400:
284:
49:
279:
some years before. Despite his kinship with
Theophilos, the tale is told that the Emperor once had Petronas stripped naked and flogged in public because he had built a palace that overshadowed the house of a widow, in contravention of the law. The palace itself was then torn down, and both the
171:. In 855, Petronas and Bardas encouraged Michael III to seize control of the government: Theoktistos was murdered, Theodora banished to a monastery, Bardas became Michael's chief minister, and Petronas was tasked with the war against the Arabs. In 863, he scored a crushing victory at the
457:. With this victory, Petronas and Bardas were able to secure their eastern borders, strengthen the Byzantine state, and set the stage for the Byzantine conquests of the 10th century. The Byzantine chroniclers add that the victorious general did not survive for long after his victory. A
426:. Petronas was placed in charge of all Byzantine troops assembling to confront the invasion, and through a brilliant coordination effort, three separate forces managed to converge on the Arab army, encircle it, and destroy it at the
351:
and became the effective governor of the
Byzantine Empire. In this position, he displayed remarkable energy and ability, and amongst the most important of his policies was a more aggressive stance against the
339:. Supported by his uncles Bardas and Petronas, Emperor Michael had Theoktistos seized and killed in late 855, while Petronas undertook the confinement of the empress and her daughters into a
859:
331:
In 855, however, Michael III turned fifteen and thus came nominally of age. The young ruler began resenting the dominance of his mother and of
Theoktistos, especially after they selected
399:
844:
879:
884:
814:
788:
869:
764:
736:
712:
727:
839:
834:
175:, a feat which marked the gradual beginning of a Byzantine counter-offensive in the East. Promoted to the rank of
864:
807:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit: 1. Abteilung (641–867), Band 3: Leon (# 4271) – Placentius (# 6265)
756:
462:
283:
454:
102:
447:
184:
92:
393:
221:
212:
128:
332:
392:. After penetrating deeper into Arab territory than any Byzantine commander since the beginning of the
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
798:
313:
305:
300:. A regency council was set up headed by Theodora, along with Petronas and Bardas and their relative
216:
156:
152:
132:
849:
385:
874:
427:
301:
172:
461:, written by a contemporary, claims that Petronas died on the same day as his spiritual father
854:
810:
802:
784:
760:
732:
722:
708:
466:
389:
48:
127:
general and leading aristocrat during the mid-9th century. Petronas was a brother of
Empress
746:
365:
336:
289:
237:
74:
54:
316:" on 11 March 843. Soon after that, Petronas and Bardas were successfully sidelined by the
325:
431:
346:
114:
17:
828:
435:
276:
245:
146:
774:
408:
778:
750:
702:
453:
The defeat of the Arabs and their
Paulician allies became a turning point in the
328:, leaving the eunuch minister the dominant figure throughout Theodora's regency.
470:
458:
297:
272:
259:
198:
168:
164:
473:
was placed opposite those of his sister, the
Empress Theodora, and his nieces.
465:, two years and two months after routing the Arab armies. He was buried in the
369:
319:
268:
204:
275:
convert and general, whose troops had rebelled and proclaimed him emperor at
441:
419:
359:
340:
296:
When
Theophilos died in 842, Theodora was left as regent to her infant son,
253:
178:
138:
124:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
381:
377:
373:
31:
783:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
438:
by his nephew. Soon after, he was raised to the supreme court rank of
324:
Theoktistos, while
Niketiates was killed in an expedition against the
439:
423:
357:
317:
263:
251:
243:
235:
229:
219:. Three other sisters, Kalomaria, Sophia, and Irene, are recorded by
208:
196:
176:
160:
144:
136:
308:, which eventually resulted in the restoration of the veneration of
430:
on
September 3, 863. Petronas carried his defeated enemy's head to
398:
353:
304:. Petronas is said to have urged Theodora to rescind Theophilos's
335:
as his bride, disregarding
Michael's attachment to his mistress,
151:
guard regiment. After Theophilos' death, he played a role in the
309:
552:, "Theophobos" (P. A. Hollingsworth, A. Cutler), pp. 2067–2068.
809:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 564–566.
403:
Clash between Byzantines and Arabs at the Battle of Lalakaon.
118:
258:. In 842, as Theophilos lay dying, Petronas and the eunuch
53:
Petronas (far left) with John the Monk. Miniature from the
801:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2000).
680:
678:
512:
510:
501:
280:
building materials and the plot were left to the widow.
418:), raided deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the
376:
in 856, he plundered his way through the emirate of
287:
Michael III with Theodora and Theoktistos, from the
27:
9th-century Byzantine military leader and aristocrat
407:In 863, an Arab army, led by the emir of Melitene,
135:, under whom he advanced to the high court rank of
98:
88:
80:
70:
62:
39:
540:, "Petronas" (P. A. Hollingsworth), pp. 1644–1645.
356:in the East. Consequently, Petronas was appointed
731:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
704:Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610–1071
228:Under Theophilos, he was appointed commander (
396:, he returned victorious with many captives.
8:
752:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
860:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
344:
159:, but was sidelined along with his brother
47:
36:
669:
645:
621:
597:
585:
561:
845:9th-century Byzantine military personnel
707:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
282:
684:
657:
633:
609:
573:
516:
481:
343:. Bardas was now raised to the rank of
250:, and raised to the high court rank of
123:; died November 11, 865) was a notable
701:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald (1987).
368:. On his first campaign, against the
7:
167:, when power was held by the regent
131:and hence brother-in-law of Emperor
880:Burials at the Monastery of Gastria
163:during the minority of his nephew,
30:For the Malaysian oil company, see
728:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
450:(commander-in-chief of the army).
25:
885:Governors of the Thracesian Theme
780:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
262:carried out the execution of the
207:, and was the younger brother of
143:and the post of commander of the
549:
537:
413:
434:, where he was honored with a
1:
440:
358:
318:
264:
252:
244:
236:
230:
197:
177:
145:
137:
103:Arab–Byzantine frontier wars
380:and the Paulician lands to
901:
119:
29:
757:Stanford University Press
463:Saint Anthony the Younger
195:Petronas was born to the
46:
870:Domestics of the Schools
755:. Stanford, California:
448:Domestic of the Schools
234:of the guard regiment (
185:Domestic of the Schools
93:Domestic of the Schools
404:
345:
293:
222:Theophanes Continuatus
215:, the wife of Emperor
18:Petronas the Patrician
799:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
402:
333:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
306:iconoclastic policies
286:
81:Years of service
446:and the position of
314:Triumph of Orthodoxy
840:Byzantine officials
648:, pp. 450–451.
636:, pp. 160–161.
600:, pp. 447–450.
588:, pp. 446–447.
576:, pp. 154–155.
455:Arab–Byzantine wars
835:Byzantine generals
723:Kazhdan, Alexander
469:, where his stone
436:triumphal entrance
428:Battle of Lalakaon
405:
312:in the so-called "
302:Sergios Niketiates
294:
187:, he died in 865.
183:and the office of
173:Battle of Lalakaon
816:978-3-11-016673-6
790:978-0-520-20496-6
747:Treadgold, Warren
502:Lilie et al. 2000
467:Gastria Monastery
390:Upper Mesopotamia
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
892:
865:Phrygian dynasty
820:
794:
770:
742:
718:
688:
682:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
520:
514:
505:
499:
445:
417:
415:
394:Muslim conquests
366:Thracesian Theme
364:of the powerful
363:
350:
337:Eudokia Ingerina
323:
290:Madrid Skylitzes
267:
257:
249:
241:
233:
202:
182:
150:
142:
122:
121:
75:Byzantine Empire
55:Madrid Skylitzes
51:
37:
21:
900:
899:
895:
894:
893:
891:
890:
889:
825:
824:
823:
817:
797:
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773:
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745:
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584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
523:
515:
508:
500:
483:
479:
416: 830s–863
412:
326:Cretan Saracens
193:
58:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
898:
896:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
827:
826:
822:
821:
815:
795:
789:
771:
765:
743:
737:
725:, ed. (1991).
719:
713:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:
687:, p. 311.
674:
672:, p. 453.
670:Treadgold 1997
662:
660:, p. 162.
650:
646:Treadgold 1997
638:
626:
624:, p. 450.
622:Treadgold 1997
614:
612:, p. 160.
602:
598:Treadgold 1997
590:
586:Treadgold 1997
578:
566:
564:, p. 446.
562:Treadgold 1997
554:
542:
521:
519:, p. 154.
506:
504:, p. 564.
480:
478:
475:
432:Constantinople
192:
189:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
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59:
52:
44:
43:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
897:
886:
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781:
776:
775:Whittow, Mark
772:
768:
766:0-8047-2630-2
762:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
740:
738:0-19-504652-8
734:
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729:
724:
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714:0-8020-6667-4
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50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
806:
779:
751:
726:
703:
685:Whittow 1996
665:
658:Jenkins 1987
653:
641:
634:Jenkins 1987
629:
617:
610:Jenkins 1987
605:
593:
581:
574:Whittow 1996
569:
557:
545:
517:Whittow 1996
452:
409:Umar al-Aqta
406:
330:
295:
288:
231:droungarios'
227:
220:
211:and Empress
203:Marinos and
194:
110:
109:
99:Battles/wars
471:sarcophagus
459:hagiography
298:Michael III
271:, a former
260:Theoktistos
199:droungarios
169:Theoktistos
165:Michael III
850:865 deaths
829:Categories
803:"Petronas"
477:References
370:Paulicians
320:logothetes
273:Khurramite
269:Theophobos
217:Theophilos
205:Theoktiste
157:Iconoclasm
133:Theophilos
71:Allegiance
875:Magistroi
442:magistros
422:coast at
420:Black Sea
360:strategos
341:monastery
265:patrikios
254:patrikios
242:) of the
191:Biography
179:magistros
139:patrikios
125:Byzantine
855:Patricii
777:(1996).
749:(1997).
382:Samosata
378:Melitene
374:Tephrike
213:Theodora
129:Theodora
120:Πετρωνᾶς
111:Petronas
84:830s–865
41:Petronas
32:Petronas
694:Sources
813:
787:
763:
735:
711:
424:Amisos
347:Caesar
310:images
277:Sinope
209:Bardas
161:Bardas
153:ending
386:Amida
354:Arabs
246:Vigla
238:tagma
147:Vigla
115:Greek
811:ISBN
785:ISBN
761:ISBN
733:ISBN
709:ISBN
384:and
89:Rank
63:Died
550:ODB
538:ODB
388:in
372:of
155:of
66:865
831::
805:.
759:.
677:^
524:^
509:^
484:^
414:r.
225:.
117::
819:.
793:.
769:.
741:.
717:.
411:(
113:(
57:.
34:.
20:)
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