80:
Piscine mycobacteriosis often presents as a chronic disease, with affected fish surviving for several weeks to years. Signs are variable and nonspecific; they can include emaciation, ascites, skin ulceration, hemorrhages, paleness, and skeletal deformities. Granulomatous inflammation may be found
97:
A presumptive diagnosis can be made upon the visualization of acid-fast bacilli within granulomatous material from lesions. Sensitivity for acid-fast staining is low, granulomas containing no visible acid-fast bacilli are reported in many experimentally infected species of fish.
44:
Piscine mycobacteriosis is caused by acid-fast bacilli colloquially referred to as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These are pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria found ubiquitously in the environment. The most common causes of piscine mycobacteriosis are
71:
Piscine tuberculosis is a common disease in fish and has been reported in aquaria, laboratories, commercial fish farms, and wild populations. It is considered to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in fish.
36:
genus and can afflict marine, brackish, and freshwater fish. Piscine mycobacteriosis has been known to affect over 200 species of fish and is a major cause of mortality in ornamental and farmed fish.
89:
Fish can acquire mycobacteria through the ingestion of contaminated feed or of infected dead fish. Transmission can also occur through contact with affected lesions or through the gills.
579:
500:
137:
susceptibility is confirmed. Control of piscine mycobacteriosis may necessitate the destruction of all affected stocks and disinfection of tanks and plumbing.
307:
256:
129:
There is currently no widely accepted treatment for mycobacteriosis in fish. Treatment is infrequently attempted as it appears ineffective at eliminating
620:
562:
133:
from affected colonies and is not practical in fish intended as food. Treating the fish with antibiotics has been reported to fail even when
995:
426:"Endemic Mycobacteriosis in Charco de Palma Pupfish, (Cyprinodon longidorsalis) Epidemiology and Effect of Antimycobacterial Therapy"
367:
Hashish, Emad; Merwad, Abdallah; Elgaml, Shimaa; Amer, Ali; Kamal, Huda; Elsadek, Ahmed; Marei, Ayman; Sitohy, Mahmoud (2018-01-01).
493:
101:
A definitive diagnosis requires the isolation and identification of the bacteria. Culture involves inoculating tissue samples onto
903:
106:
959:
625:
584:
425:
964:
944:
898:
871:
742:
574:
773:
652:
486:
929:
509:
908:
647:
913:
974:
540:
53:
30:) is a chronic infectious disease that afflicts many species of fish. This disease is caused by members of the
173:"Piscine mycobacteriosis: a literature review covering the agent and the disease it causes in fish and humans"
859:
847:
791:
637:
59:
820:
710:
589:
282:
369:"Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review"
877:
717:
595:
524:
102:
47:
865:
827:
808:
760:
685:
614:
568:
767:
657:
631:
662:
600:
444:
326:
214:
172:
703:
464:
406:
388:
346:
234:
192:
737:
724:
456:
396:
380:
338:
226:
184:
784:
731:
607:
327:"Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium spp. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) from research facilities"
954:
642:
556:
445:"Immunogenic and protective effects of a DNA vaccine for Mycobacterium marinum in fish"
401:
368:
424:
Lair, S; Crenshaw, G J; Mehren, K G; Lee, C; Ostland, V; Ferguson, H (30 March 2015).
989:
797:
530:
32:
81:
throughout internal organs and muscles and all tissues of the fish may be involved.
834:
778:
145:
384:
460:
188:
840:
679:
550:
141:
342:
230:
934:
814:
535:
478:
150:
392:
331:
Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
969:
949:
939:
853:
802:
747:
697:
468:
410:
350:
238:
196:
691:
113:
spp. is complicated by the presence of bacterial flora that compete with
545:
882:
753:
121:
from feces, external surfaces, and whole viscera is questionable.
109:, or another form of laboratory media. Culture-based detection of
482:
154:, but it was unsuccessful at achieving long-term immunity.
171:
Decostere, A.; Hermans, K.; Haesebrouck, F. (Apr 2004).
306:
Petty, B D; Francis-Floyd, R; Yanong, R (May 2022).
922:
891:
671:
516:
213:Gauthier, David T.; Rhodes, Martha W. (Apr 2009).
443:Pasnik, David J.; Smith, Stephen A. (Feb 2005).
290:The Center for Food Security & Public Health
325:Watral, Virginia; Kent, Michael L. (Feb 2007).
117:on standard laboratory media. The isolation of
494:
8:
144:was shown to provide short term immunity in
501:
487:
479:
449:Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
400:
163:
264:EAZWV Transmissible Disease Fact Sheet
621:Photobacterium damselae ssp piscicida
580:Hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis
215:"Mycobacteriosis in fishes: A review"
7:
362:
360:
301:
299:
277:
275:
273:
250:
248:
208:
206:
14:
904:Diseases and parasites in salmon
960:Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
585:Infectious pancreatic necrosis
1:
965:Paralytic shellfish poisoning
945:Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
899:Diseases and parasites in cod
872:Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
743:Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
385:10.1080/01652176.2018.1447171
461:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.08.017
308:"Bacterial Diseases of Fish"
255:Mensink, Marian (Mar 2009).
189:10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.011
930:Amnesic shellfish poisoning
510:Fish diseases and parasites
312:The Merck veterinary manual
1012:
996:Bacterial diseases of fish
909:Disease in ornamental fish
343:10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.06.004
231:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.012
914:List of aquarium diseases
283:"Piscine Mycobacteriosis"
257:"Mycobacteriosis in Fish"
16:Bacterial disease of fish
975:Scombroid food poisoning
860:Sphaerothecum destruens
848:Schistocephalus solidus
792:Lernaeocera branchialis
638:Spring viraemia of carp
177:Veterinary Microbiology
24:piscine mycobacteriosis
821:Nanophyetus salmincola
711:Clinostomum marginatum
563:Hematopoietic necrosis
531:Nervous necrosis virus
219:The Veterinary Journal
718:Dactylogyrus vastator
596:Mycobacterium marinum
525:Aeromonas salmonicida
125:Treatment and control
866:Swim bladder disease
828:Pseudorhabdosynochus
809:Myxobolus cerebralis
761:Gyrodactylus salaris
686:Amoebic gill disease
615:Pfiesteria piscicida
569:Heterosigma akashiwo
373:Veterinary Quarterly
20:Piscine tuberculosis
768:Henneguya zschokkei
632:Streptococcus iniae
601:Aquarium granuloma
76:Signs and symptoms
983:
982:
704:Ceratomyxa shasta
107:Lowenstein-Jensen
28:fish tuberculosis
1003:
774:Ich (freshwater)
738:Eustrongylidosis
725:Diphyllobothrium
590:Koi herpes virus
575:Hole in the head
541:Enteric redmouth
503:
496:
489:
480:
473:
472:
455:(3–4): 195–206.
440:
434:
433:
421:
415:
414:
404:
364:
355:
354:
322:
316:
315:
303:
294:
293:
287:
279:
268:
267:
261:
252:
243:
242:
210:
201:
200:
183:(3–4): 159–166.
168:
103:Middlebrook 7H10
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
986:
985:
984:
979:
918:
887:
785:Kudoa thyrsites
732:Cymothoa exigua
667:
608:Novirhabdovirus
512:
507:
477:
476:
442:
441:
437:
423:
422:
418:
366:
365:
358:
324:
323:
319:
305:
304:
297:
285:
281:
280:
271:
259:
254:
253:
246:
212:
211:
204:
170:
169:
165:
160:
127:
95:
87:
78:
69:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
988:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Marine viruses
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
923:Related topics
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
868:
863:
856:
851:
844:
837:
832:
824:
817:
812:
805:
800:
795:
788:
781:
776:
771:
764:
757:
750:
745:
740:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
695:
688:
683:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
643:Taura syndrome
640:
635:
628:
623:
618:
611:
604:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
565:
560:
557:Flavobacterium
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
520:
518:
514:
513:
508:
506:
505:
498:
491:
483:
475:
474:
435:
416:
356:
317:
295:
269:
244:
202:
162:
161:
159:
156:
126:
123:
94:
91:
86:
83:
77:
74:
68:
65:
41:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1008:
997:
994:
993:
991:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:
845:
843:
842:
838:
836:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Microsporidia
796:
794:
793:
789:
787:
786:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
733:
729:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:
715:
713:
712:
708:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:
677:
676:
674:
670:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
633:
629:
627:
626:Salmon anemia
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:
612:
610:
609:
605:
602:
598:
597:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
526:
522:
521:
519:
515:
511:
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
484:
481:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
436:
431:
430:IAAAM Archive
427:
420:
417:
412:
408:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
363:
361:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
318:
313:
309:
302:
300:
296:
291:
284:
278:
276:
274:
270:
265:
258:
251:
249:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
209:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
167:
164:
157:
155:
153:
152:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
131:Mycobacterium
124:
122:
120:
119:Mycobacterium
116:
115:Mycobacterium
112:
111:Mycobacterium
108:
104:
99:
92:
90:
84:
82:
75:
73:
66:
64:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
49:
39:
37:
35:
34:
33:Mycobacterium
29:
25:
21:
870:
858:
846:
839:
826:
819:
807:
790:
783:
779:Ich (marine)
766:
759:
752:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
690:
678:
630:
613:
606:
594:
567:
555:
523:
452:
448:
438:
429:
419:
379:(1): 35–46.
376:
372:
337:(1): 55–60.
334:
330:
320:
311:
289:
263:
225:(1): 33–47.
222:
218:
180:
176:
166:
149:
146:striped bass
139:
134:
130:
128:
118:
114:
110:
100:
96:
88:
85:Transmission
79:
70:
60:M. fortuitum
58:
52:
46:
43:
31:
27:
23:
19:
18:
892:Fish groups
841:Saprolegnia
835:Salmon lice
680:Abergasilus
551:Fish dropsy
292:. Nov 2020.
142:DNA vaccine
54:M. chelonae
935:Brevetoxin
815:Myxosporea
663:Yellowhead
658:White spot
536:Columnaris
158:References
151:M. marinum
140:The Ag85A
48:M. marinum
970:Saxitoxin
950:Fish kill
940:Ciguatera
854:Sea louse
803:Monogenea
698:Carp lice
672:Parasites
517:Pathogens
393:0165-2176
93:Diagnosis
990:Category
692:Anisakis
469:15621306
411:29493404
351:16904945
239:18620877
197:15066718
148:against
135:in vitro
546:Fin rot
402:6831007
67:Disease
883:Xenoma
878:Velvet
754:Glugea
748:Flukes
467:
409:
399:
391:
349:
237:
195:
57:, and
286:(PDF)
260:(PDF)
40:Cause
831:spp.
465:PMID
407:PMID
389:ISSN
347:PMID
235:PMID
193:PMID
653:VHS
648:UDN
457:doi
453:103
397:PMC
381:doi
339:doi
335:145
227:doi
223:180
185:doi
26:or
992::
463:.
451:.
447:.
428:.
405:.
395:.
387:.
377:38
375:.
371:.
359:^
345:.
333:.
329:.
310:.
298:^
288:.
272:^
262:.
247:^
233:.
221:.
217:.
205:^
191:.
181:99
179:.
175:.
105:,
63:.
51:,
603:)
599:(
502:e
495:t
488:v
471:.
459::
432:.
413:.
383::
353:.
341::
314:.
266:.
241:.
229::
199:.
187::
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.