203:
assessment to evaluate participants’ memory functions, including object recall, object pattern memorization, and response times. The researchers would then correlate extremely high performance scores with naturally occurring variations in the participants’ genomes. To validate their findings, the team would sequence, edit, and visualize DNA, model neuronal development in 3-D brain organoids ex vivo, and finally test emerging hypotheses in experimental models of neurodegeneration.
56:
110:
The PGP is establishing an international network of sites, including the United States (Harvard PGP), Canada (University of
Toronto / Hospital for Sick Kids), and other countries that adhere to certain "conforming implementation" criteria such as no promise of anonymity and data return. The Harvard
189:
In
February 2018, the results were published of the first 56 Canadian participants who had their whole genome analyzed. Several DNA mutations that would have been expected by expert consensus to affect health of the participants had not done so, indicating that getting health data from the human
202:
Scientists at the Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the Harvard Medical School Personal Genome Project (PGP) planned to recruit 10,000 members from the PGP, to perform a set of cognitive tests from Lumos Labs’ NeuroCognitive Performance Test, a brief, repeatable, online
43:
in 2005. As of
November 2017, more than 10,000 volunteers had joined the project. Volunteers were accepted initially if they were permanent residents of the US and were able to submit tissue and/or genetic samples. Later the project was expanded to other countries.
115:
requested that the first set of volunteers include the principal investigator George Church and other diverse stakeholders in the scientific, medical, and social implications of personal genomes, because they were well positioned to give highly
198:
On March 9, 2017, producers of the popular online brain-training program
Lumosity announced they would collaborate with Harvard researchers to investigate the relationship between genetics and memory, attention, and reaction speed.
124:
becomes cheaper, and the societal issues mentioned above are worked out, it was hoped that a large number of volunteers from all walks of life would participate. The long-term goal was that every person have access to his or her
106:
An important part of the project was the exploration of the resulting risks to the participants, such as possible discrimination by insurers and employers if the genome shows a predisposition for certain diseases.
179:, the head of the UK arm of this project indicated that they had over 1000 volunteers, and had temporarily paused collection data due to lack of funding. As of November 2016, the pause was still in effect.
334:
616:
103:. Participants could decide what data they are comfortable to publish publicly and could choose to upload additional data or remove existing data at their own convenience.
772:
52:
The
Project was initially launched in the US in 2005 and later extended to Canada (2012), United Kingdom (2013), Austria (2014), Korea (2015) and China (2017).
408:
500:
729:
291:"The Personal Genome Project. What would happen if genetic and medical records were freely available to anyone who wanted them"
182:
Since 2016, participants of the PGP could choose to obtain their whole-genome sequenced performed for $ 999. In the same year
812:
441:
359:
112:
80:
175:
In July 2014, at the 'Genetics, Genomics and Global Health—Inequalities, Identities and
Insecurities' conference,
168:
In order to enroll, each participant must pass a series of short online tests to ensure that they are providing
27:
and publicize the complete genomes and medical records of 100,000 volunteers, in order to enable research into
290:
822:
817:
145:
681:"The Personal Genome Project Canada: findings from whole genome sequences of the inaugural 56 participants"
416:
679:
Reuter MS, Walker S, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Whitney J, Cohn I, Sondheimer N, et al. (February 2018).
593:
96:
32:
137:
383:
212:
480:
153:
36:
309:
172:. By 2012, 2000 participants had enrolled and by November 2017 10,000 had joined the project.
710:
661:
630:"The whole genome sequences and experimentally phased haplotypes of over 100 personal genomes"
574:
492:
310:"Scientist at Work: George M. Church - On a Mission to Sequence the Genomes of 100,000 People"
271:
217:
183:
28:
700:
692:
651:
641:
564:
554:
523:
261:
253:
169:
117:
40:
617:"Veritas Genetics Launches $ 999 Whole Genome And Sets New Standard For Genetic Testing"
541:
Ball MP, Thakuria JV, Zaranek AW, Clegg T, Rosenbaum AM, Wu X, et al. (July 2012).
705:
680:
656:
629:
569:
542:
266:
241:
121:
24:
628:
Mao Q, Ciotlos S, Zhang RY, Ball MP, Chin R, Carnevali P, et al. (October 2016).
806:
161:
157:
84:
465:
176:
149:
141:
132:
The first ten volunteers were referred to as the "PGP-10". These volunteers were:
68:
55:
515:
91:
so that researchers could test various hypotheses about the relationships among
547:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
730:"Cracks in the code: Why mapping your DNA may be less reliable than you think"
646:
72:
335:"Would you make your DNA and health data public if it may help cure disease?"
559:
100:
76:
714:
665:
578:
496:
275:
753:
126:
92:
88:
64:
696:
384:"Genom Austria launches as a new member of the Personal Genome Project"
257:
527:
516:"Your Personal Genome: George Church wants to sequence your genome"
795:
594:"DNAdigest interviews Personal Genome Project: UK - DNAdigest.org"
75:) of the volunteers, along with extensive information about their
54:
390:. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2014-11-25
360:"Critics urge caution as UK genome project hunts for volunteers"
59:
fMRI of the head of a 58 yr old male participant in the project.
136:
Misha
Angrist, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy
186:
contributed over 184 phased human genomes to the project.
543:"A public resource facilitating clinical use of genomes"
773:"Brain-training app creators join in the genetics game"
23:(PGP) is a long term, large cohort study which aims to
16:
Cohort study sequencing genomes of 100,000 volunteers
156:, Helicos BioSciences, Kirk Maxey, Cayman Chemical,
63:The project allowed participants to publish the
129:to be used for personalized medical decisions.
83:images, etc. All data were placed within the
8:
442:"Personal Genome Project Expands to China"
704:
655:
645:
568:
558:
265:
79:: medical records, various measurements,
754:"Personal Genome Project-Lumosity Study"
229:
760:. Harvard University. 10 October 2017.
7:
503:from the original on 21 August 2007.
435:
433:
235:
233:
160:, Boston stem cell researcher, and
479:Angrist M, Cook-Deegan RM (2006).
14:
140:, Genomic Healthcare Strategies,
409:"Genome Korea in Ulsan Launched"
1:
592:Kovalevskaya N (2016-11-16).
242:"The personal genome project"
514:Singer E (6 December 2007).
415:. 2015-11-25. Archived from
289:Singer E (20 January 2006).
87:and made available over the
491:. Washington, D.C.: 87–96.
839:
771:Hysolli E (9 March 2017).
152:, Harvard Medical School,
113:Institutional Review Board
647:10.1186/s13742-016-0148-z
466:"Personal Genome Project"
246:Molecular Systems Biology
728:Abraham C (2018-02-03).
440:Addison F (2017-11-03).
333:Abraham C (2012-12-07).
560:10.1073/pnas.1201904109
358:Sample I (2013-11-07).
308:Duncan D (2010-06-07).
21:Personal Genome Project
481:"Who owns the genome?"
190:genome was difficult.
146:Rosalynn Gill-Garrison
144:, EDventure Holdings,
60:
35:. It was initiated by
813:Human genome projects
779:. Harvard University.
122:sequencing technology
58:
33:personalized medicine
213:Human Genome Project
194:PGP Lumosity Project
697:10.1503/cmaj.171151
446:Front Line Genomics
734:The Globe and Mail
339:The Globe and Mail
314:The New York Times
258:10.1038/msb4100040
240:Church GM (2005).
61:
37:Harvard University
777:The Daily Gazette
520:Technology Review
295:Technology Review
218:Personal genomics
184:Complete Genomics
29:personal genomics
830:
799:
798:
796:Official website
781:
780:
768:
762:
761:
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
725:
719:
718:
708:
691:(5): E126–E136.
676:
670:
669:
659:
649:
625:
619:
614:
608:
607:
605:
604:
589:
583:
582:
572:
562:
538:
532:
531:
511:
505:
504:
476:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
453:
452:
437:
428:
427:
425:
424:
405:
399:
398:
396:
395:
380:
374:
373:
371:
370:
355:
349:
348:
346:
345:
330:
324:
323:
321:
320:
305:
299:
298:
286:
280:
279:
269:
252:(1): 2005.0030.
237:
170:informed consent
138:Keith Batchelder
118:informed consent
41:George M. Church
838:
837:
833:
832:
831:
829:
828:
827:
803:
802:
794:
793:
790:
785:
784:
770:
769:
765:
752:
751:
747:
738:
736:
727:
726:
722:
678:
677:
673:
627:
626:
622:
615:
611:
602:
600:
591:
590:
586:
553:(30): 11920–7.
540:
539:
535:
513:
512:
508:
478:
477:
473:
464:
463:
459:
450:
448:
439:
438:
431:
422:
420:
407:
406:
402:
393:
391:
382:
381:
377:
368:
366:
357:
356:
352:
343:
341:
332:
331:
327:
318:
316:
307:
306:
302:
288:
287:
283:
239:
238:
231:
226:
209:
196:
111:Medical School
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
836:
834:
826:
825:
823:DNA sequencing
820:
818:Cohort studies
815:
805:
804:
801:
800:
789:
788:External links
786:
783:
782:
763:
758:Wyss Institute
745:
720:
671:
620:
609:
584:
533:
528:10.2172/918689
506:
471:
457:
429:
400:
375:
350:
325:
300:
281:
228:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
215:
208:
205:
195:
192:
166:
165:
49:
46:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
835:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
797:
792:
791:
787:
778:
774:
767:
764:
759:
755:
749:
746:
735:
731:
724:
721:
716:
712:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
672:
667:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
621:
618:
613:
610:
599:
595:
588:
585:
580:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
537:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
472:
467:
461:
458:
447:
443:
436:
434:
430:
419:on 2018-02-04
418:
414:
410:
404:
401:
389:
385:
379:
376:
365:
361:
354:
351:
340:
336:
329:
326:
315:
311:
304:
301:
296:
292:
285:
282:
277:
273:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
236:
234:
230:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
204:
200:
193:
191:
187:
185:
180:
178:
173:
171:
163:
162:Steven Pinker
159:
158:James Sherley
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:
133:
130:
128:
123:
119:
114:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:public domain
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
57:
53:
47:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
776:
766:
757:
748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
723:
688:
684:
674:
637:
633:
623:
612:
601:. Retrieved
597:
587:
550:
546:
536:
519:
509:
488:
485:New Atlantis
484:
474:
460:
449:. Retrieved
445:
421:. Retrieved
417:the original
413:Bio-IT World
412:
403:
392:. Retrieved
387:
378:
367:. Retrieved
364:the Guardian
363:
353:
342:. Retrieved
338:
328:
317:. Retrieved
313:
303:
294:
284:
249:
245:
201:
197:
188:
181:
177:Stephan Beck
174:
167:
154:Stan Lapidus
150:John Halamka
142:Esther Dyson
131:
109:
105:
69:DNA sequence
62:
51:
20:
18:
634:GigaScience
388:EurekAlert!
97:environment
73:chromosomes
807:Categories
739:2018-02-03
603:2018-02-03
598:DNA digest
451:2018-02-03
423:2018-02-03
394:2018-02-03
369:2018-02-03
344:2018-02-03
319:2010-08-18
224:References
148:, Sciona,
71:of all 46
67:(the full
640:(1): 42.
164:, Harvard
101:phenotype
77:phenotype
48:The Study
715:29431110
666:27724973
579:22797899
501:Archived
497:16789312
276:16729065
207:See also
127:genotype
93:genotype
89:Internet
65:genotype
25:sequence
706:5798982
657:5057367
570:3409785
267:1681452
713:
703:
664:
654:
577:
567:
495:
274:
264:
120:. As
711:PMID
685:CMAJ
662:PMID
575:PMID
493:PMID
272:PMID
99:and
31:and
19:The
701:PMC
693:doi
689:190
652:PMC
642:doi
565:PMC
555:doi
551:109
524:doi
262:PMC
254:doi
81:MRI
39:'s
809::
775:.
756:.
732:.
709:.
699:.
687:.
683:.
660:.
650:.
636:.
632:.
596:.
573:.
563:.
549:.
545:.
522:.
518:.
499:.
489:11
487:.
483:.
444:.
432:^
411:.
386:.
362:.
337:.
312:.
293:.
270:.
260:.
248:.
244:.
232:^
95:,
742:.
717:.
695::
668:.
644::
638:5
606:.
581:.
557::
530:.
526::
468:.
454:.
426:.
397:.
372:.
347:.
322:.
297:.
278:.
256::
250:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
