Ljubojevic S (2011-03-01). "Perioral dermatitis".
905:"Perioral Dermatitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
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Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies
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others, may not be the ideal solution for perioral dermatitis.
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Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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Meer EA, Patel SB, Herskowitz WB, Briceño CA (October 2023).
753:(8th ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 926–928.
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Habif TP (2009). "7. Acne, Rosacea, and Related Disorders".
1775:. Clinical Approaches to Oral Mucosal Disorders: Part II.
1422:
Lipozenčić J, Hadžavdić SL (2014). "Perioral dermatitis".
1316:
Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH (2018).
1531:"ICD-11 Beta Draft - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
1507:"ICD-11 Beta Draft - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
831:(5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 219.
745:
Goldsmith LP, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS (2012).
859:"Evidence based review of perioral dermatitis therapy"
1813:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 11 December 2009
791:(4th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 609–610.
2016:"The treatment of refractory periorbital dermatitis"
3631:
3603:
3504:
3493:
3294:
3235:
3182:
3147:
3028:
2884:
2873:
2805:
2633:
2624:
2308:
942:(5th ed.). Mosby, Elsevier. pp. 253–255.
169:
153:
143:
123:
115:
103:
83:
71:
46:
41:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
903:
3317:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
1838:The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
621:, condition that primarily manifests in childhood
1674:
1672:
1670:
1581:
1579:
1577:
863:Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
609:Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis
596:one's teen years as opposed to one's adulthood.
193:. Symptoms include multiple small (1–2 mm)
2416:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1594:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1311:
1309:
1176:Fakih A, Makhoul R, Grozdev I (December 2020).
1282:. Advances in Dermatologic Diagnosis: Part I.
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
3327:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
2285:
1341:
1339:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
751:Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine
8:
1322:(5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 619–620.
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
411:papules are the dominant clinical findings.
1457:Nahm WJ, Nagler AR, Milam EC (March 2023).
1379:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
852:
850:
848:
3501:
2881:
2630:
2292:
2278:
2270:
1832:Swenson K, Stern A, Graber E (June 2024).
696:
694:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
55:
38:
2041:
2031:
1849:
1482:
1398:
1193:
3322:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
2742:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
1681:American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
1035:"Peter Edward Darrell Sheldon Wilkinson"
654:American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
391:the face and decreased intake of water.
825:"8. The granulomatous reaction pattern"
631:
3302:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
857:Hall CS, Reichenberg J (August 2010).
232:are associated with the condition and
7:
3342:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
1621:The Medical Clinics of North America
3279:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
3160:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
2797:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
248:and some micro-organisms including
189:, is a common type of inflammatory
3020:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
2767:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
2252:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00388_2.x
1887:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00392_4.x
1436:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.034
1292:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.09.007
336:Psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy
25:
3284:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
3043:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
1556:Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica
747:"Chapter 82: Perioral dermatitis"
2115:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07329.x
1145:. Oral Medicine in Dermatology.
3444:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
3155:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
2020:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
1981:Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
1773:Dental Clinics of North America
1234:Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
149:Based on symptom and appearance
2461:Malalignment of the nail plate
1391:10.1002/14651858.CD009647.pub2
1104:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology
1076:Rook's Textbook of Dermatology
1:
3092:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
1633:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31396-7
1013:. CRC Press. pp. 32–39.
788:Atlas of clinical dermatology
403:due to be finalized in 2018.
3347:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
3250:Folliculitis nares perforans
2209:Journal of Health Psychology
1586:Tolaymat L, Hall MR (2024).
3117:Persistent edema of rosacea
457:Irritant contact dermatitis
3684:
3549:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
3377:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
2792:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
2596:Staining of the nail plate
2456:Longitudinal erythronychia
2451:Lichen planus of the nails
2186:10.1007/s10935-024-00784-0
1785:10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.009
1746:"Periorificial dermatitis"
1475:10.1016/j.jdin.2022.12.001
1182:Dermatology Online Journal
26:
3434:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
3262:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
2556:Pterygium inversum unguis
2217:10.1177/13591053241252216
1693:10.1007/s40257-014-0067-7
1155:10.1016/j.det.2020.05.004
977:10.1016/j.det.2015.03.009
715:10.1016/j.det.2015.03.009
666:10.1007/s40257-014-0067-7
63:
54:
3476:Uncombable hair syndrome
3460:Trichorrhexis invaginata
3274:Hidradenitis suppurativa
3132:Periorificial dermatitis
187:periorificial dermatitis
50:Periorificial dermatitis
27:Not to be confused with
18:Periorificial dermatitis
3454:Trichomycosis axillaris
3387:Parakeratosis pustulosa
2904:Acne miliaris necrotica
2685:(male-pattern baldness)
2649:noncicatricial alopecia
2566:Purpura of the nail bed
2033:10.4103/IJO.IJO_2944_22
880:(subscription required)
829:Weedon's Skin Pathology
687:(subscription required)
405:Lip licker's dermatitis
29:Lip licker's dermatitis
3471:Trichostasis spinulosa
3165:Periorbital dermatitis
3082:Papulopustular rosacea
3000:Acne with facial edema
2990:Acne keloidalis nuchae
2777:Folliculitis decalvans
2772:Graham-Little syndrome
2521:Onychoptosis defluvium
2150:10.1089/derm.2023.0157
1424:Clinics in Dermatology
1280:Clinics in Dermatology
614:Seborrhoeic dermatitis
468:Lip licker's cheilitis
382:Other Potential Causes
228:The cause is unclear.
155:Differential diagnosis
3641:Sebaceous hyperplasia
3556:Granulosis rubra nasi
3419:Pityriasis amiantacea
3372:Loose anagen syndrome
3312:Bubble hair deformity
3102:Gram-negative rosacea
2865:Nevoid hypertrichosis
2737:Pseudopelade of Brocq
2616:Twenty-nail dystrophy
2486:Nail–patella syndrome
2466:Median nail dystrophy
2211:: 13591053241252216.
2174:Journal of Prevention
1807:"Perioral dermatitis"
1716:Acta Clinica Croatica
1588:"Perioral Dermatitis"
1348:Acta Clinica Croatica
1011:Facial Skin Disorders
823:Patterson JW (2019).
447:Seborrheic dermatitis
209:. Less commonly, the
3524:Miliaria crystalline
3465:Trichorrhexis nodosa
2732:cicatricial alopecia
2714:Alopecia neoplastica
2709:Trichorrhexis nodosa
2337:Yellow nail syndrome
1195:10.5070/D32612051356
1143:Dermatologic Clinics
965:Dermatologic Clinics
939:Clinical Dermatology
785:Du Vivier A (2013).
703:Dermatologic Clinics
471:Demodex folliculitis
366:Demodex folliculorum
3666:Acneiform eruptions
3623:Fox–Fordyce disease
3408:Pili pseudoannulati
3362:Lichen planopilaris
3337:Hair follicle nevus
3255:Tufted folliculitis
3038:Perioral dermatitis
2787:Triangular alopecia
2704:Lichen planopilaris
2683:Androgenic alopecia
2586:Splinter hemorrhage
2581:Shell nail syndrome
2426:Half and half nails
1045:on 10 November 2017
221:and to some extent
183:Perioral dermatitis
42:Perioral dermatitis
3544:Occlusion miliaria
3534:Miliaria pustulosa
3424:Plica neuropathica
3122:Rosacea conglobata
2933:Acne medicamentosa
2752:Traumatic alopecia
2606:Subungual hematoma
1993:10.1111/jocd.13175
1463:JAAD International
1246:10.1111/jocd.14060
583:male than female.
453:contact dermatitis
292:Signs and symptoms
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3529:Miliaria profunda
3489:
3488:
3481:Woolly hair nevus
3367:Lichen spinulosus
3205:Trichilemmal cyst
3178:
3177:
3097:Glandular rosacea
3050:Phymatous rosacea
2980:Occupational acne
2762:Hot comb alopecia
2747:Pressure alopecia
2724:Alopecia mucinosa
2699:Traction alopecia
2694:Telogen effluvium
2080:10.1111/ddg.14120
2026:(10): 3386–3393.
1957:10.1159/000084754
1922:10.1111/jdv.17817
1329:978-0-7020-6912-3
1240:(12): 3839–3848.
1114:978-1-118-44119-0
1086:978-1-118-44119-0
1020:978-1-4356-2622-5
949:978-0-7234-3541-9
838:978-0-7020-7582-7
798:978-0-7020-3421-3
760:978-0-07-166904-7
619:Eczema herpeticum
461:Angular cheilitis
285:Darrell Wilkinson
180:
179:
145:Diagnostic method
66:vermillion border
36:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3673:
3502:
3439:Setleis syndrome
3403:Pili multigemini
3137:Pyoderma faciale
2882:
2719:Anagen effluvium
2631:
2561:Pterygium unguis
2481:Muehrcke's lines
2368:Onychotillomania
2294:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1987:(6): 1409–1414.
1975:
1969:
1968:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1676:
1645:
1644:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1275:
1258:
1257:
1229:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1098:
1070:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1005:Marks R (2007).
1002:
989:
988:
960:
954:
953:
933:
914:
913:
907:
899:
882:
881:
878:
854:
843:
842:
820:
803:
802:
782:
765:
764:
742:
727:
726:
698:
689:
688:
685:
649:
262:samples showing
230:Topical steroids
185:, also known as
130:Topical steroids
59:
39:
21:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3645:
3627:
3599:
3496:
3485:
3458:Trichorrhexis (
3290:
3231:
3200:Epidermoid cyst
3174:
3143:
3107:Steroid rosacea
3024:
2985:Acne aestivalis
2923:Excoriated acne
2899:Acne conglobata
2876:
2869:
2801:
2638:
2620:
2591:Spotted lunulae
2551:Psoriatic nails
2506:Onychomatricoma
2319:Onychogryphosis
2304:
2302:skin appendages
2298:
2268:
2267:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1678:
1677:
1648:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1385:(4): CD009647.
1372:
1371:
1367:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1277:
1276:
1261:
1231:
1230:
1211:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1115:
1100:
1099:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1004:
1003:
992:
962:
961:
957:
950:
935:
934:
917:
901:
900:
885:
879:
856:
855:
846:
839:
822:
821:
806:
799:
784:
783:
768:
761:
744:
743:
730:
700:
699:
692:
686:
651:
650:
633:
628:
605:
593:
576:
562:
509:
484:
421:
397:
395:Pathophysiology
384:
375:
353:
344:
342:Corticosteroids
331:
294:
280:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3561:Ross' syndrome
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3539:Miliaria rubra
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Colloid milium
3510:
3508:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3398:Pili bifurcati
3395:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Koenen's tumor
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3307:Acroosteolysis
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3211:Steatocystoma
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3194:Sebaceous cyst
3189:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3170:SAPHO syndrome
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Ocular rosacea
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Lupoid rosacea
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Acne necrotica
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Acne mechanica
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Acne cosmetica
2972:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2928:Acne fulminans
2925:
2920:
2914:Infantile acne
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2807:Hypertrichosis
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Tumor alopecia
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2644:
2642:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2601:Stippled nails
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Plummer's nail
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2246:(2): 121–126.
2230:
2199:
2180:(4): 611–649.
2163:
2144:(3): 198–204.
2128:
2109:(5): 422–427.
2093:
2074:(6): 561–570.
2057:
2006:
1970:
1951:(4): 300–307.
1935:
1916:(3): 380–390.
1900:
1881:(2): 175–177.
1865:
1824:
1798:
1779:(2): 401–435.
1763:
1733:
1722:(2): 179–185.
1706:
1687:(2): 101–113.
1646:
1627:(4): 819–830.
1611:
1573:
1562:(3): 169–179.
1546:
1522:
1498:
1449:
1414:
1365:
1335:
1328:
1305:
1286:(2): 157–161.
1259:
1209:
1168:
1149:(4): 429–439.
1128:
1113:
1085:
1056:
1026:
1019:
990:
971:(3): 447–455.
955:
948:
915:
883:
869:(4): 433–444.
844:
837:
804:
797:
766:
759:
728:
690:
660:(2): 101–113.
630:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
616:
611:
604:
601:
592:
589:
575:
572:
561:
558:
508:
505:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
458:
455:
449:
444:
439:
420:
417:
396:
393:
383:
380:
374:
371:
352:
349:
343:
340:
330:
327:
315:telangiectasia
293:
290:
279:
276:
244:. Fluoridated
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
157:
151:
150:
147:
141:
140:
127:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
110:Skin infection
107:
101:
100:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
61:
60:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Chromhidrosis
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:Hyperhidrosis
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Pili annulati
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Blepharophyma
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Neonatal acne
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Tropical acne
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Acne vulgaris
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Hypotrichosis
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Terry's nails
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Onychoschizia
2529:
2527:
2526:Onychorrhexis
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Onychomycosis
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Onychomadesis
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Onychoatrophy
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:Nail clubbing
2358:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:Disorders of
2295:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1752:. New Zealand
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:(1): 125–30.
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1354:(2): 179–85.
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
956:
951:
945:
941:
940:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
916:
911:
906:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
884:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
851:
849:
845:
840:
834:
830:
826:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
805:
800:
794:
790:
789:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
767:
762:
756:
752:
748:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:(3): 447–55.
708:
704:
697:
695:
691:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
632:
625:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
590:
588:
584:
580:
573:
571:
568:
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:
524:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
501:
497:
493:
490:
487:
481:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
462:
459:
456:
454:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Acne vulgaris
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
430:
427:
426:patch testing
418:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
394:
392:
388:
381:
379:
372:
370:
368:
367:
362:
360:
350:
348:
341:
339:
337:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
310:
306:
304:
300:
291:
289:
286:
277:
275:
272:
271:tetracyclines
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:hair follicle
253:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
105:Complications
102:
99:
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
74:
70:
67:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
34:
30:
19:
3588:Hypohidrosis
3581:Palmoplantar
3449:Trichomegaly
3352:Kinking hair
3269:Hidradenitis
3245:Folliculitis
3237:Inflammation
3126:
3037:
2943:Halogen acne
2937:steroid acne
2783:
2730:
2647:
2571:Racquet nail
2541:Pincer nails
2516:Onychophosis
2476:Melanonychia
2446:Ingrown nail
2436:Hapalonychia
2411:Chevron nail
2381:Ingrown nail
2373:Onychophagia
2347:Azure lunula
2332:Beau's lines
2243:
2239:
2233:
2208:
2202:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2023:
2019:
2009:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1844:(6): 50–54.
1841:
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:Medline Plus
1810:
1801:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1749:
1736:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1684:
1680:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1591:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1318:
1283:
1279:
1237:
1233:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1146:
1142:
1103:
1075:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:the original
1038:
1029:
1010:
968:
964:
958:
938:
912:. WebMD LLC.
909:
866:
862:
828:
787:
750:
706:
702:
657:
653:
598:
594:
585:
581:
577:
574:Epidemiology
569:
566:
563:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:pimecrolimus
525:
521:erythromycin
513:tetracycline
510:
502:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
474:Tinea faciei
431:
422:
413:
409:
398:
389:
385:
376:
364:
358:
354:
345:
332:
323:
311:
307:
295:
281:
268:
250:
234:moisturizers
227:
186:
182:
181:
175:tetracycline
125:Risk factors
33:
3571:Generalized
3382:Monilethrix
3183:Follicular
3065:Gnathophyma
3005:Pomade acne
2860:Prepubertal
2843:generalised
2839:Congenital
2828:generalised
2669:universalis
2576:Red lunulae
2536:Platonychia
2496:Onycholysis
2471:Mees' lines
2421:Green nails
2392:ungrouped:
2355:Koilonychia
2342:Leukonychia
2317:thickness:
1945:Dermatology
1535:icd.who.int
1511:icd.who.int
1039:Munk's Roll
517:doxycycline
465:Sarcoidosis
264:microscopic
138:moisturiser
78:Dermatology
47:Other names
3593:Anhidrosis
3413:Pili torti
3332:Hair casts
3055:Rhinophyma
2953:Bromoderma
2784:ungrouped:
2394:Paronychia
2366:behavior:
2324:Onychauxis
2138:Dermatitis
1605:2024-07-25
1592:StatPearls
1540:2017-11-14
1516:2017-11-09
1049:6 November
626:References
507:Medication
477:Syringomas
351:Infections
299:depression
246:toothpaste
242:skin flora
3633:Sebaceous
3613:Body odor
3576:Gustatory
3295:Ungrouped
3220:multiplex
3148:Ungrouped
3070:Metophyma
3015:Blackhead
2958:Chloracne
2948:Iododerma
2875:Acneiform
2848:localised
2833:patterned
2823:localised
2819:Acquired
2815:Hirsutism
2635:Hair loss
2441:Hook nail
2386:Anonychia
1756:26 August
1469:: 86–87.
1123:930026561
1095:930026561
560:Prognosis
482:Treatment
451:Allergic
419:Diagnosis
373:Cosmetics
319:comedones
238:cosmetics
215:genitalia
191:skin rash
170:Treatment
134:cosmetics
73:Specialty
3660:Category
3605:Apocrine
3514:Miliaria
3429:Poliosis
3127:variants
3075:Otophyma
2970:Tar acne
2965:Oil acne
2877:eruption
2853:X-linked
2674:Ophiasis
2654:Alopecia
2640:Baldness
2431:Hangnail
2260:12046812
2225:38812260
2194:38822990
2158:37788394
2123:21040469
2088:32469453
2052:37787240
2043:10683672
2001:31660683
1965:15942216
1930:34779023
1895:12046830
1860:38912196
1851:11189645
1817:7 August
1793:24655530
1744:(2016).
1742:Oakley A
1728:26415314
1701:24623018
1600:30247843
1568:31542061
1493:36569632
1444:24314386
1409:25924806
1360:26415314
1300:21396555
1254:33751778
1204:33423420
1163:32892852
985:26143424
910:Medscape
875:20823788
723:26143424
674:24623018
603:See also
274:in men.
207:nostrils
199:blisters
98:red skin
94:pustules
85:Symptoms
3506:Eccrine
3215:simplex
3030:Rosacea
2935:(e.g.,
2664:totalis
2404:Chronic
2379:other:
2353:shape:
2330:color:
1750:DermNet
1641:6212726
1484:9762909
1400:7097739
682:9113871
591:Impacts
437:Rosacea
361:species
359:Candida
303:anxiety
278:History
251:Candida
219:rosacea
160:Rosacea
119:Unknown
90:Papules
3497:glands
3391:Pili (
2659:areata
2258:
2223:
2192:
2156:
2121:
2086:
2050:
2040:
1999:
1963:
1928:
1893:
1858:
1848:
1791:
1726:
1699:
1639:
1598:
1566:
1491:
1481:
1442:
1407:
1397:
1358:
1326:
1298:
1252:
1202:
1188:(12).
1161:
1121:
1111:
1093:
1083:
1017:
983:
946:
873:
835:
795:
757:
721:
680:
672:
519:, and
401:ICD-11
329:Causes
260:biopsy
173:None,
116:Causes
3495:Sweat
3227:Milia
3185:cysts
2399:Acute
678:S2CID
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