459:. Morris had visited the re-location site, just northwest of the original Mt. Augustus site, where the original soil and vegetation from Mt. Augustus had been transferred to. He observed that larger trees had died and introduced weed species such as gorse and rushes had invaded. Morris stated, "The once complex mosaic of dense, low sub-alpine scrub and deep undisturbed litter has gone." However, 1600 snails had been translocated from Hokitika to the re-created site. Another 2300 snails had been moved to two sites at Mt Rochfort. At each site, 50 snails were tagged with transponders, and these snails had a 30% rate of mortality after 18 months. Morris noted that Landcare Research considered that the snail populations would not survive that rate of mortality.
38:
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obtained a declaration in
December 2005 from the High Court requiring Solid Energy to get permission from the Minister of Conservation and the Minister of Energy for the translocation, as well as any transfer of heavy machinery, and any impact on habitat. Permission was granted in April 2006 for this
294:, their entire habitat was destroyed by coal mining. The world population was taken into captivity, in theory until their habitat was restored and they could be released. The mining company concerned went bankrupt and habitat restoration has been unsuccessful, so the species' future is uncertain.
395:
species are estimated to be fewer than 500, and their existing habitat covers 3 to 4 hectares (7.4 to 9.9 acres). The
Wildlife Permit granted allowed Solid Energy to mine 96% of this area. There was also concern over the destruction of
441:
A further 20 snails collected from the ridgeline of the mine site were also released about 800 metres (2,600 ft) from where they were found into an area of the
Stockton Plateau that will not be mined.
391:, in part because of significant doubts as to whether the translocation would succeed, and the lack of guarantee that this measure would protect the species from extinction. The numbers of this
717:
491:
Trewick, Steven; Kath J. Walker; Corina J. Jordan (20 January 2008). "Taxonomic and conservation status of a newly discovered giant landsnail from Mount
Augustus, New Zealand".
800:
Boyer S., Wratten S. D., Holyoake A., Abdelkrim J. & Cruickshank R. H. (2013). "Using Next-Generation
Sequencing to Analyse the Diet of a Highly Endangered Land Snail (
760:
Nature conservation organisation Forest & Bird is devastated that 800 native giant land snails from the West Coast have died in a
Department of Conservation fridge.
369:). Solid Energy, whose past mining activities had already significantly reduced the species' habitat, planned to mine the skyline ridge that included Mount Augustus.
970:
329:
was unaware of its existence until 2004. Department of
Conservation scientists initially thought that there appeared to be fewer than 1,000 of these snails.
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627:'One of 20 relocated snails found eaten', 19 December 2006, Stuff.co.nz, Fairfax Media NZ Ltd, original url www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/3904065a6013.html
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On 8 January 2007 the
Department of Conservation announced plans to release another 200 snails back into the wild at Stockton open-cast mine.
1049:
1039:
388:
1006:
479:
Powelliphanta augusta, a new species of land snail, with a description of its former habitat, Stockton coal plateau, New
Zealand
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In April 2010, a
Department of Conservation officer reported that 1552 snails were still held in refrigerators in Hokitika.
530:
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In May 2005 Solid Energy sought a permit from the New Zealand Department of Conservation to translocate some
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The eggs are between 5 and 6 millimetres (0.20 and 0.24 in) in diameter, with a calcium shell.
376:"Augustus", but they intended to begin mining regardless of whether the permit was granted or not.
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In early December 2006, twenty snails removed from Solid Energy's opencast mine expansion at
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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This was condemned by Forest and Bird, by the Save Happy Valley Coalition and by the
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605:(Press release). Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 12 April 2006. Archived from
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314:, which has since been removed by mining operations of the state-owned company
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In November 2011, 800 snails died in a Department of Conservation fridge.
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were released back into the wild. By late December 2006, one of the 20
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From 2004, plans by Solid Energy to destroy the main habitat of the
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Walker K. J., Trewick S. A. & Barker G. M. (September) 2008.
310:. It was found only on the Mount Augustus ridgeline northeast of
401:
856:
481:. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 38(3): 163–186.
31:
569:(Press release). NZ Government press release. 12 April 2006.
583:(Press release). Save Happy Valley Coalition. 12 April 2006
321:
The species was first discovered in 1996 by members of the
365:"Augustus" while mining for coal caused controversy (see
773:"DOC Accidentally Kills 800 Rare Powelliphantia Snails"
728:. The Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society: 14–18
865:
750:(Press release). Forest and Bird. 10 November 2011
691:"Dam solution cold comfort for endangered snails"
567:"Permits approved to move Mt Augustus snails"
552:New Zealand Threatened Species Classification
8:
853:
748:"Snail fridge deaths an avoidable tragedy"
603:"Snails sold out by State to Solid Energy"
80:
69:
581:"Carter signs off on species extinction"
555:Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
381:Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society
351:New Zealand Threat Classification System
639:"At least one rare snail eaten at mine"
470:
451:In August 2010, Rod Morris reported in
533:from the original on 28 November 2010
7:
986:6e267d09-f69a-4741-812e-52264b793651
527:"High risk land snail translocation"
250:, previously provisionally known as
665:"Another 200 snails to be released"
804:) Feeding on Endemic Earthworms".
529:. TerraNature Inc. 12 April 2006.
217:Walker, Trewick & Barker, 2008
25:
18:Powelliphanta "Augustus"
824:
325:Botanical Society, however, the
105:
36:
1045:Endemic molluscs of New Zealand
400:habitat by the mining company
282:. Naturally occurring only on
1:
689:Chug, Kiran (10 April 2010).
1050:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
1040:Gastropods described in 2008
819:10.1371/journal.pone.0075962
438:snails had been found dead.
718:"An unfortunate experiment"
716:Morris, Rod (August 2010).
1066:
367:Save Happy Valley Campaign
327:Department of Conservation
637:NZPA (18 December 2006).
505:10.1007/s10592-007-9495-8
345:The species is listed as
229:
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207:
200:
102:Scientific classification
100:
88:
79:
72:
45:This article needs to be
663:NZPA (8 January 2007).
306:to the South Island of
697:. Fairfax Media NZ Ltd
643:The New Zealand Herald
427:
258:of large, carnivorous
897:Powelliphanta augusta
867:Powelliphanta augusta
837:Powelliphanta augusta
831:Powelliphanta augusta
802:Powelliphanta augusta
493:Conservation Genetics
425:Powelliphanta augusta
423:
243:Powelliphanta augusta
211:Powelliphanta augusta
91:Powelliphanta augusta
74:Powelliphanta augusta
384:translocation plan.
248:Mount Augustus snail
27:Species of gastropod
844:Critter of the Week
347:Nationally Critical
341:Conservation status
779:. 10 November 2011
669:New Zealand Herald
428:
1022:
1021:
994:Open Tree of Life
859:Taxon identifiers
695:The Dominion Post
455:on the status of
357:Mining of habitat
290:on New Zealand's
254:"Augustus", is a
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95:Waimangaroa River
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848:12 October 2018
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302:The species is
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193:P. augusta
159:Stylommatophora
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93:from the upper
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202:Binomial name
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648:12 September
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316:Solid Energy
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298:Distribution
292:South Island
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958:iNaturalist
891:Wikispecies
783:10 November
754:10 November
613:30 December
499:(6): 1563.
457:P. augustus
389:Green Party
333:Description
308:New Zealand
264:terrestrial
234:"Augustus"
1029:Categories
466:References
410:Golden Bay
280:Rhytididae
260:land snail
169:Rhytididae
149:Gastropoda
732:29 August
537:28 August
270:gastropod
267:pulmonate
187:Species:
125:Kingdom:
119:Eukaryota
57:July 2020
937:10591126
882:Q4047290
876:Wikidata
807:PLoS ONE
531:Archived
513:12319276
432:Stockton
312:Westport
288:Westport
224:Synonyms
165:Family:
139:Mollusca
135:Phylum:
129:Animalia
115:Domain:
999:5758768
976:1453871
950:7489129
349:on the
304:endemic
275:in the
273:mollusc
256:species
246:or the
175:Genus:
155:Order:
145:Class:
89:A live
47:updated
1012:821434
983:NZOR:
963:409533
911:653414
701:15 May
674:15 May
511:
323:Nelson
277:family
1007:WoRMS
924:4M88H
777:Stuff
587:5 May
509:S2CID
408:, in
286:near
971:NCBI
945:GBIF
906:BOLD
785:2011
756:2011
734:2010
703:2010
676:2010
650:2011
615:2006
589:2008
539:2010
402:OMYA
379:The
262:, a
932:EoL
919:CoL
841:RNZ
815:doi
726:337
501:doi
404:on
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