1058:. For monopartite viruses, all genes are on the single segment of the genome. Multipartite viruses typically package their genomes into a single virion so that the whole genome is in one virus particle, and the separate segments contain different genes. Monopartite viruses are found in all Baltimore groups, whereas multipartite viruses are usually RNA viruses. This is because most multipartite viruses infect plants or fungi, which are eukaryotes, and most eukaryotic viruses are RNA viruses. The family
153:
619:
102:(RNA), the strandedness of the genome, which can be either single- or double-stranded, and the sense of a single-stranded genome, which is either positive or negative. The primary advantage of Baltimore classification is that by classifying viruses according to the aforementioned characteristics, viruses that behave in the same manner can be studied as distinct groups. There are seven Baltimore groups numbered with Roman numerals, listed hereafter.
1128:
978:
696:
1244:
86:. Since then, it has become common among virologists to use Baltimore classification alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. In 2018 and 2019, Baltimore classification was partially integrated into virus taxonomy based on evidence that certain groups were descended from common ancestors. Various realms, kingdoms, and phyla now correspond to specific Baltimore groups.
448:
788:, whereby a short sequence of host cell mRNA is taken and used as the 5′ cap of the viral mRNA. Genomic -ssRNA is replicated from the positive sense antigenome in a similar manner as transcription, except in reverse using the antigenome as a template for the genome. RdRp moves from the 3′-end to the 5′-end of the antigenome and ignores all transcription signals when synthesizing genomic -ssRNA.
1083:
animal and plant viruses, are RNA viruses, although eukaryotic DNA viruses are also common. By group, the vast majority of dsDNA viruses infect prokaryotes, ssDNA viruses are found in all three domains of life, dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses are primarily found in eukaryotes but also in bacteria, and -ssRNA and reverse transcribing viruses are only found in eukaryotes.
942:
genome in the cytoplasm, and the genome is replicated from these RNA strands. The dsDNA genome is produced from pregenomic RNA strands via the same general mechanism as ssRNA-RT viruses, but with replication occurring in a loop around the circular genome. After replication, the dsDNA genome may be packed or sent to the nucleus for further rounds of transcription.
807:-ssRNA viruses can be subdivided informally between those that have nonsegmented and segmented genomes. Nonsegmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm, and segmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the nucleus. During transcription, the RdRp produces one monocistronic mRNA strand from each segment of the genome. All -ssRNA viruses are classified in the phylum
3530:
7377:
239:
progressing in a loop around the circular genome is also common. Some dsDNA viruses use a strand displacement method whereby one strand is synthesized from a template strand, and a complementary strand is then synthesized from the prior synthesized strand, forming a dsDNA genome. Lastly, some dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called
722:+ssRNA viruses can be subdivided between those that have polycistronic mRNA, which encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved to form multiple mature proteins, and those that produce subgenomic mRNAs and therefore undergo two or more rounds of translation. +ssRNA viruses are included in three phyla in the kingdom
1118:
Alternative splicing differs from RNA editing in that alternative splicing does not change the mRNA sequence like RNA editing but instead changes the coding capacity of an mRNA sequence as a result of alternative splicing sites. The two mechanisms otherwise have the same result: multiple proteins are
1091:
Viral genomes may be either linear with ends or circular in a loop. Whether a virus has a linear or circular genome varies from group to group. A significant percentage of dsDNA viruses are both, ssDNA viruses are primarily circular, RNA viruses and ssRNA-RT viruses are typically linear, and dsDNA-RT
1017:
is a mechanism by which different proteins can be produced from a single gene by means of using alternative splicing sites to produce different mRNAs. It is found in various DNA, -ssRNA, and reverse transcribing viruses. Viruses may make use of alternative splicing solely to produce multiple proteins
803:
and then moves back in the RNA sequence with the mRNA to transcribe it again, continuing this process numerous times until hundreds of adenines have been added to the 3′-end of the mRNA. Additionally, some -ssRNA viruses are ambisense, as both the positive and negative strands separately encode viral
779:
The fifth
Baltimore group contains viruses that have a negative sense, single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genome. mRNA, which is positive sense, is transcribed directly from the negative sense genome. The first process for -ssRNA transcription involves RdRp binding to a leader sequence on the 3′ end of the
246:
dsDNA viruses can be subdivided between those that replicate in the nucleus, and as such are relatively dependent on host cell machinery for transcription and replication, and those that replicate in the cytoplasm, in which case they have evolved or acquired their own means of executing transcription
2389:
Krupovic M, Blomberg J, Coffin JM, Dasgupta I, Fan H, Geering AD, Gifford R, Harrach B, Hull R, Johnson W, Kreuze JF, Lindemann D, Llorens C, Lockhart B, Mayer J, Muller E, Olszewski NE, Pappu HR, Pooggin MM, Richert-Poggeler KR, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfacon H, Schoelz JE, Seal S, Stavolone L, Stoye JP,
941:
to create a complete dsDNA genome prior to transcription. dsDNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as dsDNA viruses, but make use of reverse transcription to replicate their circular genome while it is still in the capsid. The host cell's RNA polymerase II transcribes RNA strands from the
855:
Reverse transcribing (RT) viruses have genomes made of either DNA or RNA and replicate via reverse transcription. Two groups of reverse transcribing viruses exist: single-stranded RNA-RT (ssRNA-RT) viruses, and double-stranded DNA-RT (dsDNA-RT) viruses. Reverse transcribing viruses are classified in
1266:
From the 1990s to the 2010s, virus taxonomy used a 5-rank system ranging from order to species with
Baltimore classification used in conjunction. Outside of the ICTV's official framework, various supergroups of viruses joining different families and orders were created over time based on increasing
706:
The fourth
Baltimore group contains viruses that have a positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. For +ssRNA viruses, the genome functions as mRNA, so no transcription is required for translation. +ssRNA viruses will also, however, produce positive sense copies of the genome from negative
633:
dsRNA is not a molecule made by cells, so cellular life has evolved antiviral systems to detect and inactivate viral dsRNA. To counteract this, many dsRNA genomes are constructed inside of capsids, thereby avoiding detection inside of the host cell's cytoplasm. mRNA is forced out from the capsid in
238:
dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. Bidirectional replication, in which two replication forks are established at a replication origin site and move in opposite directions of each other, is widely used. A rolling circle mechanism that produces linear strands while
1231:
Ribosomal skipping: also called stop-carry on, used by various dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, a viral peptide, or amino acid sequence, may prevent a ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, which blocks further translation. Consequently, the polyprotein is co-translationally cleaved,
710:
Many +ssRNA viruses are able to have only a portion of their genome transcribed. Typically, subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) strands are used for translation of structural and movement proteins needed during intermediate and late stages of infection. sgRNA transcription may occur by commencing RNA synthesis
1082:
Different
Baltimore groups tend to be found within different branches of cellular life. In prokaryotes, the large majority of viruses are dsDNA viruses, and a significant minority are ssDNA viruses. Prokaryotic RNA viruses, in contrast, are relatively rare. Most eukaryotic viruses, including most
478:
that bonds to and cleaves the positive strand, allowing a DNA polymerase to use the negative strand as a template for replication. Replication progresses in a loop around the genome by means of extending the 3′-end of the positive strand, displacing the prior positive strand, and the endonuclease
1110:
RNA editing is used by various ssRNA viruses to produce different proteins from a single gene. This can be done via polymerase slippage during transcription or by post-transcriptional editing. In polymerase slippage, the RNA polymerase slips one nucleotide back during transcription, inserting a
872:
The sixth
Baltimore group contains viruses that have a (positive-sense) single-stranded RNA genome that has a DNA intermediate ((+)ssRNA-RT) in its replication cycle. ssRNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as DNA viruses, but their linear genomes are first converted to a dsDNA form
718:
Because the process of replicating the viral genome produces intermediate dsRNA molecules, +ssRNA viruses can be targeted by the host cell's immune system. To avoid detection, +ssRNA viruses replicate in membrane-associated vesicles that are used as replication factories. From there, only viral
1005:
A number of characteristics of viruses are not directly associated with
Baltimore classification but nonetheless closely correspond to multiple, specific Baltimore groups. This includes alternative splicing during transcription, whether the viral genome is segmented, the host range of viruses,
1169:
Viral initiation of translation: used primarily by +ssRNA and ssRNA-RT viruses, various viruses have evolved mechanisms to initiate translation, such as having internal ribosomal entry sites to allow for cap-independent translation, having downstream hairpin loops that allow for cap-dependent
497:
at each end of the genome that repeatedly unfold and refold during replication to change the direction of DNA synthesis to move back and forth along the genome, producing numerous copies of the genome in a continuous process. Individual genomes are then excised from this molecule by the viral
470:
upon entering a host cell. mRNA is then synthesized from the double-stranded form. The double-stranded form of ssDNA viruses may be produced either directly after entry into a cell or as a consequence of replication of the viral genome. Eukaryotic ssDNA viruses are replicated in the nucleus.
579:
RNA viruses have genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and comprise three groups: double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, and negative sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses. The majority of RNA viruses are classified in the kingdom
629:
The third
Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. After entering a host cell, the dsRNA genome is transcribed to mRNA from the negative strand by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The mRNA may be used for translation or replication.
512:
package both the positive and negative linear strands. In any case, the sense of ssDNA viruses, unlike for ssRNA viruses, is not sufficient to separate ssDNA viruses into two groups since all ssDNA viral genomes are converted to dsDNA forms prior to transcription and replication.
132:
of the viral genome, and viruses within each group typically share the manners by which the mRNA synthesis occurs. While not the direct focus of
Baltimore classification, groups are organized in such a manner that viruses in each group also typically have the same mechanisms of
1259:. It initially contained the first six groups but was later expanded to include group VII. Because of the utility of Baltimore classification, it has come to be used alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary relationships and governed by the
707:
sense strands of an intermediate dsRNA genome. This acts as both a transcription and a replication process since the replicated RNA is also mRNA. The 5′-end may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein, and the 3′-end may be naked or polyadenylated.
465:
The second
Baltimore group contains viruses that have a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. ssDNA viruses have the same manner of transcription as dsDNA viruses. Because the genome is single-stranded, however, it is first made into a double-stranded form by a
44:(mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of
1215:
Suppression of termination: also called stop-codon readthrough, used by various dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, certain viruses contain codons in their mRNA that would normally signal for termination of translation upon being recognized by a
1190:: used by various dsDNA, +ssRNA, -ssRNA, ssRNA-RT, a dsDNA-RT viruses, ribosomes will start scanning from a 5′-cap structure then bypass a leader structure in the mRNA, initiation translation downstream from the leader sequence.
176:
DNA viruses have genomes made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are organized into two groups: double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. They are assigned to four separate realms:
231:. Second, once the RNA polymerase is recruited, it uses the negative strand as a template for synthesizing mRNA strands. Third, the RNA polymerase terminates transcription upon reaching a specific signal, such as a
1184:: used by various viruses in all Baltimore groups, the 40S ribosomal subunit may scan through a start codon, thereby skipping an ORF, only initiating translation with the 60S subunit at a subsequent start codon.
507:
is the only ssDNA family whose members have negative sense genomes, which are circular. Parvoviruses, as previously mentioned, may package either the positive or negative sense strand into virions. Lastly,
1267:
evidence of deeper evolutionary relations. Consequently, in 2016, the ICTV began to consider establishing ranks higher than order as well as how the
Baltimore groups would be treated among higher taxa.
936:
The seventh Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA genome that has an RNA intermediate (dsDNA-RT) in its replication cycle. dsDNA-RT viruses have a gap in one strand, which is
1297:
Unlike RNA viruses and RT viruses, DNA viruses have not been united under a single realm but are instead dispersed across four realms and various taxa that are not assigned to a realm. The realms
1162:. Baltimore groups do not directly pertain to the translation of viral proteins, but various atypical types of translation used by viruses are usually found within specific Baltimore groups:
3562:
483:
into a circular loop. The new ssDNA may be packaged into virions or replicated by a DNA polymerase to form a double-stranded form for transcription or continuation of the replication cycle.
1224:
during translation, which allows for continued translation up to the next stop codon in order to produce an extended end of the viral protein. In viruses, this is often used to express
1339:
ssRNA-RT viruses are often called retroviruses, although this term is also used to refer to any reverse transcribing virus as well as specifically to viruses in the ssRNA-RT family
1111:
nucleotide not included in the template strand. Editing of a genomic template would impair gene expression, so RNA editing is only done during and after transcription. For
223:
The first Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. All dsDNA viruses have their mRNA synthesized in a three-step process. First, a
1038:
use it as a potential anti-host defense mechanism to prevent synthesis of specific antiviral proteins. Furthermore, in addition to alternative splicing, because cellular
893:
then transcribes RNA in the nucleus from the proviral DNA. Some of this RNA may become mRNA whereas other strands will become copies of the viral genome for replication.
646:
have not been observed to form virions and as such apparently lack capsids. Endornaviruses are also unusual in that unlike other RNA viruses, they possess a single, long
94:
Baltimore classification groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Characteristics directly related to this include whether the genome is made of
1193:
Termination-reinitiation: used by some dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, ribosomes may translate an ORF, but following termination of translation of that ORF, a proportion of
1274:
to species was established by the ICTV. As part of this, the Baltimore groups for RNA viruses and RT viruses were incorporated into formal taxa. In 2018, the realm
149:
membrane that surrounds the capsid, have no direct relation to Baltimore groups, nor do the groups necessarily show genetic relation based on evolutionary history.
711:
within the genome rather than from the 5′-end, by stopping RNA synthesis at specific sequences in the genome, or by, as a part of both prior methods, synthesizing
3555:
1260:
881:
enzyme synthesizes a DNA strand from the ssRNA strand, and the RNA strand is degraded and replaced with a DNA strand to create a dsDNA genome. The genome is then
1208:: used by various dsDNA, dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, produces merged proteins from overlapping ORFs. This is executed simply by ribosomes slipping one
7397:
634:
order to be translated or to be translocated from a mature capsid to a progeny capsid. While dsRNA viruses typically have capsids, viruses in the families
3548:
1194:
630:
Single-stranded mRNA is replicated to form the dsRNA genome. The 5′-end of the genome may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein.
1643:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for DNA viruses encoding vertical jelly roll-type major capsid proteins"
715:
from the viral RNA that are then attached to sgRNA strands. Because replication is required for sgRNA synthesis, RdRp is always translated first.
1064:
varies as some viruses are monopartite ssDNA while others are bipartite with one segment being ssDNA and the other dsDNA. Viruses in the ssDNA
1608:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal/primary taxonomic ranks, for dsDNA viruses encoding HK97-type major capsid proteins"
71:
and replication. Certain subjects pertaining to viruses are associated with multiple, specific Baltimore groups, such as specific forms of
498:
endonuclease. For parvoviruses, either the positive or negative sense strand may be packaged into capsids, varying from virus to virus.
224:
137:
the viral genome. Because of this, Baltimore classification provides insights into both the transcription and replication parts of the
7402:
3504:
3477:
3450:
3423:
3534:
1866:
474:
Most ssDNA viruses contain circular genomes that are replicated via rolling circle replication (RCR). ssDNA RCR is initiated by an
784:, continuing until a stop signal is reached. The second manner is similar but instead of synthesizing a cap, RdRp may make use of
780:
genome, transcribing a 5′ triphosphate-leader RNA that is capped, then stopping and restarting on a transcription signal which is
804:
proteins, and these viruses produce two separate mRNA strands: one directly from the genome and one from a complementary strand.
141:. Structural characteristics of a virus particle, called a virion, such as the shape of the viral capsid and the presence of a
2269:
712:
79:, which stores the viral genome, and the evolutionary history of viruses are not necessarily related to Baltimore groups.
247:
and replication. dsDNA viruses are also commonly divided between tailed dsDNA viruses, referring to members of the realm
480:
1054:
Viral genomes can exist in a single, or monopartite, segment, or they may be split into more than one molecule, called
5348:
516:
ssDNA viruses are classified into one of the four realms and include several families that are unassigned to a realm:
490:
75:
of mRNA and the host range of different types of viruses. Structural characteristics such as the shape of the viral
7367:
7092:
6597:
5671:
791:
Various -ssRNA viruses use special mechanisms for transcription. The manner of producing the polyA tail may be via
262:
dsDNA viruses are classified into three of the four realms and include many taxa that are unassigned to a realm:
240:
57:
1290:. Furthermore, the three Baltimore groups for RNA viruses are used as defining characteristics of the phyla in
501:
Nearly all ssDNA viruses have positive sense genomes, but a few exceptions and peculiarities exist. The family
3384:
Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Krupovic, Mart; Siddell, Stuart; Varsani, Arvind; Kuhn, Jens H. (15 October 2018).
2713:
Wolf YI, Kazlauskas D, Iranzo J, Lucia-Sanz A, Kuhn JH, Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Kooning EV (27 November 2018).
1232:
and a new amino acid sequence is started, leading to the production of two individual proteins from one ORF.
1205:
129:
68:
1018:
from a single pre-mRNA strand or for other specific purposes. For certain viruses, including the families
227:
binds to the DNA upstream of the site where transcription begins, allowing for the recruitment of a host
1151:
878:
874:
792:
95:
72:
45:
17:
5859:
3386:"Riboviria: establishing a single taxon that comprises RNA viruses at the basal rank of virus taxonomy"
6333:
1282:
was expanded to also include both RT groups. Within the realm, RT viruses are included in the kingdom
6910:
6432:
5627:
3906:
3575:
2775:
2632:
2284:
1132:
1014:
982:
34:
6729:
6397:
6340:
6312:
6284:
5954:
5638:
5569:
4829:
4822:
3913:
3871:
3864:
1982:
Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).
1734:
1733:
Harrison RL, Herniou EA, Jehle JA, Theilmann DA, Burand JP, Krell PJ, van Oers MM (28 August 2020).
1707:
Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).
1641:
Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).
1606:
Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).
6924:
6778:
6557:
6305:
6298:
5118:
4316:
3934:
3920:
3878:
3791:
53:
7016:
6967:
6917:
6896:
6347:
3857:
3385:
650:(ORF), or translatable portion, and a site-specific nick in the 5′ region of the positive strand.
6736:
5809:
5802:
4875:
4510:
4496:
4088:
3510:
3456:
2308:
1187:
1094:
647:
1671:
1670:
Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Wang F, Baquero DP, Egelman EH, Koonin EV, Prangishvili D (31 July 2020).
618:
152:
7032:
5991:
5866:
5845:
5738:
5394:
5052:
4694:
4257:
3850:
3777:
3500:
3473:
3446:
3419:
3366:
3310:
3025:
2803:
2744:
2662:
2610:
2542:
2421:
2300:
1984:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for realm Riboviria"
1862:
1140:
1136:
994:
986:
890:
601:
452:
413:
134:
64:
837:, whose members synthesize a cap structure on viral mRNA required for protein synthesis, and
7407:
6822:
6750:
6643:
6218:
6160:
6123:
5852:
5583:
5541:
5489:
5452:
5422:
5383:
5237:
5163:
5020:
4342:
4305:
4279:
4237:
4038:
4028:
3843:
3695:
3666:
3492:
3438:
3356:
3348:
3300:
3292:
3015:
3007:
2793:
2783:
2734:
2726:
2652:
2644:
2600:
2590:
2532:
2524:
2411:
2403:
2292:
1709:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for ssDNA viruses"
1271:
1026:
1020:
751:
682:
667:
243:
whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part of a host genome.
138:
99:
49:
1006:
whether the genome is linear or circular, and different methods of translating viral mRNA.
7282:
7153:
6988:
6936:
6849:
6805:
6794:
6632:
6484:
6425:
6249:
5970:
5900:
5788:
5771:
5706:
5303:
5258:
4979:
4486:
4268:
4179:
4099:
3995:
3253:
3215:
3189:
3163:
3043:
2968:
2133:
1319:
1252:
1127:
1060:
1031:
977:
898:
850:
809:
774:
760:
548:
302:
232:
83:
3337:"The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks"
2631:
Bamford DH, Pietilä MK, Roine E, Atanasova NS, Dienstbier A, Oksanen HM (December 2017).
1046:
contain their own proteins for exporting their unspliced genomic RNA out of the nucleus.
67:
the genome, so Baltimore classification is useful for grouping viruses together for both
2779:
2288:
695:
281:
are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm belong to two groups: tailed bacteriophages in
7381:
7325:
7303:
7271:
7236:
7142:
7107:
7043:
6886:
6875:
6838:
6680:
6564:
6454:
6383:
6373:
6134:
5926:
5889:
5795:
5590:
5174:
5147:
4794:
4783:
4687:
4652:
4645:
4631:
4624:
4573:
4545:
4475:
4464:
4429:
4213:
4016:
3885:
3822:
3756:
3734:
3656:
3496:
3442:
3361:
3336:
3020:
2995:
2798:
2763:
2739:
2714:
2657:
2605:
2578:
2537:
2512:
2416:
2391:
1217:
1181:
961:
951:
781:
642:
597:
467:
407:
377:
371:
359:
353:
345:
311:
228:
142:
3305:
3280:
2392:"Ortervirales: New Virus Order Unifying Five Families of Reverse-Transcribing Viruses"
7391:
7293:
7188:
7174:
7002:
6995:
6974:
6815:
6764:
6757:
6621:
6517:
6495:
6468:
6444:
6404:
6361:
6326:
6319:
6291:
6277:
6270:
6171:
6107:
6078:
6057:
6036:
6025:
6005:
5937:
5759:
5728:
5717:
5695:
5562:
5429:
5415:
5405:
5372:
5296:
5248:
5191:
5184:
5031:
4931:
4805:
4719:
4701:
4680:
4666:
4566:
4503:
4453:
4375:
4353:
4326:
4289:
4191:
4158:
4006:
3984:
3784:
3767:
3745:
3723:
3645:
3634:
2268:
Kuhn JH, Wolf YI, Krupovic M, Zhang YZ, Maes P, Dolja VV, Koonin EV (February 2019).
1070:
785:
736:
636:
582:
570:
533:
503:
433:
419:
401:
389:
340:
The following taxa that are unassigned to a realm exclusively contain dsDNA viruses:
289:
214:
185:
41:
3514:
3460:
2312:
1243:
156:
Visualization of the seven groups of virus according to the Baltimore Classification
7315:
7260:
7195:
7164:
7131:
6981:
6953:
6771:
6743:
6722:
6708:
6701:
6691:
6527:
6461:
6390:
6238:
6208:
6197:
6144:
6100:
6090:
6071:
6047:
5998:
5910:
5823:
5781:
5620:
5552:
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5510:
5500:
5310:
5226:
5137:
5108:
5096:
5086:
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5064:
5042:
5000:
4990:
4963:
4942:
4920:
4896:
4886:
4864:
4761:
4712:
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4659:
4638:
4407:
4385:
4363:
4230:
4132:
4120:
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4066:
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3962:
3927:
3833:
3685:
3540:
3296:
2762:
Yu C, Hernandez T, Zheng H, Yau SC, Huang HH, He RL, Yang J, Yau SS (22 May 2013).
1983:
1708:
1642:
1607:
1341:
1197:
remain attached to the mRNA as a way to reinitiate translation of a subsequent ORF.
1055:
1039:
990:
924:
745:
676:
539:
509:
475:
460:
427:
395:
383:
365:
315:
283:
218:
197:
191:
124:
Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate in their life cycle
447:
2788:
2595:
1278:
was established and initially included the three RNA virus groups. A year later,
1102:, viruses contain both linear and circular genomes, varying from genus to genus.
121:
Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate in their life cycle
7181:
6960:
6946:
6859:
6715:
6505:
6418:
6411:
6354:
6260:
6181:
6064:
5981:
5947:
5873:
5835:
5816:
5752:
5745:
5576:
5436:
5125:
4953:
4853:
4748:
4598:
4580:
4556:
4419:
4397:
4223:
4201:
4169:
4110:
3899:
3811:
3673:
3623:
3599:
2528:
1065:
1035:
699:
606:
330:
3489:
Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology
3435:
Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology
3335:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee (May 2020).
2296:
1676:) for classification of filamentous archaeal viruses with linear dsDNA genomes"
7053:
7009:
6903:
6664:
5473:
5463:
5215:
4815:
4142:
3892:
3352:
1209:
1112:
1043:
938:
486:
326:
7249:
7120:
6654:
6610:
5684:
5361:
5333:
4772:
3612:
3584:
1225:
882:
622:
588:
574:
494:
210:
179:
171:
3370:
3029:
3011:
2807:
2748:
2666:
2614:
2546:
2425:
2304:
3529:
3314:
2730:
2648:
2513:"Origins and Evolution of Viruses of Eukaryotes: The Ultimate Modularity"
2407:
1159:
886:
719:+ssRNA, which may be mRNA, enters the main cytoplasmic area of the cell.
334:
479:
cleaves the positive strand again to create a standalone genome that is
1175:
1174:
initiation factor, and initiation at a CUG or other start codon with a
1155:
796:
271:
7376:
1313:
exclusively contains dsDNA viruses, although some proposed members of
1309:
primarily contains ssDNA viruses but also contains dsDNA viruses, and
800:
593:
76:
3146:
3144:
3105:
3103:
3081:
2942:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2465:
2439:
2348:
2331:
2329:
2211:
2185:
2159:
2107:
2069:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2011:
1911:
1882:
1840:
1838:
1799:
1770:
1575:
1549:
1523:
1497:
1442:
3122:
2916:
2897:
2878:
2859:
2840:
2821:
2687:
1393:
825:
only contains -ssRNA viruses, so "-ssRNA virus" is synonymous with
63:
Baltimore classification also closely corresponds to the manner of
1242:
1126:
976:
694:
617:
446:
151:
146:
37:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
2577:
Sicard A, Michalakis Y, Gutierrez S, Blanc S (3 November 2016).
1221:
1171:
1030:, alternative splicing acts as a way to regulate early and late
7233:
7104:
6594:
5668:
5345:
4745:
3596:
3544:
945:
dsDNA-RT viruses are, like ssRNA-RT, all included in the class
932:
Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate
841:, whose members instead obtain caps on mRNA via cap snatching.
653:
dsRNA viruses are classified into two phyla within the kingdom
1144:
998:
1270:
In two votes in 2018 and 2019, a 15-rank system ranging from
1042:
cannot be transported out of the nucleus, hepadnaviruses and
868:
Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate
2390:
Teycheney PY, Tristem M, Koonin EV, Kuhn JH (15 June 2018).
1743:) for four families of arthropod-specific large DNA viruses"
1251:
Baltimore classification was proposed in 1971 by virologist
1115:, RNA editing improves the ability to adapt to their hosts.
82:
Baltimore classification was created in 1971 by virologist
2560:
2558:
2556:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2212:"Ambisense transcription in negative stranded RNA viruses"
2052:
2050:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1369:
1367:
1131:
Life cycle of some viruses classified by Baltimore group:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1202:
Non-canonical elongation and termination of translation:
981:
Structure of some viruses classified by Baltimore group:
60:
of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative.
885:
into the DNA of the host cell, where it is now called a
493:(RHR), which is similar to RCR. Parvovirus genomes have
255:, and tailless or non-tailed dsDNA viruses of the realm
3391:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1989:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1954:
1952:
1748:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1681:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1074:
likewise vary between being monopartite and bipartite.
2764:"Real Time Classification of Viruses in 12 Dimensions"
7365:
556:
is unassigned to a realm but is a proposed member of
489:
contain linear ssDNA genomes that are replicated via
1092:
viruses are typically circular. In the dsDNA family
691:
Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses
115:
Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses
7313:
7291:
7280:
7269:
7258:
7247:
7162:
7151:
7140:
7129:
7118:
7091:
7041:
7030:
6934:
6884:
6873:
6847:
6836:
6803:
6792:
6689:
6678:
6652:
6641:
6630:
6619:
6608:
6545:
6515:
6493:
6482:
6442:
6371:
6258:
6247:
6236:
6206:
6195:
6169:
6158:
6132:
6121:
6088:
6045:
6034:
6023:
5979:
5968:
5935:
5924:
5898:
5887:
5833:
5769:
5726:
5715:
5704:
5693:
5682:
5608:
5550:
5539:
5528:
5498:
5487:
5461:
5450:
5403:
5392:
5381:
5370:
5359:
5332:
5284:
5246:
5235:
5224:
5213:
5172:
5161:
5135:
5106:
5084:
5062:
5040:
5029:
5018:
4988:
4977:
4951:
4940:
4929:
4918:
4884:
4873:
4862:
4851:
4803:
4792:
4781:
4770:
4759:
4612:
4590:
4554:
4543:
4536:
4484:
4473:
4462:
4451:
4417:
4395:
4373:
4351:
4340:
4314:
4303:
4277:
4266:
4255:
4211:
4189:
4167:
4156:
4130:
4108:
4097:
4086:
4075:
4064:
4026:
4004:
3993:
3982:
3971:
3960:
3831:
3820:
3809:
3765:
3754:
3743:
3732:
3721:
3683:
3654:
3643:
3632:
3621:
3610:
3583:
2186:"Negative-stranded RNA virus polymerase stuttering"
949:. Two families of dsDNA-RT viruses are recognized:
769:
Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses
118:
Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses
27:
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
918:, which belongs to Group VII, all members of the
325:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm include
251:, usually the tailed bacteriophages of the order
128:Baltimore classification is chiefly based on the
3240:
3150:
3109:
3068:
2715:"Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome"
2495:
2335:
2041:
1943:
1857:Kerr J, Cotmore S, Bloom ME (25 November 2005).
1844:
1714:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1648:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1613:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1467:
270:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm infect
2579:"The Strange Lifestyle of Multipartite Viruses"
2270:"Classify viruses - the gain is worth the pain"
896:ssRNA-RT viruses are all included in the class
2633:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Pleolipoviridae"
1261:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
3556:
1394:"Viral replication/transcription/translation"
8:
2511:Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M (May 2015).
600:. Some of the latter category, such as the
2626:
2624:
2384:
2382:
2108:"Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription"
201:. Many have yet to be assigned to a realm.
7288:
7277:
7266:
7255:
7244:
7230:
7159:
7148:
7137:
7126:
7115:
7101:
7097:
7038:
6881:
6844:
6800:
6686:
6649:
6638:
6627:
6616:
6605:
6591:
6490:
6255:
6244:
6203:
6166:
6129:
6042:
6031:
5976:
5932:
5895:
5723:
5712:
5701:
5690:
5679:
5665:
5547:
5536:
5495:
5458:
5400:
5389:
5378:
5367:
5356:
5342:
5338:
5243:
5232:
5221:
5169:
5037:
5026:
4985:
4948:
4937:
4926:
4881:
4870:
4859:
4800:
4789:
4778:
4767:
4756:
4742:
4551:
4540:
4481:
4470:
4459:
4348:
4311:
4274:
4263:
4164:
4105:
4094:
4083:
4072:
4001:
3990:
3979:
3968:
3828:
3817:
3762:
3751:
3740:
3729:
3651:
3640:
3629:
3618:
3607:
3593:
3589:
3563:
3549:
3541:
2996:"Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses"
1794:
1792:
3470:Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses
3360:
3304:
3019:
2797:
2787:
2738:
2656:
2604:
2594:
2536:
2506:
2504:
2415:
2160:"Negative stranded RNA virus replication"
2012:"Positive stranded RNA virus replication"
2006:
2004:
1906:
1904:
1765:
1763:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1220:but are instead partially recognized by
965:, which is the sole family in the order
749:are +ssRNA viruses, excluding the class
52:(RNA), whether the genome is single- or
18:Positive-sense single stranded RNA virus
7372:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1912:"Double-stranded RNA virus replication"
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1665:
1663:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1373:
1363:
1332:
1212:forward or backward during translation.
2564:
2255:
2056:
1958:
1829:
1484:
1166:Non-canonical translation initiation:
1034:during different stages of infection.
614:Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses
112:Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses
2440:"dsDNA(RT) replication/transcription"
2349:"ssRNA(RT) replication/transcription"
1550:"DNA strand displacement replication"
443:Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses
109:Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses
7:
3281:"Expression of animal virus genomes"
2373:
2236:
2094:
1429:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1305:exclusively contains dsDNA viruses,
205:Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses
106:Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses
7398:Viruses by Baltimore classification
3487:Rampersad, S.; Tennant, P. (2018).
3260:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3222:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3196:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3170:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3129:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3088:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3050:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2975:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2949:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2923:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2904:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2885:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2866:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2847:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2828:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2694:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2472:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2446:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2355:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2218:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2192:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2166:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2140:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2114:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2076:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2018:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1918:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1889:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1806:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1777:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1582:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1556:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1530:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1504:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1449:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
1400:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
795:, during which RdRp transcribes an
755:, whose members have dsRNA genomes.
225:transcription preinitiation complex
3497:10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00003-6
3443:10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00002-4
2994:Firth AE, Brierley I (July 2012).
1524:"dsDNA rolling circle replication"
1257:Expression of Animal Virus Genomes
25:
3044:"Viral initiation of translation"
1498:"dsDNA bidirectional replication"
1170:translation in the absence of an
7375:
3528:
3416:Principles of Molecular Virology
3216:"RNA suppression of termination"
524:, all members except viruses in
1861:. CRC Press. pp. 171–185.
1443:"dsDNA templated transcription"
1286:and RNA viruses in the kingdom
592:. The exceptions are generally
3418:. Elsevier. pp. 122–127.
3297:10.1128/MMBR.35.3.235-241.1971
3164:"RNA termination-reinitiation"
2917:"Reverse-transcribing viruses"
2070:"Subgenomic RNA transcription"
1119:expressed from a single gene.
833:is divided into two subphyla:
604:, are classified in the realm
306:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in
1:
2898:"Negative strand RNA viruses"
2879:"Positive strand RNA viruses"
1800:"Rolling hairpin replication"
1158:are synthesized from mRNA by
955:, which belongs to the order
3491:. Elsevier. pp. 55–82.
3437:. Elsevier. pp. 35–46.
3241:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
3151:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
3110:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
3069:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
2789:10.1371/journal.pone.0064328
2596:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005819
2496:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
2336:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
2042:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
1944:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
1845:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
1468:Rampersad & Tennant 2018
1195:40S subunits of the ribosome
845:Reverse transcribing viruses
2860:"Double strand RNA viruses"
2841:"Single strand DNA viruses"
2822:"Double strand DNA viruses"
2529:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.039
1576:"Replicative transposition"
973:Multi-group characteristics
680:, all members of the class
491:rolling hairpin replication
7424:
2297:10.1038/d41586-019-00599-8
1739:)including one new order (
1087:Linear vs circular genomes
848:
772:
568:
458:
208:
169:
7403:Systems of virus taxonomy
7243:
7229:
7114:
7100:
6604:
6590:
5678:
5664:
5355:
5341:
4755:
4741:
3606:
3592:
3353:10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x
3190:"Ribosomal frameshifting"
873:through a process called
543:are ssDNA virus families.
241:replicative transposition
40:based on their manner of
3535:Baltimore classification
1154:is the process by which
531:The unassigned families
31:Baltimore classification
1735:"Create one new class (
1672:"Create one new realm (
1206:Ribosomal frameshifting
552:contain ssDNA genomes.
310:constitute two groups:
300:, members of the class
3012:10.1099/vir.0.042499-0
2466:"Alternative splicing"
1771:"ssDNA Rolling circle"
1248:
1148:
1002:
928:are ssRNA-RT viruses.
703:
626:
546:Viruses in the family
456:
157:
2731:10.1128/mBio.02329-18
2402:(12): e00515–e00518.
1323:, are ssDNA viruses.
1246:
1130:
980:
879:reverse transcriptase
875:reverse transcription
793:polymerase stuttering
698:
621:
450:
287:and herpesviruses in
155:
96:deoxyribonucleic acid
46:deoxyribonucleic acid
3576:virus classification
3537:at Wikimedia Commons
3468:Lostroh, P. (2019).
3408:General bibliography
3279:Baltimore D (1971).
3254:"Ribosomal skipping"
2943:"Sphaerolipoviridae"
2649:10.1099/jgv.0.000972
2408:10.1128/JVI.00515-18
1317:, namely the family
1098:, and in the family
1015:Alternative splicing
1010:Alternative splicing
33:is a system used to
6558:Permutotetraviridae
4317:Orthopolintovirales
3792:Malacoherpesviridae
3472:. Garland Science.
3433:Fermin, G. (2018).
3006:(Pt 7): 1385–1409.
2780:2013PLoSO...864328Y
2289:2019Natur.566..318K
2239:, pp. 154–156.
2097:, pp. 151–154.
1432:, pp. 122–127.
1050:Genome segmentation
764:are +ssRNA viruses.
740:are +ssRNA viruses.
702:are +ssRNA viruses.
4876:Malgrandaviricetes
4511:Sphaerolipoviridae
4497:Matshushitaviridae
4089:Nucleocytoviricota
1255:in a paper titled
1249:
1188:Ribosomal shunting
1149:
1095:Sphaerolipoviridae
1003:
889:. The host cell's
704:
686:are dsRNA viruses.
671:are dsRNA viruses.
648:open reading frame
627:
625:are dsRNA viruses.
528:are ssDNA viruses.
457:
455:is an ssDNA virus.
158:
56:, and whether the
7363:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7355:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7033:Yunchangviricetes
7026:
7025:
6869:
6868:
6832:
6831:
6788:
6787:
6674:
6673:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6478:
6477:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6191:
6190:
6154:
6153:
6117:
6116:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
5992:Carmotetraviridae
5964:
5963:
5920:
5919:
5883:
5882:
5867:Gammaflexiviridae
5860:Deltaflexiviridae
5846:Alphaflexiviridae
5739:Alphatetraviridae
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5483:
5482:
5446:
5445:
5395:Chrymotiviricetes
5328:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5157:
5156:
5053:Bacilladnaviridae
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
4973:
4972:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4695:Portogloboviridae
4608:
4607:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4336:
4335:
4299:
4298:
4258:Preplasmiviricota
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4152:
4151:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3851:Autographiviridae
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3778:Alloherpesviridae
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3533:Media related to
3414:Cann, A. (2015).
3243:, pp. 72–73.
3153:, pp. 74–75.
3123:"Ribosomal shunt"
3112:, pp. 73–74.
3071:, pp. 69–70.
2643:(12): 2916–2917.
2567:, pp. 35–46.
2498:, pp. 71–72.
2338:, pp. 63–64.
2283:(7744): 318–320.
2258:, pp. 45–46.
2059:, pp. 43–44.
2044:, pp. 64–65.
1847:, pp. 61–62.
1832:, pp. 40–41.
1487:, pp. 36–40.
1376:, pp. 11–13.
1327:Explanatory notes
891:RNA polymerase II
839:Polyploviricotina
602:hepatitis D virus
453:canine parvovirus
414:Portogloboviridae
16:(Redirected from
7415:
7380:
7379:
7371:
7289:
7278:
7267:
7256:
7245:
7237:dsDNA-RT viruses
7231:
7160:
7149:
7138:
7127:
7116:
7108:ssRNA-RT viruses
7102:
7098:
7039:
6882:
6850:Serpentovirales
6845:
6823:Orthomyxoviridae
6801:
6751:Peribunyaviridae
6687:
6650:
6644:Chunqiuviricetes
6639:
6628:
6617:
6606:
6598:(–)ssRNA viruses
6592:
6491:
6334:Nanghoshaviridae
6256:
6245:
6219:Botourmiaviridae
6204:
6167:
6161:Howeltoviricetes
6130:
6124:Amabiliviricetes
6043:
6032:
5977:
5933:
5896:
5853:Betaflexiviridae
5724:
5713:
5702:
5691:
5680:
5672:(+)ssRNA viruses
5666:
5584:Picobirnaviridae
5548:
5542:Duplopiviricetes
5537:
5496:
5490:Vidaverviricetes
5459:
5453:Resentoviricetes
5423:Megabirnaviridae
5401:
5390:
5384:Duplornaviricota
5379:
5368:
5357:
5343:
5339:
5244:
5238:Huolimaviricetes
5233:
5222:
5170:
5164:Repensiviricetes
5038:
5027:
5021:Cressdnaviricota
4986:
4949:
4938:
4927:
4882:
4871:
4860:
4801:
4790:
4779:
4768:
4757:
4743:
4552:
4541:
4482:
4471:
4460:
4349:
4343:Tectiliviricetes
4312:
4306:Polintoviricetes
4280:Priklausovirales
4275:
4264:
4238:Marseilleviridae
4165:
4106:
4095:
4084:
4073:
4039:Papillomaviridae
4029:Zurhausenvirales
4002:
3991:
3980:
3969:
3844:Ackermannviridae
3829:
3818:
3763:
3752:
3741:
3730:
3696:Tristromaviridae
3667:Lipothrixviridae
3652:
3641:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3594:
3590:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3532:
3518:
3483:
3464:
3429:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3082:"Leaky scanning"
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3023:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2725:(6): e02329-18.
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2660:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2589:(11): e1005819.
2574:
2568:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1962:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1638:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1390:
1377:
1371:
1346:
1337:
1027:Papillomaviridae
1021:Orthomyxoviridae
752:Duplopiviricetes
713:leader sequences
683:Duplopiviricetes
668:Duplornaviricota
312:papillomaviruses
139:viral life cycle
100:ribonucleic acid
50:ribonucleic acid
21:
7423:
7422:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7388:
7387:
7386:
7374:
7366:
7364:
7331:
7309:
7283:Revtraviricetes
7239:
7201:
7154:Revtraviricetes
7110:
7059:
7022:
6989:Paramyxoviridae
6937:Mononegavirales
6930:
6911:Crepuscuviridae
6865:
6828:
6806:Articulavirales
6795:Insthoviricetes
6784:
6670:
6633:Negarnaviricota
6600:
6570:
6533:
6511:
6485:Stelpaviricetes
6474:
6438:
6433:Polycipiviridae
6426:Dicistroviridae
6367:
6250:Pisoniviricetes
6224:
6187:
6150:
6113:
6084:
6011:
5971:Tolucaviricetes
5960:
5916:
5901:Amarillovirales
5879:
5829:
5789:Closteroviridae
5772:Martellivirales
5765:
5707:Kitrinoviricota
5674:
5644:
5628:Polymycoviridae
5596:
5516:
5479:
5442:
5351:
5316:
5304:Finnlakeviridae
5264:
5259:Pleolipoviridae
5197:
5153:
5131:
5102:
5080:
5058:
5006:
4980:Quintoviricetes
4969:
4902:
4835:
4751:
4725:
4604:
4586:
4516:
4487:Halopanivirales
4435:
4413:
4391:
4369:
4332:
4295:
4269:Maveriviricetes
4243:
4207:
4185:
4180:Phycodnaviridae
4148:
4126:
4100:Pokkesviricetes
4044:
4022:
3996:Papovaviricetes
3940:
3907:Rountreeviridae
3797:
3701:
3679:
3602:
3579:
3569:
3525:
3507:
3486:
3480:
3467:
3453:
3432:
3426:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3037:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2688:"Geminiviridae"
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2554:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2134:"Cap snatching"
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1965:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1320:Finnlakeviridae
1253:David Baltimore
1247:David Baltimore
1241:
1143:(group V), and
1125:
1108:
1100:Pleolipoviridae
1089:
1080:
1061:Pleolipoviridae
1052:
1032:gene expression
1012:
997:(group V), and
975:
947:Revtraviricetes
934:
920:Revtraviricetes
899:Revtraviricetes
870:
853:
851:Revtraviricetes
847:
835:Haploviricotina
831:Negarnaviricota
827:Negarnaviricota
823:Negarnaviricota
813:in the kingdom
810:Negarnaviricota
777:
775:Negarnaviricota
771:
761:Kitrinoviricota
758:All viruses in
743:All viruses in
734:All viruses in
693:
665:All viruses in
616:
598:subviral agents
577:
569:Main articles:
567:
554:Finnlakeviridae
549:Finnlakeviridae
526:Papovaviricetes
463:
445:
321:All viruses in
308:Papovaviricetes
303:Papovaviricetes
277:All viruses in
266:All viruses in
233:polyadenylation
221:
207:
174:
168:
163:
92:
84:David Baltimore
54:double-stranded
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7421:
7419:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7326:Caulimoviridae
7321:
7319:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7304:Hepadnaviridae
7299:
7297:
7286:
7275:
7272:Artverviricota
7264:
7253:
7241:
7240:
7234:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7170:
7168:
7157:
7146:
7143:Artverviricota
7135:
7124:
7112:
7111:
7105:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7049:
7047:
7044:Goujianvirales
7036:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6942:
6940:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6892:
6890:
6887:Jingchuvirales
6879:
6876:Monjiviricetes
6871:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6855:
6853:
6842:
6839:Milneviricetes
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6819:
6811:
6809:
6798:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6730:Leishbuviridae
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6697:
6695:
6684:
6681:Ellioviricetes
6676:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6660:
6658:
6647:
6636:
6625:
6614:
6602:
6601:
6595:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6565:Sarthroviridae
6561:
6549:
6547:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6523:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6501:
6499:
6488:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6455:Alvernaviridae
6450:
6448:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6398:Solinviviridae
6394:
6387:
6384:Picornaviridae
6379:
6377:
6374:Picornavirales
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6341:Nanhypoviridae
6337:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6313:Medioniviridae
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6285:Cremegaviridae
6281:
6274:
6266:
6264:
6253:
6242:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6214:
6212:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6177:
6175:
6164:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6140:
6138:
6135:Wolframvirales
6127:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6104:
6096:
6094:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6053:
6051:
6040:
6029:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5987:
5985:
5974:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5955:Sinhaliviridae
5951:
5943:
5941:
5930:
5927:Magsaviricetes
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5906:
5904:
5893:
5890:Flasuviricetes
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5841:
5839:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5796:Endornaviridae
5792:
5785:
5777:
5775:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5732:
5721:
5710:
5699:
5688:
5676:
5675:
5669:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5639:Botybirnavirus
5631:
5624:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5591:Partitiviridae
5587:
5580:
5573:
5570:Curvulaviridae
5566:
5558:
5556:
5545:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5506:
5504:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5469:
5467:
5456:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5411:
5409:
5398:
5387:
5376:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5254:
5252:
5241:
5230:
5219:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5178:
5175:Geplafuvirales
5167:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5148:Redondoviridae
5143:
5141:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5070:
5068:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5048:
5046:
5035:
5024:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4994:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4959:
4957:
4946:
4935:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4890:
4879:
4868:
4857:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4830:Plectroviridae
4826:
4823:Paulinoviridae
4819:
4811:
4809:
4798:
4795:Faserviricetes
4787:
4784:Hofneiviricota
4776:
4765:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4688:Polydnaviridae
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4653:Globuloviridae
4649:
4646:Fuselloviridae
4642:
4635:
4632:Bicaudaviridae
4628:
4625:Ampullaviridae
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4574:Hytrosaviridae
4570:
4562:
4560:
4549:
4546:Naldaviricetes
4538:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4490:
4479:
4476:Laserviricetes
4468:
4465:Dividoviricota
4457:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4430:Corticoviridae
4425:
4423:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4359:
4357:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4320:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4285:
4283:
4272:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4217:
4214:Pimascovirales
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4173:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4116:
4114:
4103:
4092:
4081:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4034:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4017:Polyomaviridae
4012:
4010:
3999:
3988:
3977:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3914:Salasmaviridae
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3886:Herelleviridae
3882:
3875:
3872:Drexlerviridae
3868:
3865:Demerecviridae
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3837:
3826:
3823:Caudoviricetes
3815:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3760:
3757:Herviviricetes
3749:
3738:
3735:Heunggongvirae
3727:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3660:
3657:Ligamenvirales
3649:
3638:
3627:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3524:
3523:External links
3521:
3520:
3519:
3506:978-0128112571
3505:
3484:
3479:978-0429664304
3478:
3465:
3452:978-0128112571
3451:
3430:
3425:978-0128019559
3424:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3376:
3347:(5): 668–674.
3320:
3291:(3): 235–241.
3271:
3245:
3233:
3207:
3181:
3155:
3140:
3114:
3099:
3073:
3061:
3035:
2986:
2960:
2934:
2813:
2754:
2705:
2679:
2620:
2569:
2552:
2500:
2483:
2457:
2431:
2378:
2376:, p. 156.
2366:
2340:
2325:
2260:
2241:
2229:
2203:
2177:
2151:
2125:
2099:
2087:
2061:
2046:
2029:
2000:
1963:
1948:
1929:
1900:
1883:"Bidnaviridae"
1874:
1867:
1849:
1834:
1817:
1788:
1759:
1737:Naldaviricetes
1725:
1692:
1659:
1624:
1593:
1567:
1541:
1515:
1489:
1472:
1460:
1434:
1411:
1378:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1218:release factor
1213:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1182:Leaky scanning
1179:
1124:
1121:
1107:
1104:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1051:
1048:
1011:
1008:
974:
971:
962:Hepadnaviridae
952:Caulimoviridae
933:
930:
916:Caulimoviridae
869:
866:
849:Main article:
846:
843:
773:Main article:
770:
767:
766:
765:
756:
741:
692:
689:
688:
687:
672:
643:Endornaviridae
615:
612:
566:
563:
562:
561:
544:
529:
468:DNA polymerase
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
423:
408:Polydnaviridae
378:Globuloviridae
372:Fuselloviridae
360:Bicaudaviridae
354:Ampullaviridae
349:
346:Naldaviricetes
338:
319:
316:polyomaviruses
294:
275:
229:RNA polymerase
206:
203:
170:Main article:
167:
164:
162:
161:Classification
159:
143:viral envelope
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
91:
88:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7420:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7369:
7328:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7294:Blubervirales
7290:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7232:
7228:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7189:Pseudoviridae
7186:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7175:Belpaoviridae
7172:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7090:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7004:
7003:Rhabdoviridae
7000:
6998:
6997:
6996:Pneumoviridae
6993:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6975:Mymonaviridae
6972:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6925:Natareviridae
6922:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6816:Amnoonviridae
6813:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6780:
6779:Wupedeviridae
6776:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6765:Phenuiviridae
6762:
6760:
6759:
6758:Phasmaviridae
6755:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6622:Orthornavirae
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6593:
6589:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6518:Stellavirales
6514:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6496:Patatavirales
6492:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6471:
6470:
6469:Solemoviridae
6466:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6445:Sobelivirales
6441:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6405:Caliciviridae
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6362:Tobaniviridae
6359:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6327:Mononiviridae
6324:
6322:
6321:
6320:Mesoniviridae
6317:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6306:Gresnaviridae
6303:
6301:
6300:
6299:Euroniviridae
6296:
6294:
6293:
6292:Coronaviridae
6289:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6278:Arteriviridae
6275:
6273:
6272:
6271:Abyssoviridae
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6172:Cryppavirales
6168:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6110:
6109:
6108:Steitzviridae
6105:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6079:Solspiviridae
6076:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6058:Atkinsviridae
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6037:Leviviricetes
6033:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6026:Lenarviricota
6022:
6008:
6007:
6006:Tombusviridae
6003:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5938:Nodamuvirales
5934:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5760:Matonaviridae
5757:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5729:Hepelivirales
5725:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5718:Alsuviricetes
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5696:Orthornavirae
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5663:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5563:Amalgaviridae
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5430:Quadriviridae
5427:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5416:Chrysoviridae
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5406:Ghabrivirales
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:Orthornavirae
5369:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5349:dsRNA viruses
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5297:Anelloviridae
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5249:Haloruvirales
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5194:
5193:
5192:Genomoviridae
5189:
5187:
5186:
5185:Geminiviridae
5182:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:Metaxyviridae
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5032:Arfiviricetes
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4932:Cossaviricota
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:Tubulavirales
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4749:ssDNA viruses
4744:
4740:
4722:
4721:
4720:Rhizidiovirus
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4702:Thaspiviridae
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:Plasmaviridae
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4667:Halspiviridae
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4567:Baculoviridae
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:Simuloviridae
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:Helvetiavirae
4450:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:Kalamavirales
4372:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4354:Belfryvirales
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4328:
4327:Adintoviridae
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4291:
4290:Lavidaviridae
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:Imitervirales
4188:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4159:Megaviricetes
4155:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4007:Sepolyvirales
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3985:Cossaviricota
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3937:
3936:
3935:Zobellviridae
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:Schitoviridae
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:Guelinviridae
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:Herpesviridae
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:Herpesvirales
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:Peploviricota
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:Duplodnaviria
3720:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:Tokiviricetes
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:Taleaviricota
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:dsDNA viruses
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:Nat Microbiol
3338:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3285:Bacteriol Rev
3282:
3275:
3272:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2974:
2970:
2969:"RNA editing"
2964:
2961:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2922:
2918:
2903:
2899:
2884:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:(5): e64328.
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1961:, p. 42.
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1946:, p. 65.
1945:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1868:9781444114782
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1726:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:, p. 66.
1469:
1464:
1461:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Duplodnaviria
1300:
1295:
1293:
1292:Orthornavirae
1289:
1288:Orthornavirae
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:ebola viruses
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:Geminiviridae
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:unspliced RNA
1037:
1036:Herpesviruses
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
972:
970:
968:
967:Blubervirales
964:
963:
958:
954:
953:
948:
943:
940:
931:
929:
927:
926:
921:
917:
913:
910:of the realm
909:
905:
904:Arterviricota
901:
900:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
867:
865:
863:
860:in the realm
859:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:in the realm
816:
815:Orthornavirae
812:
811:
805:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
786:cap snatching
783:
776:
768:
763:
762:
757:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
739:
738:
737:Lenarviricota
733:
732:
731:
729:
726:in the realm
725:
724:Orthornavirae
720:
716:
714:
708:
701:
700:Coronaviruses
697:
690:
685:
684:
679:
678:
673:
670:
669:
664:
663:
662:
660:
657:of the realm
656:
655:Orthornavirae
651:
649:
645:
644:
639:
638:
637:Amalgaviridae
631:
624:
620:
613:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
586:in the realm
585:
584:
583:Orthornavirae
576:
572:
571:Orthornavirae
564:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
542:
541:
536:
535:
534:Anelloviridae
530:
527:
523:
519:
518:
517:
514:
511:
506:
505:
504:Anelloviridae
499:
496:
495:hairpin loops
492:
488:
484:
482:
477:
472:
469:
462:
454:
449:
442:
436:
435:
434:Rhizidiovirus
430:
429:
424:
422:
421:
420:Thaspiviridae
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
403:
402:Plasmaviridae
398:
397:
392:
391:
390:Halspiviridae
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
348:
347:
342:
341:
339:
336:
332:
331:giant viruses
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
292:
291:
290:Herpesvirales
286:
285:
280:
279:Duplodnaviria
276:
273:
269:
265:
264:
263:
260:
258:
254:
250:
249:Duplodnaviria
244:
242:
236:
234:
230:
226:
220:
216:
215:Duplodnaviria
212:
204:
202:
200:
199:
194:
193:
188:
187:
186:Duplodnaviria
182:
181:
173:
165:
160:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
130:transcription
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
103:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
69:transcription
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:messenger RNA
39:
36:
32:
19:
7324:
7316:Ortervirales
7314:
7302:
7292:
7281:
7270:
7261:Pararnavirae
7259:
7248:
7196:Retroviridae
7194:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7165:Ortervirales
7163:
7152:
7141:
7132:Pararnavirae
7130:
7119:
7052:
7042:
7031:
7017:Xinmoviridae
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6982:Nyamiviridae
6980:
6973:
6968:Lispiviridae
6966:
6959:
6954:Bornaviridae
6952:
6945:
6935:
6923:
6918:Myriaviridae
6916:
6909:
6902:
6897:Aliusviridae
6895:
6885:
6874:
6858:
6848:
6837:
6821:
6814:
6804:
6793:
6777:
6772:Tospoviridae
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6744:Nairoviridae
6742:
6735:
6728:
6723:Hantaviridae
6721:
6714:
6709:Arenaviridae
6707:
6702:Cruliviridae
6700:
6692:Bunyavirales
6690:
6679:
6663:
6653:
6642:
6631:
6620:
6609:
6563:
6556:
6552:
6528:Astroviridae
6526:
6516:
6504:
6494:
6483:
6467:
6462:Barnaviridae
6460:
6453:
6443:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6391:Marnaviridae
6389:
6382:
6372:
6360:
6353:
6348:Olifoviridae
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6259:
6248:
6239:Pisuviricota
6237:
6217:
6209:Ourlivirales
6207:
6198:Miaviricetes
6196:
6180:
6170:
6159:
6145:Narnaviridae
6143:
6133:
6122:
6106:
6101:Blumeviridae
6099:
6091:Timlovirales
6089:
6077:
6072:Fiersviridae
6070:
6063:
6056:
6048:Norzivirales
6046:
6035:
6024:
6004:
5999:Luteoviridae
5997:
5990:
5980:
5969:
5953:
5946:
5936:
5925:
5911:Flaviviridae
5909:
5899:
5888:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5834:
5824:Virgaviridae
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5782:Bromoviridae
5780:
5770:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5727:
5716:
5705:
5694:
5683:
5637:
5633:
5626:
5621:Birnaviridae
5619:
5615:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5553:Durnavirales
5551:
5540:
5531:Pisuviricota
5529:
5511:Cystoviridae
5509:
5501:Mindivirales
5499:
5488:
5472:
5462:
5451:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5404:
5393:
5382:
5371:
5360:
5311:Spiraviridae
5309:
5302:
5295:
5291:
5257:
5247:
5236:
5227:Saleviricota
5225:
5214:
5190:
5183:
5173:
5162:
5146:
5138:Recrevirales
5136:
5124:
5117:
5109:Mulpavirales
5107:
5097:Smacoviridae
5095:
5087:Cremevirales
5085:
5075:Circoviridae
5073:
5065:Cirlivirales
5063:
5051:
5043:Baphyvirales
5041:
5030:
5019:
5001:Parvoviridae
4999:
4991:Piccovirales
4989:
4978:
4964:Bidnaviridae
4962:
4952:
4943:Mouviricetes
4941:
4930:
4921:Shotokuvirae
4919:
4897:Microviridae
4895:
4887:Petitvirales
4885:
4874:
4865:Phixviricota
4863:
4852:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4804:
4793:
4782:
4771:
4762:Monodnaviria
4760:
4718:
4713:Dinodnavirus
4711:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4674:Ovaliviridae
4672:
4665:
4660:Guttaviridae
4658:
4651:
4644:
4639:Clavaviridae
4637:
4630:
4623:
4619:
4597:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4555:
4544:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4485:
4474:
4463:
4452:
4428:
4418:
4408:Adenoviridae
4406:
4396:
4386:Tectiviridae
4384:
4374:
4364:Turriviridae
4362:
4352:
4341:
4325:
4315:
4304:
4288:
4278:
4267:
4256:
4236:
4231:Iridoviridae
4229:
4222:
4212:
4200:
4190:
4178:
4168:
4157:
4141:
4133:Chitovirales
4131:
4121:Asfarviridae
4119:
4109:
4098:
4087:
4078:Bamfordvirae
4076:
4067:Varidnaviria
4065:
4037:
4027:
4015:
4005:
3994:
3983:
3974:Shotokuvirae
3972:
3963:Monodnaviria
3961:
3933:
3928:Siphoviridae
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3858:Chaseviridae
3856:
3849:
3842:
3834:Caudovirales
3832:
3821:
3810:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3766:
3755:
3744:
3733:
3722:
3694:
3686:Primavirales
3684:
3672:
3665:
3655:
3644:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3571:
3488:
3469:
3434:
3415:
3393:. Retrieved
3379:
3344:
3340:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3219:
3210:
3198:. Retrieved
3193:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3167:
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2073:
2064:
2020:. Retrieved
2015:
1991:. Retrieved
1920:. Retrieved
1915:
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1886:
1877:
1859:Parvoviruses
1858:
1852:
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1446:
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1402:. Retrieved
1397:
1374:Lostroh 2019
1342:Retroviridae
1340:
1335:
1318:
1315:Varidnaviria
1314:
1311:Varidnaviria
1310:
1307:Monodnaviria
1306:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1284:Pararnavirae
1283:
1279:
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1269:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1150:
1139:(group IV),
1117:
1109:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1081:
1069:
1059:
1056:multipartite
1053:
1044:retroviruses
1025:
1019:
1013:
1004:
993:(group IV),
989:(group IV),
966:
960:
957:Ortervirales
956:
950:
946:
944:
935:
925:Ortervirales
923:
919:
915:
914:. Excluding
911:
908:Pararnavirae
907:
903:
897:
895:
877:. The viral
871:
861:
858:Pararnavirae
857:
856:the kingdom
854:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
808:
806:
790:
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759:
750:
746:Pisuviricota
744:
735:
727:
723:
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709:
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675:
666:
658:
654:
652:
641:
635:
632:
628:
605:
587:
581:
578:
558:Varidnaviria
557:
553:
547:
540:Spiraviridae
538:
532:
525:
522:Monodnaviria
521:
515:
510:bidnaviruses
502:
500:
487:Parvoviruses
485:
476:endonuclease
473:
464:
461:Monodnaviria
432:
428:Dinodnavirus
426:
418:
412:
406:
400:
396:Ovaliviridae
394:
388:
384:Guttaviridae
382:
376:
370:
366:Clavaviridae
364:
358:
352:
344:
327:adenoviruses
323:Varidnaviria
322:
307:
301:
298:Monodnaviria
297:
288:
284:Caudovirales
282:
278:
267:
261:
257:Varidnaviria
256:
253:Caudovirales
252:
248:
245:
237:
222:
219:Varidnaviria
198:Varidnaviria
196:
192:Monodnaviria
190:
184:
178:
175:
127:
93:
81:
62:
30:
29:
7182:Metaviridae
6961:Filoviridae
6947:Artoviridae
6860:Aspiviridae
6737:Mypoviridae
6716:Fimoviridae
6506:Potyviridae
6419:Secoviridae
6412:Iflaviridae
6355:Roniviridae
6261:Nidovirales
6182:Mitoviridae
6065:Duinviridae
5982:Tolivirales
5948:Nodaviridae
5874:Tymoviridae
5836:Tymovirales
5817:Togaviridae
5810:Mayoviridae
5803:Kitaviridae
5753:Hepeviridae
5746:Benyviridae
5577:Hypoviridae
5437:Totiviridae
5126:Nanoviridae
4954:Polivirales
4854:Sangervirae
4599:Nimaviridae
4581:Nudiviridae
4557:Lefavirales
4420:Vinavirales
4398:Rowavirales
4224:Ascoviridae
4202:Mimiviridae
4170:Algavirales
4111:Asfuvirales
3900:Podoviridae
3812:Uroviricota
3674:Rudiviridae
3624:Zilligvirae
3000:J Gen Virol
2637:J Gen Virol
2583:PLOS Pathog
2565:Fermin 2018
2256:Fermin 2018
2057:Fermin 2018
1959:Fermin 2018
1830:Fermin 2018
1741:Lefavirales
1485:Fermin 2018
1178:amino acid.
1152:Translation
1135:(group I),
1123:Translation
1106:RNA editing
1066:plant virus
1001:(group VI)
985:(group I),
623:Rotaviruses
607:Ribozyviria
565:RNA viruses
166:DNA viruses
135:replicating
73:translation
65:replicating
7392:Categories
7054:Yueviridae
7010:Sunviridae
6904:Chuviridae
6665:Qinviridae
6546:Unassigned
5609:Unassigned
5474:Reoviridae
5464:Reovirales
5285:Unassigned
5216:Trapavirae
4816:Inoviridae
4613:Unassigned
4591:Unassigned
4537:Unassigned
4143:Poxviridae
3893:Myoviridae
1353:References
1210:nucleobase
1147:(group VI)
1078:Host range
906:, kingdom
883:integrated
596:and other
459:See also:
351:Families:
335:poxviruses
209:See also:
7250:Riboviria
7121:Riboviria
6655:Muvirales
6611:Riboviria
5685:Riboviria
5362:Riboviria
4773:Loebvirae
3613:Adnaviria
3572:Baltimore
3258:ViralZone
3220:ViralZone
3194:ViralZone
3168:ViralZone
3127:ViralZone
3086:ViralZone
3048:ViralZone
2973:ViralZone
2947:ViralZone
2921:ViralZone
2902:ViralZone
2883:ViralZone
2864:ViralZone
2845:ViralZone
2826:ViralZone
2692:ViralZone
2470:ViralZone
2444:ViralZone
2374:Cann 2015
2353:ViralZone
2237:Cann 2015
2216:ViralZone
2190:ViralZone
2164:ViralZone
2138:ViralZone
2112:ViralZone
2095:Cann 2015
2074:ViralZone
2016:ViralZone
1916:ViralZone
1887:ViralZone
1804:ViralZone
1775:ViralZone
1674:Adnaviria
1580:ViralZone
1554:ViralZone
1528:ViralZone
1502:ViralZone
1447:ViralZone
1430:Cann 2015
1398:ViralZone
1358:Citations
1299:Adnaviria
1280:Riboviria
1276:Riboviria
1226:replicase
1160:ribosomes
912:Riboviria
902:, phylum
862:Riboviria
819:Riboviria
728:Riboviria
659:Riboviria
589:Riboviria
575:RNA virus
343:Classes:
268:Adnaviria
211:Adnaviria
180:Adnaviria
172:DNA virus
98:(DNA) or
48:(DNA) or
6553:Families
5616:Families
5292:Families
4620:Families
3515:90170103
3461:89706800
3395:6 August
3371:32341570
3264:6 August
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2870:6 August
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2832:6 August
2808:23717598
2768:PLOS ONE
2749:30482837
2698:6 August
2672:6 August
2667:29125455
2615:27812219
2547:25771806
2523:: 2–25.
2517:Virology
2476:6 August
2450:6 August
2426:29618642
2359:6 August
2318:6 August
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2305:30787460
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1404:6 August
1263:(ICTV).
1228:enzymes.
1156:proteins
939:repaired
887:provirus
425:Genera:
90:Overview
35:classify
7408:Viruses
7382:Viruses
3362:7186216
3315:4329869
3021:3542737
2799:3661469
2776:Bibcode
2740:6282212
2658:5882103
2606:5094692
2538:5898234
2417:5974489
2396:J Virol
2285:Bibcode
1239:History
1176:leucine
1068:family
797:adenine
594:viroids
481:ligated
272:archaea
38:viruses
7368:Portal
5634:Genera
4708:Genera
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1712:(docx)
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1679:(docx)
1646:(docx)
1611:(docx)
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801:uracil
782:capped
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235:site.
217:, and
195:, and
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3511:S2CID
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999:HIV-1
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147:lipid
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3447:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3397:2020
3367:PMID
3311:PMID
3266:2020
3228:2020
3202:2020
3176:2020
3135:2020
3094:2020
3056:2020
3026:PMID
2981:2020
2955:2020
2929:2020
2910:2020
2891:2020
2872:2020
2853:2020
2834:2020
2804:PMID
2745:PMID
2719:mBio
2700:2020
2674:2020
2663:PMID
2611:PMID
2543:PMID
2478:2020
2452:2020
2422:PMID
2361:2020
2320:2020
2301:PMID
2224:2020
2198:2020
2172:2020
2146:2020
2120:2020
2082:2020
2024:2020
1995:2020
1924:2020
1895:2020
1863:ISBN
1812:2020
1783:2020
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1687:2021
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1562:2020
1536:2020
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1406:2020
1301:and
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