114:—and indeed continuing through current times, if the present interglacial warming is considered as merely superimposed on the longer trend of cooling. Beginning about 3 Mya, the late Pliocene saw the start of glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere, and many authors may informally use the term "Plio-Pleistocene" as a synonym for the period during which the Northern Hemisphere has been glaciated.
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5 Mya to about 1.5 Mya—straddles the boundary between the
Pliocene and the Pleistocene. Thereafter the Plio-Pleistocene formations in East Africa contain, and disclose, the genus
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epoch—the last 12 thousand years—would be excluded, but most Earth scientists would probably treat the current times as incorporated into the term "Plio-Pleistocene"; see below.
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because the greater Plio-Pleistocene period covers the gradual but prolonged long-term cooling of the Earth's atmosphere from the generally warmer temperatures of the late
23:
is an informally described geological pseudo-period, which begins about 5 million years ago (Mya) and, drawing forward, combines the time ranges of the formally defined
268:; M. Weinelt; H. Erlenkeuser; D. Garbe-Schönberg; D.W. Lea (August 2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation".
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73:; and then the development of the early humans and their toolmaking cultures. This shorter pseudo-period—from
53:, the Plio-Pleistocene is a very useful period to which scientists may assign the long and continuous run in
61:). These contents collectively present a focused view of the continuous evolution of the region's large
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208:(18 January 2005). "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records".
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148:; Kessler, M.A. (2006). "Features of glacial valley profiles simply explained".
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34:—marking from about 5 Mya to about 12 kya. Nominally, the
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of datable sedimentary layers and their contents (e.g. the
65:, especially the evolution of some African apes (
8:
136:
7:
110:times to and continuing through the
271:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
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151:Journal of Geophysical Research
126:, straddle the Plio-Pleistocene
1:
94:The term is also useful in
16:Informally described period
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292:10.1016/J.EPSL.2005.06.020
89:anatomically modern humans
81:developing into archaic
284:2005E&PSL.237...33B
232:10.1029/2004PA001071
172:10.1029/2005JF000344
224:2005PalOc..20.1003L
164:2006JGRF..111.1004A
106: / early
41:In the contexts of
69:) to the earliest
124:Australopithecine
51:paleoanthropology
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211:Paleoceanography
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144:Anderson, R.S.;
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112:Late Pleistocene
21:Plio-Pleistocene
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278:(1–2): 33–44.
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84:Homo sapiens
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47:paleontology
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333:Pleistocene
206:Raymo, M.E.
96:climatology
63:vertebrates
55:East Africa
43:archaeology
29:Pleistocene
322:Categories
146:Molnar, P.
131:References
87:, then to
308:Q56058938
300:0012-821X
253:(erratum)
248:Q54015301
240:0883-8305
188:Q59665231
180:0148-0227
104:Oligocene
328:Pliocene
304:Wikidata
244:Wikidata
184:Wikidata
118:See also
71:hominins
67:hominids
36:Holocene
25:Pliocene
280:Bibcode
220:Bibcode
160:Bibcode
108:Neogene
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158:(F1).
49:, and
32:epochs
218:(1).
75:after
296:ISSN
236:ISSN
176:ISSN
98:and
79:Homo
27:and
19:The
288:doi
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228:doi
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