359:(a) The maturation of a follicle is shown in a clockwise direction proceeding from the primordial follicles. FSH stimulates the growth of a tertiary follicle, and LH stimulates the production of estrogen by granulosa and theca cells. Once the follicle is mature, it ruptures and releases the oocyte. Cells remaining in the follicle then develop into the corpus luteum. (b) In this electron micrograph of a secondary follicle, the oocyte, theca cells (thecae folliculi), and developing antrum are clearly visible. Electron microscopy images
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of, the matching strand (termed “homologous recombinational repair”). Titus et al. (2013) found that, as humans (and mice) age, expression of four key DNA repair genes necessary for homologous recombinational repair declines in oocytes. They hypothesized that DNA double-strand break repair is vital for the maintenance of oocyte reserve, and that a decline in efficiency of repair with age plays a key role in the depletion of the ovarian reserve (ovarian aging).
42:
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520:, the basic structure of the mature follicle has formed and no novel cells are detectable. Granulosa and theca cells continue to undergo mitotis concomitant with an increase in antrum volume. Tertiary follicles can attain a tremendous size that is hampered only by the availability of FSH, which it is now dependent on.
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Recently, two publications have challenged the idea that a finite number of follicles are set around the time of birth. Renewal of ovarian follicles from germline stem cells (originating from bone marrow and peripheral blood) was reported in the postnatal mouse ovary. Studies attempting to replicate
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Note: Many sources misrepresent the pace of follicle growth, some even suggesting that it takes only fourteen days for a primordial follicle to become preovulatory. Actually, the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle means the time between selection of a tertiary follicle and its subsequent growth
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As women (and mice) age, double-strand breaks accumulate in their primordial follicle reserve. These follicles contain primary oocytes that are arrested in prophase of the first cell division of meiosis. Double-strand breaks are accurately repaired during meiosis by searching for, and building off
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The curve describes the percentage of ovarian reserve remaining at ages from birth to 55 years, based on the ADC model. 100% is taken to be the maximum ovarian reserve, occurring at 18–22 weeks post-conception. The percentages apply to all women whose ovarian reserve declines in line with our model
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The pattern of this emergence of a cohort of five to seven antral follicles is debated. There are theories of continuous recruitment of antral follicles, theories of a single recruitment episode at the end of the luteal phase, and more recently there has been evidence for a recruitment model marked
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The endocrine system coincides with the menstrual cycle and goes through thirteen cycles (and thus thirteen LH spikes) during the course of normal folliculogenesis. However, coordinated enzyme signalling and the time-specific expression of hormonal receptors ensures that follicle growth does not
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The late-term secondary follicle is marked histologically and structurally by a fully grown oocyte surrounded by a zona pellucida, approximately nine layers of granulosa cells, a basal lamina, a theca interna, a capillary net, and a theca externa. The development of the antrum also starts taking
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Following ovulation, LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum. Estrogen has since dropped to negative stimulatory levels after ovulation and therefore serves to maintain the concentration of FSH and LH. Inhibin, which is also secreted by the corpus luteum, contributes to FSH inhibition.
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At low concentration, estrogen inhibits gonadotropins, but high concentration of estrogen stimulates them. In addition, as more estrogen is secreted, more LH receptors are made by the theca cells, inciting theca cells to create more androgen that will become estrogen downstream. This positive
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GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland that will later have a stimulatory effect on follicle growth (not immediately, however, because only antral follicles are dependent on FSH and LH). When theca cells form in the tertiary follicle the amount of estrogen
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A rise in pituitary FSH caused by the disintegration of the corpus luteum at the conclusion of a menstrual cycle precipitates the recruitment of five to seven class 5 follicles to participate in the next cycle. These follicles enter the end of the prior menstrual cycle and transition into the
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Folliculogenesis is continuous, meaning that at any time the ovary contains follicles in many stages of development. The majority of follicles die and never complete development. A few develop fully to produce a secondary oocyte which is released by rupture of the follicle in a process called
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The supply of follicles decreases slightly before birth, and to 500,000 by puberty for the average case (populations at puberty range from 25,000 to 1.5 million). By virtue of the "inefficient" nature of folliculogenesis (discussed later), only 400–500 of these follicles will ever reach the
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Follicle ‘selection’ is the process by which a single ‘dominant’ follicle is chosen from the recruited cohort or wave for preferential growth. It has generally been documented to occur once in the early- to mid- follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to ovulation.
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The estradiol increases and triggers and ovulatory peak of LH (and FSH). This peak (through AMPc) activates the pro-inflammatory genes, which cause the break of the follicle wall and the oocyte gets out. The ruptured follicle will undergo a dramatic transformation into the
782:(i.e. late and early menopause are associated with high and low peak NGF populations, respectively). We estimate that for 95% of women by the age of 30 years only 12% of their maximum pre-birth NGF population is present and by the age of 40 years only 3% remains.
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The oocyte is technically still a secondary oocyte, suspended in the metaphase II of meiosis. It will develop into an ootid, and rapidly thereafter into an ovum (via completion of meiosis II) only upon fertilization. The oocyte will now travel down one of the
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During follicular development, primordial follicles undergo a series of critical changes in character, both histologically and hormonally. First they change into primary follicles and later into secondary follicles. The follicles then transition to
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The process by which primordial cells 'wake up' is known as initial recruitment. Research has shown that initial recruitment is mediated by the counterbalance of various stimulatory and inhibitory hormones and locally produced growth factors.
392:, only 1,000 follicles remain. It seems likely that early menopause occurs for women with low populations at birth, and late menopause occurs for women with high populations at birth, but there is as yet no clinical evidence for this.
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The early tertiary follicle is arbitrarily divided into five classes. Class 1 follicles are 0.2 mm in diameter, class 2 about 0.4 mm, class 3 about 0.9 mm, class 4 about 2 mm, and class 5 about 5 mm.
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Class 6 follicles are about 10 mm in diameter, class 7 about 16 mm, and class 8 about 20 mm. It is common for non-dominant follicles to grow beyond class 5, but rarely is there more than one class 8 follicle.
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forms around the oocyte, separating it from the surrounding granulosa cells.The zona pellucida, which remains with the oocyte after ovulation, contains enzymes that catalyze with sperm to allow penetration.
145:, clutches of follicles begin folliculogenesis, entering a growth pattern that ends in ovulation (the process where the oocyte leaves the follicle) or in atresia (death of the follicle's granulosa cells).
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determined that by the time women are 30 years old, only 10% of their non-growing follicles (NGFs) remain. At birth, women have all their follicles for folliculogenesis, and they steadily decline until
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will not be able to develop further; they will show retardation of their growth rate and become atretic. Eventually, only one follicle will be viable. This remaining follicle, called the
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These two steps, while not part of folliculogenesis, are included for completeness. They are discussed in their entirety by their respective articles, and placed into perspective by the
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pathways that are vital for communication between the follicle and oocyte are formed. Both the oocyte and the follicle grow dramatically, increasing to almost 0.1 mm in diameter.
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372:(foetal female ovary) contains its peak number of follicles (about 4 to 5 million in the average case, but individual peak populations range from 6 to 7 million). These
427:(FSH) at this time, but they are gonadotropin-independent until the antral stage. Research has shown, however, that the presence of FSH accelerates follicle growth
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of all constituent cells and the oocyte. Although it is not known what causes atresia, the presence of high concentrations of FSH has been shown to prevent it.
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are incapable of responding to the hormonal cues that previously recruited some follicles to mature. This depletion in follicle supply signals the beginning of
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Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee H, Adams G, Niikura Y, Tschudy K, Tilly J, Cortes M, Forkert R, Spitzer T, Iacomini J, Scadden D, Tilly J (2005).
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Under action of an oocyte-secreted morphogenic gradient, the granulosa cells of the tertiary follicle undergo differentiation into four distinct subtypes:
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support. From the whole pool of follicles a woman is born with, only 0.1% of them will rise ovulation, whereas 99.9% will break down (in a process called
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or
Graafian follicles. Definitions differ in where this shift occurs in the staging given above, with some stating that it occurs when entering the
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de
Ziegler D (2007), "Roles of FSH and LH during the follicular phase: insight into the natural cycle IVF", RBM Online volume 15 No. 5, page 508
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153:. At this stage in development, they become dependent on hormones, particularly FSH which causes a substantial increase in their growth rate.
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459:. An intricate network of capillary vessels forms between these two thecal layers and begins to circulate blood to and from the follicle.
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384:. Because primordial follicles can be dormant for up to 50 years in humans, the length of the ovarian cycle does not include this time.
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these results are underway, but a study of populations in 325 human ovaries found no supporting evidence for follicular replenishment.
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Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru J, Tilly J (2004). "Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary".
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by 2 - 3 waves of follicle recruitment and development during the menstrual cycle (only one of which is actually an ovulatory wave).
539:, which connects the membrana and corona radiata granulosa cells together. Each type of cell behaves differently in response to FSH.
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to eventually be discharged through menstruation in the case that it is unfertilized or if it is not successfully implanted in the
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1700:"Developmental exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors: Consequences within the ovary and on female reproductive function"
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At this point, the majority of the group of follicles that started growth have died. This process of follicle death is known as
380:(support cells) that are segregated from the oocyte's environment by the basal lamina. They are quiescent, showing little to no
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2547:
1202:"Growth rates of ovarian follicles during natural menstrual cycles, oral contraception cycles, and ovarian stimulation cycles"
707:. Five hormones participate in an intricate process of positive and negative feedback to regulate folliculogenesis. They are:
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408:, the granulosa cells of the primordial follicles change from a flat to a cuboidal structure, marking the beginning of the
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is about 1.5 mm per day (±0.1 mm), both in natural cycles and for any dominant follicle developing while taking
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The growing follicle passes through the following distinct stages that are defined by certain structural characteristics:
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Titus, S; Li, F; Stobezki, R; Akula, K; Unsal, E; Jeong, K; Dickler, M; Robson, M; Moy, F; Goswami, S; Oktay, K (2013).
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In a larger perspective, the whole folliculogenesis, from primordial to preovulatory follicle, belongs to the stage of
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Stroma-like theca cells are recruited by oocyte-secreted signals. They surround the follicle's outermost layer, the
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of the next one. The selected follicles, called antral follicles, compete with each other for growth-inducing FSH.
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348:. During the late preovulatory stage, the oocyte continues meiosis and becomes a secondary oocyte, arrested in
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Vandenhurk, R.; Bevers, M.; Beckers, J. (1997). "In-vivo and in-vitro development of preantral follicles".
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1665:"Formation of mammalian oocytes and their growth, differentiation and maturation within ovarian follicles"
1352:"Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood"
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Progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibits the follicular growth and maintains the pregnancy.
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By the end of the follicular (or proliferative) phase of the thirteenth day of the menstrual cycle, the
1452:"Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans"
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Until the preovulatory stage, the follicle contains a primary oocyte that is arrested in prophase of
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Gougeon A (1986). "Dynamics of follicular growth in the human: a model from preliminary results".
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Definitions differ as to which stage this shift occurs in, with some designating follicles in the
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increases sharply (theca-derived androgen is aromatized into estrogen by the granulosa cells).
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As with most things related to the reproductive system, folliculogenesis is controlled by the
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Fortune, JE; Yang, MY; Muruvi, W (2010). Lucy, MC; Pate, JL; Smith, MF; Spencer, TE (eds.).
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Although the process is similar in many animals, this article will deal exclusively with
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feedback loop causes LH to spike sharply, and it is this spike that causes ovulation.
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Diagram of folliculogenesis, starting from pre-antral (late secondary), courtesy NCBI
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652:. In natural cycles, ovulation may occur in follicles that are at least 14 mm.
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into a preovulatory follicle. The actual time for development of a follicle varies.
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leads to a greater recruitment of follicles, growing at about 1.6 mm per day.
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In response to the rise of FSH, the antral follicles begin to secrete estrogen and
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1534:"The earliest stages of follicular development: follicle formation and activation"
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1601:"Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses"
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648:, and excrete the oocyte with a complement of cumulus cells in a process called
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1165:"Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: A review"
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929:"Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: a review"
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Late tertiary and preovulatory (the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle)
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Section of the ovary. (#5 through #9 represent stages of folliculogenesis)
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Caglar G, Asimakopoulos B, Nikolettos N, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S (2005).
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The formation of a fluid-filled cavity adjacent to the oocyte called the
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Folliculogenesis
Graphic Depicting Hormones Involved at anshlabs.com
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82:. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small
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33:
1200:
Baerwald, Angela R.; Walker, Randy A.; Pierson, Roger A. (2009).
2009:
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Baerwald, Angela R.; Adams, Gregg P.; Pierson, Roger A. (2012).
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article. It is recommended that these three topics be reviewed.
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that still lacks an antrum. An antral follicle is also called a
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layer of the preovulatory follicle will develop an opening, or
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Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (
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Building growth in estrogen concentration, all other follicles
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Primordial follicles are about 0.03–0.05 mm in diameter.
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stage, and others stating that it occurs when entering the
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The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis at nlm.nih.gov
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At 18–22 weeks post-conception, the cortex of the female
1283:"Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause"
1048:"Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause"
779:
Percentage of ovarian reserve related to increasing age.
676:, a steroidiogenic cluster of cells that maintains the
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Morphology and
Physiology of the Ovary at endotext.org
1281:
Wallace, W. Hamish B.; Thomas W. Kelsey (2010-01-27).
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contain immature oocytes surrounded by flat, squamous
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ruptures and discharges the oocyte (that has become a
554:, which are aromatized by granulosa cells to produce
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137:. These follicles each contain a similarly immature
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765:become disregulated during these premature spikes.
680:of the uterus by the secretion of large amounts of
299:, no further cytodifferentiation, no novel progress
412:. The oocyte genome is activated and genes become
451:, and undergo cytodifferentiation to become the
1117:"The primordial to primary follicle transition"
620:The growth of the dominant follicle during the
562:. Consequently, estrogen levels begin to rise.
3015:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
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1590:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
1115:Fortune J, Cushman R, Wahl C, Kito S (2000).
27:Process of maturation of primordial follicles
8:
985:Human physiology : from cells to system
272:The follicle is now 0.2 mm in diameter
325:In addition, follicles that have formed an
155:The late tertiary or pre-ovulatory follicle
133:of the human female contain many immature,
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434:A glycoprotein polymer capsule called the
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987:. Australia; United States: Brooks/Cole.
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981:, section "formation of the antrum" in:
208:
1499:"Recombinant LH in ovarian stimulation"
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423:Primary follicles develop receptors to
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3702:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
1648:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136365
576:, and it is characterized by radical
7:
2573:Infra-corporeal residual spongy part
1698:Uzumcu, Mehmet; Zachow, Rob (2007).
1682:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.005
269:, multiple layers of granulosa cells
121:The primary role of the follicle is
3697:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
630:controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
527:, surrounding the zona pellucida;
463:place in secondary follicle stage
58:6 - Deterioration of corpus luteum
25:
1776:Reproductive Physiology at ufp.pt
1046:Wallace, WHB; Kelsey, TW (2010).
788:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772.g005
550:by the theca cells, most notably
504:, and others designating them as
1219:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.054
902:
890:
811:Depletion of the ovarian reserve
626:combined oral contraceptive pill
546:). LH induces the production of
531:, interior to the basal lamina;
231:, small, only one layer of flat
3162:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
2569:Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa
1663:van den Hurk R, Zhao J (2005).
636:Ovulation and the corpus luteum
255:Almost 0.1 mm in diameter
150:
134:
94:that occurs in part during the
84:
1724:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.10.006
1257:(2 ed.). Academic Press.
909:transitional primary follicle.
712:gonadotropin-releasing hormone
481:designates the follicle as an
151:tertiary, or antral, follicles
1:
3845:Human female endocrine system
1516:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61123-6
1134:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00240-3
1026:10.1016/S0093-691X(96)00341-X
535:, adjacent to the antrum and
485:, in contrast to a so-called
3840:Animal developmental biology
3183:Menstrual hygiene management
3134:Premenstrual water retention
3108:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
3073:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1550:10.7313/upo9781907284991.018
1468:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004925
1318:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772
1255:Encyclopedia of Reproduction
1083:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772
983:Sherwood, Lauralee. (2010).
798:In 2010, researchers at the
728:follicle-stimulating hormone
425:follicle stimulating hormone
161:), ending folliculogenesis.
74:, a densely packed shell of
2717:Internal urethral sphincter
1253:Michael K. Skinner (2018).
877:Oocyte maturation inhibitor
832:ovarian follicle activation
406:ovarian follicle activation
3861:
3687:Reproductive endocrinology
1812:Female reproductive system
1369:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.031
470:
202:
78:that contains an immature
45:Order of changes in ovary.
3755:Human reproductive system
3078:Metropathia haemorrhagica
2988:Billings Ovulation Method
2722:External urethral orifice
2712:External sphincter muscle
2707:Internal urethral orifice
2516:Vestibular gland openings
2478:Posterior labial arteries
933:Human Reproduction Update
70:is the maturation of the
3293:Sustainable menstruation
3273:Menstruation celebration
2636:Superficial dorsal veins
2626:Internal pudendal artery
3235:In culture and religion
2789:Uterine venous plexuses
2651:Internal pudendal veins
2449:Posterior labial nerves
1704:Reproductive Toxicology
1552:(inactive 2024-03-31).
1538:Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl
1206:Fertility and Sterility
800:University of Edinburgh
714:(GnRH) secreted by the
388:preovulatory stage. At
50:2 - Developing follicle
3777:Diseases and disorders
3586:Sexual differentiation
3063:Irregular menstruation
3020:Lactational amenorrhea
2983:Calendar-based methods
2952:Basal body temperature
2483:Posterior labial veins
2454:Anterior labial nerves
2283:Pubocervical ligaments
791:
360:
173:
91:preovulatory follicles
59:
3809:Premature ejaculation
3804:Hard flaccid syndrome
3474:Human sexual activity
3263:Menstrual suppression
3225:Menstrual Hygiene Day
3157:Premenstrual syndrome
2794:Vaginal venous plexus
2278:Uterosacral ligaments
1618:10.1210/edrv-17-2-121
946:10.1093/humupd/dmr039
776:
684:and minor amounts of
609:preovulatory follicle
471:Further information:
358:
203:Further information:
177:Phases of development
171:
44:
3799:Erectile dysfunction
2837:Uterotubal junctions
2439:Posterior commissure
2304:Urogenital diaphragm
2193:Supravaginal portion
2115:Vesicular appendages
2080:Suspensory ligaments
2024:Fallopian tubes
1503:Reprod Biomed Online
374:primordial follicles
135:primordial follicles
85:primordial follicles
18:Primordial follicles
3578:reproductive system
3566:Vaginal lubrication
3344:sexual reproduction
3198:Cloth menstrual pad
3167:Menstrual psychosis
3129:Menstrual synchrony
2978:Fertility awareness
2832:Vesicouterine pouch
2583:Commissure of bulbs
2548:Suspensory ligament
2434:Anterior commissure
2057:Intramural segments
1937:Germinal epithelium
1921:Perivitelline space
1716:2007RepTx..23..337U
1421:10.1038/nature02316
1413:2004Natur.428..145J
1309:2010PLoSO...5.8772W
1121:Mol Cell Endocrinol
1074:2010PLoSO...5.8772W
847:human fertilization
769:Number of follicles
734:luteinizing hormone
418:paracrine signaling
382:biological activity
129:). From birth, the
52:3 - Mature follicle
3576:Development of the
3487:Sexual intercourse
2827:Rectouterine pouch
2553:Fundiform ligament
2369:Support structures
2324:Bartholin's glands
2273:Cardinal ligaments
2085:Pampiniform plexus
1916:Membrana granulosa
1599:Gougeon A (1996).
872:Follicular atresia
862:reproductive cycle
792:
487:preantral follicle
361:
174:
127:follicular atresia
60:
3822:
3821:
3591:Sexual dimorphism
3556:Postpartum period
3306:
3305:
3001:
3000:
2886:Events and phases
2845:
2844:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2641:Deep dorsal veins
2621:Arteries of bulbs
2565:Corpora cavernosa
2488:Interlabial sulci
2429:Labiocrural folds
2382:
2381:
2317:Vestibular glands
2312:
2311:
2130:
2129:
2097:Wolffian vestiges
2075:Ovarian ligaments
2018:
2017:
1894:Follicular antrum
994:978-0-495-39184-5
884:Additional images
605:dominant follicle
518:tertiary follicle
491:Graafian follicle
323:
322:
101:Contrary to male
56:5 - Corpus luteum
36:folliculogenesis.
16:(Redirected from
3852:
3561:Mechanics of sex
3370:Follicular phase
3340:Human physiology
3333:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3278:Menstruation hut
3258:Menstrual stigma
3218:Period underwear
3188:Feminine hygiene
3124:Folliculogenesis
3068:Menometrorrhagia
2942:
2898:Follicular phase
2872:
2865:
2858:
2849:
2749:Ovarian arteries
2682:Tunica albuginea
2444:Dartos muliebris
2402:
2393:
2141:
1952:Cumulus oophorus
1942:Tunica albuginea
1899:Follicular fluid
1843:
1834:
1825:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1745:
1735:
1694:
1684:
1659:
1630:
1620:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1571:
1528:
1518:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1407:(6979): 145–50.
1396:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1302:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1221:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1136:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1067:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1008:
999:
998:
976:
967:
966:
948:
924:
906:
894:
827:ovarian follicle
705:endocrine system
699:Hormone function
642:cumulus oophorus
622:follicular phase
586:follicular phase
537:cumulus oophorus
467:Antrum formation
410:primary follicle
331:antral follicles
209:
159:secondary oocyte
72:ovarian follicle
68:folliculogenesis
48:1 - Menstruation
21:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3772:
3749:
3716:
3689:and infertility
3688:
3681:
3658:
3577:
3570:
3468:
3398:Spermatogenesis
3384:
3352:Menstrual cycle
3346:
3337:
3307:
3302:
3268:Menstrual taboo
3253:Menstrual leave
3229:
3171:
3143:
3139:Sexual activity
3112:
3103:Polymenorrhagia
3088:Oligoamenorrhea
3048:Cryptomenorrhea
3024:
2997:
2993:Creighton Model
2966:
2933:
2912:
2881:
2879:Menstrual cycle
2876:
2846:
2841:
2822:Perineal sponge
2817:Urethral sponge
2800:
2769:Spiral arteries
2726:
2688:
2611:Dorsal arteries
2588:Pars intermedia
2519:
2505:Vaginal orifice
2378:
2333:
2308:
2287:
2268:Broad ligaments
2263:Round ligaments
2249:
2204:
2126:
2105:Gartner's ducts
2091:
2061:
2014:
1973:
1925:
1814:
1809:
1752:
1697:
1662:
1633:
1598:
1582:
1560:
1531:
1496:
1493:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1045:
1044:
1033:
1011:
1009:
1002:
995:
982:
977:
970:
926:
925:
921:
917:
910:
907:
898:
895:
886:
881:
867:spermatogenesis
852:menstrual cycle
837:granulosa cells
822:
813:
771:
701:
693:menstrual cycle
664:(if previously
658:fallopian tubes
638:
568:
514:
483:antral follicle
475:
473:Antral follicle
469:
445:
402:
378:granulosa cells
366:
252:granulosa cells
248:Mitotic cells,
207:
179:
119:
103:spermatogenesis
96:menstrual cycle
57:
55:
53:
51:
49:
47:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3482:Sexual arousal
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:spermatogonium
3394:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Period poverty
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3117:Related events
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Oligoovulation
3095:
3093:Oligomenorrhea
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2957:Cervical mucus
2954:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2764:Vaginal artery
2761:
2759:Arcuate artery
2756:
2754:Uterine artery
2751:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:Urethral crest
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2666:Pudendal nerve
2663:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2646:Veins of bulbs
2643:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:Perineal nerve
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Pudendal cleft
2416:
2410:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2329:Skene's glands
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Zona pellucida
1908:
1906:Corona radiata
1903:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1750:External links
1748:
1747:
1746:
1710:(3): 337–352.
1695:
1675:(6): 1717–51.
1669:Theriogenology
1660:
1631:
1596:
1558:
1529:
1492:
1491:
1456:Sci Transl Med
1442:
1391:
1342:
1270:
1263:
1241:
1212:(2): 440–449.
1189:
1180:
1156:
1127:(1–2): 53–60.
1107:
1031:
1014:Theriogenology
1000:
993:
968:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
908:
901:
899:
896:
889:
885:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
818:
812:
809:
770:
767:
750:
749:
744:
739:
738:
737:
731:
718:
700:
697:
637:
634:
567:
564:
552:androstendione
525:corona radiata
513:
512:Early tertiary
510:
468:
465:
444:
441:
436:zona pellucida
416:. Rudimentary
401:
398:
365:
362:
321:
320:
318:
311:
305:
304:
300:
293:
287:
286:
282:
280:
278:Early tertiary
274:
273:
270:
263:
257:
256:
253:
246:
240:
239:
236:
226:
220:
219:
216:
213:
178:
175:
139:primary oocyte
118:
115:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3857:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3745:Breastfeeding
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:Fertilization
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3390:Gametogenesis
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Menstrual pad
3211:
3209:
3208:Menstrual cup
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Menstrual pad
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3149:Mental health
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Hypomenorrhea
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2962:Mittelschmerz
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Ovarian veins
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Clitoral hood
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Dorsal nerves
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Deep arteries
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Ootidogenesis
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:Oocytogenesis
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Hemorrhagicum
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
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1743:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
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1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1611:(2): 121–55.
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1559:9781907284991
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1509:(6): 774–85.
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1362:(2): 303–15.
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:9780128151457
1260:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
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1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1001:
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990:
986:
980:
975:
973:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
914:
905:
900:
893:
888:
883:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:fertilization
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
819:
817:
810:
808:
806:
801:
796:
789:
785:
780:
775:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
748:
745:
743:
740:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
723:
722:gonadotropins
719:
717:
713:
710:
709:
708:
706:
698:
696:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:corpus luteum
669:
667:
663:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
635:
633:
631:
628:. Performing
627:
623:
618:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
601:FSH-receptors
598:
593:
589:
587:
581:
579:
575:
574:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
466:
464:
460:
458:
457:theca interna
454:
453:theca externa
450:
442:
440:
437:
432:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
399:
397:
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
357:
353:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
316:
312:
310:
307:
306:
301:
298:
295:Fully formed
294:
292:
291:Late tertiary
289:
288:
283:
281:
279:
276:
275:
271:
268:
264:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
247:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
217:
214:
211:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
194:ootidogenesis
190:
187:
185:
176:
170:
166:
162:
160:
156:
152:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
116:
114:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
92:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:somatic cells
73:
69:
65:
54:4 - Ovulation
43:
37:
35:
30:
29:
19:
3649:Paternal age
3645:Maternal age
3618:Tanner scale
3601:Virilization
3596:Feminization
3546:Implantation
3532:Insemination
3516:Ejaculation
3492:Masturbation
3408:spermatocyte
3380:Luteal phase
3365:Menstruation
3123:
3083:Metrorrhagia
3053:Dysmenorrhea
2908:Luteal phase
2893:Menstruation
2784:Uterine vein
2739:Blood supply
2466:Labia minora
2419:Labia majora
1969:Retia ovarii
1946:
1854:
1707:
1703:
1672:
1668:
1639:
1635:
1608:
1604:
1586:cite journal
1541:
1537:
1506:
1502:
1462:(172): 172.
1459:
1455:
1445:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1293:(1): e8772.
1290:
1286:
1254:
1244:
1209:
1205:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1169:ResearchGate
1168:
1159:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1058:(1): e8772.
1055:
1051:
1017:
1013:
1010:Page 76 in:
984:
939:(1): 73–91.
936:
932:
922:
814:
797:
793:
778:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:progesterone
716:hypothalamus
702:
690:
682:progesterone
670:
654:
645:
639:
619:
614:
613:
608:
604:
594:
590:
582:
571:
569:
558:, primarily
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
522:
517:
515:
505:
501:
497:
495:
490:
486:
476:
461:
449:basal lamina
446:
433:
428:
422:
409:
403:
394:
386:
373:
367:
350:metaphase II
343:
338:
334:
324:
309:Preovulatory
308:
290:
277:
265:Presence of
260:
243:
223:
191:
188:
180:
163:
147:
120:
100:
89:
83:
67:
61:
31:
3794:Dyspareunia
3789:Dysorgasmia
3735:Development
3043:Anovulation
3007:Suppression
2917:Life stages
2240:Parametrium
2233:Perimetrium
2223:Endometrium
2188:External os
2183:Internal os
2042:Infundibula
1642:(2): 81–7.
678:endometrium
414:transcribed
329:are called
267:theca cells
215:Description
88:into large
3835:Germ cells
3829:Categories
3814:Vaginismus
3784:Anorgasmia
3638:Adrenarche
3633:Spermarche
3613:Gonadarche
3298:Tampon tax
3038:Amenorrhea
2414:Mons pubis
2374:Epithelium
2245:Epithelium
2228:Myometrium
2122:Paroophora
1636:Hum Reprod
1605:Endocr Rev
1544:: 203–16.
1174:2019-01-23
915:References
666:fertilized
533:periantral
364:Primordial
224:Primordial
3740:Lactation
3730:Thelarche
3707:Andrology
3654:Menopause
3551:Pregnancy
3541:Fertility
3496:Erection
3452:Germ cell
3425:Oogenesis
3413:spermatid
3375:Ovulation
3243:Chhaupadi
3030:Disorders
2929:Menopause
2903:Ovulation
2745:Arteries
2607:Arteries
2493:Vestibule
2255:Ligaments
2110:Epoophora
2067:Ligaments
1979:Oogenesis
1847:Follicles
1300:1106.1382
1228:0015-0282
1065:1106.1382
1020:: 73–82.
955:1460-2369
857:ovulation
805:menopause
650:ovulation
578:apoptosis
560:estradiol
556:estrogens
548:androgens
506:preantral
500:stage as
498:secondary
443:Secondary
390:menopause
346:meiosis I
335:secondary
261:Secondary
233:granulosa
205:oogenesis
198:oogenesis
184:ovulation
111:menopause
3677:Vivipary
3647: /
3628:Menarche
3623:Pubarche
3505:Clitoral
3457:gonocyte
3430:oogonium
3360:Menarche
3248:In Islam
2938:Tracking
2924:Menarche
2601:Frenulum
2525:Clitoris
2471:Frenulum
2388:External
2362:Fornices
2047:Fimbriae
2037:Ampullae
1987:Oogonium
1870:Albicans
1820:Internal
1742:17140764
1691:15763114
1578:21755674
1525:15970010
1486:23408054
1429:15014492
1386:19006732
1378:16051153
1337:20111701
1287:PLOS ONE
1236:18249401
1143:10963874
1102:20111701
1052:PLOS ONE
979:Page 769
963:22068695
820:See also
742:estrogen
686:estrogen
529:membrana
429:in vitro
339:tertiary
250:cuboidal
117:Overview
3712:Hormone
3608:Puberty
3176:Hygiene
2971:Systems
2694:Urethra
2657:Nerves
2292:General
2168:Isthmus
2144:Regions
1964:Medulla
1887:Interna
1882:Externa
1838:Ovaries
1733:1950429
1712:Bibcode
1656:3558758
1627:8706629
1569:5316466
1477:5130338
1437:1124530
1409:Bibcode
1328:2811725
1305:Bibcode
1249:Page 34
1151:8746207
1093:2811725
1070:Bibcode
597:inhibin
573:atresia
516:In the
404:During
400:Primary
341:stage.
317:or dead
315:atretic
244:Primary
229:Dormant
143:puberty
131:ovaries
107:ovaries
64:biology
3768:Female
3722:Breast
3525:Female
3512:Orgasm
3500:Penile
3462:gamete
3435:oocyte
3283:Niddah
3203:Tampon
2812:G-spot
2775:Veins
2685:Septum
2678:Fascia
2632:Veins
2597:Corona
2339:Vagina
2299:Glands
2210:Layers
2173:Cervix
2161:Fundus
2156:Cavity
2136:Uterus
2032:Isthmi
1995:Oocyte
1957:Stroma
1947:Cortex
1877:Thecae
1865:Luteum
1855:Corpus
1829:Adnexa
1740:
1730:
1689:
1654:
1625:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1523:
1484:
1474:
1435:
1427:
1401:Nature
1384:
1376:
1335:
1325:
1261:
1234:
1226:
1149:
1141:
1100:
1090:
991:
961:
953:
662:uterus
646:stigma
502:antral
479:antrum
327:antrum
297:antrum
123:oocyte
80:oocyte
3440:ootid
3418:sperm
2945:Signs
2805:Other
2593:Glans
2577:Angle
2543:Bulbs
2538:Crura
2510:Hymen
2498:Fossa
2406:Labia
2397:Vulva
2357:Walls
2352:Rugae
2347:Canal
2200:Horns
2178:Canal
2052:Ostia
2005:Ootid
1930:Other
1433:S2CID
1382:S2CID
1295:arXiv
1147:S2CID
1060:arXiv
730:(FSH)
370:ovary
235:cells
218:Size
212:Stage
141:. At
34:human
3763:Male
3672:Ovum
3520:Male
3445:ovum
2560:Body
2533:Root
2218:Wall
2151:Body
2010:Ovum
1738:PMID
1687:PMID
1652:PMID
1623:PMID
1592:link
1574:PMID
1554:ISBN
1521:PMID
1482:PMID
1425:PMID
1374:PMID
1356:Cell
1333:PMID
1259:ISBN
1251:in:
1232:PMID
1224:ISSN
1139:PMID
1098:PMID
989:ISBN
959:PMID
951:ISSN
736:(LH)
720:two
455:and
3664:Egg
3342:of
1728:PMC
1720:doi
1677:doi
1644:doi
1613:doi
1564:PMC
1546:doi
1511:doi
1472:PMC
1464:doi
1417:doi
1405:428
1364:doi
1360:122
1323:PMC
1313:doi
1214:doi
1129:doi
1125:163
1088:PMC
1078:doi
1022:doi
941:doi
784:doi
668:).
196:of
62:In
3831::
3539:/
1736:.
1726:.
1718:.
1708:23
1706:.
1702:.
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1667:.
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1034:^
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1003:^
971:^
957:.
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937:18
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