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vesicle containing v-SNARE docks at the porosome base containing t-SNARE, membrane continuity (ring complex) is formed between the two. The size of the t/v-SNARE complex is directly proportional to the size of the vesicle. These vesicles contain dehydrated proteins (non-active) which are activated once they are hydrated. GTP is required for the transport of water through the water channels or
Aquaporins, and ions through ion channels to hydrate the vesicle. Once the vesicle fuses at the porosome base, the contents of the vesicle at high pressure are ejected from the cell.
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microscopy, demonstrate increased presence of partially empty vesicles following secretion. This suggested that during the secretory process, only a portion of the vesicular contents are able to exit the cell. This could only be possible if the vesicle were to temporarily establish continuity with the cell plasma membrane, expel a portion of its contents, then detach, reseal, and withdraw into the cytosol (endocytose). In this way, the secretory vesicle could be reused for subsequent rounds of exo-endocytosis, until completely empty of its contents.
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with the cell membrane. Once the vesicles have docked with the SNARE proteins, they swell, which increases their internal pressure. They then transiently fuse at the base of the porosome, and these pressurized contents are ejected from the cell. Examination of cells following secretion using electron
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Porosomes vary in size depending on the cell type. Porosome in the exocrine pancreas and in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells range from 100 nm to 180 nm in diameter while in neurons they range from 10 nm to 15 nm (about 1/10 the size of pancreatic porosomes). When a secretory
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or continuity for the release of intravesicular contents from the cell. After secretion is complete, the fusion pore temporarily formed at the base of the porosome is sealed. Porosomes are few nanometers in size and contain many different types of protein, especially chloride and calcium channels,
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Generally, the porosomes are opened and closed by actin, however, neurons require a fast response therefore they have central plugs that open to release contents and close to stop the release (the composition of the central plug is yet to be discovered). Porosomes have been demonstrated to be the
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universal secretory machinery in cells. The neuronal porosome proteome has been solved, providing the possible molecular architecture and the complete composition of the machinery.
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The porosome was discovered in the early to mid-1990s by a team led by
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NanoCellBiology of
Secretion. Imaging its cellular and molecular underpinnings
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120:"Discovery of the 'porosome'; the universal secretory machinery in cells"
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Walter F. Boron, Emile L. Boulpaep (2017). ""Search: Porosome"".
353:"Neuronal porosome proteome: Molecular dynamics and architecture"
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http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/reprint/176/2/169.pdf
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Lee JS, Jeremic A, Shin L, Cho WJ, Chen X, Jena BP (2012).
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Jena Lab at Wayne State
University School of Medicine
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Molecular
Machinery & Mechanism of Cell Secretion
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169:"Fusion pore or porosome: structure and dynamics"
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322:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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16:Structure in eukaryotic cell membrane
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533:Integral membrane proteins
413:(3rd ed.). Elsevier.
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338:"Unsupported Browser"
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562:Caveolae/Coated pits
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82:History of discovery
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587:Membrane nanotubes
472:Structures of the
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214:J. Cell. Mol. Med
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627:Categories
572:Glycocalyx
309:2010-02-21
102:References
42:eukaryotic
612:Porosomes
54:secretion
34:Porosomes
387:22659300
318:cite web
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
