4323:
31:
298:," but emphasized that a consistent line of cases had read the clause broadly, "forbidding a State to do that indirectly which she is forbidden ... to do directly." Those cases, the court concluded, stood for the proposition that the tonnage clause's prohibition reaches any taxes or duties on a ship, "whether a fixed sum upon its whole
305:
With this premise in mind, the court concluded that because Valdez taxes "ships and to no other property at all ... in order to obtain revenue for general city purposes ... the kind of tax that the
Tonnage Clause forbids Valdez to impose without the consent of Congress, consent that Valdez lacks."
3419:
2682:
1205:
1237:
2658:
667:
2855:
302:, or a sum to be ascertained by comparing the amount of tonnage with the rate of duty ... regardless of name or form ... which operate to impose a charge for the privilege of entering, trading in, or lying in a port."
3259:
3211:
1961:
4388:
3427:
387:
358:
2722:
2592:
3571:
3539:
3219:
1376:
3227:
2823:
1656:
938:
3648:
2980:
2690:
1891:
3299:
1005:
2943:
2783:
1109:
427:
399:
315:
72:
3523:
3109:
2650:
1945:
1859:
1584:
1480:
1269:
379:
350:
3435:
3146:
3155:
3005:
1165:
4144:
3815:
3459:
3395:
2698:
3831:
3673:
3627:
2706:
1253:
813:
3195:
3595:
3371:
2927:
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2336:
2251:
1400:
3603:
3307:
3093:
3013:
2538:
2397:
2259:
4219:
3974:
3852:
3779:
3772:
3499:
3021:
2863:
1689:
1528:
846:
753:
700:
631:
627:
578:
574:
525:
521:
507:
245:
4088:
2530:
3657:
3125:
2935:
2807:
2775:
2466:
1841:
1448:
1560:
4403:
4383:
3443:
1392:
1245:
2847:
2570:
1213:
882:
3203:
3101:
2344:
2328:
2320:
320:
3515:
3235:
2989:
2381:
2227:
2219:
1141:
4393:
3531:
2522:
2147:
1277:
1197:
890:
2911:
1432:
3483:
3133:
2562:
1440:
1021:
4364:
4048:
3619:
3587:
3387:
3379:
3171:
2951:
2919:
2799:
2754:
2674:
1464:
1360:
989:
2267:
3053:
2967:
2666:
2600:
2389:
2243:
2235:
1608:
1320:
1149:
1101:
495:
3665:
3611:
2887:
2714:
2421:
2364:
1796:
1125:
4330:
3475:
2959:
2839:
2730:
1568:
1552:
1157:
1117:
1069:
659:
598:
545:
504:
241:
35:
4128:
3451:
3323:
3163:
2514:
2498:
2352:
1504:
1456:
1344:
1221:
4296:
3491:
3403:
3179:
3029:
1093:
1077:
1053:
3909:
3037:
2895:
2629:
1045:
1013:
720:
1883:
4120:
2086:
1664:
1029:
898:
1496:
4112:
4024:
2612:
2405:
2311:
1784:
1261:
773:
4198:
2871:
1875:
1512:
1061:
465:
3698:
3467:
2791:
2275:
1416:
1189:
821:
4096:
3751:
3243:
1632:
1181:
1085:
997:
842:
249:
4357:
4240:
4232:
3743:
3085:
2490:
2437:
1640:
1592:
1488:
1424:
874:
4104:
4032:
3925:
3877:
3635:
3267:
3061:
2831:
2413:
2373:
2291:
765:
488:
4322:
4136:
4398:
3727:
3339:
3117:
3045:
2458:
2429:
972:
930:
906:
858:
728:
696:
4272:
4064:
3555:
3355:
3275:
2554:
2474:
2299:
2139:
1921:
1624:
1600:
280:
4248:
3711:
2766:
2506:
2449:
2155:
2106:
1981:
1821:
1813:
1759:
1721:
1536:
1368:
1133:
1037:
431:
403:
383:
354:
275:
subsidiary, sued, arguing that the tax violated the
Tonnage Clause of the Constitution, which forbids a
64:
4056:
1544:
4350:
4280:
4177:
3719:
3579:
3315:
3291:
3251:
2211:
2078:
1929:
922:
712:
4264:
3997:
3941:
3917:
3187:
2195:
2179:
2163:
2014:
1913:
1520:
1384:
590:
481:
176:
3987:
3901:
3893:
3823:
3411:
2879:
2482:
2283:
2187:
2171:
2054:
2046:
1953:
1937:
1703:
1472:
914:
794:
749:
4190:
4040:
3799:
3735:
3283:
3077:
2997:
2746:
2115:
2094:
1990:
1867:
1768:
1648:
1408:
1229:
981:
553:
406:
144:
121:
The tonnage clause forbids a city with a port to levy a property tax on ships using the harbor
4334:
4016:
3885:
3791:
3507:
3363:
3331:
2815:
2123:
2006:
1829:
1746:
1352:
1312:
1296:
866:
806:
643:
287:
4256:
3970:
3547:
3347:
2903:
2131:
2062:
2038:
1998:
1851:
1576:
1328:
1304:
1173:
959:
675:
606:
362:
345:
340:
168:
156:
473:
438:
391:
4152:
4080:
3933:
3869:
3563:
2546:
2030:
2022:
1969:
1776:
1616:
651:
272:
256:
180:
152:
4377:
4072:
3807:
3069:
2582:
2203:
2070:
1903:
1805:
537:
447:
3949:
2738:
264:
188:
164:
136:
1713:
291:
268:
67:
2641:
1336:
295:
276:
3420:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
2683:
College
Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
79:
2659:
San
Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
1206:
Oregon Waste
Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
668:
Arizona State
Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
456:
1238:
United
Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
205:
Breyer, joined by Scalia, Kennedy, Ginsburg; Alito (all but Part II–B–2)
299:
286:
The
Supreme Court agreed with Polar Tankers. The court noted that the
3260:
Walker
Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
2856:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
294:
for a tax imposed that varies with "the internal cubic capacity of a
260:
1561:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
3212:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
1962:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
104:
4217:
4175:
3968:
3850:
3770:
3696:
3428:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
1744:
1687:
957:
840:
792:
747:
694:
625:
572:
519:
477:
30:
2723:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
2593:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
3220:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
3572:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
3540:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
1377:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
396:
Clyde Mallory Lines v. Alabama ex rel. State Docks Comm'n
374:
Id. at _ (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting
3228:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
2824:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
4338:
4265:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
1657:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1006:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
939:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
4389:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2691:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
1892:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
2944:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
2784:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
1860:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
1110:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
316:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 557
3524:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
3110:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
2651:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
1946:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
1585:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
1270:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
4008:
3985:
3646:
3436:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
3300:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
3144:
2978:
2765:
2640:
2611:
2581:
2448:
2363:
2310:
2105:
1980:
1902:
1840:
1795:
1758:
1701:
1288:
971:
225:
217:
209:
201:
196:
125:
115:
92:
87:
59:
49:
42:
23:
3156:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
3006:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
1166:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
3816:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
3460:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
3396:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
3196:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
2699:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
1481:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
3832:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
3674:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
3628:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
2707:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
2252:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
1254:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
1158:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
814:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
4129:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
3596:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
3372:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
2928:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
1401:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
4145:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
3604:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
3308:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
3094:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
3014:International News Service v. Associated Press
2539:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
2531:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
2398:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
2260:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
4358:
3658:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
3500:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
3022:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
2864:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
1529:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
489:
8:
2622:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
2467:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
2337:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
4089:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
3126:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
2936:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
2808:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
2776:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
2571:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
1449:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
1214:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
240:, 557 U.S. 1 (2009), was a decision by the
4365:
4351:
4214:
4172:
3982:
3965:
3847:
3767:
3693:
3444:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
1755:
1741:
1698:
1684:
1393:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
1246:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
968:
954:
837:
789:
744:
691:
622:
569:
516:
496:
482:
474:
20:
3204:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
3102:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
2382:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
2345:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
2329:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
2321:Straus v. American Publishers Association
2228:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
321:List of United States Supreme Court cases
267:that, in practice, applied only to large
3516:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
3236:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
2990:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
2912:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2220:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
1433:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
1142:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
883:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
4121:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
3532:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
2848:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
2563:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
2523:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
2148:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
1278:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
1198:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
1022:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
891:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
466:Supreme Court (slip opinion) (archived)
332:
3484:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
3380:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
3134:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
2800:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
1441:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
99:3AN-00-09665 CI (Alaska Super. 2006);
4289:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
4049:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
3620:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
3588:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
3388:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
3172:United States v. General Electric Co.
2952:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
2920:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
2755:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
2675:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
1465:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
1361:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
990:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
575:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
424:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
237:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
54:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
18:2009 United States Supreme Court case
7:
4319:
4317:
4113:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
3054:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
2968:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
2667:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
2601:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
2390:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2244:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
2236:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
1609:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
1321:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
1150:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
1102:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
3666:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
3612:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
2888:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
2715:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
2422:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
2365:International Copyright Act of 1891
1126:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
213:Roberts (in part), joined by Thomas
4337:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
4331:Supreme Court of the United States
3476:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
2840:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
2731:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
1569:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
1553:National League of Cities v. Usery
1118:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
1070:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
660:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
599:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
546:Department of Commerce v. New York
242:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4404:United States Supreme Court stubs
4384:United States Supreme Court cases
3492:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
3452:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
3324:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
3164:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
2515:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
2499:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
2353:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
1457:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
1345:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
1222:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
4321:
4297:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
3404:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
3180:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
3030:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
1094:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
1078:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
1054:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
1014:Swift & Co. v. United States
29:
3910:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3038:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
2896:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
2268:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
1497:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
1046:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
434:1 (2009) is available from:
24:Polar Tankers v. City of Valdez
4394:2009 in United States case law
2087:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
1030:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
899:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
1:
4097:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
4025:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
2613:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2406:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2312:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
1884:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
1785:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
1262:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1182:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
774:United States v. Munoz-Flores
283:, lay any Duty of Tonnage."
4329:This article related to the
4199:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
2872:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
1876:Schillinger v. United States
1513:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
1062:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
376:Steamship Co. v. Portwardens
3699:Necessary and Proper Clause
3468:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
2792:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
2276:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
1417:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
1190:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
822:Clinton v. City of New York
4420:
4316:
4105:City of El Paso v. Simmons
3752:United States v. Kebodeaux
3244:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
1505:Henderson v. United States
1086:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
998:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
843:Taxing and Spending Clause
457:Oyez (oral argument audio)
279:, "without the Consent of
250:United States Constitution
4241:Virginia v. West Virginia
4227:
4213:
4185:
4171:
3981:
3964:
3864:
3853:No Bills of Attainder or
3846:
3786:
3766:
3744:United States v. Comstock
3706:
3692:
3086:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
2491:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
2438:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
1754:
1740:
1697:
1683:
1641:United States v. Morrison
1593:New York v. United States
1489:North American Co. v. SEC
1425:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
967:
953:
875:Springer v. United States
853:
836:
802:
788:
760:
743:
707:
690:
638:
621:
585:
568:
532:
515:
229:Stevens, joined by Souter
130:
120:
28:
4033:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3926:Barr v. City of Columbia
3878:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3636:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
3268:Graham v. John Deere Co.
3062:KVOS v. Associated Press
2832:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
2630:Dowling v. United States
2414:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
2374:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
2292:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
766:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
721:United States v. Johnson
339:Slip op. at _ (internal
4137:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
3340:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
3118:Goldstein v. California
3046:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
2459:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2430:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
1665:Taylor v. United States
973:Dormant Commerce Clause
907:United States v. Butler
859:Hylton v. United States
729:Gravel v. United States
697:Speech or Debate Clause
290:of the clause was as a
4273:New Jersey v. New York
3728:Sabri v. United States
3556:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
3356:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
3276:United States v. Adams
2555:De Sylva v. Ballentine
2475:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
2300:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
2140:Schreiber v. Sharpless
1922:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
1633:Jones v. United States
1625:United States v. Locke
1601:United States v. Lopez
931:Sabri v. United States
97:judgment for plaintiff
4249:Virginia v. Tennessee
3712:McCulloch v. Maryland
2767:Copyright Act of 1976
2507:Douglas v. Cunningham
2450:Copyright Act of 1909
2156:Thornton v. Schreiber
2107:Copyright Act of 1870
1982:Copyright Act of 1831
1760:Copyright Act of 1790
1722:Juilliard v. Greenman
1537:Katzenbach v. McClung
1369:Hoke v. United States
1134:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
1038:Edwards v. California
109:reversed and remanded
101:reversed and remanded
78:129 S. Ct. 2277; 174
45:Decided June 15, 2009
4281:Virginia v. Maryland
4178:Import-Export Clause
4065:Stone v. Mississippi
3720:Lambert v. Yellowley
3580:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
3316:Gottschalk v. Benson
3292:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
3252:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
2212:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2079:Bolles v. Outing Co.
923:South Dakota v. Dole
713:Kilbourn v. Thompson
43:Argued April 1, 2009
3998:Hepburn v. Griswold
3942:Kansas v. Hendricks
3918:De Veau v. Braisted
3188:Altvater v. Freeman
2196:Belford v. Scribner
2180:Thompson v. Hubbard
2164:Banks v. Manchester
2015:Stevens v. Gladding
1914:Pennock v. Dialogue
1842:Patent infringement
1521:Boynton v. Virginia
1385:Hammer v. Dagenhart
591:Powell v. McCormack
271:. Polar Tankers, a
177:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
107:614 (Alaska 2008);
4233:Florida v. Georgia
3988:Legal Tender Cases
3902:Samuels v. McCurdy
3894:Hawker v. New York
3824:Boumediene v. Bush
3412:Dickinson v. Zurko
2880:Eldred v. Ashcroft
2483:Manners v. Morosco
2284:Scribner v. Straus
2188:Higgins v. Keuffel
2172:Callaghan v. Myers
2055:Higgins v. Keuffel
2047:Callaghan v. Myers
1954:Egbert v. Lippmann
1938:Cochrane v. Deener
1797:Patent Act of 1793
1704:Legal Tender Cases
1473:Wickard v. Filburn
915:Helvering v. Davis
795:Presentment Clause
750:Origination Clause
522:Enumeration Clause
505:U.S. Supreme Court
343:omitted) (quoting
141:Associate Justices
4346:
4345:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4209:
4208:
4191:Brown v. Maryland
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4057:Bronson v. Kinzie
4041:Ogden v. Saunders
3960:
3959:
3842:
3841:
3800:Ex parte Merryman
3776:Suspension Clause
3762:
3761:
3736:Gonzales v. Raich
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3284:Brenner v. Manson
3078:Buck v. Gallagher
2998:Ferris v. Frohman
2747:Iancu v. Brunetti
2116:Perris v. Hexamer
2095:Mifflin v. Dutton
1991:Wheaton v. Peters
1930:O'Reilly v. Morse
1868:Rowell v. Lindsay
1769:Wheaton v. Peters
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1649:Gonzales v. Raich
1545:Maryland v. Wirtz
1409:Gold Clause Cases
1230:Granholm v. Heald
982:Brown v. Maryland
949:
948:
832:
831:
784:
783:
739:
738:
686:
685:
617:
616:
564:
563:
554:Trump v. New York
233:
232:
4411:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4325:
4318:
4215:
4173:
4017:Fletcher v. Peck
3983:
3966:
3886:Ex parte Garland
3848:
3792:Ex parte Bollman
3768:
3694:
3508:Bilski v. Kappos
3364:Diamond v. Diehr
3332:Dann v. Johnston
2816:Stewart v. Abend
2124:Trade-Mark Cases
2007:Stephens v. Cady
1830:Evans v. Hettich
1756:
1747:Copyright Clause
1742:
1699:
1685:
1353:Champion v. Ames
1313:Paul v. Virginia
1297:Gibbons v. Ogden
969:
955:
867:Collector v. Day
838:
807:Pocket Veto Case
790:
745:
692:
644:Ex parte Siebold
628:Elections Clause
623:
570:
517:
498:
491:
484:
475:
470:
464:
461:
455:
452:
446:
443:
437:
410:
394: (1867) and
372:
366:
337:
288:original meaning
126:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4314:
4312:
4303:
4257:Wharton v. Wise
4223:
4205:
4181:
4159:
4004:
3977:
3971:Contract Clause
3956:
3860:
3838:
3782:
3758:
3702:
3701:of Section VIII
3680:
3649:trademark cases
3642:
3548:Kappos v. Hyatt
3348:Parker v. Flook
3140:
2981:copyright cases
2974:
2960:Allen v. Cooper
2904:Golan v. Holder
2761:
2636:
2607:
2577:
2444:
2359:
2306:
2132:Merrell v. Tice
2101:
2063:Holmes v. Hurst
2039:Baker v. Selden
1999:Backus v. Gould
1976:
1898:
1852:Evans v. Jordan
1836:
1791:
1750:
1749:of Section VIII
1728:
1693:
1692:of Section VIII
1671:
1577:EEOC v. Wyoming
1329:Kidd v. Pearson
1305:Passenger Cases
1284:
1174:Maine v. Taylor
963:
962:of Section VIII
960:Commerce Clause
945:
849:
828:
798:
780:
756:
735:
703:
682:
676:Moore v. Harper
634:
613:
607:Cook v. Gralike
581:
560:
528:
511:
502:
468:
462:
459:
453:
450:
444:
441:
435:
419:
414:
413:
373:
369:
346:Passenger Cases
341:quotation marks
338:
334:
329:
312:
221:Alito (in part)
179:
169:Clarence Thomas
167:
157:Anthony Kennedy
155:
145:John P. Stevens
83:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4417:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4399:ConocoPhillips
4396:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4326:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4220:Compact Clause
4218:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:Sveen v. Melin
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4081:Block v. Hirsh
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3993:
3991:
3979:
3978:
3969:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3934:Teague v. Lane
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3870:Calder v. Bull
3865:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3771:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3564:Gunn v. Minton
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2547:Mazer v. Stein
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2031:Paige v. Banks
2027:
2023:Little v. Hall
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:Voss v. Fisher
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1822:Evans v. Eaton
1818:
1814:Evans v. Eaton
1810:
1801:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1777:Paige v. Banks
1773:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1690:Coinage Clause
1688:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1617:Reno v. Condon
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
977:
975:
965:
964:
958:
951:
950:
947:
946:
944:
943:
935:
927:
919:
911:
903:
895:
887:
879:
871:
863:
854:
851:
850:
841:
834:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
818:
810:
803:
800:
799:
797:of Section VII
793:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
778:
770:
761:
758:
757:
748:
741:
740:
737:
736:
734:
733:
725:
717:
708:
705:
704:
695:
688:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
672:
664:
656:
652:Smiley v. Holm
648:
639:
636:
635:
626:
619:
618:
615:
614:
612:
611:
603:
595:
586:
583:
582:
573:
566:
565:
562:
561:
559:
558:
550:
542:
533:
530:
529:
520:
513:
512:
503:
501:
500:
493:
486:
478:
472:
471:
418:
417:External links
415:
412:
411:
367:
331:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
318:
311:
308:
273:ConocoPhillips
257:City of Valdez
246:tonnage clause
244:involving the
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
194:
193:
192:
191:
181:Stephen Breyer
153:Antonin Scalia
142:
139:
134:
128:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4416:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:Smyth v. Ames
4070:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3859:of Section IX
3858:
3856:
3855:Ex post facto
3849:
3845:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:Ex parte Endo
3805:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:Habeas corpus
3769:
3765:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:Gibbs v. Buck
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2922:
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2917:
2914:
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2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
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2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
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2842:
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2826:
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2821:
2818:
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2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
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2801:
2797:
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2778:
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2757:
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2744:
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2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
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2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
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2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
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2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:Patent misuse
2580:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
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2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2509:
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2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
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2453:
2451:
2447:
2440:
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2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:Brady v. Daly
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:Brady v. Daly
2068:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:Patentability
1901:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:Tyler v. Tuel
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
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1614:
1611:
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1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
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1590:
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1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
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1554:
1550:
1547:
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1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
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1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
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1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
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1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
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1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
956:
952:
941:
940:
936:
933:
932:
928:
925:
924:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:
900:
896:
893:
892:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
805:
804:
801:
796:
791:
787:
776:
775:
771:
768:
767:
763:
762:
759:
755:
751:
746:
742:
731:
730:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
714:
710:
709:
706:
702:
698:
693:
689:
678:
677:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
641:
640:
637:
633:
629:
624:
620:
609:
608:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
584:
580:
576:
571:
567:
556:
555:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:Utah v. Evans
535:
534:
531:
527:
523:
518:
514:
509:
506:
499:
494:
492:
487:
485:
480:
479:
476:
467:
458:
449:
440:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
416:
409: (1935)).
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
371:
368:
365: (1849)).
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
336:
333:
326:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
309:
307:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:Case opinions
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:Chief Justice
132:
131:
129:
124:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
4339:expanding it
4328:
4313:
4295:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4222:of Section X
4197:
4189:
4180:of Section X
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
3996:
3986:
3950:Smith v. Doe
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3854:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3773:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3147:patent cases
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2753:
2745:
2739:Matal v. Tam
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2628:
2620:
2599:
2591:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1720:
1712:
1702:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
937:
929:
921:
913:
905:
897:
889:
881:
873:
865:
857:
847:Section VIII
820:
812:
772:
764:
727:
719:
711:
674:
666:
658:
650:
642:
605:
597:
589:
552:
544:
536:
423:
395:
375:
370:
344:
335:
304:
285:
265:property tax
254:
236:
235:
234:
189:Samuel Alito
184:
172:
165:David Souter
160:
148:
137:John Roberts
108:
100:
96:
88:Case history
71:
53:
15:
3857:Laws Clause
1714:Knox v. Lee
754:Section VII
407:261, 265-56
292:term of art
269:oil tankers
218:Concurrence
210:Concurrence
4378:Categories
3780:Section IX
2642:Lanham Act
1337:In re Debs
701:Section VI
632:Section IV
526:Section II
327:References
263:imposed a
3975:Section X
508:Article I
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
2585:case law
1906:case law
1844:case law
510:case law
422:Text of
363:283, 458
310:See also
281:Congress
202:Majority
439:Cornell
300:tonnage
248:of the
226:Dissent
116:Holding
4300:(2018)
4292:(2009)
4284:(2003)
4276:(1998)
4268:(1985)
4260:(1894)
4252:(1893)
4244:(1871)
4236:(1855)
4202:(1951)
4194:(1827)
4156:(2018)
4148:(1987)
4140:(1983)
4132:(1983)
4124:(1978)
4116:(1977)
4108:(1965)
4100:(1935)
4092:(1934)
4084:(1921)
4076:(1898)
4068:(1880)
4060:(1843)
4052:(1837)
4044:(1827)
4036:(1819)
4028:(1819)
4020:(1810)
4009:Others
4001:(1870)
3953:(2003)
3945:(1997)
3937:(1989)
3929:(1964)
3921:(1960)
3913:(1951)
3905:(1925)
3897:(1898)
3889:(1866)
3881:(1819)
3873:(1798)
3835:(2020)
3827:(2008)
3819:(2001)
3811:(1944)
3803:(1861)
3795:(1807)
3755:(2013)
3747:(2010)
3739:(2005)
3731:(2004)
3723:(1926)
3715:(1819)
3677:(2020)
3669:(1938)
3661:(1915)
3647:Other
3639:(2019)
3631:(2017)
3623:(2016)
3615:(2015)
3607:(2015)
3599:(2014)
3591:(2014)
3583:(2013)
3575:(2013)
3567:(2013)
3559:(2013)
3551:(2012)
3543:(2012)
3535:(2011)
3527:(2011)
3519:(2011)
3511:(2010)
3503:(2008)
3495:(2007)
3487:(2007)
3479:(2007)
3471:(2006)
3463:(2006)
3455:(2006)
3447:(2005)
3439:(2002)
3431:(2001)
3423:(1999)
3415:(1999)
3407:(1998)
3399:(1997)
3391:(1996)
3383:(1990)
3375:(1989)
3367:(1981)
3359:(1980)
3351:(1978)
3343:(1976)
3335:(1976)
3327:(1973)
3319:(1972)
3311:(1971)
3303:(1969)
3295:(1969)
3287:(1966)
3279:(1966)
3271:(1966)
3263:(1965)
3255:(1964)
3247:(1964)
3239:(1964)
3231:(1961)
3223:(1950)
3215:(1950)
3207:(1948)
3199:(1945)
3191:(1943)
3183:(1942)
3175:(1926)
3167:(1916)
3159:(1908)
3145:Other
3137:(1975)
3129:(1974)
3121:(1973)
3113:(1968)
3105:(1962)
3097:(1960)
3089:(1949)
3081:(1939)
3073:(1939)
3065:(1936)
3057:(1934)
3049:(1932)
3041:(1931)
3033:(1923)
3025:(1919)
3017:(1918)
3009:(1914)
3001:(1912)
2993:(1911)
2979:Other
2971:(2020)
2963:(2020)
2955:(2019)
2947:(2019)
2939:(2017)
2931:(2014)
2923:(2014)
2915:(2013)
2907:(2012)
2899:(2010)
2891:(2005)
2883:(2003)
2875:(2001)
2867:(1998)
2859:(1998)
2851:(1996)
2843:(1994)
2835:(1994)
2827:(1991)
2819:(1990)
2811:(1989)
2803:(1985)
2795:(1985)
2787:(1984)
2779:(1977)
2758:(2020)
2750:(2019)
2742:(2017)
2734:(2014)
2726:(2014)
2718:(2003)
2710:(2003)
2702:(2001)
2694:(2001)
2686:(1999)
2678:(1995)
2670:(1992)
2662:(1987)
2654:(1982)
2633:(1985)
2625:(1941)
2604:(1942)
2596:(1917)
2574:(1973)
2566:(1964)
2558:(1956)
2550:(1954)
2542:(1952)
2534:(1943)
2526:(1940)
2518:(1939)
2510:(1935)
2502:(1931)
2494:(1923)
2486:(1920)
2478:(1917)
2470:(1914)
2462:(1911)
2441:(1911)
2433:(1911)
2425:(1909)
2417:(1909)
2409:(1908)
2401:(1908)
2393:(1907)
2385:(1903)
2377:(1896)
2356:(1979)
2348:(1948)
2340:(1941)
2332:(1939)
2324:(1913)
2303:(1912)
2295:(1909)
2287:(1908)
2279:(1908)
2271:(1908)
2263:(1908)
2255:(1907)
2247:(1907)
2239:(1907)
2231:(1903)
2223:(1903)
2215:(1899)
2207:(1899)
2199:(1892)
2191:(1891)
2183:(1889)
2175:(1888)
2167:(1888)
2159:(1888)
2151:(1884)
2143:(1884)
2135:(1881)
2127:(1879)
2119:(1879)
2098:(1903)
2090:(1903)
2082:(1899)
2074:(1899)
2066:(1899)
2058:(1891)
2050:(1888)
2042:(1879)
2034:(1872)
2026:(1856)
2018:(1854)
2010:(1853)
2002:(1849)
1994:(1834)
1973:(1885)
1965:(1885)
1957:(1881)
1949:(1878)
1941:(1876)
1933:(1853)
1925:(1851)
1917:(1829)
1895:(1938)
1887:(1913)
1879:(1894)
1871:(1885)
1863:(1885)
1855:(1815)
1833:(1822)
1825:(1822)
1817:(1818)
1809:(1810)
1788:(1908)
1780:(1872)
1772:(1834)
1725:(1884)
1717:(1871)
1668:(2016)
1660:(2012)
1652:(2005)
1644:(2000)
1636:(2000)
1628:(2000)
1620:(2000)
1612:(1996)
1604:(1995)
1596:(1992)
1588:(1985)
1580:(1983)
1572:(1981)
1564:(1981)
1556:(1976)
1548:(1968)
1540:(1964)
1532:(1964)
1524:(1960)
1516:(1951)
1508:(1950)
1500:(1949)
1492:(1946)
1484:(1944)
1476:(1942)
1468:(1942)
1460:(1941)
1452:(1940)
1444:(1938)
1436:(1937)
1428:(1936)
1420:(1935)
1412:(1935)
1404:(1935)
1396:(1923)
1388:(1918)
1380:(1914)
1372:(1913)
1364:(1911)
1356:(1903)
1348:(1895)
1340:(1895)
1332:(1888)
1324:(1885)
1316:(1869)
1308:(1849)
1300:(1824)
1289:Others
1281:(2023)
1273:(2019)
1265:(2018)
1257:(2015)
1249:(2008)
1241:(2007)
1233:(2005)
1225:(1994)
1217:(1994)
1209:(1994)
1201:(1992)
1193:(1992)
1185:(1989)
1177:(1986)
1169:(1984)
1161:(1983)
1153:(1982)
1145:(1981)
1137:(1980)
1129:(1978)
1121:(1978)
1113:(1977)
1105:(1977)
1097:(1976)
1089:(1970)
1081:(1967)
1073:(1959)
1065:(1954)
1057:(1951)
1049:(1945)
1041:(1941)
1033:(1935)
1025:(1925)
1017:(1905)
1009:(1886)
1001:(1852)
993:(1829)
985:(1827)
942:(2012)
934:(2004)
926:(1987)
918:(1937)
910:(1936)
902:(1922)
894:(1916)
886:(1895)
878:(1881)
870:(1871)
862:(1796)
825:(1998)
817:(1983)
809:(1929)
777:(1990)
769:(1911)
732:(1972)
724:(1966)
716:(1881)
679:(2023)
671:(2015)
663:(1995)
655:(1932)
647:(1879)
610:(2001)
602:(1995)
594:(1969)
557:(2020)
549:(2019)
541:(2002)
469:
463:
460:
454:
451:
448:Justia
445:
442:
436:
398:,
392:31, 35
390:)
378:,
361:)
349:,
296:vessel
261:Alaska
187:
185:·
183:
175:
173:·
171:
163:
161:·
159:
151:
149:·
147:
103:, 182
4333:is a
430:
402:
388:Wall.
382:
353:
277:state
93:Prior
4335:stub
577:and
432:U.S.
404:U.S.
384:U.S.
359:How.
355:U.S.
255:The
105:P.3d
73:more
65:U.S.
63:557
3973:of
3778:of
845:of
752:of
699:of
630:of
579:III
524:of
428:557
400:296
386:(6
357:(7
259:in
4380::
426:,
380:73
351:48
252:.
4366:e
4359:t
4352:v
4341:.
497:e
490:t
483:v
111:.
82:1
76:)
70:(
68:1
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