425:
162:
1148:
1043:
740:
650:
295:
223:
235:
51:
33:
661:, 1962 or 1963. We carefully examined the original publication. The paper was presented at a meeting in December 1962 and is included in the volume dated 1962, but the actual date of publication was April 18, 1963. In accord with Article 21.1 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), the date of the taxon is 1963. The bibliographical date of the publication remains 1962, but the taxon is
250:
It is relatively large, about 40–65 millimetres (1.6–2.6 inches) in length and about 4–7 millimetres (0.16–0.28 inches) wide. Its body, however, is quite flat, being less than 2 millimetres (0.08 inches) in thickness. Both ends of the animal are pointed, but the head end is more pointed than the tail
351:
in the period from July to
November, and only 40% of the land snails were eaten during the other months. It was thus found that there was a positive correlation between snail mortality and temperature. This seasonal difference can be explained by different foraging behaviors, different microclimatic
438:
has been introduced to several tropical and subtropical islands such as
Micronesia, the Marquesas, the Society Islands, Samoa, Melanesia, and the Hawaiian Islands. These islands often harbor endemic radiations of rare and endangered snail species, which are a primary source of nutrition for
682:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Winsor, Leigh; Barrière, Patrick; Fanai, Crispus; Gey, Delphine; Han, Andrew Wee Kien; La Quay-Velázquez, Giomara; Lee, Benjamin Paul Yi-Hann; Lefevre, Jean-Marc; Meyer, Jean-Yves; Philippart, David; Robinson, David G.; Thévenot, Jessica; Tsatsia, Francis (2015).
281:
is within tropical areas, but it has been found in almost all temperate regions of the world including in agricultural, coastland, and disturbed areas, as well as, natural forests, planted forests, riparian zones, scrub/shrublands, urban areas, and wetlands. However,
342:
uses a chemical-based tracking method to follow snail mucus trails and track down its prey, sometimes even into trees. In areas where the land snail population has been exhausted, it has been known to eat other flatworms. The diet of
195:, it has been accidentally introduced to the soil of many countries, including the United States. It was also deliberately introduced into two Pacific islands in an attempt to control an invasion of the
398:
is presumed to act as a transmission vector of the parasite to humans and affects the epidemiology of angiostrongyliasis. In an outbreak of angiostrongyliasis in the
Okinawa Prefecture, populations of
919:
Sugiura, S (2009). "Seasonal fluctuation of invasive flatworm predation pressure on land snails: Implications for the range expansion and impacts of invasive species".
582:
1391:
535:, 19,959-bp in length, was obtained in 2020; it contains 36 genes and is almost colinear with the mitogenomes of the two other species previously sampled from the
1443:
419:
1352:
1417:
251:
end. Near the tip of the head end are two eyes. It is dark brown on the upper surface, with a lighter central line. The underside is pale grey.
758:
Sugiura, S; Okochi, I; Tamada, H (2006). "High predation pressure by an introduced flatworm on land snails on the oceanic
Ogasawara Islands".
338:
does not recognize early-stage snail eggs as a possible food source, but it does feed on young hatchlings and late-stage eggs of land snails.
334:
is the main predator of land mollusks, and preys upon the snails during most of their life cycle including young hatchlings. Furthermore,
1517:
1229:
825:
808:
1479:
1365:
531:, but that only one of the two haplotypes (the "World haplotype") has, through human agency, been widely dispersed. The complete
556:
424:
161:
1422:
946:
Ryuji, A.; et al. ""(July 2004) "Changing
Epidemiology of Angiostrongyliasis Cantonensis in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan".
484:
1430:
1512:
468:
347:
is also affected seasonally. According to studies done by
Sugiura, more than 90% of the land snails were preyed upon by
1404:
1300:
1166:
370:
410:
is a vector because it has been occasionally found underside cabbage leaves which would be eaten raw as fresh salad.
1058:"The house of a thousand species: The untapped potential of comprehensive biodiversity censuses of urban properties"
50:
459:, from which it could further invade the mainland southern US. In 2021, it was reported from the French islands of
1448:
1281:
383:
151:
1221:
996:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Gey, Delphine; Vasseur, Julie; Thévenot, Jessica; Coulis, Mathieu; Winsor, Leigh (2021).
406:
was found to be one of the prevailing infected hosts, with an infection rate of 14.1%. It is possible that
1147:
1042:
739:
649:
1243:
471:
in the
Antilles. In 2023, it was reported in Brisbane, Australia, the southernmost location to this date.
294:
234:
222:
1305:
286:
does not live in urban coastal areas, perhaps due to environmental factors, such as lack of vegetation.
135:
1507:
1484:
1326:
1182:
767:
532:
1057:
303:
196:
1091:
783:
527:. These results suggest that two haplotypes exist in the area of origin of the species, probably
391:
45:
689:(Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): records from six new localities, including the first in the USA"
1396:
1002:(Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Martin (French West Indies)"
1456:
1313:
1136:
1083:
1075:
1031:
1023:
978:
728:
710:
638:
1471:
1461:
1211:. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taipei, pp 179–183.
1190:
1126:
1065:
1013:
970:
928:
886:
775:
718:
700:
628:
618:
541:
528:
504:
271:
1207:, and other natural enemies to control the giant African snail". In: Bay-Petersen J. (ed.)
322:
on small land snails, but it has been known to feed on various soil invertebrates, such as
829:
812:
524:
402:
intermediates were examined in order to find the most frequently infected intermediates.
270:
of large flatworm preys on land mollusks and has been categorized as one of the 100 worst
854:
Ogren, R. (June 1995). "Predation
Behavior of Land Planarians." Hydrobiologia 305:105–111
601:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Winsor, Leigh; Gey, Delphine; Gros, Pierre; Thévenot, Jessica (2014).
1186:
803:
771:
214:
fauna of some
Pacific islands. It has become established in a wide variety of habitats.
723:
684:
633:
602:
365:
1501:
1095:
779:
547:
500:
488:
185:
787:
32:
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200:
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1131:
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1435:
1378:
1275:
536:
516:
452:
102:
1266:
1109:
Gastineau, Romain; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; Justine, Jean-Lou (2020).
1018:
997:
464:
460:
327:
323:
263:
204:
192:
112:
1140:
1079:
1027:
982:
714:
1339:
1056:
Rogers, Andrew M.; Yong, Russell Q.‐Y.; Holden, Matthew H. (December 2023).
974:
891:
870:
657:"There is some variation in the literature about the date of description of
520:
508:
480:
319:
211:
182:
92:
62:
1409:
1087:
1035:
905:
Sugiura, S., Yamaura Y. (2009) "Potential impacts of the invasive flatworm
732:
642:
1292:
1260:
386:, and both of these organisms are transmission vectors of the parasite.
208:
82:
1357:
1195:
705:
512:
456:
308:
267:
1383:
623:
1070:
496:
72:
1237:
1344:
965:
DeMarco, Emily (2015). "Snail-killing worm invades U.S. mainland".
423:
293:
233:
221:
160:
1331:
1241:
607:
in France, the first record for Europe: time for action is now"
580:
n. sp., planaire terrestre de la
Nouvelle-Guinée Hollandaise".
447:
has also been introduced to several Japanese Islands. In 2015,
519:; and the other, named "Australian haplotype" was found in
1209:
The use of natural enemies to control agricultural pests
909:
on arboreal snails". Biological Invasions 11(3): 737–742
207:, and has had a significant negative impact on the rare
1171:
De Beauchamp (Tricladida: Terricola: Rhynchodemidae)"
523:. The only locality with both haplotypes was in the
1250:
1111:"Complete mitogenome of the invasive land flatworm
677:
675:
673:
826:"Platydemus manokwari (New Guinea flatworm) - JCU"
495:: one, named "World haplotype", has been found in
1165:Kaneda, M.; Kitagawa, K.; Ichinohe, F. (1990).
753:
751:
749:
8:
871:"Predation impacts of the invasive flatworm
850:
848:
799:
797:
1233:on James Cook University, Australia website
1203:Muniappan R. (1990) "Use of the planarian,
869:Iwai, N.; Sugiura, S.; et al. (2010).
864:
862:
860:
842:. cms.jcu.edu.au, accessed 29 October 2009.
815:. zipcodezoo.com, accessed 27 October 2009.
583:Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France
420:Platydemus manokwari as an invasive species
1238:
1167:"Laboratory rearing method and biology of
31:
20:
1194:
1130:
1069:
1017:
890:
722:
704:
632:
622:
998:"Presence of the invasive land flatworm
487:(a mitochondrial gene commonly used for
948:Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
568:
491:) sequence have been characterised for
875:on eggs and hatchlings of land snails"
390:parasitizes humans as well and causes
352:conditions, and different densities.
7:
230:is pale finely mottled light brown.
603:"The invasive New Guinea flatworm
14:
1146:
1041:
780:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00196.x
738:
648:
414:Invasive species characteristics
360:There are no known predators of
49:
557:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II
1175:Applied Entomology and Zoology
485:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
307:, using the white cylindrical
1:
1132:10.1080/23802359.2020.1748532
685:"The invasive land planarian
551:; however, the mitogenome of
431:, map of distribution records
400:Angiostrongylasis cantonensis
378:. This nematode parasitizes
933:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.032
879:Journal of Molluscan Studies
311:visible on the ventral side.
371:Angiostrongylus cantonensis
266:in the Pacific Ocean. This
262:is native to the island of
1534:
1019:10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.11
417:
168:, invasive in Florida, USA
1518:Animals described in 1963
576:de Beauchamp, P (1962). "
141:
134:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
1119:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
811:2 September 2012 at the
384:giant African land snail
277:The original habitat of
197:giant African land snail
181:, is a species of large
975:10.1126/science.aac6883
921:Biological Conservation
555:has an unusually large
199:. It eats a variety of
432:
312:
242:
231:
169:
40:Head is on the right.
892:10.1093/mollus/eyq007
427:
301:feeding on the snail
297:
237:
225:
164:
1282:Platydemus manokwari
1252:Platydemus manokwari
1231:Platydemus manokwari
1223:Platydemus manokwari
1205:Platydemus manokwari
1169:Platydemus manokwari
1113:Platydemus manokwari
1000:Platydemus manokwari
907:Platydemus manokwari
873:Platydemus manokwari
805:Platydemus manokwari
687:Platydemus manokwari
665:de Beauchamp, 1963."
663:Platydemus manokwari
605:Platydemus manokwari
578:Platydemus manokwari
553:Platydemus manokwari
533:mitochondrial genome
445:Platydemus manokwari
441:Platydemus manokwari
436:Platydemus manokwari
408:Platydemus manokwari
374:, also known as the
364:. However, it is a
345:Platydemus manokwari
340:Platydemus manokwari
332:Platydemus manokwari
177:, also known as the
174:Platydemus manokwari
145:Platydemus manokwari
25:Platydemus manokwari
1513:Fauna of New Guinea
1187:1990AppEZ..25..524K
772:2006Biotr..38..700S
304:Eobania vermiculata
179:New Guinea flatworm
16:Species of flatworm
1196:10.1303/aez.25.524
832:on 27 October 2009
706:10.7717/peerj.1037
433:
392:angiostrongyliasis
313:
243:
232:
170:
1495:
1494:
1457:Open Tree of Life
1244:Taxon identifiers
927:(12): 3013–3019.
624:10.7717/peerj.297
368:for the nematode
159:
158:
127:P. manokwari
1525:
1488:
1487:
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1436:NHMSYS0021177496
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1225:in ISSG database
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1125:(2): 1689–1690.
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1071:10.1002/ecy.4225
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828:. Archived from
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542:Bipalium kewense
529:Papua New Guinea
505:French Polynesia
272:invasive species
226:Ventral side of
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1159:Further reading
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525:Solomon Islands
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382:as well as the
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255:Natural habitat
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238:Head region of
220:
218:General ecology
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83:Platyhelminthes
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418:Main article:
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388:A. cantonensis
366:paratenic host
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489:DNA barcoding
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186:land flatworm
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136:Binomial name
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834:. Retrieved
830:the original
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659:P. manokwari
658:
614:
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493:P. manokwari
492:
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469:Saint Martin
449:P. manokwari
448:
444:
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429:P. manokwari
428:
407:
404:P. manokwari
403:
399:
396:P. manokwari
395:
387:
380:P. manokwari
379:
376:rat lungworm
369:
362:P. manokwari
361:
359:
349:P. manokwari
348:
344:
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336:P. manokwari
335:
331:
316:P. manokwari
315:
314:
302:
299:P. manokwari
298:
284:P. manokwari
283:
279:P. manokwari
278:
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260:P. manokwari
259:
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249:
240:P. manokwari
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228:P. manokwari
227:
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166:P. manokwari
165:
152:De Beauchamp
144:
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126:
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113:
24:
18:
1508:Geoplanidae
1379:iNaturalist
1276:Wikispecies
537:Geoplanidae
517:Puerto Rico
453:Puerto Rico
246:Description
205:land snails
103:Geoplanidae
1502:Categories
954:: 184–186.
836:26 October
760:Biotropica
590:: 609–615.
563:References
481:haplotypes
465:Martinique
461:Guadeloupe
328:arthropods
324:earthworms
264:New Guinea
212:land snail
203:including
193:New Guinea
191:Native to
114:Platydemus
93:Tricladida
1141:2380-2359
1096:265514845
1080:0012-9658
1064:: e4225.
1028:1175-5334
983:0036-8075
715:2167-8359
699:: e1037.
521:Australia
509:Singapore
356:Predators
183:predatory
121:Species:
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1397:11718767
1290:BioLib:
1267:Q2569984
1261:Wikidata
1088:38038234
1036:33903410
809:Archived
788:84622655
733:26131377
643:24688873
617:: e297.
475:Genetics
99:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1472:6452966
1462:1048970
1423:1041140
1358:5892137
1332:9092523
1183:Bibcode
1062:Ecology
1006:Zootaxa
967:Science
768:Bibcode
724:4485254
634:3961122
513:Florida
483:of the
457:Florida
455:and in
318:mainly
309:pharynx
268:species
209:endemic
109:Genus:
89:Order:
1485:483183
1469:uBio:
1384:199342
1345:PTYDMA
1306:173908
1293:165716
1139:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1034:
1026:
981:
786:
731:
721:
713:
641:
631:
559:gene.
497:France
154:, 1963
1480:WoRMS
1449:79748
1410:42340
1392:IRMNG
1319:78248
1092:S2CID
784:S2CID
693:PeerJ
611:PeerJ
320:preys
1444:NCBI
1418:ITIS
1366:GISD
1353:GBIF
1340:EPPO
1301:BOLD
1137:ISSN
1084:PMID
1076:ISSN
1032:PMID
1024:ISSN
1010:4951
979:ISSN
838:2009
729:PMID
711:ISSN
639:PMID
545:and
515:and
479:Two
467:and
290:Prey
1431:NBN
1405:ISC
1371:133
1327:EoL
1314:CoL
1191:doi
1127:doi
1066:doi
1014:doi
971:doi
929:doi
925:142
887:doi
776:doi
719:PMC
701:doi
629:PMC
619:doi
394:.
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889::
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778::
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703::
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621::
615:2
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