842:
5023:
120:
1774:
644:"Explications of the concept of music usually begin with the idea that music is organized sound. They go on to note that this characterization is too broad, since there are many examples of organized sound that are not music, such as human speech, and the sounds non-human animals and machines make." There are many different ways of denoting the fundamental
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where he noted that music seems to reach to the very core of what it means to be human: "There are cultures in the world where to say 'I'm not musical' would be meaningless," Ball writes, "akin to saying 'I'm not alive'." In a filmed debate, Ball suggests that music might get its emotive power
869:
In the pre-modern tradition, the aesthetics of music or musical aesthetics explored the mathematical and cosmological dimensions of rhythmic and harmonic organization. In the eighteenth century, focus shifted to the experience of hearing music, and thus to questions about its beauty and human
763:. Wagner's works were chiefly programmatic and often used vocalization, and he said that "Where music can go no further, there comes the word… the word stands higher than the tone." Nietzsche wrote many commentaries applauding the music of Wagner and was also an amateur composer himself.
691:
may consist of recordings of wildlife or nature. The arrival of these avant-garde forms of music in the 20th century have been a major challenge to traditional views of music as being based around melodies and rhythms, leading to calls for broader characterizations.
2613:
894:, meaning sensory perception, received its present-day connotation. In recent decades philosophers have tended to emphasize issues besides beauty and enjoyment. For example, music's capacity to express emotion has been a central issue.
770:
saw music not only as a subjective human "language" but as an absolute transcendent means of peering into a higher realm of order and beauty. Some expressed a spiritual connection with music. In Part IV of his chief work,
751:, in which the fourth movement is the composer's depiction of a story about an artist who poisons himself with opium and then is executed. The majority of opposition to absolute instrumental-based music came from composer
781:
said that "music is the answer to the mystery of life. The most profound of all the arts, it expresses the deepest thoughts of life." In "The
Immediate Stages of the Erotic, or Musical Erotic", a chapter of
1278:. "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is acknowledged as one of the supreme masterpieces of the Western tradition. More than any other musical work it has become an international symbol of unity and affirmation."
968:
There has been a strong tendency in the aesthetics of music to emphasize the paramount importance of compositional structure; however, other issues concerning the aesthetics of music include
818:
dubbed music "auditory cheesecake", a phrase that in the years since has served as a challenge to the musicologists and psychologists who believe otherwise. Among those to note this stir was
841:
2663:
68:
What is the connection between music and emotions? (in the 19th century a debate began over whether purely instrumental music could convey emotions and depict imaginary scenes)
714:" perspective argued that instrumental music does not convey emotions or images to the listener, but claimed that music is not explicitly "about" anything and that it is non-
182:
144:
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620:
3807:
2964:
1449:, selected, with introduction, commentary, and notes by Richard Leppert; new translations by Susan H. Gillespie. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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that music has a direct effect on the soul. Therefore, he proposes that in the ideal regime music would be closely regulated by the state (Book VII).
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through its ability to mimic people and perhaps its ability to entice us lies in music's ability to set up an expectation and then violate it.
1756:
1564:
1499:
1307:
710:
There was intense debate over "absolute music" vs. "program music" during the late romantic era in the late 19th century. Advocates of the "
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1814:
1795:
49:
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1513:
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917:, and other non-philosophers have contributed to the aesthetics of music. In the 19th century, a significant debate arose between
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37:. The expression was born in the 19th century and has been used especially as the name of a discipline since the 1980s.
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1537:, translated by Peter Palmer, with an introduction by David Drew. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
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3019:
2029:
1299:
1270:
Nicholas Cook, Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 (Cambridge Music
Handbooks), Cambridge University Press (24 June 1993).
334:
29:
and our experience of it". The philosophical study of music has many connections with philosophical questions in
2307:
5435:
5349:
5316:
5161:
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3296:
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2683:
2467:
1868:
211:
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1652:
Goehr, Lydia. 'The
Imaginary Museum of Musical Works. An Essay in the Philosophy of Music' Oxford, 1992/2007.
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233:
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3643:
3481:
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3024:
2673:
2623:
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1948:
1426:, edited and with an introduction by J. M. Bernstein. Routledge Classics. London and New York: Routledge.
718:. The idea of absolute music developed at the end of the 18th century in the writings of authors of early
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243:
223:
159:
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2009:
1943:
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897:
Aesthetics is a sub-discipline of philosophy. In the 20th century, important contributions were made by
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2541:
2514:
2417:
2197:
1938:
789:
525:
406:
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273:
5211:
1824:
741:" perspective believed that music could convey emotions and images. One example of program music is
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5370:
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4878:
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4772:
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1979:
1933:
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1861:
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45:
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4855:
4830:
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4777:
4764:
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1994:
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719:
510:
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376:
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346:
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290:
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1388:, edited by Rolf Tiedemann; translated by Edmund Jephcott. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
687:
often consists only of sound samples of non-musical nature, sometimes in random juxtaposition.
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5014:
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2014:
1989:
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366:
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228:
138:
1479:, edited by Rolf Tiedemann; translated by Wieland Hoban. London and New York: Seagull Books.
5605:
5548:
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5483:
5468:
5141:
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3713:
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3191:
3153:
2912:
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2282:
2232:
2177:
2092:
2024:
1748:
1508:, selected, edited, and introduced by Bea Friedland. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1089:
1067:
1062:
938:
902:
411:
327:
3812:
1107:
The
Expression »Philosophy of Music«. A Brief History and Some Philosophical Considerations
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4015:
3990:
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3628:
3623:
3540:
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3198:
3082:
2167:
2107:
1984:
1828:
1809:
1790:
962:
918:
914:
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645:
421:
5528:
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5344:
5276:
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5126:
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4409:
4341:
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3797:
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3334:
3014:
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2753:
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2360:
2312:
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2157:
2137:
2072:
1730:
993:
958:
946:
922:
752:
711:
701:
505:
88:
1574:. International Library of Philosophy. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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5588:
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5415:
5400:
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3181:
3163:
2783:
2573:
2432:
2355:
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2212:
2192:
2052:
2004:
1291:
942:
906:
887:
862:
815:
738:
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688:
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62:
3743:
5619:
5573:
5553:
5523:
5375:
5301:
5286:
4667:
4657:
4616:
4596:
4368:
4331:
4290:
4176:
4126:
3787:
3765:
3690:
3658:
3530:
3390:
3301:
3097:
2860:
2387:
2252:
2132:
2112:
1964:
1040:
954:
950:
930:
926:
798:
727:
457:
401:
84:
80:
1464:, translated by Robert Hullot-Kentor. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2614:
A Philosophical
Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
1742:
5578:
5508:
4662:
4601:
4473:
4453:
4358:
4295:
4255:
4235:
4161:
4131:
3792:
3728:
3420:
3405:
3281:
3271:
3220:
3186:
3125:
2556:
2509:
2365:
2317:
2277:
2227:
2019:
1357:, translated by Rodney Livingstone. Verso Classics. London and New York: Verso.
1166:
819:
680:
472:
119:
76:
30:
5563:
5513:
5473:
5410:
4508:
4336:
4285:
4275:
4146:
4050:
3995:
3802:
3782:
3648:
3415:
3329:
3158:
3105:
3069:
2973:
2902:
2526:
2504:
2397:
2182:
2142:
2102:
1969:
1884:
1030:
1012:
898:
878:
660:(pitches regarded as groups—not necessarily sounding at the same time—to form
480:
111:
34:
20:
4523:
4518:
4378:
4305:
4240:
4111:
4045:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3817:
3613:
3173:
3135:
2437:
2407:
2202:
2147:
2067:
1999:
1786:
1704:, translated, with commentary, by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books.
1008:
989:
977:
934:
882:) of music. The origin of this philosophic shift is sometimes attributed to
854:
784:
3748:
1640:
Philosophical
Considerations on Contemporary Music: Sounding Constellations
1773:
1664:
Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the
Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art
4353:
4260:
4225:
4183:
4171:
3959:
3753:
3653:
3596:
3400:
3354:
3238:
2738:
2472:
2422:
2402:
2267:
1506:
Critical
Questions on Music and Letters, Culture and Biography, 1940–1980
1403:, translated by Rodney Livingstone. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1004:
515:
1327:, translated by E.B. Ashton. A Continuum Book. New York: Seabury Press.
1106:
1015:; it can assuage our loneliness or incite our passions. The philosopher
5385:
5156:
3980:
3954:
3949:
3891:
3886:
3718:
3606:
3601:
3560:
3382:
3228:
3110:
2551:
2499:
2457:
2442:
2412:
1974:
981:
973:
872:
742:
657:
92:
1249:
766:
Other
Romantic philosophers and proponents of absolute music, such as
5324:
4245:
4166:
3896:
3555:
3545:
3243:
3145:
2484:
2462:
2392:
2370:
969:
673:
665:
649:
462:
25:
is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature and value of
1602:
Boethius, the
Consolations of Music, Logic, Theology, and Philosophy
1528:
Aesthetic Inquiry: Essays on Art Criticism and the Philosophy of Art
5038:
5236:
4061:
3723:
3009:
2257:
1016:
840:
467:
26:
2478:
2452:
1842:
1717:
Thinking about Music: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Music
5042:
4704:
3446:
2984:
2946:
2833:
2829:
1857:
3906:
2447:
1604:. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press.
648:
which are more specific than "sound": popular aspects include
2942:
1853:
1526:
Beardsley, Monroe C., and Herbert M. Schueller (eds.). 1967.
1111:
International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music
1003:
It is often thought that music has the ability to affect our
1806:"History of Western Philosophy of Music: Antiquity to 1800"
1386:
Beethoven: The Philosophy of Music: Fragments and Texts
1666:, third edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1649:. London / Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
1593:
Budd, Malcolm. "Music and the Expression of Emotion",
2664:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
1424:
The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture
40:
Some basic questions in the philosophy of music are:
1825:"History of Western Philosophy of Music: since 1800"
1084:
1082:
75:
Contributions to music philosophy have been made by
58:
What is the relationship between music and language?
5597:
5459:
5363:
5315:
5117:
5076:
4954:
4854:
4816:
4763:
4730:
4721:
4650:
4562:
4400:
4391:
4324:
4098:
4076:
4031:
3973:
3925:
3879:
3870:
3833:
3704:
3569:
3516:
3507:
3457:
3381:
3353:
3310:
3262:
3219:
3172:
3144:
3096:
3068:
2995:
2716:
2565:
2338:
2045:
1957:
1891:
1521:
Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism
1572:Music and the Emotions: The Philosophical Theories
1843:Analytic Perspectives in the Philosophy of Musice
1096:, Spring 2014 edition, edited by Edward N. Zalta.
1625:Music as Heard: A Study in Applied Phenomenology
1597:, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Autumn, 1989), pp. 19–29.
1559:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
921:, a music critic and musicologist, and composer
55:What is the relationship between music and mind?
861:has been called the supreme masterpiece of the
1719:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
755:(notable for his operas) and the philosophers
5054:
2958:
2845:
1869:
1113:, vol. 52, nº 2 (December 2021), pp. 203-220.
614:
8:
2594:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
1702:The Birth of Tragedy, and The Case of Wagner
849:is not only the main large ensemble used in
1642:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1342:, translated by Rodney Livingstone. : NLB.
5061:
5047:
5039:
4727:
4718:
4701:
4397:
4104:
3876:
3513:
3454:
3443:
2992:
2981:
2965:
2951:
2943:
2852:
2838:
2830:
1876:
1862:
1854:
1355:Quasi una Fantasia: Essays on Modern Music
1151:. University of Chicago Press. p. 18.
1121:
1119:
890:. Through their writing, the ancient term
621:
607:
188:
102:
1681:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
5297:Temporal dynamics of music and language
1744:Philosophies of Music in Medieval Islam
1679:A History of Western Musical Aesthetics
1657:Introduction to the Philosophy of Music
1094:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1078:
937:, have studied and tried to popularize
386:
253:
191:
110:
1557:Absolute Music: The History of an Idea
1477:Night Music: Essays on Music 1928–1962
1325:Introduction to the Sociology of Music
1187:
1127:New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
1530:. Belmont, Calif.: Dickenson Pub. Co.
71:What is meaning in relation to music?
7:
1700:Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. 1967.
1627:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
792:examines the profundity of music of
774:The World as Will and Representation
52:for classifying something as music?)
1848:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1834:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1815:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1796:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1228:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
945:. Also, many modern composers like
676:(also known as a sound's "color").
50:necessary and sufficient conditions
14:
5242:Music in psychological operations
1535:Essays on the Philosophy of Music
886:in the 18th century, followed by
588:Social and political philosophers
5187:Generative theory of tonal music
5022:
5021:
5008:
2812:
1772:
1737:, Oxford University Press, 1997.
1492:La durata infinita del non suono
1252:. The Institute of Art and Ideas
1047:
1033:
132:
118:
5197:Hedonic music consumption model
5094:Cognitive neuroscience of music
696:Absolute music vs program music
1595:Journal of Aesthetic Education
1:
5634:Psychology of Music (journal)
5177:Eye movement in music reading
1200:Bennett, Drake (2006-09-03).
761:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
683:may consist mainly of noise.
65:reveal to us about the world?
5202:Illusory continuity of tones
4494:Ordinary language philosophy
2724:Aestheticization of politics
1715:Rowell, Lewis Eugene. 1983.
1523:. New York, Harcourt, Brace.
1202:"Survival of the harmonious"
724:Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder
5648:This Is Your Brain on Music
5627:Music, Thought, and Feeling
5613:Musicae Scientiae (journal)
4544:Contemporary utilitarianism
4459:Internalism and externalism
1659:, Hackett Publishing, 1989.
1519:Beardsley, Monroe C. 1958.
941:and the usage of alternate
913:. However, many musicians,
656:that occur consecutively),
5691:
5421:Neuronal encoding of sound
5391:Melodic intonation therapy
5099:Culture in music cognition
3808:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1300:W. W. Norton & Company
1149:The Idea of Absolute Music
853:; one work for orchestra,
834:
796:and the sensual nature of
699:
637:
5147:Consonance and dissonance
5002:
4717:
4700:
4107:
3453:
3442:
3030:Philosophy of mathematics
3020:Philosophy of information
2991:
2980:
2931:
2867:
2792:
1787:"The Philosophy of Music"
1677:Lippman, Edward A. 1992.
1662:Langer, Susanne K. 1957.
1475:Adorno, Theodor W. 2009.
1460:Adorno, Theodor W. 2006.
1445:Adorno, Theodor W. 2002.
1422:Adorno, Theodor W. 2001.
1399:Adorno, Theodor W. 1999.
1384:Adorno, Theodor W. 1998.
1353:Adorno, Theodor W. 1992.
1338:Adorno, Theodor W. 1981.
1323:Adorno, Theodor W. 1976.
957:paid much attention to a
335:Middle Eastern philosophy
5436:Psychoanalysis and music
5416:Neurologic music therapy
5350:Music-specific disorders
5162:Embodied music cognition
5152:Deutsch's scale illusion
1741:Shehadi, Fadlou (1995).
1555:Bonds, Mark Evan. 2014.
5292:Speech-to-song illusion
5104:Evolutionary musicology
4499:Postanalytic philosophy
4440:Experimental philosophy
2934:List of music theorists
2744:Evolutionary aesthetics
2694:The Aesthetic Dimension
1735:The Aesthetics of Music
1645:Deleuze, Gilles. 1980.
1638:Fronzi, Giacomo. 2017.
1623:Clifton, Thomas. 1983.
1600:Chadwick, Henry. 1981.
1504:Barzun, Jacques. 1982.
1494:, Mimesis, Milan 2013.
1462:Philosophy of New Music
1147:Dahlhaus, Carl (1991).
1090:The Philosophy of Music
794:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
5641:The World in Six Songs
5584:William Forde Thompson
5340:Musical hallucinations
4632:Social constructionism
3644:Hellenistic philosophy
3060:Theoretical philosophy
3035:Philosophy of religion
3025:Philosophy of language
2674:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
2624:Lectures on Aesthetics
1125:M. C. Horowitz (ed.),
866:
558:Aesthetic philosophers
5446:Systematic musicology
5015:Philosophy portal
4534:Scientific skepticism
4514:Reformed epistemology
3040:Philosophy of science
2819:Philosophy portal
1570:Budd, Malcolm. 1985.
1222:Ball, Philip (2012).
1163:"Nietzsche and Music"
1105:Daniel Martín Sáez, "
844:
748:Symphonie fantastique
139:Philosophy portal
5252:Music-related memory
5089:Cognitive musicology
4435:Critical rationalism
4142:Edo neo-Confucianism
3986:Acintya bheda abheda
3965:Renaissance humanism
3676:School of the Sextii
3050:Practical philosophy
3045:Political philosophy
2764:Philosophy of design
2644:In Praise of Shadows
2634:The Critic as Artist
1781:at Wikimedia Commons
1533:Bloch, Ernst. 1985.
1490:Arena, Leonardo V.,
583:Philosophers of mind
99:Philosophical issues
16:Branch of philosophy
5670:Philosophy of music
5539:Max Friedrich Meyer
5431:Philosophy of music
5426:Performance science
5371:Aesthetics of music
5345:Musician's dystonia
5330:Auditory arrhythmia
5217:Melodic expectation
4006:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3917:Korean Confucianism
3664:Academic Skepticism
2774:Philosophy of music
2749:Mathematical beauty
1779:Philosophy of music
1647:A Thousand Plateaus
1340:In Search of Wagner
998:musical development
992:, playfulness, and
837:Aesthetics of music
831:Aesthetics of music
806:Meaning and purpose
779:Arthur Schopenhauer
757:Friedrich Nietzsche
640:Definition of music
634:Definition of music
593:Women in philosophy
323:Indigenous American
106:Part of a series on
46:definition of music
5675:Applied aesthetics
5598:Books and journals
5519:Carol L. Krumhansl
5237:Music and movement
5192:Glissando illusion
5172:Exercise and music
4627:Post-structuralism
4529:Scientific realism
4484:Quinean naturalism
4464:Logical positivism
4420:Analytical Marxism
3639:Peripatetic school
3551:Chinese naturalism
3078:Aesthetic response
3005:Applied philosophy
2769:Philosophy of film
2759:Patterns in nature
2729:Applied aesthetics
2704:Why Beauty Matters
2490:Life imitating art
2351:Art for art's sake
1296:How the Mind Works
1225:The Music Instinct
1204:. The Boston Globe
867:
847:symphony orchestra
824:The Music Instinct
812:How the Mind Works
737:Adherents of the "
720:German Romanticism
286:Eastern philosophy
5657:
5656:
5406:Musical acoustics
5282:Sharawadji effect
5262:Musical semantics
5232:Music and emotion
5132:Auditory illusion
5036:
5035:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4415:Analytic feminism
4387:
4386:
4349:Kierkegaardianism
4311:Transcendentalism
4271:Neo-scholasticism
4117:Classical Realism
4094:
4093:
3866:
3865:
3681:Neopythagoreanism
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3055:Social philosophy
2940:
2939:
2827:
2826:
2779:Psychology of art
2654:Art as Experience
1777:Media related to
1758:978-90-04-24721-5
1565:978-0-19-934363-8
1500:978-88-575-1138-2
1309:978-0-393-04535-2
1250:"Music's Mystery"
1055:Philosophy portal
986:temporal dynamics
810:In his 1997 book
790:Søren Kierkegaard
768:Johann von Goethe
732:E. T. A. Hoffmann
631:
630:
439:
438:
5682:
5606:Music Perception
5549:Richard Parncutt
5534:Leonard B. Meyer
5484:Jane W. Davidson
5469:Jamshed Bharucha
5247:Music preference
5142:Background music
5137:Auditory imagery
5070:Music psychology
5063:
5056:
5049:
5040:
5025:
5024:
5013:
5012:
5011:
4728:
4719:
4702:
4592:Frankfurt School
4539:Transactionalism
4489:Normative ethics
4469:Legal positivism
4445:Falsificationism
4430:Consequentialism
4425:Communitarianism
4398:
4266:New Confucianism
4105:
3912:Neo-Confucianism
3877:
3686:Second Sophistic
3671:Middle Platonism
3514:
3455:
3444:
3287:Epiphenomenalism
3154:Consequentialism
3088:Institutionalism
2993:
2982:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2944:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1841:Matteo Ravasio,
1838:
1829:Zalta, Edward N.
1823:Matteo Ravasio.
1819:
1810:Zalta, Edward N.
1804:Matteo Ravasio.
1800:
1791:Zalta, Edward N.
1776:
1762:
1749:Brill Publishers
1313:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1165:. Archived from
1159:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1123:
1114:
1103:
1097:
1086:
1068:Sonic philosophy
1063:Music psychology
1057:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1019:suggests in the
959:system of tuning
939:microtonal music
903:Jerrold Levinson
716:representational
685:Musique concrète
646:aspects of music
623:
616:
609:
328:Aztec philosophy
207:Ancient Egyptian
189:
141:
137:
136:
135:
122:
103:
48:? (what are the
5690:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5593:
5479:Robert Cutietta
5455:
5441:Sociomusicology
5396:Music education
5381:Ethnomusicology
5359:
5311:
5307:Tritone paradox
5272:Octave illusion
5257:Musical gesture
5222:Melodic fission
5212:Lipps–Meyer law
5182:Franssen effect
5113:
5109:Psychoacoustics
5072:
5067:
5037:
5032:
5009:
5007:
4986:
4950:
4850:
4812:
4759:
4713:
4712:
4684:
4673:Russian cosmism
4646:
4642:Western Marxism
4607:New Historicism
4572:Critical theory
4558:
4554:Wittgensteinian
4450:Foundationalism
4383:
4320:
4301:Social contract
4157:Foundationalism
4090:
4072:
4056:Illuminationism
4041:Aristotelianism
4027:
4016:Vishishtadvaita
3969:
3921:
3862:
3829:
3700:
3629:Megarian school
3624:Eretrian school
3565:
3526:Agriculturalism
3503:
3449:
3430:
3377:
3349:
3306:
3258:
3215:
3199:Incompatibilism
3168:
3140:
3092:
3064:
2987:
2976:
2971:
2941:
2936:
2927:
2894:
2863:
2858:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2788:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2684:Critical Essays
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2561:
2334:
2248:Ortega y Gasset
2041:
1953:
1887:
1882:
1822:
1803:
1784:
1769:
1759:
1740:
1447:Essays on Music
1320:
1318:Further reading
1310:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1169:on 17 July 2011
1161:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1124:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1088:Andrew Kania, "
1087:
1080:
1076:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1029:
963:just intonation
929:and some other
919:Eduard Hanslick
851:classical music
839:
833:
808:
708:
700:Main articles:
698:
642:
636:
627:
598:
597:
563:Epistemologists
553:
552:
541:
540:
477:
453:
452:
441:
440:
186:
185:
174:
133:
131:
130:
101:
89:music theorists
17:
12:
11:
5:
5688:
5686:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Daniel Levitin
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5504:Henkjan Honing
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5364:Related fields
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5277:Relative pitch
5274:
5269:
5267:Musical syntax
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5207:Levitin effect
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:Absolute pitch
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5018:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4818:Middle Eastern
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:Existentialism
4579:
4577:Deconstruction
4574:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Applied ethics
4406:
4404:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4374:Nietzscheanism
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4316:Utilitarianism
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:Transcendental
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:Existentialism
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:Augustinianism
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3853:Zoroastrianism
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3696:Church Fathers
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3211:Libertarianism
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3015:Metaphilosophy
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Neuroesthetics
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Arts criticism
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2604:On the Sublime
2600:
2590:
2580:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2468:Interpretation
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2361:Artistic merit
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2032:
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2017:
2012:
2010:Psychoanalysis
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
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1785:Andrew Kania.
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1767:External links
1765:
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1731:Scruton, Roger
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1190:, p. 524.
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947:La Monte Young
943:musical scales
923:Richard Wagner
911:Stephen Davies
859:Ninth Symphony
835:Main article:
832:
829:
807:
804:
753:Richard Wagner
712:absolute music
702:Absolute music
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638:Main article:
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5589:Sandra Trehub
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5569:Roger Shepard
5567:
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5559:Carl Seashore
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5544:James Mursell
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5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5499:Tuomas Eerola
5497:
5495:
5494:Diana Deutsch
5492:
5490:
5489:Irène Deliège
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5451:Zoomusicology
5449:
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5444:
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5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
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5412:
5409:
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5402:
5401:Music therapy
5399:
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5384:
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5355:Tone deafness
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5227:Mozart effect
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5084:Biomusicology
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4955:Miscellaneous
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4651:Miscellaneous
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4479:Moral realism
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4281:Phenomenology
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4086:Judeo-Islamic
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4062:ʿIlm al-Kalām
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4017:
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4011:Shuddhadvaita
4009:
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3999:
3997:
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3989:
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3945:Scholasticism
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3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3452:
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3441:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Conceptualism
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Particularism
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:Functionalism
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Eliminativism
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Compatibilism
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Particularism
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
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3079:
3076:
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3071:
3067:
3061:
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3033:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
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3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
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2998:
2994:
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2979:
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2963:
2961:
2956:
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2948:
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2914:
2911:
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2896:
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2878:
2875:
2873:
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2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
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2832:
2820:
2810:
2808:
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2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2784:Theory of art
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
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2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
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2725:
2722:
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2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2691:
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2661:
2656:
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2646:
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2641:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:Hippias Major
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
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2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
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2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Entertainment
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
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2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:Art manifesto
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Appropriation
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2326:
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2321:
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2316:
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2256:
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2239:
2238:Merleau-Ponty
2236:
2234:
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2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
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2211:
2209:
2206:
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2201:
2199:
2196:
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2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
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2121:
2119:
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2114:
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2109:
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2096:
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2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
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948:
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936:
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916:
915:music critics
912:
908:
907:Roger Scruton
904:
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895:
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863:Western canon
860:
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816:Steven Pinker
813:
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706:Program music
703:
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689:Ambient music
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521:Phenomenology
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63:music history
60:
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43:
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41:
38:
36:
32:
28:
24:
22:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5620:Musicophilia
5618:
5611:
5604:
5574:John Sloboda
5554:Oliver Sacks
5524:Fred Lerdahl
5430:
5376:Bioacoustics
5302:Tonal memory
5287:Shepard tone
5020:
5006:
4677:
4668:Postcritique
4658:Kyoto School
4617:Posthumanism
4597:Hermeneutics
4452: /
4393:Contemporary
4369:Newtonianism
4332:Cartesianism
4291:Reductionism
4127:Conservatism
4122:Collectivism
4060:
3788:Sarvāstivadā
3766:Anekantavada
3691:Neoplatonism
3659:Epicureanism
3592:Pythagoreans
3531:Confucianism
3497:Contemporary
3487:Early modern
3391:Anti-realism
3345:Universalism
3302:Subjectivism
3098:Epistemology
2907:
2861:Music theory
2773:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2652:
2642:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2519:
2495:Magnificence
2477:
2327:
2293:Schopenhauer
2128:Coomaraswamy
2046:Philosophers
2034:
1965:Aestheticism
1846:
1832:
1813:
1794:
1743:
1734:
1716:
1701:
1678:
1663:
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1446:
1423:
1400:
1385:
1354:
1339:
1324:
1298:. New York:
1295:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1224:
1217:
1206:. Retrieved
1195:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1157:
1148:
1142:
1126:
1110:
1101:
1093:
1041:Music portal
1020:
1002:
967:
955:Glenn Branca
951:Rhys Chatham
927:Harry Partch
896:
891:
877:
871:
868:
823:
822:in his book
811:
809:
799:Don Giovanni
797:
783:
772:
765:
746:
736:
728:Ludwig Tieck
709:
678:
643:
550:Philosophers
458:Epistemology
279:South Africa
234:Contemporary
183:Philosophies
77:philosophers
74:
44:What is the
39:
19:
18:
5579:Carl Stumpf
5509:David Huron
5461:Researchers
5167:Entrainment
4663:Objectivism
4602:Neo-Marxism
4564:Continental
4474:Meta-ethics
4454:Coherentism
4359:Hegelianism
4296:Rationalism
4256:Natural law
4236:Materialism
4162:Historicism
4132:Determinism
4023:Navya-Nyāya
3798:Sautrāntika
3793:Pudgalavada
3729:Vaisheshika
3582:Presocratic
3482:Renaissance
3421:Physicalism
3406:Materialism
3312:Normativity
3297:Objectivism
3282:Emergentism
3272:Behaviorism
3221:Metaphysics
3187:Determinism
3126:Rationalism
2898:Mathematics
2887:Composition
2588:(c. 335 BC)
2578:(c. 390 BC)
2557:Work of art
2510:Picturesque
2366:Avant-garde
2323:Winckelmann
2198:Kierkegaard
2123:Collingwood
2093:Baudrillard
2020:Romanticism
1990:Historicism
1924:Mathematics
1256:19 November
1188:Pinker 1997
982:emotiveness
870:enjoyment (
820:Philip Ball
681:noise music
473:Metaphysics
388:By religion
244:Continental
224:Renaissance
31:metaphysics
5664:Categories
5564:Max Schoen
5514:Nina Kraus
5474:Lola Cuddy
5411:Musicology
4962:Amerindian
4869:Australian
4808:Vietnamese
4788:Indonesian
4337:Kantianism
4286:Positivism
4276:Pragmatism
4251:Naturalism
4231:Liberalism
4209:Subjective
4147:Empiricism
4051:Avicennism
3996:Bhedabheda
3880:East Asian
3803:Madhyamaka
3783:Abhidharma
3649:Pyrrhonism
3416:Nominalism
3411:Naturalism
3340:Skepticism
3330:Relativism
3320:Absolutism
3249:Naturalism
3159:Deontology
3131:Skepticism
3116:Naturalism
3106:Empiricism
3070:Aesthetics
2974:Philosophy
2918:Set theory
2913:Psychology
2908:Philosophy
2903:Musicology
2892:Definition
2872:Aesthetics
2527:Recreation
2505:Perception
2398:Creativity
2098:Baumgarten
2088:Baudelaire
1970:Classicism
1885:Aesthetics
1747:. Leiden:
1725:0870233866
1710:0394703693
1695:0803279515
1687:0803228635
1672:0674665031
1633:0300020910
1618:0198265492
1610:019826447X
1588:0415087791
1580:0710205201
1550:0521312132
1543:0521248736
1485:1906497214
1470:0816636664
1455:0520231597
1440:0415253802
1432:0415255341
1417:0804735581
1409:0804735573
1394:0804735158
1379:1859841597
1371:0860916138
1363:0860913600
1348:0860910377
1333:0816492662
1285:References
1235:0199896429
1208:2008-03-15
1013:psychology
996:(see also
933:, such as
899:Peter Kivy
892:aesthetics
884:Baumgarten
879:jouissance
722:, such as
481:Aesthetics
170:Categories
112:Philosophy
61:What does
35:aesthetics
21:Philosophy
5317:Disorders
4841:Pakistani
4803:Taiwanese
4750:Ethiopian
4723:By region
4709:By region
4524:Scientism
4519:Systemics
4379:Spinozism
4306:Socialism
4241:Modernism
4204:Objective
4112:Anarchism
4046:Averroism
3935:Christian
3887:Neotaoism
3858:Zurvanism
3848:Mithraism
3843:Mazdakism
3614:Cyrenaics
3541:Logicians
3174:Free will
3136:Solipsism
3083:Formalism
2532:Reverence
2438:Eroticism
2408:Depiction
2381:Masculine
2283:Santayana
2243:Nietzsche
2188:Hutcheson
2178:Heidegger
2163:Greenberg
2118:Coleridge
2083:Balthasar
2068:Aristotle
2030:Theosophy
2025:Symbolism
2000:Modernism
1985:Formalism
1689:(cloth);
1655:Kivy, P.
1612:(cloth);
1582:(cloth);
1434:(cloth);
1411:(cloth);
1365:(cloth);
1009:intellect
990:resonance
978:hypnotism
935:Kyle Gann
855:Beethoven
785:Either/Or
679:However,
573:Logicians
568:Ethicists
526:Political
486:Education
407:Christian
402:Confucian
301:Indonesia
255:By region
193:By period
5027:Category
4982:Yugoslav
4972:Romanian
4879:Scottish
4864:American
4793:Japanese
4773:Buddhist
4755:Africana
4745:Egyptian
4587:Feminist
4509:Rawlsian
4504:Quietism
4402:Analytic
4354:Krausism
4261:Nihilism
4226:Kokugaku
4189:Absolute
4184:Idealism
4172:Humanism
3960:Occamism
3927:European
3872:Medieval
3818:Yogacara
3778:Buddhist
3771:Syādvāda
3654:Stoicism
3619:Cynicism
3607:Sophists
3602:Atomists
3597:Eleatics
3536:Legalism
3477:Medieval
3401:Idealism
3355:Ontology
3335:Nihilism
3239:Idealism
2997:Branches
2986:Branches
2877:Analysis
2807:Category
2739:Axiology
2608:(c. 500)
2598:(c. 100)
2473:Judgment
2428:Emotions
2423:Elegance
2403:Cuteness
2376:Feminine
2339:Concepts
2308:Tanizaki
2288:Schiller
2273:Richards
2263:Rancière
2233:Maritain
2168:Hanslick
2108:Benjamin
1980:Feminism
1949:Theology
1929:Medieval
1919:Japanese
1914:Internet
1294:(1997).
1027:See also
1021:Republic
1005:emotions
970:lyricism
788:(1843),
777:(1819),
531:Religion
516:Ontology
496:Language
450:Branches
397:Buddhist
352:American
274:Ethiopia
239:Analytic
219:Medieval
160:Glossary
145:Contents
93:scholars
23:of music
5386:Hearing
5157:Earworm
4977:Russian
4946:Spanish
4941:Slovene
4931:Maltese
4926:Italian
4906:Finland
4874:British
4856:Western
4846:Turkish
4831:Islamic
4826:Iranian
4778:Chinese
4765:Eastern
4732:African
4679:more...
4364:Marxism
4194:British
4137:Dualism
4033:Islamic
3991:Advaita
3981:Vedanta
3955:Scotism
3950:Thomism
3892:Tiantai
3835:Persian
3823:Tibetan
3813:Śūnyatā
3754:Cārvāka
3744:Ājīvika
3739:Mīmāṃsā
3719:Samkhya
3634:Academy
3587:Ionians
3561:Yangism
3518:Chinese
3509:Ancient
3472:Western
3467:Ancient
3426:Realism
3383:Reality
3373:Process
3254:Realism
3234:Dualism
3229:Atomism
3111:Fideism
2882:Aspects
2802:Outline
2717:Related
2584:Poetics
2552:Tragedy
2542:Sublime
2515:Quality
2500:Mimesis
2458:Harmony
2443:Fashion
2418:Ecstasy
2413:Disgust
2329:more...
2298:Scruton
2223:Lyotard
2158:Goodman
2138:Deleuze
2073:Aquinas
2063:Alberti
2036:more...
2015:Realism
1995:Marxism
1975:Fascism
1958:Schools
1944:Science
1899:Ancient
1845:in the
1831:(ed.).
1812:(ed.).
1793:(ed.).
974:harmony
961:called
873:plaisir
743:Berlioz
658:harmony
654:pitches
536:Science
491:History
417:Islamic
377:Russian
372:Italian
357:British
347:Western
340:Iranian
316:Vietnam
291:Chinese
264:African
202:Ancient
165:History
150:Outline
5325:Amusia
5119:Topics
4936:Polish
4916:German
4911:French
4896:Danish
4886:Canada
4836:Jewish
4798:Korean
4783:Indian
4325:People
4246:Monism
4199:German
4167:Holism
4100:Modern
4078:Jewish
4001:Dvaita
3974:Indian
3897:Huayan
3749:Ajñana
3706:Indian
3571:Greco-
3556:Taoism
3546:Mohism
3492:Modern
3459:By era
3448:By era
3363:Action
3244:Monism
3164:Virtue
3146:Ethics
2923:Tuning
2708:(2009)
2698:(1977)
2688:(1946)
2678:(1939)
2668:(1935)
2658:(1934)
2648:(1933)
2638:(1891)
2628:(1835)
2618:(1757)
2485:Kitsch
2463:Humour
2393:Comedy
2371:Beauty
2313:Vasari
2303:Tagore
2278:Ruskin
2218:Lukács
2208:Langer
2153:Goethe
2078:Balázs
2058:Adorno
1939:Nature
1904:Africa
1755:
1723:
1712:(pbk).
1708:
1697:(pbk).
1693:
1685:
1670:
1631:
1620:(pbk.)
1616:
1608:
1590:(pbk).
1586:
1578:
1563:
1552:(pbk).
1548:
1541:
1512:
1498:
1483:
1468:
1453:
1442:(pbk).
1438:
1430:
1419:(pbk).
1415:
1407:
1392:
1381:(pbk).
1377:
1369:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1306:
1274:
1232:
1173:17 May
1133:
1011:, and
909:, and
674:timbre
666:rhythm
662:chords
650:melody
463:Ethics
432:Taoist
427:Jewish
367:German
362:French
296:Indian
229:Modern
5077:Areas
4967:Aztec
4921:Greek
4901:Dutch
4891:Czech
4740:Bantu
4177:Anti-
3724:Nyaya
3714:Hindu
3574:Roman
3368:Event
3010:Logic
2797:Index
2566:Works
2547:Taste
2537:Style
2318:Wilde
2258:Plato
2253:Pater
2213:Lipps
2173:Hegel
2143:Dewey
2133:Danto
2113:Burke
1934:Music
1909:India
1892:Areas
1827:. In
1808:. In
1789:. In
1074:Notes
1017:Plato
994:color
670:meter
468:Logic
412:Hindu
311:Korea
306:Japan
269:Egypt
155:Lists
27:music
4068:Sufi
3902:Chan
3761:Jain
3734:Yoga
3264:Mind
3204:Hard
3192:Hard
2521:Rasa
2479:Kama
2453:Gaze
2388:Camp
2268:Rand
2203:Klee
2193:Kant
2183:Hume
2103:Bell
1753:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1258:2013
1230:ISBN
1175:2011
1131:ISBN
953:and
888:Kant
876:and
845:The
759:and
730:and
704:and
672:and
511:Mind
422:Jain
33:and
4342:Neo
3907:Zen
2448:Fun
2228:Man
2148:Fry
1109:",
1092:",
1000:).
857:'s
745:'s
664:),
501:Law
5666::
2676:"
2666:"
2636:"
1751:.
1733:.
1302:.
1129:,
1118:^
1081:^
1007:,
988:,
984:,
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