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20:
145:. This pottery is handmade, and potters dig clay locally to produce their wares. Tempering agents like sand, volcanic ash, or pieces of ground-up broken pottery are combined with the clay to harden it during the firing process. The vessels are then pit-fired in the ground. Wood, dung, coal, or other locally sourced materials are used as fuel.
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mound is completed and the ground around has been swept clean of residual combustible material, a senior potter lights the fire. A handful of grass is lit and the woman runs around the circumference of the mound touching the burning torch to the dried grass. Some mounds are still being constructed as others are already burning.
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pots are positioned on and amid the branches and then grass is piled high to complete the mound. Although the mound contains the pots of many women, who are related through their husbands' extended families, each woman is responsible for her own or her immediate family's pots within the mound. When a
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to make pottery that is commercial, mainly made by the women of the village to be sold in the towns. Unfired pots are first brought to the place where a mound will be built, customarily by the women and girls of the village. The mound's foundation is made by placing sticks on the ground, then:
90:
to affect the surface of the pots. The top of the pit may be protected with moist clay, shards, larger pieces of wood, or metal baffles. The filled pit is then set on fire and carefully tended until most of the inner fuel has been consumed. At around 1,100 °C (2,010 °F) the maximum
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allow higher temperatures to be reached, use fuel more efficiently, and have long replaced pit firing as the most widespread method of firing pottery, although the technique still finds limited use amongst certain
95:. After cooling, pots are removed and cleaned; there may be patterns and colours left by ash and salt deposits. Pots may then be waxed and buffed to create a smooth glossy finish.
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Unfired pots are nestled together in a pit in the ground and are surrounded by combustible materials such as wood, shavings, dried
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temperatures are moderate compared to other techniques used for pottery, and the pottery produced counts as
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178:"Modern Ceramic Engineering: Properties, Processing And Use In Design." D.W. Richerson.
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72:
841:
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321:
Tewa Worlds: An
Archaeological History of Being and Becoming in the Pueblo Southwest
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A & C Black
Publishers, Limited, London, England, Third Edition 1991.
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Pit-firing continued in some parts of Africa until modern times. In
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119:, a firing mound, a large version of the pit, is still used at
54:. Examples have been dated as early as 29,000–25,000
107:
María and Julián
Martinez pit firing blackware pottery at
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Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery
344:
The Potter's
Dictionary of Materials and Techniques.
750:
734:
611:
568:
498:
422:
296:From This Earth: The Ancient Art of Pueblo Pottery
229:"Ceramics: A Potter's Handbook." G.Nelson. Holt,
209:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 233.
205:Piotr Bienkowski; Alan Millard (15 April 2010).
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62:dates to around 6000 BCE, and was found at the
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50:is the oldest known method for the firing of
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193:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.
397:
383:
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259:(Spring 2007). "The women of Kalabougou".
298:. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press.
323:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
191:"On the Origins of Pottery." P.M.Rice.
171:
7:
207:Dictionary of the Ancient Near East
133:Pit-firing continued to be used by
31:, a very large form of firing pit.
14:
242:"Mastering Raku." S.Branfman.
1:
706:Northern Black Polished Ware
365:Short article on pit firing.
244:Sterling Publishing Company.
58:, while the earliest known
864:
423:Base minerals, and glazes
416:Glossary of pottery terms
413:
294:Peckham, Stewart (1990).
273:10.1162/afar.2007.40.1.74
141:, and other areas of the
39:Removing the fired pots,
16:Method for firing pottery
612:Processes and decoration
342:Hamer, Frank and Janet.
82:, leaves, and sometimes
23:Pottery firing mound in
370:Brief 'How to' article.
231:Rinehart & Winston.
131:
112:
111:in New Mexico (c.1920)
66:site in modern Iraq.
44:
32:
775:Pre-conquest Americas
319:Duwe, Samuel (2020).
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38:
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109:San Ildefonso Pueblo
500:Main types, by body
160:Black-on-black ware
137:, in particular in
752:History of pottery
676:Black and red ware
570:Forming techniques
195:Vol 6, No.1. 1999.
143:American Southwest
113:
45:
33:
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711:Painted Grey Ware
624:biscuit porcelain
330:978-0-8165-4080-8
305:978-0-89013-204-3
216:978-0-8122-2115-2
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518:Egyptian faience
508:Asbestos-ceramic
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820:list of potters
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75:and in Africa.
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603:Wheel throwing
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359:External links
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257:Goldner, Janet
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155:Pueblo pottery
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135:Pueblo potters
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73:studio potters
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765:Ancient Rome
735:Conservation
671:Black-figure
655:
598:Slip casting
593:RAM pressing
408:and claywork
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267:(1): 74–79.
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261:African Arts
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84:metal oxides
77:
47:
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726:Sea pottery
513:Earthenware
485:Salt glazed
475:Lead-glazed
435:China stone
93:earthenware
721:Red-figure
716:Rang Mahal
631:Burnishing
560:Terracotta
548:soft-paste
543:hard-paste
533:Jasperware
490:Tin-glazed
480:Lustreware
180:CRC Press.
166:References
139:New Mexico
121:Kalabougou
99:Modern use
64:Yarim Tepe
48:Pit firing
41:Kalabougou
25:Kalabougou
805:Delftware
656:Pit fired
555:Stoneware
538:Porcelain
528:Ironstone
470:Ash glaze
455:Kaolinite
842:Category
827:Tilework
696:Kakiemon
666:Slipware
651:Painting
588:Pinching
583:Moulding
523:Fritware
460:Petuntse
445:Feldspar
430:Bone ash
281:57567441
149:See also
848:Pottery
810:Faience
795:Islamic
686:Celadon
641:Glazing
578:Coiling
406:Pottery
52:pottery
800:Persia
661:Saggar
636:Firing
350:
327:
302:
279:
213:
80:manure
43:, 2010
785:Korea
780:Japan
770:China
701:Malwa
691:Jorwe
277:S2CID
246:2009.
233:1984.
182:2006.
88:salts
68:Kilns
790:Maya
646:Kiln
465:Slip
450:Frit
440:Clay
348:ISBN
325:ISBN
300:ISBN
211:ISBN
117:Mali
86:and
60:kiln
29:Mali
269:doi
56:BCE
844::
275:.
265:40
263:.
27:,
398:e
391:t
384:v
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333:.
308:.
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271::
219:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
