40:
62:
221:
603:
problems, such as nausea, flatulence, and belching. In 2015, the
American Academy of Neurology withdrew its original endorsement of butterbur due to safety concerns. However, the Canadian Headache Society still recommends its use in migraine prevention for a selected number of patients based on their clinical features and co-existing disorders.
635:
and lowest in the leaves, and may vary depending on where the plants are grown. These chemicals are toxic to the liver and may cause cancers. Thus, due to the potential for contamination, taking butterbur supplements is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Some sources say it is safe
602:
containing petasin and/or isopetasin, are effective both in preventing and in relieving migraine, with the best results in groups taking the higher dose of the supplement. Although mainly well tolerated, the adverse effects of butterbur reported in clinical trials include mainly gastrointestinal
644:
Long-term health effects and interaction of butterbur with other drugs have not been well documented. However, it can theoretically interact with certain blood pressure and heart medications, as well as with drugs that can induce a liver
590:. High concentrations of petasin occur in both butterbur root and leaves, with the leaves containing lower levels of the toxic chemical. Butterbur extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing frequency and severity of
636:
practice to consume butterbur extract that has been prepared by a reputable laboratory. Other sources say no butterbur product is safe: "The cases of liver toxicity appear to have occurred with extracts of butterbur where the
640:
had been removed and only small amounts remained. There is some evidence that other constituents found in butterbur such as the sesquiterpene constituents for example petasin may be implicated in the liver toxicity".
693:
1278:
1135:
Kaufeler, Robert; Polasek, Wolfgang; Brattstrom, Axel; Koetter, Uwe (March 2006). "Efficacy and Safety of
Butterbur Herbal Extract Ze 339 in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Postmarketing Surveillance Study".
1502:
705:
1393:
Schapowal, Andreas (2005). "Treating
Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo and Antihistamine-controlled Study of Butterbur Extract Ze 339".
562:
Butterbur has been used for over 2000 years to treat a variety of ailments including fever, lung disease, spasms, and pain. Currently, butterbur extract is used for
1741:
1780:
1230:
Lipton RB, GΓΆbel H, EinhΓ€upl KM, Wilks K, Mauskop A (December 2004). "Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine".
1689:
1437:
1754:
1702:
505:) or spring, emerging with only a few elongated basal bracts and are usually green, flesh coloured or dull white depending on the species. It is
1816:
1934:
611:
Additionally, a study showed butterbur extract to be an effective treatment for hay fever without the sedative effect of the antihistamine
1088:"Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults: [RETIRED]"
1435:
Maxim Hirono I., Mori H., Yamada K. "Carcinogenic activity of petasitenine, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from
Petasites"
1296:
Pringsheim, Tamara; Davenport, Jeptha; Mackie, Gordon (March 2012). "Canadian
Headache Society Guideline for Migraine Prophylaxis".
797:
1891:
1728:
1865:
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1759:
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if the preparations are not carefully and fully purified. The concentration of the toxic alkaloids is often highest in the
1767:
1588:
1919:
1870:
1829:
61:
20:
1785:
1939:
1924:
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39:
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425:
1017:
Sutherland, Anna; Sweet, Burgunda (May 2010). "Butterbur: An alternative therapy for migraine prevention".
433:
354:
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628:
441:
362:
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409:
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1051:
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401:
393:
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308:
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902:
381:
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225:
1929:
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1326:"Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis"
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992:
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56:
48:
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261:-like leaves during the growing season. Most species are native to Asia or southern Europe.
1460:
1402:
1345:
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1239:
1191:
1145:
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1099:
1026:
974:
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669:); this interaction can potentially lead to increased concentration of the toxic alkaloids.
220:
1379:
1086:
Holland, S.; Silberstein, S.D.; Freitag, F.; Dodick, D.W.; Argoff, C.; Ashman, E. (2012).
334:β Arctic butterbur or Arctic sweet coltsfoot β Scandinavia, Mongolia, Canada, northern USA
293:
238:
99:
1668:
1569:
1451:
Smith, LW; Culvenor, CC (1981). "Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids".
906:
1243:
1112:
752:
86:
1913:
1350:
1325:
1195:
1182:
Taylor, Frederick (March 2011). "Nutraceuticals and
Headache: The Biological Basis".
979:
963:"Alternative Headache Treatments: Nutraceuticals, Behavioral and Physical Treatments"
962:
658:
533:
182:
1422:
1259:
996:
922:
615:, if taken four times daily. Butterbur was also shown to be comparably effective as
1883:
1616:
1211:
1165:
785:
616:
1593:
1580:
914:
1103:
812:
Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners
Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition page 1056.
1857:
1772:
1715:
1563:
480:
165:
155:
1487:"Butterbur extract supplement benefit, allergy, asthma, and migraine headache"
612:
242:
145:
1554:
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662:
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135:
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536:. They prefer moist environments such as riverbanks, marshes and ditches.
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125:
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headaches. Several double-blind studies have shown that high doses of
1720:
1406:
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when compared to placebo for reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
529:
496:
450:
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73:
877:
Desjardins, Stuart D.; Hoare, Arthur G.; Stace, Clive A. (2016).
513:
1529:
792:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
278:, from the plant's broad leaves resembling a wide-brimmed hat.
1629:
253:. They are perennial plants with thick, creeping underground
1522:: Visual identification and edible parts of sweet coltsfoot.
586:
which are believed to have potential benefits in treating
845:
Flora of North
America. Volume 20, Page 635. efloras.org.
627:
Butterbur extracts may contain harmful components called
509:, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.
499:
are produced just before the leaves in late winter (e.g.
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family
Asteraceae
1324:
Schapowal A; Petasites Study, Group (19 January 2002).
570:, which have the most evidence for its effectiveness.
389:- winter heliotrope - from Azores to Ireland + Tunisia
1057:
Flora of China. Volume 20-21, Page 461. efloras.org.
377:β central + southwestern Europe from Spain to Poland
1538:
1273:
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1081:
1079:
1077:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
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19:"Butterbur" redirects here. For other uses, see
429:β Siberia, Russian Far East, northeastern China
1225:
1223:
1221:
1177:
1175:
269:The genus name is derived from the Greek word
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
578:Some butterbur species contain the chemicals
350:β giant butterbur, fuki β China, Japan, Korea
297:β white butterbur β Europe, Algeria, Turkey,
8:
358:β southeastern Europe from Poland to Albania
270:
1526:
1019:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
342:β common butterbur β Europe, Mediterranean
38:
27:
1349:
1298:Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
1111:
978:
421:β Europe, Siberia, Caucasus, Central Asia
1438:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
961:Sun-Edelstein, Christina (March 2011).
780:
778:
677:
1375:
1365:
835:
833:
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7:
1871:a5369695-c733-4440-a1a1-2f0654758f06
1796:fc3ff091-07c2-47f7-a161-8e50c24795c6
879:"A new natural hybrid in the genus
687:
685:
683:
681:
512:Butterbur can be found in parts of
245:, that are commonly referred to as
1244:10.1212/01.wnl.0000147290.68260.11
730:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023
14:
1067:Altervista Flora Italiana genere
542:is closely related to the genera
1835:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329075-2
1196:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01847.x
980:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01846.x
60:
1507:species list and distributions
790:New Flora of the British Isles
763:. World Flora Consortium. 2023
607:Hay fever or allergic rhinitis
1:
915:10.1080/20423489.2016.1271383
858:. Drugs.com. 14 February 2022
1104:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182535d0c
566:prevention and treatment of
405:β Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea
1935:Taxa named by Philip Miller
1453:Journal of Natural Products
937:"Missouri Botanical Garden"
702:Global Compositae Checklist
437:β China, Vietnam, Himalayas
1956:
728:Plants of the World Online
21:Butterbur (disambiguation)
18:
469:Species formerly included
271:
241:in the sunflower family,
196:
189:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
37:
30:
1512:eFloras search results:
1342:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.144
457:Species of hybrid origin
1283:Facts & Comparisons
692:Flann, C., ed. (2009).
638:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
629:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
1520:Edibility of Petasites
463:Petasites Γ vitifolius
426:Petasites tatewakianus
229:
1441:1977 58:4 (1155-1157)
1395:Phytotherapy Research
895:New Journal of Botany
434:Petasites tricholobus
355:Petasites kablikianus
223:
708:on 11 December 2014.
596:Petasites hybridus"
495:The short spikes of
442:Petasites versipilus
382:Petasites pyrenaicus
363:Petasites kamengicus
320:Petasites formosanus
1465:10.1021/np50014a001
1138:Advances in Therapy
907:2016NJBot...6...64D
474:Petasites glacialis
410:Petasites sibiricus
374:Petasites paradoxus
347:Petasites japonicus
314:Republic of Georgia
226:Petasites japonicus
1378:has generic name (
1150:10.1007/bf02850143
1031:10.2146/ajhp090136
761:World Flora Online
502:Petasites fragrans
477:(Ledeb.) Polunin -
402:Petasites rubellus
394:Petasites radiatus
387:Petasites fragrans
339:Petasites hybridus
331:Petasites frigidus
230:
49:Petasites hybridus
1920:Asteraceae genera
1907:
1906:
1804:Open Tree of Life
1532:Taxon identifiers
1098:(17): 1346β1353.
568:allergic rhinitis
487:
478:
418:Petasites spurius
368:Arunachal Pradesh
309:Petasites fominii
218:
217:
212:
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185:
1947:
1940:Dioecious plants
1925:Medicinal plants
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1899:
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1773:NHMSYS0000461627
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704:. Archived from
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287:Accepted species
274:
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239:flowering plants
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1374:
1364:
1336:(7330): 144β6.
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655:St. John's wort
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491:Characteristics
294:Petasites albus
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180:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
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1497:External links
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1401:(6): 530β537.
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1238:(12): 2240β4.
1217:
1190:(3): 484β501.
1171:
1144:(2): 373β384.
1127:
1073:
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1044:
1025:(9): 705β711.
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973:(3): 469β483.
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1459:(2): 129β52.
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891:(Asteraceae)"
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534:North America
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1564:Wikispecies
1279:"Butterbur"
856:"Butterbur"
481:Endocellion
166:Senecioneae
156:Asteroideae
152:Subfamily:
100:Angiosperms
1914:Categories
822:Tropicos,
673:References
613:cetirizine
584:isopetasin
397:β Mongolia
257:and large
251:coltsfoots
247:butterburs
243:Asteraceae
146:Asteraceae
1930:Petasites
1669:Petasites
1570:Petasites
1540:Petasites
1514:Petasites
1505:Petasites
1232:Neurology
1092:Neurology
1069:Petasites
1053:Petasites
881:Petasites
841:Petasites
824:Petasites
755:Petasites
722:Petasites
696:Petasites
663:phenytoin
588:migraines
545:Tussilago
540:Petasites
507:dioecious
413:β Siberia
234:Petasites
208:Petasitis
200:Nardosmia
177:Petasites
136:Asterales
70:Kingdom:
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1866:VicFlora
1855:VASCAN:
1848:40005373
1843:Tropicos
1734:329075-2
1601:BioLib:
1549:Wikidata
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564:migraine
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299:Caucasus
265:Taxonomy
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191:Synonyms
142:Family:
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903:Bibcode
649:called
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282:Species
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1708:9153
1703:GRIN
1690:GBIF
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1589:APNI
1469:PMID
1411:PMID
1380:help
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1248:PMID
1200:PMID
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864:2023
794:ISBN
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1879:WFO
1768:NBN
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