62:
5171:
5096:
5331:
4577:
5644:
5336:
5220:
5120:
5296:
5259:
5132:
4637:
4407:
5144:
5035:
5411:
4876:
4900:
4767:
4542:
5496:
5473:
5448:
4676:
5059:
4925:
4661:
4649:
5361:
2086:
4961:
4601:
4565:
4852:
4338:
5193:
5108:
4815:
4707:
5423:
5286:
5247:
4864:
1714:
5783:
5047:
4998:
586:
5010:
4840:
5585:
5558:
5071:
4986:
4613:
5778:
5181:
4888:
1851:
169:
157:
5773:
5671:
5608:
5386:
4791:
4755:
4625:
5531:
5519:
4743:
4589:
1248:, German fighter ace in World War I, credited with thirteen victories. He was the third ace, after Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, to earn Pour le Mérite. He fought in Gallipoli to fly the Halberstadt D.II and Fokker E.III with Ottoman FA 6 against the Royal Naval Air Service. The Turkish campaign was successful, with four confirmed victories and seven unconfirmed, and Buddecke was personally awarded the Gold Liakat Medal by Enver Pasha.
4937:
5694:
630:
4779:
4731:
4719:
5620:
5319:
4803:
379:
5632:
4949:
532:
5748:
5721:
564:, though in most cases the recipients were still high-ranking officers (usually distinguished field commanders fitting the criteria above; the few lower ranking recipients of the oak leaves were mainly general staff officers responsible for planning a victorious battle or campaign). In early 1918, it was proposed to award the oak leaves to Germany's top
4695:
1506:, German officer. In May 1918 his battalion broke through the opposing line at Soissons. After capturing the notorious Chemin des Dames, he succeeded, with 10 soldiers, in capturing the bridge over the Aisne at Bourg intact. His troops took 1500 prisoners and captured 32 cannons. Later served in the Afrika Korps.
1335:
in 1918 for efforts of leading his battalion at the Somme and
Cambrai. Later Field Marshal and commander of Army Group North, Polish campaign, 1939. Commander Army Group B in conquest of Western Europe 1940. Commander Army Group Centre in Russia 1941. Commander Army Group South in Russian Ukraine and
489:
and the favoured language at
Frederick's court. The French name was retained, despite the rising tide of nationalism and increasing hostility between the French and Germans during the 19th century, and indeed many of its recipients were honoured for acts performed in wars against France. The insignia
301:
was awarded strictly as a recognition of extraordinary personal achievement, rather than as a general marker of social status or a courtesy-honour, although certain restrictions of social class and military rank were applied. The order was secular, and membership endured for the remaining lifetime of
686:
Recipients of the "Blue Max", a nickname of the order, were required to wear the award whenever in uniform. Although many of its famous recipients were junior officers, especially pilots, more than a third of all awards in World War I went to generals and admirals. Senior officer awards tended to be
1918:
During the era of
National Socialism in Germany (1933–45), the order was re-absorbed into the state honours system, and the list of its members was reviewed and revised according to the policies of the new government. A number of Jews and other perceived dissidents or "enemies" of the state were
550:
decreed that the award could be presented only to serving military officers. In March 1813, the King added an additional distinction, a spray of gilt oak leaves attached above the cross. Award of the oak leaves originally indicated extraordinary achievement in battle, and was usually reserved for
1943:
is awarded for achievements in the arts and sciences. Active membership is limited to 40 German citizens, ten each in the fields of humanities, natural science, and medicine and the arts. Honorary membership can be conferred on foreigners, again to the limit of 40. When a vacancy occurs, the
1919:
deprived of their awards by the Nazi regime. They included
Einstein (who resigned his membership in the order in 1933, and refused invitations to renew it after the war), Kollwitz, and Barlach. Such actions were later repudiated by both the order and the postwar German government.
674:
The number of aerial victories necessary to receive the award continued to increase during the war; by early 1917, it generally required destroying 16–20 enemy airplanes, and by war's end the approximate figure was 30. However, other aviation recipients included
582:, 3rd Class with Crown and Swords. This was still a high honour, as the 3rd Class was normally awarded to colonels and lieutenant colonels, and von Richthofen's award was one of only two of the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords during World War I.
750:'s abdication as king of Prussia and German Emperor on 9 November 1918. This marked the end of the Prussian monarchy and it was never awarded thereafter; however the honour continued to be recognized for, and worn by, previous recipients.
4530:
4758:
516:) written in gold letters on the body of the cross. The ribbon was black with edge stripes of silver-white. The order consisted of only one class, both civil and military, until 1810. Only a few civilians were honored:
5820:
4326:
4523:
2322:, founded in 1955. Like the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, this was in a sense a revival of an earlier imperial award, in this case the Austro-Hungarian Decoration of Honor for Art and Science (
1953:
980:, known as "Moltke the Elder"; first decorated in 1839 as a junior officer; he received the oak leaves in 1871 and the Grand Cross in March 1879. Also inducted into the civil class of the order in 1874.
3430:
2319:
6001:
4516:
602:
class of the award was established. This grade of the award was given to those who, through their actions, caused the retreat or destruction of an army. There were only five recipients of the
5996:
759:
5813:
4319:
4508:
4304:
3382:
5829:
4546:
1930:, – now as an independent organization with state recognition and the President of the German Federal Republic as Protector of the Order. However, unlike the somewhat similar
6051:
6046:
5806:
4342:
4312:
3738:
5854:
2912:
6031:
3757:
3696:
5322:
4640:
4386:
4290:
3966:
3423:
2766:
2339:
1654:, Naval observer and later a fighter pilot who claimed 32 victories in World War I. He also scored six victories in World War II and became an air force general.
5970:
5954:
5414:
4794:
2272:
1558:
815:
1900:
and sciences did not come to an end. The members re-established their order as an autonomous organization, with revised rules and processes for nomination.
2345:
Other countries also may recognize accomplishments in the arts and sciences, but with more general orders also awarded for accomplishments in other fields.
2326:), which existed from 1887 to 1918. Unlike the German award, however, the design of the modern Austrian award is unlike that of its imperial predecessor.
6011:
5936:
3357:
1433:
2611:
2484:
5918:
5907:
61:
5170:
5095:
6016:
6006:
1871:
Chancellor of the Order of Merit with powers to recommend candidates to this new civil class of the Order Pour le Mérite for
Sciences and Arts (
914:
5924:
5877:
5099:
3731:
3642:
3512:
2267:
Besides
Prussia, several other states of the former German Empire also conferred similar awards for the arts and sciences. These included the
1055:, German flying ace with 15 aerial victories, one of the first aviator recipients along with Oswald Boelcke and namesake of the "Blue Max" and
4940:
4194:
3873:
3606:
3506:
3465:
3407:
3108:
2801:
2678:
2605:
2518:
2478:
3378:
Karl Bruhns (Ed) Life of
Alexander Von Humboldt, Vol.I. 1872. p.282, in German. Translated to English in 1873 by Jane and Caroline Lassell.
5948:
4770:
4580:
4361:
3771:
690:
Junior officers (army captains and lieutenants and their navy equivalents) accounted for only about a fourth of all awards. Several famous
4576:
3619:
Der Preußische Ordens-Herold: Zusammenstellung sämmtlicher
Urkunden, Statuten und Verordnungen über die preußischen Orden und Ehrenzeichen
2821:
1989:
2978:
2365:
for outstanding accomplishments in the arts and sciences, and may award its Civil
Decoration for lesser accomplishments in these fields.
6026:
6021:
5273:
5234:
5038:
4928:
4202:
4070:
3893:
1602:
1377:
695:
615:
5330:
5219:
5119:
3379:
2302:
A number of other countries have founded similar high civic honors for accomplishments in the arts and sciences. The sovereign of the
5534:
5250:
4497:
4467:
2284:
1981:
1296:
396:
5647:
4266:
578:
without oak leaves in
January 1917). Instead of the oak leaves Prussia awarded von Richthofen a slightly less prestigious honor, the
4038:
4014:
3724:
2311:
1781:
Men and women who through widespread recognition for their contributions to science and art have made an eminent name for themselves
647:. Although it could be awarded to any military officer, its most famous recipients were the pilots of the German Army Air Service (
462:
5643:
5335:
443:
5751:
5724:
5658:
5262:
5147:
4782:
3318:
2170:
1308:
920:
889:
547:
5295:
5258:
1077:, decorated as an ace pilot in June 1918 finishing World War I with 22 air victories and later the third and final commander of
415:
5942:
5223:
5207:
5123:
4154:
1864:
1800:
801:
313:
4636:
4722:
4431:
4250:
4242:
4120:
4003:
3170:
3113:
2917:
2884:
2640:
1427:
1087:
1078:
853:
400:
5062:
3471:
2206:
5131:
422:
5895:
5611:
5143:
4989:
4446:
4406:
4274:
2331:
1086:, better known as the "Red Baron", the top-scoring ace of World War I with 80 aerial victories and the first commander of
611:
3593:
6056:
5158:
5135:
4710:
4604:
4482:
4371:
4178:
4106:
3987:
3926:
3910:
3748:
2383:
2362:
2016:
1225:
983:
977:
770:
623:
5034:
2879:
2572:
1887:. When a vacancy occurred the Academy of Arts and Sciences nominated three candidates, one of whom the king appointed.
6041:
5912:
5697:
5561:
5410:
5050:
4875:
4855:
4616:
4376:
4186:
3978:
3934:
3787:
2760:
932:
863:
354:
285:
198:
4218:
3165:
554:
The original regulations called for the capture or successful defence of a fortification, or victory in a battle. By
429:
4899:
3537:
5451:
5426:
4924:
4766:
4462:
4162:
3995:
3849:
2542:
2358:
1509:
1183:
784:
747:
5495:
5472:
5447:
2353:
is an example of a decoration often conferred for accomplishment in many fields, including the arts and sciences.
941:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); first decorated in 1807, received the oak leaves in 1814.
923:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); first decorated in 1807, received the oak leaves in 1814.
389:
5735:
5364:
4914:
4487:
4477:
4046:
3942:
2048:
1575:
commander; one of only two junior officers to receive the highest military honors of the five main German states.
1565:
commander; one of only two junior officers to receive the highest military honors of the five main German states.
967:
790:
667:
were the first airmen to receive the award, on 12 January 1916. It was awarded to Germany's highest-scoring ace,
607:
5058:
4675:
1500:, Company Commander of Jäger-Bataillon Number 10 and a Generalleutnant in World War II. Awarded in October 1918.
411:
5889:
5545:
5522:
5308:
5196:
4746:
4568:
4356:
4258:
4234:
4210:
4022:
3881:
3779:
3542:
2968:
2214:
2162:
1522:
277:
219:
5623:
4806:
4660:
4648:
2408:
1238:, Ace pilot credited with shooting down 21 aircraft and 18 observation balloons. He was Germany's second best
1013:, Prussian minister president and German chancellor during the unification period; decorated in 1884 with the
305:
New awards of the military class ceased with the end of the Prussian monarchy in November 1918. German author
31:
3353:
6036:
5930:
5883:
5485:
5437:
5389:
5360:
5074:
4818:
4441:
4113:
3918:
1985:
1369:
1177:
993:
908:
841:
517:
482:
5798:
4960:
4600:
4564:
2085:
1680:, the first U-boat to sink an enemy ship using a self-propelled locomotive torpedo. Awarded on 5 June 1915.
1065:, German flying ace with 40 aerial victories, one of the first aviator recipients along with Max Immelmann.
5901:
5708:
5572:
5339:
4851:
4843:
4592:
4366:
3701:
3647:
3573:
2974:
Versuch einer KriegsGeschichte des Grafen Alexander Suworow Rymnikski Russl: Kayserl: General FeldMarschal
2595:
2237:
2075:
2044:
2036:
1965:
1868:
1663:
1389:
1083:
805:
668:
619:
579:
569:
491:
281:
4903:
2468:
2350:
5597:
5462:
5192:
5013:
4879:
4814:
4706:
4698:
4226:
3833:
3825:
2292:
2103:
1645:
1503:
1245:
1093:
2202:
2198:
1487:
5422:
5285:
5246:
5107:
1713:
572:, but he was deemed ineligible under a strict reading of the regulations (he had already received his
5350:
5085:
5024:
5001:
4436:
4146:
2146:
1969:
1931:
1415:
1363:
1339:
1159:
1153:
1135:
1028:
938:
330:
5635:
4863:
3493:
1890:
In November 1918 the Kingdom of Prussia came to an end, and with it that state's sponsorship of the
1512:, German colonel, for victories in two Jordan battles in March and May 1918 against British troops.
5009:
4839:
2040:
2032:
1594:
1399:
1392:, German general who served as adviser and commander of Ottoman forces in World War I; awarded the
1320:
1268:
1235:
997:
883:
873:
857:
835:
827:
680:
648:
585:
521:
267:
5046:
4997:
4985:
5762:
5375:
4975:
4684:
4492:
4337:
4054:
3950:
2303:
2268:
2052:
1568:
1532:
1497:
1405:
1201:
893:
867:
819:
809:
780:
436:
289:
5782:
2226:
1578:
1071:, German flying ace with 20 victories, one of the first German Jewish recipients in World War I.
292:. The order of merit was the highest royal Prussian order of bravery for officers of all ranks.
5670:
5607:
5584:
5557:
5385:
5070:
4790:
4754:
4612:
2817:
1896:. However, unlike the military class of the order, the class of the order for achievements in
1430:, Chief of the German General Staff at the outbreak of World War I. Nephew of Moltke the Elder.
892:, awarded on 4 June 1789, Napoleonic-era Prussian field marshal who led Prussian forces at the
5869:
5833:
5530:
5518:
5180:
4887:
4829:
3602:
3502:
3461:
3403:
2972:
2797:
2674:
2601:
2514:
2474:
2389:
2245:
2154:
2130:
2079:
2067:
1977:
1908:
1813:
1677:
1628:
1614:
1590:
1572:
1562:
1546:
1290:
1113:
1074:
1010:
944:
898:
719:
709:
705:
699:
3617:
353:
is still an order into which a person is admitted into membership, like the United Kingdom's
4891:
4742:
4734:
4624:
4078:
3974:
3889:
3865:
3857:
3817:
2695:
2395:
2222:
2089:
1850:
1552:
1439:
1409:
1351:
1280:
1219:
1174:, high-ranking German ace with 44 victories, Was shot to death by German communists in 1920.
926:
656:
499:
362:
334:
168:
156:
5777:
4936:
2513:(7th ed.). Berlin, Mannheim: Dudenverlag, Institut für Deutsche Sprache. p. 698.
312:
A civil class for merits in sciences, humanities, and arts was established in 1842 by King
5786:
5772:
5508:
5400:
4952:
4652:
4588:
4391:
4086:
3958:
3806:
3386:
2670:
2430:
2280:
2150:
2138:
2071:
2063:
2024:
2004:
1993:
1904:
1880:
1542:
1463:
1171:
1022:
971:
956:
513:
255:
228:
82:
72:
2249:
1475:
1213:
306:
3716:
3670:
2373:
Only a small number of persons have received both the military and civil classes of the
5864:
5841:
4778:
4127:
4099:
4094:
3549:
2307:
2241:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2122:
2111:
2028:
2012:
2008:
1651:
1326:
1323:, decorated as a major in June 1918 and later a Field Marshal General in the Wehrmacht.
1239:
1229:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1165:
1147:
1068:
1062:
1056:
831:
664:
629:
263:
4730:
4718:
3308:
2597:
African Kaiser: General Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck and the Great War in Africa, 1914–1918
935:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general (later field marshal); also received the oak leaves.
5990:
5683:
5184:
4964:
4664:
4541:
4396:
4062:
4030:
3902:
2126:
2020:
1927:
1912:
1657:
1636:
1536:
1526:
1141:
1131:
1052:
960:
902:
725:
660:
486:
5619:
3582:
3567:
5693:
5318:
5111:
4867:
4802:
3841:
3798:
2414:
2233:
2174:
2158:
1923:
1683:
1673:
1622:
1451:
1373:
1258:
1125:
947:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general and Minister of War; simultaneously received the
808:
with the 18th Prussian Infantry Regiment (von Derschau) for his actions during the
798:
715:
659:
pilot was initially entitled to the award upon downing eight enemy aircraft. Aces
503:
2632:
3455:
1096:, German flying ace with 40 victories. Younger brother of Manfred Von Richthofen.
4472:
4282:
3313:
2506:
2256:
2218:
2210:
2190:
2186:
2166:
2134:
1997:
1973:
1119:
1107:
644:
555:
378:
1122:, fourth-highest-scoring German ace of World War I, credited with 48 victories.
1037:
with Oak leaves for his services as Allied Supreme Commander in China 1900–1901
687:
more for outstanding leadership in combat than for individual acts of bravery.
309:, who died in 1998, was the last living recipient of the military class award.
5631:
4948:
4426:
4421:
3356:(in German). Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste. 31 May 1842.
2115:
2056:
1934:(Federal Cross of Merit), also established by Heuss, it is not a state order.
1876:
1103:
1099:
652:
565:
17:
3671:
Pour le Mérite, Grand Cross Star (Orden Pour le Mérite, Stern zum Großkreuz)
2564:
2142:
2107:
1884:
1582:
3174:(in German), vol. 52, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 447–458
2888:(in German), vol. 41, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 410–413
1210:, German fighter ace, with 35 confirmed victories as lieutenant (reserve).
1128:, German flying ace with 48 victories. His total tied him with Werner Voss.
1025:, Prussian general, decorated in 1871 for merit in the Franco-Prussian War.
531:
276:
was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the
5747:
5720:
3546:(in German), vol. 13, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 251–252
3117:(in German), vol. 9, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 280–293
2921:(in German), vol. 34, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 94–101
1897:
1412:. Awarded 21 September 1916 (Somme); oak leaves on 24 April 1917 (Arras).
1019:
with oak leaves. Also inducted into the civil class of the order in 1896.
676:
525:
2534:
5846:
4694:
4554:
2354:
2315:
963:
823:
794:
403: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2762:
Ritterorden und Ehrenzeichen, erläutert durch die vorhandenen Urkunden
1398:
and the oak leaves simultaneously in January 1916 for his role in the
316:. The civil class was revived as an independent organization in 1923 (
3587:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn.
2346:
2335:
2327:
1903:
The awarding of new memberships resumed in 1923. Recipients included
1632:
1618:
744:
691:
3676:
1824:
1611:
in the autumn of 1916 for sinking 200,000 tonnes of Allied shipping.
1478:, Army Lieutenant and later novelist, the last living holder of the
1116:, third-highest-scoring German ace of World War I with 54 victories.
1418:, German general (later field marshal) of World War I; awarded the
1342:, Chief of the German General Staff from 1914 to 1916; awarded the
1271:, German field marshal and later President of Germany; awarded the
1180:, World War I ace with 28 victories and World War II field marshal.
1134:, the first military aviator ever to down an enemy aircraft with a
3501:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 116.
2324:Österreichisch-Ungarisches Ehrenzeichen für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1605:, German U-boat commander during the First World War, awarded the
1581:, captain of the famous German commerce raider, the light cruiser
1186:, better known as the "Black Knight", destroyed 35 enemy aircraft.
610:
in 1866, Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia (later Emperor
495:
358:
337:, the civil class was re-established in 1952. This version of the
3380:
in the Public Domain via Library of Congress Accessed Dec 28,2021
558:, the oak leaves often indicated a second or higher award of the
5476:
Saxe-Ernestine House Order (2006: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House Order)
1366:, German colonel and artillery officer in von Hutier's 8th Army.
1289:
in August 1914, one of the earliest World War I awards, for the
929:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general; also received the oak leaves.
917:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general; also received the oak leaves.
866:. Major General. Cavalry. In October 1756 for actions at the
5802:
4512:
4308:
3720:
3643:"Rede: Abendessen für die Mitglieder des Ordens Pour le mérite"
804:, heir to the throne of Prussia, awarded on 11 June 1742, as a
1954:
List of recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts
1648:, German Vice Admiral serving in the Black Sea in World War I.
679:
commanders, bomber and observation aircrews, and at least one
372:
2334:
for significant contributions to the arts and literature. In
1545:, German admiral and commander of German naval forces in the
1228:, flying ace with 28 confirmed victories, was Germany's top
986:, Prussian general (later field marshal) decorated with the
633:"The Red Baron" Manfred von Richthofen wears "the Blue Max."
3492:
Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1978).
1666:, decorated as Naval Pilot with 13 victories and 8 shared,
1436:, German officer in the Near East campaigns of World War I.
2697:
The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honor
2450:
2448:
3595:
Pour le Mérite, Über die Sichtbarmachung von Verdiensten
1494:
in December 1917, later a field marshal in World War II.
1031:, German field marshal, decorated August 1901 with the
3460:(in German). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. p. 93.
3457:
Politische Geschichte der Gegenwart: 18. Das Jahr 1884
1277:
in September 1914 and the oak leaves in February 1915.
760:
List of the Pour le Mérite (military class) recipients
498:
between the arms (which is based on the symbol of the
3772:
Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross
2467:
Hildebrand, Karl-Friedrich; Zweng, Christian (1998).
2320:
Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and the Arts
1988:. Foreign recipients in the "class of 1842" included
4547:
Orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire
1386:
in November 1916 and the oak leaves in October 1917.
1293:, Belgium; received the oak leaves in February 1915.
5963:
5863:
5840:
5761:
5734:
5707:
5682:
5657:
5596:
5571:
5544:
5507:
5484:
5461:
5436:
5399:
5374:
5349:
5307:
5272:
5233:
5206:
5157:
5084:
5023:
4974:
4913:
4828:
4683:
4553:
4455:
4414:
4349:
4139:
3764:
3285:. No. 36529. London. 9 August 1901. p. 3.
1840:
1835:
1819:
1809:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1749:
1728:
1720:
1697:
1466:, German staff officer in World War I; awarded the
1360:
in September 1917 and the oak leaves in March 1918.
1317:
in August 1915 and the oak leaves in February 1918.
1305:
in August 1915 and the oak leaves in December 1916.
1232:
of World War I with 20 observer balloons shot down.
194:
189:
150:
142:
134:
126:
105:
97:
89:
78:
68:
44:
3341:Disaster at Moscow: Von Bock's Campaigns 1941–1942
2913:Seydlitz-Kurtzbach, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von
2062:New members of the revised order in 1923 included
1958:Among famous recipients of the civil class of the
1873:Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste
546:In January 1810, during the Napoleonic wars, King
6002:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
5855:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2342:Medal has been established for the same purpose.
1424:in November 1914 and the oak leaves in June 1915.
1348:in February 1915 and the oak leaves in June 1915.
3697:"Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and the Arts"
3402:. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 171.
2297:Lippische Rose, Orden für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1472:in May 1915 and the oak leaves in November 1915.
1460:in October 1916 and the oak leaves in July 1917.
3758:List of highest military decorations by country
3354:"Stiftungsurkunde vom 31. Mai 1842 (Amtsdruck)"
1922:In 1952, the order was re-established again in
1408:, World War I master-strategist; expert in the
5997:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
5323:House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis
4641:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)
4387:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)
4291:Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
3584:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913
3569:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1740–1811
2820:. Lebendiges Museum Online. 8 September 2016.
5971:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
5814:
5415:Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
4795:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
4524:
4320:
3732:
1559:Nikolaus Burggraf und Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien
1283:, German general of World War I; awarded the
816:Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix
651:), whose exploits were celebrated in wartime
8:
4055:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
3424:"Orden Pour le mérite wählt neue Mitglieder"
2663:La grande storia della prima guerra mondiale
2374:
2093:
1959:
1938:
1891:
1698:
1606:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1442:, German General of the Cavalry awarded the
1419:
1393:
1381:
1355:
1343:
1330:
1312:
1300:
1284:
1272:
1032:
1014:
987:
948:
877:
845:
774:
738:
729:
638:
590:
573:
559:
536:
507:
476:
347:
339:
323:
318:
302:the recipient, unless renounced or revoked.
296:
271:
208:
173:
161:
46:
2277:Maximiliansorden für Kunst und Wissenschaft
1599:, a sailing ship used as a commerce raider.
1587:during the first few months of World War I.
1192:, fighter ace, with 39 confirmed victories.
779:in 1741 by Frederick II for actions during
288:, among the highest orders of merit in the
233:
27:Kingdom of Prussia's highest order of merit
6052:Orders, decorations, and medals of Prussia
6047:Military awards and decorations of Prussia
5821:
5807:
5799:
4531:
4517:
4509:
4327:
4313:
4305:
3739:
3725:
3717:
2700:. London: Hurst and Blackett. p. 202.
1964:in the first group of awards in 1842 were
1198:, fighter ace with 43 confirmed victories.
490:of the military award was a blue-enameled
60:
41:
4343:Orders, decorations and medals of Prussia
4267:Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords
3400:Orders and Decorations of Europe in Color
2295:'s Lippe Rose Order for Art and Science (
2289:Verdienstorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst
1944:remaining members select a new inductee.
1660:, German U-boat commander of World War I.
1434:Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
882:in 1762 when he withdrew Russia from the
463:Learn how and when to remove this message
3295:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3094:
3070:
3046:
3022:
2746:
2084:
1378:guerrilla campaign in German East Africa
1204:, Commanding General of the Air Service.
754:Notable recipients of the military class
628:
584:
530:
485:. It was named in French, which was the
6032:Civil awards and decorations of Germany
3082:
3058:
3034:
3010:
2998:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2898:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2454:
2444:
2431:German-language Knowledge (XXG) version
2398:, military class 1916, civil class 1924
2392:, military class 1884, civil class 1896
2386:, military class 1839, civil class 1874
329:). Instead of the King of Prussia, the
3677:"Aktuell / Mitteilungen aus dem Orden"
3360:from the original on 14 September 2018
3317:(in German). Hamburg. 21 August 1978.
1694:
1222:, German flying ace with 40 victories.
1216:, German flying ace with 25 victories.
1168:, German flying ace with 33 victories.
1162:, German flying ace with 33 victories.
1156:, German flying ace with 31 victories.
1150:, German flying ace with 36 victories.
1144:, German flying ace with 44 victories.
333:acted as head of the order. After the
3601:(in German). Sigmaringen: Thorbecke.
2787:
2785:
2783:
1948:Notable recipients of the civil class
1926:with assistance of Federal President
1635:commander who sank the British liner
1265:in December 1917 for service in Italy
227:
218:
7:
5674:Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
5612:Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
4771:Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown
4581:Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown
4362:Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown
4015:Order of the White Eagle with swords
3321:from the original on 29 January 2018
3109:Gneisenau, August Graf Neidhardt von
2470:Die Ritter des Ordens Pour Le Mérite
2273:Maximilian Order for Art and Science
2259:laureates were member of the order.
1454:, German staff officer; awarded the
1372:, German general who led the German
1311:, German field marshal; awarded the
1299:, German field marshal; awarded the
1138:. Credited with 22 aerial victories.
915:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
401:adding citations to reliable sources
5039:Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order
3495:Die Mitglieder des Ordens 1882–1952
2977:. Vol. 3. Gotha. p. 171.
1621:Ace and later staff officer in the
616:Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia
5535:Order of Merit for Science and Art
5289:Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
5251:Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)
4941:Military Merit Order (Württemberg)
4498:Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
3681:ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE (civil class)
3574:Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn
3572:(in German). Vol. 1. Berlin:
2565:"1740 Pour le Mérite – Blauer Max"
2545:from the original on 22 March 2009
2285:Order of Merit for Science and Art
2102:Among those inducted in 1952 were
1982:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
1297:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
974:, received the oak leaves in 1831.
911:, Napoleonic-era Prussian general.
25:
6012:1918 disestablishments in Prussia
2633:"Pour le Merite | Prussian honor"
2312:Order of the Companions of Honour
2263:Similar orders in other countries
1484:at the time of his death in 1998.
822:, awarded on 6 January 1746 as a
643:gained international fame during
604:Grand Cross of the Pour le Mérite
5781:
5776:
5771:
5752:Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
5746:
5725:Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
5719:
5692:
5669:
5642:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5583:
5556:
5529:
5517:
5494:
5471:
5446:
5421:
5409:
5384:
5359:
5334:
5329:
5317:
5299:House Order of the Wendish Crown
5294:
5284:
5263:House Order of the Wendish Crown
5257:
5245:
5218:
5191:
5179:
5169:
5142:
5130:
5118:
5106:
5094:
5069:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4929:Order of the Crown (Württemberg)
4923:
4898:
4886:
4874:
4862:
4850:
4838:
4813:
4801:
4789:
4783:Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria)
4777:
4765:
4753:
4741:
4729:
4717:
4705:
4693:
4674:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4540:
4405:
4336:
4203:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
3343:, University of New Mexico Press
2794:Early German Aces of World War I
2575:from the original on 17 May 2022
2511:Duden – Das Aussprachewörterbuch
1849:
1712:
1603:Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
1428:Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke
1102:, second-highest-scoring German
933:Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg
921:Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck
696:Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
377:
248:), also informally known as the
167:
155:
5830:Orders, decorations, and medals
5224:Order of Philip the Magnanimous
5124:Order of Philip the Magnanimous
4155:Military Order of Maria Theresa
4039:Laureate Cross of St. Ferdinand
3518:from the original on 2018-06-22
3474:from the original on 2023-12-11
3436:from the original on 2023-03-21
2981:from the original on 2023-06-28
2824:from the original on 2014-04-15
2769:from the original on 2018-09-13
2643:from the original on 2017-08-14
2614:from the original on 2023-06-28
2487:from the original on 2023-06-28
1937:The revived civil order of the
1865:Frederick William IV of Prussia
1801:Frederick William IV of Prussia
996:and the oak leaves in the 1866
970:; decorated in 1814 during the
388:needs additional citations for
114:between 7 June and 15 June 1740
6017:1923 establishments in Germany
6007:1740 establishments in Prussia
5174:House Order of the Golden Lion
5100:House Order of the Golden Lion
4723:Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
4243:Castle of Good Hope Decoration
4004:Hero of the Russian Federation
3171:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3114:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2918:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2885:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2505:Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf;
1990:François-René de Chateaubriand
927:Karl Wilhelm Georg von Grolman
854:Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz
830:on the battlefield during the
797:and later Hofmarschall to the
743:became extinct as a result of
487:leading international language
93:Military personnel (1740–1918)
1:
5908:Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
5598:Principality of Lippe-Detmold
3749:military awards for gallantry
3164:Poten, Bernhard von (1906), "
2969:Anthing, Johann Friedrich von
2911:Poten, Bernhard von (1892), "
2878:Poten, Bernhard von (1896), "
2332:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
2171:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
1579:Karl Friedrich Max von Müller
1354:, German general awarded the
1309:Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg
905:, awarded on 28 December 1794
773:. Prussian general, awarded
325:für Wissenschaften und Künste
5136:Order of the Star of Brabant
4711:Military Order of Max Joseph
4483:Cross of the Mount of Olives
4251:Vietnam Military Merit Medal
4179:Military Order of Max Joseph
3988:Order of the Tower and Sword
3927:Gold Medal of Military Valor
3911:Military Medal for Gallantry
3536:Meier-Welcker, Hans (1982),
3398:Hieronymussen, Paul (1967).
3309:"Rommel: Ende einer Legende"
3154:, p. 342, III No. 2292.
3142:, p. 260, III No. 1654.
3130:, p. 211, III No. 1372.
3073:, p. 166, III No. 1226.
2818:"Der Orden "Pour le Mérite""
2792:van Wyngarden, Greg (2006).
2759:Gelbke, Carl H. von (1834).
2694:Burke, Bernard, ed. (1858).
2473:. Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag.
2384:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
2232:More recent recipients were
2017:William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
1875:), with the three sections:
1844:31 May 1842 (separate class)
1773:Domestic and foreign persons
1735:31 May 1842 (separate class)
984:Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal
886:and made peace with Prussia.
771:Henning Alexander von Kleist
598:In 1866, a special military
481:was founded in 1740 by King
268:King Frederick II of Prussia
5698:Princely Reuss Honour Cross
5588:House Order of Hohenzollern
5562:House Order of Hohenzollern
5063:Order of the Zähringer Lion
5051:Order of Berthold the First
4856:Military Order of St. Henry
4759:Royal Order of Saint George
4617:House Order of Hohenzollern
4377:House Order of Hohenzollern
4187:Military Order of St. Henry
3935:Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa
3788:National Hero of Azerbaijan
3259:, p. 592, VII No. 248.
3211:, p. 586, VII No. 162.
3085:, p. 492, III No. 217.
3061:, p. 447, III No. 117.
3049:, p. 137, III No. 988.
3037:, p. 462, III No. 143.
3025:, p. 105, III No. 851.
3001:, p. 441, III No. 108.
2669:] (in Italian). Milan:
2429:Includes material from the
2207:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1539:, decorated in August 1915.
864:Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery
856:, awarded 1757, during the
355:Order of the British Empire
345:is still active today. The
286:House Order of Hohenzollern
199:House Order of Hohenzollern
6073:
6027:Awards established in 1923
6022:Awards established in 1740
5648:Order of the Rose of Lippe
5499:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
5463:Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
5452:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
5427:Order of Adolphe of Nassau
4672:
3996:Order of Michael the Brave
3975:War Order Virtuti Militari
3874:Cross of Honour for Valour
3339:Turney, Alfred W. (1970),
3097:, p. 90, III No. 790.
3013:, p. 261, II No. 387.
2369:Recipients of both classes
2003:Later recipients included
1951:
1529:, decorated in March 1916.
1510:Alexander von Falkenhausen
1184:Eduard Ritter von Schleich
1042:1914 to 1918 (World War I)
785:War of Austrian Succession
757:
119:1810 (pure military class)
29:
5738:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
5365:Order of the White Falcon
4403:
4238:(Second Spanish Republic)
4047:Parama Weera Vibhushanaya
3943:Military Order of William
3755:
3651:(in German). 22 June 2022
3581:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913a).
3298:, p. 569, VI No. 10.
3271:, p. 511, V No. 201.
3247:, p. 559, V No. 305.
3199:, p. 557, V No. 302.
3187:, p. 517, V No. 214.
2958:, p. 200, II No. 82.
2946:, p. 102, I No. 591.
2880:Wedell, Karl Heinrich von
2796:. Osprey Publishing Ltd.
2121:Later recipients include
1848:
1711:
1226:Friedrich Ritter von Röth
1029:Alfred Graf von Waldersee
968:Prime Minister of Prussia
791:Isaac de Forcade de Biaix
185:
154:
59:
5624:Order of Leopold (Lippe)
5548:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
5523:Order of Albert the Bear
5309:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
5197:Order of the Iron Helmet
5148:General Honor Decoration
4807:Order of Louis (Bavaria)
4747:Order of Saint Elizabeth
4569:Order of the Black Eagle
4468:General Honor Decoration
4357:Order of the Black Eagle
4259:Hero of the Soviet Union
4235:Laureate Plate of Madrid
4211:Order of the Golden Kite
4198:(Kingdom of Württemberg)
4023:Order of the Somali Star
3780:National Hero of Armenia
3616:Hoeftmann, F.W. (1868).
3592:Fuhrmann, Horst (1992).
3566:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913).
3543:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3454:Müller, Wilhelm (2013).
3235:, p. 467, V No. 71.
3166:Moltke, Helmuth Graf von
3107:Meerheimb, von (1879), "
2934:, p. 49, I No. 356.
2901:, p. 45, I No. 317.
2868:, p. 34, I Nr. 245.
2856:, p. 18, I Nr. 113.
2737:, p. 43, I No. 310.
2725:, p. 36, I No. 251.
2713:, p. 35, I No. 249.
2661:Gilbert, Martin (1983).
2215:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
2163:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1523:Henning von Holtzendorff
1136:synchronized machine gun
655:. In aerial warfare, a
278:Order of the Black Eagle
220:[puːɐ̯ləmeˈʁiːt]
180:Ribbon bars of the order
5486:Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
5438:Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
5390:Order of Henry the Lion
5075:House Order of Fidelity
4442:Merit Cross for War Aid
4270:(Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
3979:Order Krzyża Wojskowego
3281:"Count von Waldersee".
3223:, p. 442, V No. 9.
2844:, p. 17, I No. 98.
2637:Encyclopædia Britannica
1986:August Wilhelm Schlegel
1855:Ribbon bar of the order
1370:Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
1178:Robert Ritter von Greim
978:Helmuth Graf von Moltke
909:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
842:Carl Heinrich von Wedel
834:, the victory of which
826:for his actions in the
624:Helmuth Graf von Moltke
551:high-ranking officers.
518:Pierre Louis Maupertuis
483:Frederick II of Prussia
266:established in 1740 by
5919:North Rhine-Westphalia
5711:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
5575:Hohenzollern-Hechingen
5340:Friedrich-August Cross
4915:Kingdom of Württemberg
4844:Order of the Rue Crown
4819:Medical military Order
4593:Order of the Red Eagle
4367:Order of the Red Eagle
4087:Order of the Gold Star
2765:. Berlin. p. 34.
2594:Gaudi, Robert (2017).
2375:
2238:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2099:
2094:
2049:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
2045:Ferdinand von Zeppelin
1966:Alexander von Humboldt
1960:
1939:
1892:
1869:Alexander von Humboldt
1699:
1664:Friedrich Christiansen
1607:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1420:
1394:
1390:Otto Liman von Sanders
1382:
1356:
1344:
1331:
1313:
1301:
1285:
1273:
1084:Manfred von Richthofen
1033:
1015:
988:
949:
878:
846:
775:
739:
730:
694:commanders, including
669:Manfred von Richthofen
639:
634:
620:Alexander II of Russia
595:
591:
580:Order of the Red Eagle
574:
570:Manfred von Richthofen
560:
543:
537:
508:
477:
357:, and is not simply a
348:
340:
324:
319:
297:
282:Order of the Red Eagle
272:
259:
209:
174:
162:
47:
5684:Principality of Reuss
5014:Order of Ernst August
4880:Civil Order of Saxony
4699:Order of Saint Hubert
4227:Grand Cross of Valour
3834:Order of Duke Domagoj
3826:Order of August First
2409:Pour le Mérite (film)
2293:Principality of Lippe
2104:Otto Heinrich Warburg
2088:
1646:Wilhelm Anton Souchon
1504:Johann von Ravenstein
1246:Hans Joachim Buddecke
1094:Lothar von Richthofen
632:
588:
548:Frederick William III
534:
229:[puʁləme.ʁit]
32:Pour le Mérite (film)
5925:Rhineland-Palatinate
5351:Duchy of Saxe-Weimar
5276:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
5237:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
5086:Grand Duchy of Hesse
5025:Grand Duchy of Baden
5002:Royal Guelphic Order
4437:Military Honor Medal
4432:Military Merit Cross
4415:Military decorations
4195:Military Merit Order
4182:(Kingdom of Bavaria)
4174:(Kingdom of Prussia)
4166:(Kingdom of Hungary)
4147:Order of Saint Louis
4010:(Russian Federation)
3622:(in German). Mittler
1970:Carl Friedrich Gauss
1932:Bundesverdienstkreuz
1670:on 11 December 1917.
1617:, successful German
1416:August von Mackensen
1340:Erich von Falkenhayn
1154:Gotthard Sachsenberg
939:August von Gneisenau
802:Frederick William II
397:improve this article
331:President of Germany
314:Frederick William IV
6057:Frederick the Great
5847:Republic of Germany
4990:Order of St. George
4904:Order of Maria Anna
4447:Warrior Merit Medal
4190:(Kingdom of Saxony)
4150:(Kingdom of France)
3702:Der Bundespräsident
3648:Der Bundespräsident
3538:"Kuhl, Hermann von"
2314:. The Republic of
2304:Commonwealth realms
2076:Wilhelm Furtwängler
2041:John Singer Sargent
2037:Camille Saint-Saëns
2033:Hubert von Herkomer
1827:.orden-pourlemerite
1400:Battle of Gallipoli
1321:Werner von Blomberg
1269:Paul von Hindenburg
1236:Heinrich Gontermann
998:Austro-Prussian War
953:and the oak leaves.
890:Gebhard von Blücher
876:, who received the
874:Peter III of Russia
836:Frederick the Great
828:Second Silesian War
671:, in January 1917.
522:Francesco Algarotti
502:) and the Prussian
6042:Kingdom of Prussia
5949:Schleswig-Holstein
5376:Duchy of Brunswick
4976:Kingdom of Hanover
4685:Kingdom of Bavaria
4605:Order of the Crown
4555:Kingdom of Prussia
4493:Ladies Merit Cross
4372:Order of the Crown
4219:Order of Lāčplēsis
3385:2021-12-29 at the
2363:Order of the Crown
2357:awards either its
2269:Kingdom of Bavaria
2199:Witold Lutosławski
2100:
2053:Sir William Ramsay
1756:Kingdom of Prussia
1569:Karl August Nerger
1533:Alfred von Tirpitz
1498:Heinrich Kirchheim
1488:Ferdinand Schörner
1406:Fritz von Lossberg
1261:, decorated as an
1202:Ernst von Hoeppner
1110:with 62 victories.
894:Battle of Waterloo
868:Battle of Lobositz
838:attributed to him.
820:lieutenant general
810:First Silesian War
781:Battle of Mollwitz
635:
596:
544:
290:Kingdom of Prussia
30:For the film, see
5984:
5983:
5878:Baden-Württemberg
5870:states of Germany
5834:States of Germany
5796:
5795:
4830:Kingdom of Saxony
4506:
4505:
4456:Civil decorations
4302:
4301:
4214:(Empire of Japan)
4158:(Austria-Hungary)
3608:978-3-7995-4159-6
3508:978-3-7861-1125-2
3467:978-3-642-99180-6
3409:978-0-02-551400-3
2803:978-1-84176-997-4
2680:978-88-04-48470-7
2607:978-0-425-28371-4
2520:978-3-411-04067-4
2480:978-3-7648-2473-0
2390:Otto von Bismarck
2246:Christopher Clark
2155:Werner Heisenberg
2147:Erwin Schrödinger
2131:Albert Schweitzer
2068:Gerhart Hauptmann
1978:Felix Mendelssohn
1861:
1860:
1814:Hermann Parzinger
1706:
1686:, German admiral.
1629:Walther Schwieger
1615:Walther Forstmann
1593:, captain of the
1591:Felix von Luckner
1573:auxiliary cruiser
1563:auxiliary cruiser
1555:, German admiral.
1547:Battle of Jutland
1490:, decorated as a
1364:Georg Bruchmüller
1114:Erich Loewenhardt
1011:Otto von Bismarck
994:German-Danish War
945:Hermann von Boyen
899:Alexander Suvorov
799:Prince of Prussia
706:Walther Schwieger
473:
472:
465:
447:
204:
203:
195:Next (lower)
138:22 September 1918
55:
16:(Redirected from
6064:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5800:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5754:
5750:
5727:
5723:
5700:
5696:
5675:
5673:
5661:Schaumburg-Lippe
5650:
5646:
5638:
5634:
5626:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5589:
5587:
5564:
5560:
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5000:
4992:
4988:
4967:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4943:
4939:
4931:
4927:
4906:
4902:
4894:
4892:Order of Sidonia
4890:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4735:Order of Theresa
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4678:
4667:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4643:
4639:
4631:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4567:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4510:
4463:Lifesaving Medal
4409:
4341:
4340:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4306:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4278:(SFR Yugoslavia)
4275:Order of Freedom
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4163:Medal of Bravery
4159:
4151:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4091:
4083:
4079:Order of Katonga
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3890:Param Vir Chakra
3886:
3878:
3870:
3866:Légion d'honneur
3862:
3858:Mannerheim Cross
3854:
3850:Cross of Liberty
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3818:Order of Bravery
3814:
3803:
3795:
3784:
3776:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3577:
3553:
3550:full text online
3547:
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3482:
3480:
3479:
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3413:
3395:
3389:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3161:
3155:
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3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
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3074:
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3014:
3008:
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2996:
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2702:
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2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2396:Hermann von Kuhl
2378:
2359:Order of Leopold
2351:Légion d'honneur
2223:James J. Sheehan
2097:
2090:James J. Sheehan
1963:
1942:
1895:
1853:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1716:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1610:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1448:in October 1916.
1447:
1440:Otto von Garnier
1423:
1410:Defence in depth
1397:
1385:
1359:
1352:Oskar von Hutier
1347:
1334:
1316:
1304:
1288:
1281:Erich Ludendorff
1276:
1088:Jagdgeschwader I
1079:Jagdgeschwader I
1047:German air force
1036:
1018:
991:
952:
884:Seven Years' War
881:
858:Seven Years' War
849:
778:
742:
733:
681:balloon observer
649:Luftstreitkräfte
642:
594:
577:
563:
540:
512:("For Merit" in
511:
500:Johanniter Order
480:
468:
461:
457:
454:
448:
446:
412:"Pour le Mérite"
405:
381:
373:
363:state decoration
351:
343:
335:Second World War
327:
322:
300:
275:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
231:
226:
222:
217:
212:
177:
171:
165:
159:
64:
54:(Military class)
53:
50:
42:
21:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6061:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5959:
5868:
5865:Orders of merit
5859:
5845:
5842:Orders of merit
5836:
5827:
5797:
5792:
5787:Hanseatic Cross
5770:
5757:
5745:
5737:
5736:Principality of
5730:
5718:
5710:
5709:Principality of
5703:
5691:
5678:
5668:
5660:
5659:Principality of
5653:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5592:
5582:
5574:
5573:Principality of
5567:
5555:
5547:
5546:Principality of
5540:
5528:
5516:
5509:Duchy of Anhalt
5503:
5493:
5480:
5470:
5457:
5445:
5432:
5420:
5408:
5401:Duchy of Nassau
5395:
5383:
5370:
5358:
5345:
5328:
5316:
5303:
5293:
5283:
5275:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5236:
5229:
5217:
5210:Hesse-Darmstadt
5209:
5208:Landgraviate of
5202:
5190:
5178:
5168:
5160:
5159:Landgraviate of
5153:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5019:
5007:
4995:
4983:
4970:
4958:
4953:Friedrich Order
4946:
4934:
4922:
4909:
4897:
4885:
4873:
4861:
4849:
4837:
4824:
4812:
4800:
4788:
4776:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4679:
4670:
4658:
4653:Order of Louise
4646:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4549:
4539:
4537:
4507:
4502:
4488:Red Cross Medal
4478:Jerusalem Cross
4451:
4410:
4401:
4392:Order of Louise
4345:
4335:
4333:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4254:(South Vietnam)
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4135:
4131:(United States)
4130:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3969:
3961:
3959:Nishan-e-Haider
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3884:
3882:Cross of Valour
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3807:Hero of Belarus
3801:
3793:
3782:
3774:
3760:
3751:
3745:
3707:
3705:
3695:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3667:
3654:
3652:
3641:
3638:
3636:Further reading
3625:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3598:
3591:
3580:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3535:
3534:
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3519:
3515:
3509:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3477:
3475:
3468:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3387:Wayback Machine
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
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3324:
3322:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3294:
3290:
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3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
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3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
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3203:
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3191:
3183:
3179:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3150:
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3138:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2671:Oscar Mondadori
2667:First world war
2660:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2608:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2569:Luftfahrtarchiv
2563:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2488:
2481:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2457:, p. VIII.
2453:
2446:
2441:
2433:of this article
2425:
2405:
2371:
2281:Duchy of Anhalt
2265:
2203:Rudolf Mößbauer
2151:Thornton Wilder
2139:Oskar Kokoschka
2072:Richard Strauss
2064:Albert Einstein
2025:Johannes Brahms
2005:Theodor Mommsen
1994:Michael Faraday
1956:
1950:
1905:Albert Einstein
1881:natural science
1857:
1856:
1854:
1841:First induction
1823:
1805:
1765:
1745:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1676:, commander of
1543:Reinhard Scheer
1519:
1464:Hans von Seeckt
1255:
1242:of World War I.
1172:Rudolf Berthold
1049:
1044:
1023:Leo von Caprivi
1007:
972:Napoleonic Wars
957:Ernst von Pfuel
767:
762:
756:
728:, received the
589:Grand cross of
542:with oak leaves
469:
458:
452:
449:
406:
404:
394:
382:
371:
245:
242:
239:
236:
224:
215:
181:
178:with oak leaves
172:
166:
160:
122:
83:King of Prussia
73:Neck decoration
52:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6070:
6068:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6037:Courage awards
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5989:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5976:Pour le Mérite
5973:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5874:
5872:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5767:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5715:
5713:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5663:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5639:
5636:Order of Berta
5627:
5615:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5579:
5577:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5552:
5550:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5526:
5513:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5442:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5405:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5355:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5326:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5291:
5280:
5278:
5274:Grand Duchy of
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5254:
5241:
5239:
5235:Grand Duchy of
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5214:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5188:
5176:
5165:
5163:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5139:
5127:
5115:
5103:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5054:
5042:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4956:
4944:
4932:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4871:
4859:
4847:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4762:
4750:
4738:
4726:
4714:
4702:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4629:Pour le Mérite
4620:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:Pour le Mérite
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4288:
4286:(Ancient Rome)
4280:
4272:
4264:
4262:(Soviet Union)
4256:
4248:
4246:(South Africa)
4240:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4206:(Nazi Germany)
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4171:Pour le Mérite
4168:
4160:
4152:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:Medal of Honor
4125:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4100:United Kingdom
4095:Victoria Cross
4092:
4084:
4076:
4071:Medal of Honor
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4034:(South Africa)
4028:
4020:
4012:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3972:
3967:Medal of Valor
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3919:Medal of Valor
3916:
3908:
3903:Order of Fat'h
3900:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3804:
3796:
3785:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3693:
3673:
3666:
3665:External links
3663:
3662:
3661:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3589:
3578:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3528:
3507:
3484:
3466:
3446:
3415:
3408:
3390:
3371:
3345:
3332:
3300:
3288:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2903:
2891:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2809:
2802:
2779:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2686:
2679:
2673:. p. 69.
2653:
2624:
2606:
2586:
2556:
2526:
2519:
2497:
2479:
2459:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2376:Pour le Mérite
2370:
2367:
2308:Order of Merit
2264:
2261:
2242:Heinz Holliger
2195:Carlos Kleiber
2183:Carl Zuckmayer
2179:Otto Klemperer
2123:Arthur Compton
2112:Paul Hindemith
2095:Pour le Mérite
2080:Käthe Kollwitz
2029:Giuseppe Verdi
2013:Thomas Carlyle
2009:Charles Darwin
1961:Pour le Mérite
1952:Main article:
1949:
1946:
1940:Pour le Mérite
1909:Käthe Kollwitz
1893:Pour le Mérite
1863:In 1842, King
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1740:re-established
1736:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1724:Order of Merit
1722:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1700:Pour le Mérite
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1655:
1652:Theo Osterkamp
1649:
1643:
1626:
1612:
1608:Pour le Mérite
1600:
1588:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1485:
1481:Pour le Mérite
1473:
1469:Pour le Mérite
1461:
1457:Pour le Mérite
1449:
1445:Pour le Mérite
1437:
1431:
1425:
1421:Pour le Mérite
1413:
1403:
1395:Pour le Mérite
1387:
1383:Pour le Mérite
1380:; awarded the
1367:
1361:
1357:Pour le Mérite
1349:
1345:Pour le Mérite
1337:
1336:Caucasus 1942.
1332:Pour le Mérite
1327:Fedor von Bock
1324:
1318:
1314:Pour le Mérite
1306:
1302:Pour le Mérite
1294:
1291:Siege of Liège
1286:Pour le Mérite
1278:
1274:Pour le Mérite
1266:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1240:Balloon buster
1233:
1230:Balloon buster
1223:
1217:
1211:
1208:Josef Veltjens
1205:
1199:
1193:
1190:Carl Menckhoff
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1166:Heinrich Kroll
1163:
1157:
1151:
1148:Julius Buckler
1145:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1097:
1091:
1081:
1075:Hermann Göring
1072:
1069:Wilhelm Frankl
1066:
1063:Oswald Boelcke
1060:
1057:Immelmann turn
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1034:Pour le Mérite
1026:
1020:
1016:Pour le Mérite
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
989:Pour le Mérite
981:
975:
954:
950:Pour le Mérite
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
896:
887:
879:Pour le Mérite
871:
861:
851:
847:Pour le Mérite
844:, awarded the
839:
832:Battle of Soor
813:
788:
776:Pour le Mérite
766:
763:
758:Main article:
755:
752:
740:Pour le Mérite
731:Pour le Mérite
665:Oswald Boelcke
640:Pour le Mérite
618:in 1873, Tsar
592:Pour le Mérite
575:Pour le Mérite
561:Pour le Mérite
538:Pour le Mérite
509:Pour le Mérite
506:and the words
478:Pour le Mérite
471:
470:
385:
383:
376:
370:
369:Military class
367:
349:Pour le Mérite
341:Pour le Mérite
320:Pour le Mérite
298:Pour le Mérite
273:Pour le Mérite
264:order of merit
210:Pour le Mérite
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
175:Pour le Mérite
163:Pour le Mérite
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
109:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:Pour le Mérite
38:
26:
24:
18:Pour le Merite
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6069:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5943:Saxony-Anhalt
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5824:
5819:
5817:
5812:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5570:
5563:
5559:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5543:
5536:
5532:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5225:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5186:
5185:Wilhelm Order
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5156:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4965:Order of Olga
4962:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4666:
4665:Wilhelm-Orden
4662:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4397:Wilhelm-Orden
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4294:(Afghanistan)
4292:
4289:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4265:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4063:Order of Rama
4061:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4031:Nkwe ya Gauta
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3970:(Philippines)
3968:
3965:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3946:(Netherlands)
3944:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3895:
3894:Ashoka Chakra
3891:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3447:
3432:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:Lehmann 1913a
3292:
3289:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3269:Lehmann 1913a
3265:
3262:
3258:
3257:Lehmann 1913a
3253:
3250:
3246:
3245:Lehmann 1913a
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:Lehmann 1913a
3229:
3226:
3222:
3221:Lehmann 1913a
3217:
3214:
3210:
3209:Lehmann 1913a
3205:
3202:
3198:
3197:Lehmann 1913a
3193:
3190:
3186:
3185:Lehmann 1913a
3181:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:Lehmann 1913a
3148:
3145:
3141:
3140:Lehmann 1913a
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:Lehmann 1913a
3124:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3095:Lehmann 1913a
3091:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:Lehmann 1913a
3067:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:Lehmann 1913a
3043:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3023:Lehmann 1913a
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2752:
2749:, p. 47.
2748:
2747:Fuhrmann 1992
2743:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2587:
2574:
2571:(in German).
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2544:
2541:(in German).
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2418:, a 1966 film
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:Hermann Hesse
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:Joseph Lister
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:Theodor Heuss
1925:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:Ernst Barlach
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:(Civil class)
1701:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:Otto Weddigen
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:Grand Admiral
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:Grand Admiral
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:Franz Büchner
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:Bruno Loerzer
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:Kurt Wintgens
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:Max Immelmann
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
990:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
951:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:generalissimo
900:
897:
895:
891:
888:
885:
880:
875:
872:
869:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
843:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
811:
807:
803:
800:
796:
792:
789:
786:
782:
777:
772:
769:
768:
764:
761:
753:
751:
749:
746:
741:
735:
732:
727:
726:Otto Weddigen
723:
722:
717:
713:
712:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
688:
684:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:Max Immelmann
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
631:
627:
625:
622:in 1878, and
621:
617:
613:
612:Frederick III
609:
605:
601:
593:
587:
583:
581:
576:
571:
567:
562:
557:
552:
549:
541:
539:
533:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:Maltese Cross
488:
484:
479:
467:
464:
456:
445:
442:
438:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
417:
414: –
413:
409:
408:Find sources:
402:
398:
392:
391:
386:This section
384:
380:
375:
374:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
344:
342:
336:
332:
328:
326:
321:
315:
310:
308:
303:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
230:
221:
213:
211:
200:
197:
193:
188:
184:
176:
170:
164:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:First awarded
125:
118:
113:
112:
111:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
58:
51:
49:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5975:
5913:Lower Saxony
5161:Hesse-Kassel
5112:Ludwig Order
4868:Albert Order
4628:
4381:
4170:
4006:
3981:(peacetime)
3977:(wartime) /
3896:(peacetime)
3892:(wartime) /
3842:Valour Cross
3809:
3802:(Bangladesh)
3799:Bir Sreshtho
3794:(Azerbaijan)
3790:
3706:. Retrieved
3700:
3685:. Retrieved
3680:
3653:. Retrieved
3646:
3624:. Retrieved
3618:
3594:
3583:
3568:
3560:Bibliography
3548:; (
3541:
3531:
3520:. Retrieved
3494:
3487:
3476:. Retrieved
3456:
3449:
3438:. Retrieved
3418:
3399:
3393:
3374:
3364:14 September
3362:. Retrieved
3348:
3340:
3335:
3325:13 September
3323:. Retrieved
3312:
3303:
3291:
3282:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3169:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3112:
3102:
3090:
3083:Lehmann 1913
3078:
3066:
3059:Lehmann 1913
3054:
3042:
3035:Lehmann 1913
3030:
3018:
3011:Lehmann 1913
3006:
2999:Lehmann 1913
2994:
2983:. Retrieved
2973:
2963:
2956:Lehmann 1913
2951:
2944:Lehmann 1913
2939:
2932:Lehmann 1913
2927:
2916:
2906:
2899:Lehmann 1913
2894:
2883:
2873:
2866:Lehmann 1913
2861:
2854:Lehmann 1913
2849:
2842:Lehmann 1913
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2812:
2793:
2771:. Retrieved
2761:
2754:
2742:
2735:Lehmann 1913
2730:
2723:Lehmann 1913
2718:
2711:Lehmann 1913
2706:
2696:
2689:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2645:. Retrieved
2636:
2627:
2616:. Retrieved
2596:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2568:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2510:
2507:Mangold, Max
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2469:
2462:
2455:Lehmann 1913
2428:
2415:The Blue Max
2413:
2372:
2344:
2340:Gloria Artis
2323:
2318:confers the
2306:confers the
2301:
2296:
2288:
2276:
2266:
2255:In 2021, 14
2254:
2250:Herta Müller
2248:(2019), and
2244:(2018), Sir
2234:Gidon Kremer
2231:
2227:Svante Pääbo
2225:(2006), and
2175:Karl Jaspers
2159:Lise Meitner
2120:
2101:
2092:wearing his
2078:(1929), and
2061:
2055:(1911), and
2002:
1957:
1936:
1924:West Germany
1921:
1917:
1902:
1889:
1872:
1867:, appointed
1862:
1759:West Germany
1739:
1684:Paul Behncke
1674:Otto Hersing
1668:Oberleutnant
1667:
1638:
1623:Kriegsmarine
1595:
1583:
1553:Franz Hipper
1491:
1476:Ernst Jünger
1452:Max Hoffmann
1374:Schutztruppe
1263:Oberleutnant
1262:
1259:Erwin Rommel
1214:Fritz Pütter
1126:Josef Jacobs
1005:1871 to 1914
992:in the 1864
765:1740 to 1871
736:
720:
716:Otto Hersing
710:
700:
689:
685:
673:
636:
603:
599:
597:
553:
545:
535:
504:royal cypher
494:with golden
474:
459:
450:
440:
433:
426:
419:
407:
395:Please help
390:verification
387:
346:
338:
317:
311:
307:Ernst Jünger
304:
294:
250:
249:
207:
205:
135:Last awarded
130:16 June 1740
79:Presented by
45:
36:
5896:Brandenburg
5763:Free cities
4473:Merit Cross
4283:Grass Crown
4121:New Zealand
4050:(Sri Lanka)
3775:(Argentina)
3683:(in German)
3314:Der Spiegel
2600:. Penguin.
2291:), and the
2257:Nobel Prize
2219:Wim Wenders
2211:Umberto Eco
2191:Karl Popper
2187:Henry Moore
2167:Felix Bloch
2135:Thomas Mann
1998:Franz Liszt
1974:Jakob Grimm
1911:(1929) and
1778:Awarded for
1770:Eligibility
1729:Established
1691:Civil class
1517:German navy
1253:German army
1196:Paul Bäumer
1120:Werner Voss
1108:World War I
818:, Prussian
793:, Prussian
645:World War I
600:Grand Cross
556:World War I
524:(1747) and
106:Established
90:Eligibility
85:(1740–1918)
5991:Categories
4427:Kulm Cross
4422:Iron Cross
4230:(Rhodesia)
4066:(Thailand)
3991:(Portugal)
3962:(Pakistan)
3938:(Malaysia)
3821:(Bulgaria)
3655:1 December
3522:2018-09-14
3478:2020-10-03
3440:2023-12-11
2985:2020-10-03
2828:2017-06-30
2773:2018-09-13
2647:2017-08-14
2618:2020-10-03
2491:2018-09-12
2423:References
2116:Emil Nolde
2057:Max Planck
1877:humanities
1836:Statistics
1810:Chancellor
1329:, Awarded
1160:Kurt Wolff
1100:Ernst Udet
901:, Russian
748:Wilhelm II
653:propaganda
566:flying ace
453:April 2022
423:newspapers
260:Blauer Max
190:Precedence
5955:Thuringia
4107:Australia
4090:(Ukraine)
4026:(Somalia)
3999:(Romania)
3951:War Cross
3914:(Ireland)
3877:(Germany)
3861:(Finland)
3853:(Estonia)
3845:(Denmark)
3837:(Croatia)
3813:(Belarus)
3783:(Armenia)
3708:10 August
3687:10 August
3283:The Times
2143:Carl Orff
2108:Otto Hahn
1885:fine arts
1639:Lusitania
1637:RMS
1631:, German
1571:, German
1561:, German
1535:, German
1525:, German
626:in 1879.
608:Wilhelm I
262:), is an
243:For Merit
5931:Saarland
4222:(Latvia)
4140:Obsolete
4082:(Uganda)
4074:(Turkey)
4058:(Sweden)
4018:(Serbia)
3983:(Poland)
3954:(Norway)
3922:(Israel)
3885:(Greece)
3869:(France)
3747:Highest
3626:29 March
3513:Archived
3472:Archived
3431:Archived
3383:Archived
3358:Archived
3319:Archived
2979:Archived
2971:(1799).
2822:Archived
2767:Archived
2641:Archived
2612:Archived
2579:29 March
2573:Archived
2549:29 March
2543:Archived
2539:Preussen
2509:(2015).
2485:Archived
2403:See also
2330:has the
2252:(2021).
2240:(2017),
2236:(2016),
2229:(2008).
2221:(2005),
2217:(1999),
2213:(1998),
2209:(1997),
2205:(1996),
2201:(1993),
2197:(1990),
2193:(1980),
2189:(1972),
2185:(1967),
2181:(1967),
2177:(1964),
2173:(1961),
2169:(1959),
2165:(1957),
2161:(1957),
2157:(1957),
2153:(1956),
2149:(1956),
2145:(1956),
2141:(1955),
2137:(1955),
2133:(1954),
2129:(1954),
2125:(1954),
2082:(1929).
2074:(1924),
2070:(1923),
2066:(1923),
2059:(1915).
2051:(1911),
2047:(1910),
2043:(1908),
2039:(1901),
2035:(1899),
2031:(1887),
2027:(1887),
2019:(1884),
2015:(1874),
2011:(1868),
2007:(1868),
1915:(1933).
1907:(1923),
1898:the arts
1596:Seeadler
1492:Leutnant
961:Prussian
677:zeppelin
528:(1750).
526:Voltaire
520:(1747),
284:and the
251:Blue Max
5884:Bavaria
5832:of the
4042:(Spain)
3930:(Italy)
3898:(India)
3829:(China)
3765:Current
2535:"Orden"
2355:Belgium
2316:Austria
2279:), the
2098:in 2014
2023:(1885)
1820:Website
1794:Founder
1762:Germany
1750:Country
1376:in the
964:general
824:colonel
806:captain
795:colonel
783:during
657:fighter
606:: King
437:scholar
237:
225:French:
216:German:
101:Extinct
5951:
5945:
5939:
5937:Saxony
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5890:Berlin
5886:
5880:
5867:of the
5844:of the
4350:Orders
4114:Canada
3906:(Iran)
3605:
3505:
3464:
3406:
2800:
2677:
2604:
2517:
2477:
2347:France
2336:Poland
2328:France
2114:, and
1789:Extant
1786:Status
1738:1952 (
1633:U-boat
1619:U-boat
745:Kaiser
724:) and
692:U-boat
614:) and
514:French
496:eagles
439:
432:
425:
418:
410:
280:, the
270:. The
256:German
98:Status
5964:Other
5902:Hesse
4007:title
3810:title
3791:title
3599:(PDF)
3516:(PDF)
3499:(PDF)
3434:(PDF)
3427:(PDF)
2665:[
2439:Notes
1584:Emden
444:JSTOR
430:books
359:medal
143:Total
39:Award
3710:2024
3689:2024
3657:2022
3628:2022
3603:ISBN
3503:ISBN
3462:ISBN
3404:ISBN
3366:2018
3327:2018
2798:ISBN
2675:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2581:2022
2551:2022
2515:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2338:the
2310:and
1996:and
1984:and
1883:and
1721:Type
1678:U-21
966:and
850:1752
737:The
721:U-21
711:U-20
701:U-35
663:and
637:The
475:The
416:news
295:The
234:lit.
206:The
146:5415
69:Type
3168:",
3111:",
2915:",
2882:",
2361:or
2349:'s
2299:).
2283:'s
2271:'s
1829:.de
1825:www
1106:of
1104:ace
704:),
399:by
361:or
5993::
3699:.
3679:.
3645:.
3540:,
3511:.
3470:.
3429:.
3311:.
2782:^
2639:.
2635:.
2610:.
2567:.
2537:.
2483:.
2447:^
2379::
2118:.
2110:,
2106:,
2000:.
1992:,
1980:,
1976:,
1972:,
1968:,
1879:,
959:,
734:.
714:)
683:.
568:,
365:.
258::
232:,
223:;
5822:e
5815:t
5808:v
4532:e
4525:t
4518:v
4328:e
4321:t
4314:v
4123:)
4098:(
3740:e
3733:t
3726:v
3712:.
3691:.
3659:.
3630:.
3611:.
3576:.
3552:)
3525:.
3481:.
3443:.
3412:.
3368:.
3329:.
2988:.
2831:.
2806:.
2776:.
2683:.
2650:.
2621:.
2583:.
2553:.
2523:.
2494:.
2287:(
2275:(
1742:)
1642:.
1625:.
1549:.
1402:.
1090:.
1059:.
1000:.
870:.
860:.
812:.
787:.
718:(
708:(
698:(
466:)
460:(
455:)
451:(
441:·
434:·
427:·
420:·
393:.
254:(
246:'
240:'
214:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
