Filling station - Knowledge (XXG)

146: 2381: 2418:. Such websites allow users to share prices advertised at filling stations with each other by posting them to a central server. Consumers then may check the prices listed in their geographic area in order to select the station with the lowest price available at the time. Some television and radio stations also compile pricing information via viewer and listener reports of pricing or reporter observations and present it as a regular segment of their newscasts, usually before or after traffic reports. These price observations must usually be made by reading the pricing signs outside stations, as many companies do not give their prices by telephone due to competitive concerns. It is a criminal offense to have written or verbal arrangements with competitors, suppliers or customers for: 2040:. New Jersey prohibited self-service in 1949, with the passage of "Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act," after lobbying by service station owners. That laws states that "Because of the fire hazards directly associated with dispensing fuel, it is in the public interest that gasoline station operators have the control needed over that activity to ensure compliance with appropriate safety procedures, including turning off vehicle engines and refraining from smoking while fuel is dispensed." Proponents of the prohibition cite safety and jobs as reasons to keep the ban. Of note, the ban does not apply to the pumping of diesel fuel at filling stations (though individual filling stations may prohibit this); nor does it apply to the pumping of gasoline into boats or aircraft. 2469:(MOPS). As Singapore does not have any oil reserves of its own, the city-state has instead built several off-shore refineries to refine oil imported mostly from Indonesian oil fields, as the latter country does not have enough refining capacity and capability of its own. Because neighbouring country Malaysia has cheaper pump prices than Singapore, cars registered in Singapore crossing over into Malaysia are legally required to have at least three-quarters of a tank of fuel since 1991 to prevent evading fuel duties, and when filling up in Malaysia, Singaporean-and Thai-registered hybrid and petrol-powered vehicles are legally restricted to only fill up on unsubsidised, premium-grade RON97-100 petrol, as RON95 petrol in Malaysia is partially subsidised by the 2825: 2874:-inch (20.6 mm) filler, and the nozzles are protected by a lock mechanism or a liftable flap. Diesel fuel in a gasoline engine—while creating large amounts of smoke—does not normally cause permanent damage if it is drained once the mistake is realized. However even a liter of gasoline added to the tank of a modern diesel car can cause irreversible damage to the injection pump and other components through a lack of lubrication. In some cases, the car has to be scrapped because the cost of repairs exceeds its residual value. The issue is not clear-cut as older diesels using completely mechanical injection can tolerate some gasoline—which has historically been used to "thin" diesel fuel in winter. 2250: 1920: 1728: 2703: 1986: 2579: 2851:. In most stations in Canada and the US, the pump has a single nozzle and the customer selects the desired octane grade by pushing a button. Some pumps require the customer to pick up the nozzle first, then lift a lever underneath it; others are designed so that lifting the nozzle automatically releases a switch. Some newer stations have separate nozzles for different types of fuel. Where diesel fuel is provided, it is usually dispensed from a separate nozzle even if the various grades of gasoline share the same nozzle. 2883: 2001: 1845: 161: 2050:, the risk of crime from customers leaving their vehicles, toxic fumes, and the jobs created by requiring mini service. In 1982 Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure sponsored by the service station owners, which would have legalized self-service. Oregon legislators passed a bill that was signed into law by the Governor in May 2017 to allow self-service for counties with a total population of 40,000 or less beginning in January 2018. 771: 545: 755: 2242: 1695:

have no change; but usually customers will enter the service centre to pay a cashier. Some supermarkets have their own forecourts which are unmanned and payment is pay-at-pump only. Customers at the supermarket will receive a discount voucher which offers discounted fuel at their forecourt. The amount of discount varies depending on the amount spent on groceries at the supermarket, but normally starts at 4 cents a litre.

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offers to check tire pressure or clean vehicle windscreens. That type of service is becoming uncommon in New Zealand, particularly Auckland. Further south of Auckland, many filling stations offer full service. There is also help service or assisted service, for which customers must request assistance before it is given, and self-service, for which no assistance is available.

2501: 2016: 469: 2570:) or major truck routes, which provide food outlets, large parking areas, and often other services such as hotels, arcade games, and shops in addition to 24-hour fuel supplies and a higher standard of restrooms. Fuel is typically more expensive from these outlets due to their premium locations. UK or Irish service stations do not usually repair automobiles. 2917:(LEL) of the product being dispensed, so the static discharge causes no problem. The problem with ungrounded gasoline cans results from a combination of vehicular static charge, the potential between the container and the vehicle, and the loose fit between the grounded nozzle and the gas can. This last condition causes a rich vapor concentration in the 2400:

unlikely to sell gasoline at a loss, and the profit margin—typically between 7 and 11 cents a US gallon (2–3 cents per liter)—that they make from gasoline sales is limited by competitive pressures: a gas station which charges more than others will lose customers to them. Most stations try to compensate by selling higher-margin food products in their

2921:(the unfilled volume) of the gas can, and a discharge from the can to the grounded hanging hardware (the nozzle, hose, swivels and break-a-ways) can thus occur at a most inopportune point. The Petroleum Equipment Institute has recorded incidents of static-related ignition at refueling sites since early 2000. 2357:, the mean EU28 price was €1.38 /L for euro-super 95 (gasoline), €1.26 /L for diesel. The least expensive gasoline was in Estonia at €1.10 /L, and the most expensive at €1.57 /L in Italy. The least expensive diesel was in Estonia at €1.14 /L, and the most expensive at €1.54 /L in the UK. The least expensive 2380: 2897:. In the United States, establishing fire codes and enforcing their compliance is the responsibility of state governments. Most localities ban smoking, open flames and running engines. Since the increased occurrence of static-related fires many stations have warnings about leaving the refueling point. 2807:

of their "RON" (Research Octane Number) and "MON" (Motor Octane Number). Labels on pumps in the US typically describe this as the "(R+M)/2 Method". Some nations describe fuels according to the traditional RON or MON ratings, so octane ratings cannot always be compared with the equivalent US rating by

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Even with oil market fluctuations, prices for gasoline in the United States are among the lowest in the industrialized world; this is principally due to lower taxes. While the sales price of gasoline in Europe is more than twice that in the United States, the price excluding taxes is nearly identical

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Filling stations in South Korea offer a variety of services, such as providing bottled water or tissues, and cleaning free of charge. But most have switched to self-service. Some large full-service stations have many services, such as tire pressure charging, automatic car washing, and self-cleaning.

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In British Columbia and Alberta, it is a legal requirement that customers either pre-pay for the fuel or pay at the pump. The law is called "Grant's Law" and is intended to prevent "gas-and-dash" crimes, where a customer refuels and then drives away without paying for it. In other provinces, payment

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into each tank by gravity through a separate capped opening located on the station's perimeter. Fuel from the tanks travels to the dispenser pumps through underground pipes. For every fuel tank, direct access must be available at all times. Most tanks can be accessed through a service canal directly

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on December 1, 1913, at Baum Boulevard and St Clair's Street. Prior to this, automobile drivers pulled into almost any general or hardware store, or even blacksmith shops in order to fill up their tanks. On its first day, the station sold 30 US gallons (110 L) of gasoline at 27 cents per gallon

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persist that using a mobile phone while pumping gasoline can cause sparks or explosion, this has not been duplicated under any controlled condition. Nevertheless, mobile phone manufacturers and gas stations ask users to switch off their phones. One suggested origin of this myth is said to have been

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In the US, a filling station that also offers services such as oil changes and mechanical repairs to automobiles is called a service station. Until the 1970s the vast majority of filling stations were service stations. These stations typically offered free air for inflating tires, as compressed air

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Individual filling stations in the United States have little if any control over gasoline prices. The wholesale price of gasoline is determined according to area by oil companies which supply the gasoline, and their prices are largely determined by the world markets for oil. Individual stations are

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Before 1998, filling stations in Japan were entirely full-service stations. Self-service stations were legalized in Japan in 1998 following the abolition of the Special Petroleum Law, which led to the deregulation of the petroleum industry in Japan. Under current safety regulations, while motorists

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Most service stations allow the customer to pump the fuel before paying. In recent years, some service stations have required customers to purchase their fuel first. In some small towns, the customer may hand the cash to the attendant on the forecourt if they are paying for a set amount of fuel and

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or fleet cards) and may charge higher prices. In some cases, fuel cards for customers with a lower fuel consumption are ordered not directly from an oil company, but from an intermediary. Many premium brands have fully automated pay-at-the-pump facilities. Premium stations tend to be highly visible

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Older stations tend to use a separate pipe for every kind of available fuel and for every dispenser. Newer stations may employ a single pipe for every dispenser. This pipe houses a number of smaller pipes for the individual fuel types. Fuel tanks, dispenser and nozzles used to fill car tanks employ

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In New Zealand a filling station is often referred to as a service station, petrol station or garage, even though it may not offer mechanical repairs or assistance with dispensing fuel. Levels of service available include full service, for which assistance in dispensing fuel is offered, as well as

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Because of the relatively small size of former stations (compared to larger brownfields), the cost-per-acre to rehabilitate the land is higher; the total cost in the United States is not known but is in the billions of dollars. Individual cleanups may be complex, with some in Canada taking decades

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used to monitor the fuel tank's status and quantities of fuel. With sensors directly in the fuel tank, the data is fed to a terminal in the back room, where it can be downloaded or printed out. Sometimes this method is bypassed, with the fuel tank data transmitted directly to an external database.

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does most of the research and code writing to address the potential for explosions of gasoline vapor. The customer fueling area, up to 18 inches (46 cm) above the surface, normally does not have explosive concentrations of vapors, but may from time to time. Above this height, where most fuel

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In Europe, New Zealand and Australia, the customer selects one of several colour-coded nozzles depending on the type of fuel required. The filler pipe of unleaded fuel is smaller than the one for fuels for engines designed to take leaded fuel. The tank filler opening has a corresponding diameter;

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to the point of sale, usually inside the filling station's building, and fed into the station's cash register operating system. The cash register system gives a limited control over the gasoline pump, and is usually limited to allowing the clerks to turn the pumps on and off. A separate system is

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In New Zealand, gasoline is unleaded, and most commonly available in 91 RON ("Regular") and 95 RON ("Premium"). 98 RON is available at selected BP ("Ultimate") and Mobil ("Synergy 8000") service stations instead of the standard 95 RON. 96 RON was replaced by 95 RON, and subsequently abolished in

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The forecourt is the part of a filling station where vehicles are refueled. Gasoline pumps are placed on concrete plinths, as a precautionary measure against collision by motor vehicles. Additional elements may be employed, including metal barriers. The area around the gasoline pumps must have a

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The construction model for underground modular filling station makes the installation time shorter, designing easier and manufacturing less expensive. As a proof of the model's installation speed an unofficial world record of filling station installation was made by U-Cont Oy Ltd when a modular

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are two of the most common full-service chains of truck stops. Because these facilities are not directly connected to the freeway, they usually have huge signs on poles high enough to be visible by motorists in time to exit from the freeway. Sometimes, the state also posts small official signs

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systems, which prevents releases of vapor into the atmosphere with a system of pipes. The exhausts are placed as high as possible. A vapor recovery system may be employed at the exhaust pipe. This system collects the vapors, liquefies them and releases them back into the lowest grade fuel tank

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The cost of potential cleanup of a former filling station can lower property values, discourage development of land, and depress neighbouring property values and potential tax revenue. When areas are known to be contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks, the sale value of the land and

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which prevents charge build-up. Newer "high mileage" tires use more silica and can increase the buildup of static. A driver who does not discharge static by contacting a conductive part of the car will carry it to the insulated handle of the nozzle and the static potential will eventually be

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In much of Europe, including the UK, France and Germany, stations operated by large supermarket chains usually price fuel lower than stand-alone stations. In most of mainland Europe, sales tax is lower on diesel fuel than on gasoline, and diesel is accordingly the cheaper fuel: in the UK and

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In New Jersey, filling stations offer only full service (and mini service); attendants there are required to pump gasoline for customers. Customers, in fact, are prohibited by law from pumping their own gasoline. The only exception to this within New Jersey is at the filling station next to

997:. This led to regulations banning these types of tanks in 1985. However, tanks that ceased operation before 1986 are unlikely to have been recorded, and many underground tanks are thus unknowingly hidden beneath redeveloped land, contributing to soil, groundwater, and indoor air pollution. 2664:" as part of a full rebuild of the sites. Owned by the provincial government, but leased to private operator Host Kilmer Service Centres, they contain food courts, convenience stores, washrooms, and co-located gas and diesel bars with attached convenience stores. Food providers include 2148:. Some air compressor machines are free of charge, while others charge a small fee to use (typically 50 cents to a dollar in North America). In US states, such as California, state law requires that paying customers must be provided with free air compressor service and radiator water. 948:. People who work in filling stations, live near them, or attend school close to them are exposed to fumes and are at increased lifetime risk of cancer, with risk increased if there are multiple stations nearby. There is some evidence that living near a filling station is a risk for 2093:. However, several states outlaw smoking at gas stations as the fire from the ignition source used to light the cigarette can ignite gasoline vapors. Most gas stations and many municipalities will also explicitly ban any smoking activity within certain distances of gasoline pumps. 805:

are usually deployed underground. Local regulations and environmental concerns may require a different method, with some stations storing their fuel in container tanks, entrenched surface tanks or unprotected fuel tanks deployed on the surface. Fuel is usually offloaded from a

268:), or other types of fuel into the tanks within vehicles and calculate the financial cost of the fuel transferred to the vehicle. Besides gasoline pumps, one other significant device which is also found in filling stations and can refuel certain (compressed-air) vehicles is an 1041: 1963:. Before 1970, full service was the norm, and self-service was rare. Today, few stations advertise or provide full service. Full service stations are more common in wealthy and upscale areas. The cost of full service is usually assessed as a fixed amount per US gallon. 1151:

Discount brands are often smaller, regional chains or independent stations, offering lower fuel prices. Most purchase wholesale commodity gasoline from independent suppliers or the major petroleum companies. Lower-priced stations are also found at some

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In Canada and the United States, federal, state or provincial, and local sales taxes are usually included in the price, although tax details are often posted at the pump and some stations may provide details on sales receipts. Gasoline taxes are often

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Silvestre, Rafaele T.; Delmonico, Lucas; Bravo, Maryah; Santiago, Fábio; Scherrer, Luciano R.; Moreira, Aline dos Santos; Tabalipa, Marianne; Otero, Ubirani; Ornellas, Maria Helena F.; Alves, Gilda (2017-09-01). "Health survey and assessment of the

2800:, regular unleaded can be as low as 85 octane; this practice has become increasingly controversial, since it was instituted when most cars had carburetors instead of the fuel injection and electronic engine controls standard in recent decades. 145: 585:

Since the saturation of automobile filling stations in Russia is insufficient and lags behind the leading countries of the world, there is a need to accommodate new stations in the cities and along the roads of different levels.

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Karakitsios, Spyros P.; Delis, Vasileios K.; Kassomenos, Pavlos A.; Pilidis, Georgios A. (2007). "Contribution to ambient benzene concentrations in the vicinity of petrol stations: Estimation of the associated health risk".

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In China, the most commonly found octane grade is RON 91 (regular), 93 (mid grade) and 97 (premium). Almost all of the fuel has been unleaded since 2000. In some premium filling stations in large cities, such as

1308:, have co-branded their stations with one of the premium brands. After the Gulf Oil company was sold to Chevron, northeastern retail units were sold off as a chain, with Cumberland Farms controlling the remaining 559:, the first filling stations appeared in 1911, when the Imperial Automobile Society signed an agreement with the partnership "Br. Nobel". By 1914 about 440 stations functioned in major cities across the country. 2939:", investigators concluded that explosions attributed to cell phones could be caused by static discharges from clothing instead and also observed that such incidents seem to involve women more often than men. 1822:

The customer performs all required service. Signs informing the customer of filling procedures and cautions are displayed on each pump. Customers can still enter a store or go to a booth to give payment to a

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discharged when this purposely-grounded arrangement is put into contact with the metallic filler neck of the vehicle. Ordinarily, vapor concentrations in the area of this filling operation are below the

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estimated the loss at about 17% when within 300 feet (91 m) or one block of a registered leaking tank. Active filling stations have similar negative effects on property values, with an analysis in

5027: 2211:. Car washes are sometimes offered free of charge or at a discounted price with a certain amount of fuel purchased. Conversely, some car washes operate filling stations to supplement their businesses. 634:

claims that it dates from 1909 and is the oldest existing filling station in the United States. Early on, they were known to motorists as "filling stations" and often washed vehicle windows for free.

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Due to heavy fluctuations in price in the United States, some stations offer their customers the option to buy and store gasoline for future uses, such as the service provided by First Fuel Bank.

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sought to lift the ban on self-service for New Jersey. He asserted that it would be able to lower gas prices, but some New Jerseyans argued that it could cause drawbacks, especially unemployment.

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deliver fuel. High levels of benzene have been detected near stations across urban, suburban, and rural environments, though the causes (such as road traffic or congestion) can vary by location.

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Malavolti, Marcella; Malagoli, Carlotta; Filippini, Tommaso; Wise, Lauren A; Bellelli, Alessio; Palazzi, Giovanni; Cellini, Monica; Costanzini, Sofia; Teggi, Sergio; Vinceti, Marco (2023-05-30).

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are accepted. Occasionally a station will have a pay-at-the-pump-only period per day, when attendants are not present, often at night, and some stations are pay-at-the-pump only 24 hours a day.

987:. Underground storage tanks (USTs) were typically made of steel and were common in the United States, but were prone to corrosion. They received national attention in 1983 after an episode of 2158:

which sell food, beverages, and often cigarettes, lottery tickets, motor oil, and auto parts. Prices for these items tend to be higher than they would be at a supermarket or discount store.

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Gas stations must never hold discussions with other competitors regarding pricing policies and methods, terms of sale, costs, allocation of markets or boycotts of our petroleum products.

1660: 4870:"2011 Code of Virginia :: Title 46.2 MOTOR VEHICLES. :: Chapter 8 Regulation of Traffic (46.2-800 thru 46.2-947) :: 46.2-819.4 Smoking in proximity to gas pumps; penalty" 3311: 3846:

Al-Harbi, Meshari; Alhajri, Ibrahim; AlAwadhi, AlAnood; Whalen, Joann K. (2020). "Health symptoms associated with occupational exposure of gasoline station workers to BTEX compounds".

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filling station was built in Helsinki, Finland in less than three days, including groundwork. The safety of modular filling stations has been tested in a filling station simulator, in

3119: 2281:, although the base price is also higher than in the US. Occasionally, price rises trigger national protests. In the UK, a large-scale protest in August and September 2000, known as ' 971:, and workers have reported headaches, fatigue, throat irritation and depression. Exposure to exhaust and fumes has been associated with eye irritation, nausea, dizziness, and cough. 1759:

Pre-payment is the norm in the US and customers may typically pay either at the pump or inside the gas station. Modern stations have pay-at-the-pump functions: in most cases credit,

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am each morning, and must be held for 24 hours. Each afternoon, the prices for the next day are released to the public and the media, allowing consumers to decide when to fill up.

532:, Brazil, in 1920. It was located on Ana Costa Avenue, in front of the beach, in a corner that is located by the Hotel Atlântico, which occupies its area nowadays. It was owned by 5175: 2165:

inside. These are usually "express" versions with limited seating and limited menus, though some may be regular-sized and have spacious seating. Larger restaurants are common at

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started by gas station companies because the cell phone signal would interfere with the fuel counter on some older model fuel pumps causing it to give a lower reading. In the

2649:(normally blue) indicating what types of filling stations, restaurants, and hotels are available at an upcoming exit; businesses may add their logos to these signs for a fee. 2452:

In other energy-importing countries such as Japan, gasoline and petroleum product prices are higher than in the United States because of fuel transportation costs and taxes.

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Simons, Robert A.; Bowen, William M.; Sementelli, Arthur J. (1999). "The price and liquidity effects of UST leaks from gas stations on adjacent contaminated property".

4692: 2747:) octanes; in some countries 91 RON octane gasoline is offered as well. In addition, 100 RON is offered in some countries in continental Europe (Shell markets this as 2064:, and the New Jersey statute was challenged in court in 1950 by a small independent service station, Rein Motors. Both challenges failed. Former New Jersey governor 650:(7 cents per litre). This was also the first architect-designed station and the first to distribute free road maps. The first alternative fuel station was opened in 4117:

Simons, Robert; Levin, William; Sementelli, Arthur (1997-01-01). "The Effect of Underground Storage Tanks on Residential Property Values in Cuyahoga County, Ohio".

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A service station or "servo" is the terminology often used in Australia, along with petrol station, to describe any facility where motorists can refuel their cars.

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that detects a user's location, then allows one to select the type of fuel, which pump, and how much to spend. The amount is then deducted from the user's account.

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and costing millions of dollars both for the cleanup efforts and in legal fees to determine whether individuals, governments, or corporations are liable for costs.

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Motorists occasionally pump gasoline into a diesel car by accident. The converse is almost impossible because diesel pumps have a large nozzle with a diameter of

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Ballot Measure 4 of 1982 was titled "Permits Self-Service Dispensing of Motor Vehicle Fuel at Retail" and failed with 440,824 votes in favor and 597,970 against.

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In the UK the most common gasoline grade (and lowest octane generally available) is 'Premium' 95 RON unleaded. 'Super' is widely available at 97 RON (for example

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was already on hand to operate the repair garage's pneumatic tools. While a few filling stations with a service station remain, many in the 1980s and 1990s were

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drainage system. Since fuel sometimes spills onto the pavement, as little of it as possible should remain. Any liquids present on the forecourt will flow into a

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Yasenchak, Leah Benedict (2009). "Research Article: What We Know About the Ubiquitous Brownfield: A Case Study of Two New Jersey Cities and Their Gas Stations".

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In Canada, the most commonly found octane grades are 87 (regular), 89 (mid grade) and 91 (premium), using the same "(R+M)/2 Method" used in the US (see below).

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Many drivers don't know they are entitled to free air and water when they buy gasoline, and they end up paying extra for the service, consumer advocates say.

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operates the pumps, often wipes the windshield, and sometimes checks the vehicle's oil level and tire pressure, then collects payment and perhaps a small tip.

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Nearly all filling stations in North America advertise their prices on large signs outside the stations. Some locations have laws requiring such signage.

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In Canada, the number is on the decline. As of December 2008, 12,684 were in operation, significantly down from about 20,000 stations recorded in 1989.

2033: 1911:, at least one fuel attendant must be on hand to keep watch over potential safety violations and to render assistance to motorists whenever necessary. 4994: 2893:

It is prohibited to use open flames and, in some places, mobile phones on the forecourt of a filling station because of the risk of igniting gasoline

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In the mid-1960s in Moscow there were about 250 stations. A significant boost in retail network development occurred with the mass launch of the car "

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In some regions of America and Australia, many filling stations have a mechanic on duty, but this practice has died out in other parts of the world.

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Gasoline can leak into the surrounding soil and water, posing health risks. Areas formerly occupied by stations are often contaminated, resulting in

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after filling is permitted and widely available, though some stations may require either a pre-payment or a payment at the pump during night hours.

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Since 2007, gasoline prices in the UK rose by nearly 40 pence per liter, going from 97.3 pence per liter in 2007 to 136.8 pence per liter in 2012.

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in the two areas. Some Canadians and Mexicans in communities close to the US border drive into the United States to purchase cheaper gasoline.

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Gas station attendants have suffered adverse health consequences depending on the type of fuel used, exposure to vehicle exhaust, and types of

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eventually backed down by indefinitely postponing a planned increase in fuel duty. This was partially reversed during December 2006 when then-

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Some countries have only one brand of filling station. In Malaysia, Shell is the dominant player by number of stations, with government-owned

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In most countries, stations are subjected to guidelines and regulations which exist to minimize the potential of fires, and increase safety.

2629:, except sites on freeways built before January 1, 1960, and toll highways that are self-supporting but have Interstate designation, under a 2231: 5300: 5098: 5072: 6076: 2943: 2660:

has stops along two of its 400-series highways, the 401 and the 400, traditionally referred to as "Service Centres", but recently renamed "

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or service plaza. In many cases, these centers might have a food court or restaurants. In the United Kingdom and Ireland these are called

2459:, Iran, Iraq, and Venezuela provide subsidized fuel at well-below world market prices. This practice tends to encourage heavy consumption. 1019:, China finding a loss of 16% within 100 metres (330 ft) and 9% when between 301 metres (988 ft) and 600 metres (2,000 ft). 5530: 5161: 4801: 4624: 4374: 2282: 2249: 5627: 3398: 5891: 5714: 5386: 2414:

In order to save money, some consumers in Canada and the United States inform each other about low and high prices through the use of

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Switzerland, diesel has no tax advantage and retails at a higher price by quantity than gasoline (offset by its higher energy yield).

1673:). Previously, foreign filling station brands were also present in Japan: mainly Shell (operated by Idemitsu since its acquisition of 5122: 4941: 4447: 2621:

directly connected to freeways, but does not rent out space to private businesses, as this is specifically prohibited by law via the

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In the Republic of Ireland, most stations allow customers to pump fuel before paying. Some stations have pay-at-the-pump facilities.

1655: 5912: 5611: 4923: 4287: 3114: 2721:(names differ from brand to brand). Fuel additives for use in cars designed for leaded fuel are available at most filling stations. 741: 132: 4759: 2204:, often coin-operated, are a common amenity to allow the cleaning of vehicle interiors, either by the customer or by an attendant. 1919: 5197: 5042: 3294: 2947:

filler necks are located, there is no expectation of an explosive concentration of gasoline vapor in normal operating conditions.

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Filling stations typically offer one of three types of service to their customers: full service, minimum service or self-service.

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In the United States and Canada, there are generally two marketing types of filling stations: premium brands and discount brands.

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or travel centers, restaurants, gas stations, and motels in clusters on private land adjacent to major interchanges. In the US,

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In Brazil, self-service fuel filling is illegal, due to a federal law enacted in 2000. The law was introduced by Federal Deputy

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An attendant operates the pumps. This is often required due to legislation that prohibits customers from operating the pumps.

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by 2023), Esso and Mobil (last operated by ENEOS Corporation under license from ExxonMobil, all rebranded to ENEOS in 2019).

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In some US states, beer, wine, and liquor are sold at filling stations, though this practice varies according to state law (

85: 5123:"JB petrol kiosks on 'high alert' for foreign vehicles pumping subsidised RON95 fuel amid larger fines of over RM1 million" 2960:

The UK has 8,385 filling stations As of 2019, down from about 18,000 in 1992 and a peak of around 40,000 in the mid-1960s.

960: 4402: 1300:, this practice is illegal, and stations are required to sell to all at the same price. Some convenience stores, such as 6271: 6205: 5028:"File:Consumer prices of petroleum products, end of second half 2014 (EUR per litre) YB15-fr.png - Statistics Explained" 3030: 2559: 2396:(dedicated) to fund transportation projects such as the maintenance of existing roads and the construction of new ones. 1499: 871:

The underground modular filling station is a construction model for filling stations that was developed and patented by

6034: 3899:"Assessment of occupational hazards, health problems and safety practices of petrol station attendants in Uyo, Nigeria" 2060:

The constitutionality of the self-service bans has been disputed. The Oregon statute was brought into court in 1989 by

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passed a law allowing for it in 2023, but stations are still required to provide full-serve for customers who want it.

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Red counties do not permit self-service. Blue counties require full-service, but allow stations to permit self-service.

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The US had 114,474 stations in 2012, according to the US Census Bureau, down from 118,756 in 2007 and 121,446 in 2002.

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has prohibited self-service stations since the early 1970s firstly to prevent theft and later due to safety concerns.

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In China, according to different reports, the total number of gas/oil stations (at the end of 2018) is about 106,000.

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Singapore, like Hong Kong, also has similarly high pump prices, which are largely based on a pricing strategy called

2301:

National prices representative of gasoline price (Eurosuper 95) on 24 September 2018, as provided by EU member states

2133:

for customers to clean their vehicle's windows. Discount stations may not provide these amenities in some countries.

1603: 704: 602:

resulted in an increased demand for filling stations. The world's first purpose-built gas station was constructed in

3270: 3208: 2462:

Hong Kong has some of the highest pump prices in the world, but most customers are given discounts as card members.

6195: 6167: 3094: 1561: 1421:, but ever since Mexico's energy laws were gradually liberalized starting from 2013, foreign brands such as Shell, 789:

The majority of filling stations are built in a similar manner, with most of the fueling installation underground,

611: 509: 850:

If a filling station allows customers to pay at the dispenser, the data from the dispenser may be transmitted via

723: 708: 59: 6335: 3084: 2936: 2626: 2145: 1864: 1803: 1095: 99: 5584: 5517:

Number of Gas Stations in Canada Continues to Decline | Markets | News Releases | CCN | Canadian Business Online

5495: 5469: 5443: 4647: 2566:

In the UK and Ireland, a 'service station' refers to much larger facilities, usually attached to motorways (see

379:" (or "gasbar") is used. In the rest of the English-speaking world the fuel is known as "petrol", and the term " 6340: 6180: 6069: 4505: 2645: 2578: 2466: 2079: 2024: 1985: 1764: 638: 3345: 1982:, in 1949. It was operated by the independent company Henderson Thriftway Petroleum, owned by Bill Henderson. 5136: 4533: 4468: 1399:(the forerunner company name, Standard Oil or S.O.) in many places, most noticeably in Canada and Singapore. 6286: 6230: 6210: 4556: 2882: 2711: 2358: 2083: 2037: 2009: 225: 153: 81: 4998: 4869: 1354: 6137: 5344: 4501: 4327: 4091:"A Petro-Canada gas station polluted their land decades ago — they're still fighting to get it cleaned up" 2470: 2415: 1572: 1453: 1281: 1269: 994: 933: 763: 261: 213: 4894: 4212: 2046:

prohibited self-service in a 1951 statute prohibiting that listed 17 different justifications, including

5369: 4648:"Oregon drivers are now allowed to pump their own fuel after the state lifted a ban dating back to 1951" 3936:"Hydrocarbon Release During Fuel Storage and Transfer at Gas Stations: Environmental and Health Effects" 3373: 2914: 2611: 1575:, which together control approximately 87% of the market. Foreign brands such as BP (joint venture with 1480: 1345: 1011: 899:, Finland. These tests have included for instance burning cars and explosions in the station simulator. 669: 642: 627: 4534:"Department of Labor and Workforce Development | Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act and Regulations" 4469:"Department of Labor and Workforce Development | Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act and Regulations" 2832:

self-service filling station where payment is made at the pump by credit or debit card. This one is in

2633:. As a result, such areas often provide only minimal services such as restrooms and vending machines. 2000: 1546: 4590: 5645: 5291: 3947: 3855: 3796: 3697: 3486: 2286: 2218:

affiliated with their parent oil companies to customers. This practice fell out of favor due to the

2072: 1518: 964: 941: 529: 3731:

Santos-Mello, Renato; Cavalcante, Berenice (1992). "Cytogenetic studies on gas station attendants".

3252: 1436:

In the United Kingdom, the three largest are BP, Esso and Shell; the "Big Four" supermarket chains,

1375:

Some companies, such as Shell, use their brand worldwide, however, Chevron uses its inherited brand

6062: 5572: 5417: 5242:"If you are an operator of or an employee at a petrol filling station – Petrol: Fire and Explosion" 4173:"The Impacts of Gasoline Stations on Residential Property Values: A Case Study in Xuancheng, China" 4017: 3384: 2848: 2847:

this prevents inadvertently using leaded fuel in an engine not designed for it, which can damage a

2754:). Some stations offer 98 RON with lead substitute (often called Lead-Replacement Petrol, or LRP). 2554:

while still selling fuel, while others continued to offer services but discontinued offering fuel.

2219: 2141: 1994: 1576: 1564: 1426: 1071: 677: 615: 563: 508:

back in 1888. Shortly thereafter other pharmacies sold gasoline as a side business. Since 2008 the

428: 288: 217: 5266: 5245: 3475:"Benzene emissions from gas station clusters: a new framework for estimating lifetime cancer risk" 1324:

coming in second. In Indonesia, the dominant player by number of stations is the government-owned

6190: 5286: 5166: 4898: 4851: 4090: 4071: 3879: 3828: 2729: 2630: 2595: 2445: 2401: 2051: 1888: 1674: 949: 829: 623: 165: 3405: 1884: 1844: 4561: 4509: 4492:

Genovese, Peter (2004). "Full-service gas stations". In Lurie, Maxine N.; Mappen, Marc (eds.).

3369:"Maryland service station just became the nation's first to ditch gasoline for electric energy" 6245: 6225: 6185: 6013: 5992: 5971: 5950: 5929: 5908: 5887: 5868: 5844: 5825: 5802: 5777: 5756: 5735: 5710: 5689: 5668: 5649: 5607: 5527: 4843: 4513: 4382: 4194: 4134: 4063: 3973: 3965: 3910: 3871: 3820: 3812: 3756: 3748: 3713: 3648: 3630: 3579: 3561: 3520: 3502: 3074: 3064: 2909: 2788:; 87 (Regular), 89 (Mid-Grade), and 93 (Premium) are typical grades. At high altitudes in the 2763: 2551: 2513: 2505: 2477: 2155: 2110: 1931: 1848: 1587: 1407: 1209: 1177: 1079: 952:. In addition to long-term exposure, there are bursts of short-term exposures to benzene when 759: 440: 424: 280: 5076: 3934:

Hilpert, Markus; Mora, Bernat Adria; Ni, Jian; Rule, Ana M.; Nachman, Keeve E. (2015-10-05).

3898: 2422:

Fixing prices and exchanging information on prices or cost (including discounts and rebates),

1896:

are able to self-dispense fuel at self-service stations, generally identified in Japanese as

1485: 936:, and chlorinated solvents can cause liver and kidney problems. Benzene in particular causes 106: 6309: 6127: 5821: 4835: 4598: 4493: 4355: 4184: 4126: 4055: 3955: 3863: 3804: 3740: 3705: 3638: 3620: 3610: 3569: 3551: 3510: 3494: 3428: 3134: 3109: 2833: 2285:', caused wide-scale havoc not only across the UK, but also in some other EU countries. The 2162: 1852: 1666: 1568: 1526: 1237: 1221: 1201: 1115: 1044: 945: 844: 798: 160: 35: 31: 5623: 1631: 1349: 770: 544: 6314: 6220: 5631: 5534: 5373: 5351: 5296: 5273: 5229: 4949: 4672:"Long Island Town May Finally Give Gas Station Owners Option Of Having Self-Service Pumps" 4439: 4291: 3298: 2804: 2789: 2591: 2373: 2106: 1744: 1554: 1341: 1289: 993:

documented significant drinking water contamination from a Mobil station in Canob Park in

913: 754: 229: 4738: 4284: 2669: 3951: 3859: 3800: 3701: 3643: 3598: 3540:"Steinmaus and Smith Respond to "Proximity to Gasoline Stations and Childhood Leukemia"" 3490: 2969:

In Japan, the number dropped from a peak of 60,421 in 1994 to 40,357 at the end of 2009.

2241: 1040: 6345: 6240: 6157: 5201: 3574: 3539: 3515: 3474: 3291: 2781: 2641: 2547: 2509: 2270: 2262: 2201: 2137: 1880: 1670: 1591: 1441: 1417:

In Mexico, the historical monopoly filling station operator, and still the largest, is

1257: 1245: 1241: 884: 840: 816: 420: 404: 344: 340: 296: 269: 209: 149: 1875: 6329: 6085: 6038: 5858: 4855: 4494: 4075: 3883: 3744: 3104: 2994: 2901: 2841: 2785: 2697: 2681: 2607: 2512:

in 2020. The building, which formerly housed a service station, was converted into a

2191: 2173: 2122: 1534: 1495: 1403: 1329: 1285: 1265: 1253: 872: 825: 783: 659: 610:, in 1905 at 420 South Theresa Avenue. The second station was constructed in 1907 by 525: 368: 356: 320: 195: 3832: 2369: 2253:

Many supermarkets in Europe have branched into gasoline retailing, as shown by this

2101: 1783: 1452:, also operate filling stations, as well as some smaller supermarket chains such as 1344:

is the dominant player by number of stations, with the privately owned and operated

1296:, debt card or a credit card issuer exclusive to that chain. In some areas, such as 6235: 6175: 6152: 4189: 4172: 4130: 3867: 3709: 2925: 2905: 2797: 2440: 2293: 2273:

member states, gasoline prices are much higher than in North America due to higher

2047: 2005: 1740: 1514: 1181: 1119: 1107: 1083: 984: 953: 925: 807: 631: 599: 575: 336: 237: 4238:"Ditjen Migas :: Media Tracking / April,-Peralihan-ke-SPBU-Asing-Makin-Marak" 1947: 6007: 5986: 5965: 5944: 5923: 5902: 5881: 5862: 5838: 5815: 5792: 5771: 5750: 5725: 5704: 5683: 5662: 5639: 6276: 6117: 6107: 5843:. Bulfinch Press book. Boston; New York; Toronto; London: Little, Brown and Co. 2931: 2816: 2793: 2677: 2665: 2393: 2274: 2195: 2130: 2065: 1967: 1860: 1542: 1530: 1522: 1468: 1229: 1205: 1173: 1153: 1127: 1067: 968: 833: 693: 579: 493: 400: 332: 203: 48: 3615: 3498: 2951:

in the fueling area may be specially certified for use around gasoline vapors.

2214:

From approximately 1920 to 1980, many service stations in the US provided free

2086:

have also prohibited self-service stations since 1975 and 1977, respectively.

415:" describes any petrol station; Australians and New Zealanders also call it a " 347:, or traditional convenience stores, have provided fuel pumps on the premises. 17: 6266: 5099:"Three-quarter tank rule at checkpoints to include vehicles running on diesel" 4839: 4059: 3960: 3935: 3172: 3012: 2673: 2637: 2527: 2166: 2054: 1772: 1760: 1732: 1699: 1619: 1384: 1367: 1297: 1157: 1131: 989: 980: 836: 794: 779: 655: 646: 595: 497: 312: 300: 284: 5829: 5137:"Then & Now: Service stations popular until 1970s | The Spokesman-Review" 4847: 4198: 4138: 4067: 3969: 3914: 3875: 3816: 3752: 3717: 3634: 3565: 3506: 1939:

Some of them are free to gas customers who spend more than a certain amount.

6304: 6261: 6112: 5806: 5619: 5171: 4823: 3140: 3129: 3039: 3000: 2904:

by driving on dry road surfaces. However many tire compounds contain enough

2803:

In the US gasoline is described in terms of its "pump octane", which is the

2618: 2603: 2583: 2567: 2500: 2481: 2254: 2215: 2170: 1955:

In the past, filling stations in the United States offered a choice between

1923: 1788: 1768: 1437: 1325: 1293: 1225: 1103: 1016: 802: 775: 651: 603: 505: 396: 316: 265: 191: 5653: 3977: 3824: 3652: 3583: 3524: 3468: 3466: 3442:"Introduction of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contaminants and its Human Effects" 2015: 1411: 468: 5872: 3760: 2361:

was in Belgium at €0.50 /L, and the most expensive at €0.83 /L in France.

887:

and especially in Soviet Union, but they were not built in other parts of

6281: 6142: 6132: 6122: 6102: 6043: 4112: 4110: 3667:"Benzene releases from gasoline stations — Implications for human health" 3625: 3599:"Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia" 3556: 3099: 3089: 3045: 2455:

On the other hand, some of the major oil-producing countries such as the

2354: 2278: 2258: 2208: 2126: 2090: 1979: 1975: 1927: 1832: 1550: 1491: 1457: 1337: 1321: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1217: 1213: 1111: 937: 859: 673: 665: 607: 571: 501: 485: 481: 473: 387:" is used. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa " 253: 241: 233: 199: 6006:————————— (2000). 5985:————————— (1994). 5703:————————— (2013). 4995:"Cars and Garages: Diagnose Problems, Estimate Costs & Find Garages" 2981:

Russia—there were about 25,000 stations in the Russian Federation (2011)

2717:

In Australia, gasoline is unleaded, and available in 91, 95, 98 and 100

6215: 6147: 5991:. Enthusiast color series. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. 4971:"CONSUMER PRICES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (INCLUSIVE OF DUTIES AND TAXES)" 3079: 3069: 3058: 2766: 2749: 2733: 2661: 2657: 2587: 2114: 2089:

Contrary to popular belief, lit cigarettes are not capable of igniting

1333: 1249: 1185: 1140: 1136: 1054:

sell well-recognized and often international brands of fuel, including

929: 921: 917: 880: 876: 619: 567: 489: 408: 324: 292: 257: 249: 245: 5730:. Creating the North American landscape series. Baltimore and London: 4718:"Session 9 picks up, rejects self-service gas, begins zoning articles" 1292:

to be eligible for the discounted price, or pay only with the chain's

3808: 3024: 2918: 2718: 2653: 2484:

requires most filling stations to notify their "tomorrow prices" by 2

2187: 2043: 2020: 1971: 1580: 1538: 1510: 1476: 1463:

In Poland, the three largest operators are the partially state-owned

1380: 1376: 1277: 1261: 1233: 1197: 1189: 1169: 1161: 1099: 1087: 896: 888: 855: 851: 556: 549: 372: 328: 308: 188: 4018:

Prevention, cleanup, and reuse benefits from the federal UST program

3473:

Hsieh, Pei Yang; Shearston, Jenni A.; Hilpert, Markus (2021-01-07).

1636: 1332:

and Shell are increasingly found in big cities such as the capital

932:). Prolonged exposure to toluene can cause permanent damage to the 359:

the fuel is known as "gasoline" or "gas" for short, and the terms "

5664:

Roadside Memories: A Collection of Vintage Gas Station Photographs

5604:

Gas Stop: The gas station in American life and landscape 1978–1981

4895:"It's free to breathe, but air comes with a price at gas stations" 2894: 2881: 2823: 2815: 2707: 2701: 2577: 2526: 2499: 2439: 2379: 2368: 2248: 2240: 2100: 2014: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1946: 1918: 1874: 1843: 1782: 1726: 1506: 1464: 1449: 1418: 1392: 1388: 1366: 1165: 1123: 1075: 1059: 1055: 1039: 1010:

neighbouring area drops. An analysis of residential properties in

769: 753: 543: 467: 304: 159: 144: 5946:"Fill 'er Up": An Architectural History of America's Gas Stations 3993:"Rural Rhode Island Town at Epicenter of Leaking Fuel Tank Story" 676:

became the first filling station in the country to convert to an

331:

and have added shops to their primary business. Conversely, some

6088: 5688:. Crestline series. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. 4263:"B.C. to implement 'Grant's Law' to protect gas station workers" 2829: 2685: 2061: 1445: 1430: 1396: 1273: 1193: 1063: 790: 533: 273: 184: 6058: 4781:"Weymouth holds tight to 41-year ban on self-service gas pumps" 2557:

This kind of business provided the name for the US comic strip

883:, US. Above-ground modular stations were built in the 1980s in 574:

in 1970. Gasoline for other than non-private cars was sold for

6054: 4216: 4016:

Jenkins, Robin R.; Guignet, Dennis; Walsh, Patrick J. (2014).

3018: 2384:

Retail markup over crude oil and wholesale gasoline, 2014–2019

687: 42: 5366: 4693:"Huntington may lift ban on self-service gas pumps | Newsday" 4351:"Ministro Aldo Rebelo comenta artigo sobre baixo crescimento" 4041: 4039: 4037: 2984:

In Argentina, as of 2021, there are more than 5,000 stations.

2636:

Private entrepreneurs develop additional facilities, such as

4824:"The Propensity of Lit Cigarettes to Ignite Gasoline Vapors" 4306:"Whatever Happened To...Those Full-Service Gas Stations...?" 1835:(or pay-at-the-pump) system, these are completely unstaffed. 839:

and filter these from rainwater which may then proceed to a

668:

officials said that on September 26, 2019, RS Automotive in

536:

and brought by Antonio Duarte Moreira, a taxi entrepreneur.

5776:. Photo Archive series. Minneapolis, MN, USA: Iconografix. 4739:"Massachusetts Town Votes to Block Self-Serve Gas Stations" 4213:"Find Costco Gas Price & Nearby Stations (August 2023)" 3006: 2772: 1966:

The first self-service station in the United States was in

1739:

A large majority of stations allow customers to pay with a

1429:, as well as the country's largest convenience store chain 1422: 1091: 5606:. Vol. 4 volumes. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl-Verlag. 4621:"Many central Oregon gas stations to pass on self-service" 3196:

The Car is Born – A documentary about Carl and Bertha Benz

1143:

exits, utilizing tall signs to display their brand logos.

578:

only. This type of payment system stopped in the midst of

472:

The world's first "filling station", the City Pharmacy in

375:, and the Caribbean. In some regions of Canada, the term " 5867:(3rd ed.). Alhambra, CA, USA: The Cunningham Press. 3787:/N372H in female gas station workers in Rio de Janeiro". 2739:

In Europe, gasoline is unleaded and available in 95 RON (

2161:

Many stations, particularly in the United States, have a

5798:] History of Gas Pump Companies and Service Stations 1883:

self-service station with attached convenience store in

272:, although generally these are just used to inflate car 3946:(4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 412–422. 3609:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 771–782. 3485:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 273–283. 3479:

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering

1475:), followed by Shell and BP. Smaller operators include 5414:"UKPIA – Refining Britain's Fuels – Industry Overview" 2972:

In Germany, the number dropped down to 14,300 in 2011.

2144:, to inflate tires and a hose to add water to vehicle 1787:

A filling station on the road from the Thai border to

3903:

Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care

2989:

The largest filling station networks in Europe (2017)

2473:

for the benefit of lower-income Malaysian residents.

891:

due to the stations' lack of safety in case of fire.

5840:

Pump and Circumstance: Glory Days of the Gas Station

5817:

Ed Ruscha's Gas Stations and the Return of Nostalgia

4623:. Associated Press. 30 December 2017. Archived from 4421:

The Association for Convenience & Fuel Retailing

626:, at what is now Pier 32. Reighard's Gas Station in 6295: 6254: 6166: 6095: 4822:Marcus, Howard A.; Geiman, Justin A. (2014-11-01). 4171:Zhao, Qinna; Liu, Mengling; Chen, Qi (2017-11-01). 2780:In the United States all motor vehicle gasoline is 963:(PPE) offered. Studies have noted higher levels of 73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5528:2010 Report into Future Service Stations from METI 5162:"Vacationers, beware: Bad gas can damage your car" 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 3446:Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health 2784:and is available in several grades with different 4285:Find 24 Hour Gas Station/Filling Station Near You 3538:Steinmaus, Craig; Smith, Martyn T. (2016-12-06). 2140:, typically with a built-in or provided handheld 1371:An ENEOS filling station near Mount Fuji in Japan 1433:, have also started operating filling stations. 879:in 1993. Afterwards the same system was used in 5198:"Petrol Stations – Health and Safety Authority" 5043:"A Shortage at the Pump: Not of Gas, but of 4s" 3165: 2448:filling station has hoses that hang from above. 1897: 1656:Hokuren Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives 1379:in Asia Pacific, Australia and Africa, and its 198:. The most common fuels sold in the 2010s were 5970:. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. 5794:10 Gallons for a Dollar: A Pictoral [ 4591:"Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1980–1987" 4023:(Report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3159: 2606:and some interstate freeways and is called an 2428:Engaging in misleading or deceptive practices. 1904: 1647: 600:automobiles that the middle class could afford 6070: 5928:. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing Company. 2617:Often, the state government maintains public 1743:payment card or pay in the shop. Many have a 1641:, except in Hokkaido where the brand name is 480:The first known filling station was the city 8: 6012:. Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing Company. 5883:Fill 'er Up!: The Great American Gas Station 5773:American Service Stations: 1935 Through 1943 5548:"Anzahl an Tankstellen und Markenverteilung" 5322:"15 USC Ch. 49: Fire Prevention and Control" 1560:In India, the three major operators are the 1288:), consumers are required to hold a special 323:items, such as milk or eggs. Some also sell 3249:"The history of filling stations in Russia" 2864:inch (23.8 mm) which does not fit the 2563:, where a number of the characters worked. 2425:Limiting or restraining competition unduly, 2097:Other goods and services commonly available 1974:, the first self-service station opened in 1102:. Non-international premium brands include 722:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 594:The increase in automobile ownership after 319:, and, in some cases, a small selection of 6077: 6063: 6055: 5724:Jakle, John A.; Sculle, Keith A. (2002) . 5682:Henderson, Wayne; Benjamin, Scott (1994). 3897:Johnson, O.E.; Umoren, Q.M. (2018-03-22). 3338:"E85 Station Opens in Concord, California" 3125:National Association of Convenience Stores 2296:raised fuel duty by 1.25 pence per liter. 2183:Alcohol laws of the United States by state 1669:(operates self-service stations under the 6035:Energy Policy: How Gas Stations Price Gas 5709:. Kernersville, NC, USA: PCM Publishing. 4924:"When Maps Reflected Romance of the Road" 4188: 3959: 3642: 3624: 3614: 3573: 3555: 3550:(1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 5–7. 3514: 2758:2006. Leaded fuel was abolished in 1996. 2688:gas bars at earlier renovated locations. 2541:List of filling stations in North America 2444:Like many gasoline stands in Japan, this 742:Learn how and when to remove this message 395:" are still commonly used. Similarly, in 133:Learn how and when to remove this message 5904:Servo: Great Australian Service Stations 5667:. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing. 5585:"Orlen w pierwszej dziesiątce w Europie" 4760:"Ban on self-service pumps remains firm" 4375:"Gas Stations in Japan - How to fill up" 2743:) and, in nearly all countries, 98 RON ( 2582:Linnatuuli, a highway service centre in 2245:Fuel prices in Germany (cents per liter) 1989:A typical US filling station, like this 1747:system, where customers can enter their 1586:In Japan, the four major operators are: 1359:respectively in second and third place. 27:Facility which sells gasoline and diesel 5573:2019年中国加油站行业竞争格局与发展趋势行业研究两桶油各占半壁江山【组图】 4568:. Legislative Counsel Committee of the 3789:Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 3188: 3152: 2777:). Leaded fuel is no longer available. 2706:A state petroleum inspector visiting a 1731:A small independent filling station in 1130:, often issue their own company cards ( 5178:from the original on November 20, 2016 3215:from the original on 23 September 2015 2886:A no smoking sign at a filling station 2736:, RON 98 gas is sold for racing cars. 2154:Many filling stations have integrated 2004:A typical Canadian station, like this 1505:In Australia, the major operators are 801:inside a building. Single or multiple 5949:. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. 5886:. St. Paul, MN, USA: Voyageur Press. 5755:. Aberdeen, WA, USA: Jones Photo Co. 4802:"No pumping your own gas in Weymouth" 4566:Oregon Revised Statutes, 2007 edition 2232:Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing 1537:branding). Smaller operators include 7: 5641:The Rise of the American Gas Station 5494:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 5468:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 5442:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 3940:Current Environmental Health Reports 3733:Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 2944:National Fire Protection Association 2488:pm each day; prices are changed at 6 2198:machines without time restrictions. 1970:, opened in 1947 by Frank Urich. In 720:adding citations to reliable sources 71:adding citations to reliable sources 3267:"America's Oldest Gasoline Station" 1383:brand in Europe and Latin America. 1328:, although other companies such as 645:, opened to the motoring public in 212:are used to pump gasoline, diesel, 4177:Journal of Sustainable Real Estate 4054:(3). Informa UK Limited: 144–152. 2978:India—60,799 (as of November 2017) 1402:In Brazil, the main operators are 1340:. In Taiwan, the government-owned 25: 5706:One Hundred Years of Gas Stations 5661:Helms, Todd; Flohe, Chip (1997). 3115:List of automotive fuel retailers 1671:Lawson convenience store branding 1346:Formosa Petrochemical Corporation 1110:(owned by Suncor Energy Canada), 832:which is designed to capture any 5922:Steil, Tim; Luning, Jim (2002). 5638:Garwood, Robert Douglas (1980). 4983:from the original on 2017-10-08. 4363:from the original on 2015-02-26. 4183:(1). Informa UK Limited: 66–85. 4125:(1). Informa UK Limited: 29–42. 3603:European Journal of Epidemiology 3544:American Journal of Epidemiology 3235:"Desde que gasolina era com 'z'" 2680:. At most sites fuel is sold by 2602:This arrangement occurs on many 2207:Some stations are equipped with 2034:Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst 1553:convenience store branding) and 1202:Loblaws/Real Canadian Superstore 1126:. Premium-brand stations accept 692: 47: 6201:2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol 5752:Motor Cars and Serv-us Stations 5492:"American FactFinder – Results" 5466:"American FactFinder – Results" 5440:"American FactFinder – Results" 5387:"UKPIA Statistical Review 2018" 5303:from the original on 2009-02-08 5053:from the original on 2009-04-17 4946:Road Map Collectors Association 4450:from the original on 2012-10-01 4415:Hamaker, Sarah (October 2011). 4119:Journal of Real Estate Research 2109:express convenience store in a 1628:Japan Agricultural Cooperatives 912:Gasoline contains a mixture of 496:refilled the tank of the first 222:hydrogen compressed natural gas 58:needs additional citations for 5732:Johns Hopkins University Press 5267:Gas station regulations Rwanda 5223:Gas station regulations Zambia 4324:"Husky Cardlocks – MyHusky.ca" 4190:10.1080/10835547.2017.12091901 4131:10.1080/10835547.1997.12090890 3868:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117847 3710:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.052 3292:First Drive-In Filling Station 2623:Interstate Highway Act of 1956 2341:source European Union DG ENER 2121:Many filling stations provide 2023:station with several pumps in 1863:, who claims it saved 300,000 1626:). Smaller operators include: 1583:) and Shell are also present. 1312:outlets in the United States. 279:Many filling stations provide 1: 5964:Witzel, Michael Karl (1992). 5367:Petroleum Equipment Institute 5287:"Mobile phones as fire risks" 5160:Phelan, Mark (May 29, 2013). 4089:Anderson, Drew (2022-01-08). 3696:(9). Elsevier BV: 1889–1902. 3440:Adipah, Sylvia (2019-01-07). 2812:Differences in gasoline pumps 2532: 2190:also allows the operation of 2125:for customer use, as well as 1677:in 2018–19, all rebranded to 1533:(mostly under the dual Shell- 1395:brands but is still known as 1272:). At some stations (such as 961:personal protective equipment 6272:Automatic transmission fluid 6206:Dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid 6158:Racing fuel (Tetraethyllead) 5285:Spencer Kelly (2004-11-05). 4695:. 2019-12-02. Archived from 4403:이제 전국 주유소의 절반 넘었다… ‘셀프 전성시대’ 4304:Fred Kienle (Jan 21, 2018). 4269:. 2006-10-04. Archived from 4215:. 2023-08-08. Archived from 3745:10.1016/0165-1218(92)90059-9 3367:Holley, Peter (2019-09-29). 3344:. 2008-08-06. Archived from 3209:"Bertha Benz Memorial Route" 867:Underground filling stations 6050:Wisconsin Public Television 6009:Gas Stations Coast to Coast 5864:Twentysix Gasoline Stations 5622:photos taken 1978 to 1982. 5071:Competition Bureau Canada. 4922:Patton, Phil (2006-11-12). 4893:Brown, Matt (4 July 2013). 4570:Oregon Legislative Assembly 4438:Gackle, Paul (2008-08-22). 3991:Detz, Joanna (2015-05-20). 3739:(4). Elsevier BV: 285–290. 3669:. Health Canada. 2023-03-10 3166: 2820:A service station in Angola 2625:which created the national 2291:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2136:Stations typically have an 1898: 1549:(operates servos under the 548:Modern gas station column. 183:) is a facility that sells 6362: 6196:Dimethyl methylphosphonate 5943:Vieyra, Daniel I. (1979). 5925:Fantastic Filling Stations 5749:Jones, William D. (1998). 5727:The Gas Station in America 5041:Belson, Ken (2008-07-15). 4496:Encyclopedia of New Jersey 4349:Aldo Rebelo (2015-02-23). 3616:10.1007/s10654-023-01009-0 3499:10.1007/s40201-020-00601-w 3452:(1). Fortune Journals: 1–9 3095:Gasoline usage and pricing 2839: 2695: 2538: 2229: 1698:In New Zealand, BP has an 612:Standard Oil of California 510:Bertha Benz Memorial Route 443:, a commonly used term is 29: 6048:—Documentary produced by 5907:. Sydney: HarperCollins. 4840:10.1007/s10694-013-0380-3 4646:Rose, Andy (2023-08-06). 4060:10.1017/s1466046609990123 3961:10.1007/s40572-015-0074-8 3160: 3085:Filling station attendant 2627:Interstate Highway System 1905: 1867:jobs across the country. 1735:, West Yorkshire, England 1690:Australia and New Zealand 1648: 1509:, BP, Chevron Australia ( 1363:Global and local branding 1316:State-controlled stations 512:commemorates this event. 6181:Butylated hydroxytoluene 5967:The American Gas Station 5837:Margolies, John (1993). 4506:Rutgers University Press 3137:(a gas station in space) 2646:TravelCenters of America 2467:Mean of Platts Singapore 2080:Arlington, Massachusetts 2025:Breezewood, Pennsylvania 1926:full-service station in 1467:(including acquisitions 500:on its maiden trip from 30:Not to be confused with 6287:Windshield washer fluid 6231:Methyl tert-butyl ether 6211:2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol 6123:Lead Replacement Petrol 5345:"CarCare – Auto Clinic" 3854:. Elsevier BV: 117847. 3848:Atmospheric Environment 3690:Atmospheric Environment 2712:Port Charlotte, Florida 2416:gasoline price websites 2084:Weymouth, Massachusetts 2010:Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 1606:(under the brand names 1594:(under the brand names 1045:Hydrogen fueling nozzle 940:and is associated with 226:liquefied petroleum gas 154:Culver City, California 6138:Compressed natural gas 5770:Kirn, M., ed. (1995). 5602:Freund, David (2016). 4502:Piscataway, New Jersey 4417:"Self-Serve Evolution" 4048:Environmental Practice 3301:, ExplorePAhistory.com 2937:Cell Phone Destruction 2887: 2837: 2821: 2808:the "(R+M)/2 method". 2714: 2612:motorway service areas 2599: 2574:Highway service centre 2536: 2517: 2471:Government of Malaysia 2449: 2385: 2377: 2353:In 2014, according to 2266: 2246: 2118: 2028: 2012: 1997: 1952: 1935: 1892: 1856: 1792: 1736: 1630:(under the brand name 1622:(under the brand name 1573:Indian Oil Corporation 1547:Seven & i Holdings 1454:The Co-operative Group 1410:, but Esso and Shell ( 1372: 1050:Filling stations with 1047: 995:Richmond, Rhode Island 934:central nervous system 786: 767: 764:Lost Hills, California 568:Volga Automobile Plant 552: 477: 262:straight vegetable oil 214:compressed natural gas 168: 157: 5880:Russell, Tim (2007). 5814:Lehman, Bree (2010). 5357:, April 2003, p. 163. 4283:Brian Jones. (2023). 4154:The Appraisal Journal 3795:(9). Wiley: 730–734. 3374:Winston-Salem Journal 2915:lower explosive limit 2885: 2827: 2819: 2705: 2581: 2530: 2503: 2443: 2383: 2372: 2252: 2244: 2104: 2018: 2003: 1988: 1950: 1922: 1878: 1847: 1786: 1730: 1370: 1068:Phillips 66/Conoco/76 1043: 1012:Cuyahoga County, Ohio 965:chromosomal deletions 778:filling station near 773: 757: 643:Gulf Refining Company 570:, which was built in 547: 471: 163: 148: 5988:Gas Station Memories 5901:Sonter, Jim (2011). 5646:University of Oregon 5376:Retrieved 2014-06-10 4942:"Maps by the Decade" 4379:realestate-tokyo.com 3399:"erpecnews19_europe" 3120:LPG tank connections 2949:Electrical equipment 2073:Huntington, New York 1751:prior to refueling. 1519:ExxonMobil Australia 1414:) are also present. 967:and higher rates of 942:non-Hodgkin lymphoma 811:from the forecourt. 716:improve this section 582:in the early 1990s. 67:improve this article 5498:on 13 February 2020 5472:on 13 February 2020 5446:on 13 February 2020 5248:on 19 November 2016 4627:on 31 December 2017 4444:Winnipeg Free Press 3952:2015CEHR....2..412H 3860:2020AtmEn.24117847A 3801:2017EnvMM..58..730S 3702:2007AtmEn..41.1889K 3491:2021JEHSE..19..273H 3385:The Washington Post 3348:on 28 November 2014 3036:Avia—3,000 stations 2849:catalytic converter 2684:, with a few older 2531:US service station 2325:< €1.50 /L < 2318:< €1.35 /L < 2311:< €1.25 /L < 2257:filling station in 2220:1970s energy crisis 2142:tire-pressure gauge 1995:Belmont, California 1700:app for smartphones 1577:Reliance Industries 1565:Hindustan Petroleum 1282:BJ's Wholesale Club 1270:BJ's Wholesale Club 828:before it enters a 684:Design and function 678:EV charging station 289:alcoholic beverages 218:compressed hydrogen 164:Filling station in 6191:1,2-Dichloroethane 5801:. Detroit: Harlo. 5630:2018-01-29 at the 5533:2013-02-06 at the 5372:2008-07-19 at the 5350:2017-02-15 at the 5272:2016-03-04 at the 5228:2016-03-18 at the 5204:on 3 December 2016 5167:Detroit Free Press 5047:The New York Times 4928:The New York Times 4899:The Press Democrat 4405:- The Chosun Daily 4290:2023-07-26 at the 3557:10.1093/aje/kww133 3297:2010-12-15 at the 2900:Cars can build up 2888: 2838: 2822: 2715: 2656:, the province of 2631:grandfather clause 2600: 2552:convenience stores 2537: 2518: 2450: 2402:convenience stores 2386: 2378: 2267: 2247: 2156:convenience stores 2119: 2029: 2013: 1998: 1953: 1936: 1893: 1857: 1793: 1737: 1675:Showa Shell Sekiyu 1481:AVIA International 1373: 1210:convenience stores 1048: 950:childhood leukemia 830:petrol interceptor 787: 768: 553: 478: 431:, it is called a " 367:" are used in the 281:convenience stores 169: 166:Argos, Peloponnese 158: 6323: 6322: 6246:Tetranitromethane 6226:Metal deactivator 6186:1,2-Dibromoethane 5791:Lee, Bob (1985). 5355:Popular Mechanics 5141:www.spokesman.com 4519:978-0-8135-3325-4 3147:Explanatory notes 3075:Convenience store 3065:Automated fueling 2955:Worldwide numbers 2910:electrical ground 2514:convenience store 2480:a program called 2478:Western Australia 2436:Rest of the world 2123:toilet facilities 1849:Royal Dutch Shell 1604:ENEOS Corporation 752: 751: 744: 641:filling station, 530:Santos, São Paulo 522:posto de gasolina 283:, which may sell 202:(or petrol) and 175:(also known as a 143: 142: 135: 117: 82:"Filling station" 16:(Redirected from 6353: 6336:Filling stations 6310:MTBE controversy 6079: 6072: 6065: 6056: 6023: 6002: 5981: 5960: 5939: 5918: 5897: 5876: 5854: 5833: 5822:Williams College 5810: 5787: 5766: 5745: 5720: 5699: 5678: 5657: 5617: 5589: 5588: 5581: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5550:. 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Archived from 3245: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3177: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3135:Propellant depot 3110:Hydrogen station 2873: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2834:Middleton, Leeds 2668:(at all sites), 2534: 2496:Service stations 2491: 2487: 2339:Non member state 2338: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2163:fast food outlet 1910: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1853:Feira de Santana 1779:Types of service 1667:Mitsubishi Group 1664: 1653: 1651: 1650: 1640: 1569:Bharat Petroleum 1527:United Petroleum 1489: 1358: 1222:Cumberland Farms 946:multiple myeloma 903:Negative impacts 847:, or to ground. 845:stormwater drain 799:point of service 793:machines in the 747: 740: 736: 733: 727: 696: 688: 639:first "drive-in" 598:started to sell 460:) is also used. 448: 138: 131: 127: 124: 118: 116: 75: 51: 43: 36:fuelling station 32:charging station 21: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6341:1888 in Germany 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6315:Pay at the pump 6291: 6250: 6221:Ethylenediamine 6162: 6103:Gasoline/petrol 6091: 6083: 6031: 6026: 6020: 6005: 5999: 5984: 5978: 5963: 5957: 5942: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5900: 5894: 5879: 5857: 5851: 5836: 5813: 5790: 5784: 5769: 5763: 5748: 5742: 5723: 5717: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5675: 5660: 5637: 5632:Wayback Machine 5614: 5601: 5597: 5595:Further reading 5592: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5554:on 8 April 2015 5545: 5544: 5540: 5535:Wayback Machine 5526: 5522: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5412: 5411: 5407: 5398: 5396: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5374:Wayback Machine 5365: 5361: 5352:Wayback Machine 5343: 5339: 5330: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5306: 5304: 5297:BBC News Online 5284: 5283: 5279: 5274:Wayback Machine 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5230:Wayback Machine 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5145: 5143: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5107: 5105: 5097: 5096: 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stations 15: 12: 11: 5: 6359: 6357: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6328: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6241:Tetraethyllead 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6168:Fuel additives 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6041: 6030: 6029:External links 6027: 6025: 6024: 6018: 6003: 5997: 5982: 5976: 5961: 5955: 5940: 5934: 5919: 5913: 5898: 5893:978-0760328712 5892: 5877: 5855: 5849: 5834: 5811: 5788: 5782: 5767: 5761: 5746: 5740: 5721: 5716:978-0965573665 5715: 5700: 5694: 5679: 5673: 5658: 5635: 5612: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5576: 5565: 5538: 5520: 5509: 5483: 5457: 5431: 5420:on 30 May 2015 5405: 5378: 5359: 5337: 5313: 5277: 5259: 5233: 5215: 5189: 5152: 5128: 5114: 5090: 5079:on 9 June 2015 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2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2366: 2363: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2271:European Union 2263:West Yorkshire 2238: 2235: 2227: 2224: 2174:service plazas 2138:air compressor 2098: 2095: 1944: 1941: 1916: 1913: 1872: 1869: 1865:fuel attendant 1841: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1780: 1777: 1756: 1753: 1724: 1723:United Kingdom 1721: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1364: 1361: 1317: 1314: 1280:gas stations, 1148: 1145: 1052:premium brands 1037: 1036:Premium brands 1034: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1006: 1005:Economic costs 1003: 976: 973: 916:hydrocarbons ( 909: 906: 904: 901: 885:Eastern Europe 868: 865: 841:sanitary sewer 817:vapor recovery 750: 749: 732:September 2019 700: 698: 691: 685: 682: 591: 588: 541: 538: 528:was opened in 517: 514: 465: 462: 446:gasoline stand 405:United Kingdom 381:petrol station 352: 349: 270:air compressor 196:motor vehicles 181:petrol station 150:Pre-fabricated 141: 140: 55: 53: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6358: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6073: 6068: 6066: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6040: 6039:HowStuffWorks 6036: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6021: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5937: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5920: 5916: 5914:9780732292102 5910: 5906: 5905: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5820:(MA thesis). 5819: 5818: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5743: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5644:(MA thesis). 5643: 5642: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5615: 5613:9783958291737 5609: 5605: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5586: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5569: 5566: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5513: 5510: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5395: 5388: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5341: 5338: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5263: 5260: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5219: 5216: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5190: 5182:September 30, 5177: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5153: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5104: 5100: 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4244:on 2012-03-17 4243: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4219:on 2023-08-20 4218: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4019: 4012: 4009: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3775:polymorphisms 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3680: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3626:11380/1312586 3622: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3411:on 2010-06-13 3407: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3386: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3360: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3237:. 2016-08-16. 3236: 3230: 3227: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3156: 3153: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105:Highway oasis 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2995:TotalEnergies 2993: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2926:urban legends 2922: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:static charge 2898: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2877: 2875: 2852: 2850: 2843: 2842:Gasoline pump 2835: 2831: 2828:An unstaffed 2826: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2786:octane rating 2783: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2698:Octane rating 2691: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682:Canadian Tire 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2542: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2442: 2435: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2382: 2376:gasoline pump 2375: 2371: 2365:North America 2364: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2287:UK Government 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 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1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596:apollostation 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1579:, branded as 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535:Coles Express 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404:Vibra Energia 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1369: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:TotalEnergies 1327: 1323: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Canadian Tire 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1046: 1042: 1035: 1033: 1028:North America 1027: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1013: 1004: 1002: 998: 996: 992: 991: 986: 982: 974: 972: 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 954:tanker trucks 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 907: 902: 900: 898: 892: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 873:U-Cont Oy Ltd 866: 864: 861: 857: 853: 848: 846: 842: 838: 835: 831: 827: 826:channel drain 821: 818: 812: 809: 804: 800: 796: 792: 785: 784:Punjab, India 781: 777: 772: 765: 762:station near 761: 756: 746: 743: 735: 725: 721: 717: 711: 710: 706: 701:This section 699: 695: 690: 689: 683: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 661: 660:Pearson Fuels 657: 653: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 590:United States 589: 587: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 551: 546: 539: 537: 535: 531: 527: 526:South America 523: 515: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 475: 470: 463: 461: 459: 455: 452: 449:although the 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 369:United States 366: 362: 358: 357:North America 350: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 238:alcohol fuels 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 167: 162: 155: 152:gas station, 151: 147: 137: 134: 126: 123:February 2020 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: – 83: 79: 78:Find sources: 72: 68: 62: 61: 56:This article 54: 50: 45: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6296: 6236:Nitromethane 6176:Butyl rubber 6153:Butanol fuel 6044: 6008: 5987: 5966: 5945: 5924: 5903: 5882: 5863: 5839: 5816: 5797: 5793: 5772: 5751: 5726: 5705: 5685:Gas Stations 5684: 5663: 5640: 5603: 5579: 5568: 5556:. 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