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terra, ui delicet per fars, omnes nomines, tam milites quam pedites, qui habeant etatem et posse pugnandi, statim ut hec audierint uel uiderint, quam cicius poterint ei succurrant. Et si quis ei fallerit de iuuamine quod in hoc sibi faceré poterit, perderé debet in perpetuum cuneta que per illum habet; et qui honorem per eum non tenuerit, emendet ei fallimentum et deshonorem quem ei fecerit, cum auere et sacramento manibus propriis iurando, quoniam nema debat fallere ad principem ad tantum opus uel necessitatem
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Cavallers, com pedóns qui hajan edat é poder de combatre, qui açó oirán ni veurán, com pus tots puxan li vajan socorre. E si ningú li fallirá de la ajuda que en açó fer li pora, perdre den tots temps tot quant per ell tenga. E cell qui per ell res no tindrá, esmenli lo falliment, é la deshonor que feta li haurá, ab haver, é ab sagrament, jurant ab las propias mans. Car ningún hom no deu fallir al Príncep á tant gran ops, ó necessitat.
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If by any chance the Prince will be besieged, or he will have his enemies besieged, or he will hear some King or Prince coming against him to battle, he will warn his land, which he acknowledges by letters or messages, or by customs with which the admonished land, it is with barons all men like this
186:
acquired political significance. The
Catalan Courts repeatedly rejected the institution of the Union of Arms of the Duke of Olivares, as it was intended for foreign wars against customs. During the War of the Reapers the population was mobilized alongside the General's Deputation, and to raise an
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The prince had the power to call to arms the noble feudal lords and all men useful for defense in the event of a threat to his person or an invasion of the territory. The assistance had to be as fast as possible, otherwise they were considered guilty of breach of duty, since "no one can fail the
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Princeps namque si quolibet casu obsessus fuerit, uel ipse ídem suos inimicos obsessos tenuerit, uel audierit quemlibet regem uel principem contra se uenire ad debellandum, et terram suam ad succurrendum sibi monuerit, tam per litteras quam per nuncios uel per consuetudines quibus solet amaneri
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Lo Príncep si per qualque cas será assetiat, ó ell tendrá sos inimichs assetiats, ó oirá algún Rey ó Príncep venir contra sí á batallar, amonestará sa terra, que li aconega per letras ó per missatjes, ó per costumas ab las quals sol ésser la terra amonestada, ço es ab baróns tots homens així
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transcended feudal ties and constituted a commitment between the prince and the entire population. It promoted the notion of self-defense, the formation of militias, the possession and display of weapons, and the refusal to participate in armies and foreign wars.
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prince in such an important matter". It could only be invoked if the prince was present. It was not valid outside the
Principality, and implied the right and duty of the Catalans to possess arms, which became an obligation with Pere the Ceremonious .
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The usage was activated by Peter II the Great during the
Crusade against the Crown of Aragon, by Peter III the Ceremonious during the Confiscation of the Kingdom of Mallorca and the War of the Two Fathers, by John the Faithless during
152:. In 1374 it was agreed to exchange the service for an amount of money with which the most fit men were hired for combat, so that it became a fogage or war tax. However, the general mobilization was maintained by invoking the
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and by
Ferdinand I of Antequera during the Revolt of the Count of Urgell . The second half of the segle xiv was the period in which the usage was most often invoked. In 1640 the
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And the one who will have nothing for himself, amends the failure, it is the dishonor that has been done to him, by having, it is by sacrament, swearing with his own hands.
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Princeps namque si quolibet casu obsessus fuerit, uel ipse ídem suos inimicos obsessos tenuerit, uel audierit quemlibet regem uel principem
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of the 11th
Century, it was explicitly included in the Usages until the end of the 16th Century. It was repealed with the
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Pagar al Rey en la Corona de Aragón durante el siglo XIV: Estudios sobre fiscalidad y finanzas reales y urbanas
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Escartín, Eduard (1998). "El usatge "princeps namque" en la edad moderna". In Ramón Casterás
Archidona (ed.).
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Knights, like pawns who are old enough to fight, who will hear or see this, how come they all come to his aid.
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If the prince for any reason is besieged, or has his enemies besieged, or hears of a coming king or prince...
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is derived from the first two words, in Latin, of Usatge 68 (although in some compilations it is number 69):
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La defensa armada contra la revolución: Una historia de las guardias cívicas en la españa del siglo XX
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Fiscalitat i deute públic en dues viles del Camp de
Tarragona: Reus i Valls, segles XIV-XV
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And if no one will fail to help him in this way, he will lose all the time he has for him.
92:(1793-1795), mainly due to the poor situation of the army, and was used again during the
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In the Courts of
Barcelona in 1368, the call was regulated with the contribution of a
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76:(1714), one of the effects of which was the suppression of the army led by General
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Juan II de Aragón (1398-1479): monarquía y revolución en la España del siglo XV
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105:
101:
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Vicens Vives, Jaume (2003). Paul
Freedman i Josep Mª Muñoz i Lloret (ed.).
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Because no one should fail the Prince in such a great opus, or necessity.
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56:, and the organising of its military forces. Included in the first
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523:"Oligarquía, municipio y corona en la Lleida de los Austrias"
475:(in Catalan). Pamplona: Urgoiti editores. pp. 364–365.
342:. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat Barcelona. p. 103.
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en 1368 y sus repercusiones en la ciudad de
Barcelona"
68:, following the defeat of the Catalan supporters of
500:. Barcelona: Rafael Dalmau, Editor. p. 11.
187:Army of the Principality against the troops of
340:Profesor Nazario González: una historia abierta
52:which regulate the defense of the prince and
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156:through the sometent (ringing of bells, or
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96:(1808-1814), against the French Army in
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498:La Coronela de Barcelona. 1705-1714
420:Llegendes històriques de Barcelona
363:Gonzalez Calleja, Eduardo (1995).
23:("Compilation of Usages") of 1413.
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444:Sanchez Martinez, Manuel (2003).
297:Sánchez Martínez, Manuel (2001).
369:(in Catalan). CSIC. p. 58.
35:established the institution of
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310:Barcelona quaderns d'història
74:War of the Spanish Succession
299:"La convocatoria del usatge
521:Passola i Tejedor, Antoni.
417:Prats, Joan de Déu (2009).
94:Spanish War of Independence
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423:. L'Abadia de Montserrat.
312:. núm. 4. Barcelona: 81.
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264:References
169:Invocation
318:1135-3058
277:Bruniquer
116:The term
106:Tarragona
102:Barcelona
282:Archived
242:See also
200:In latin
82:sometent
78:Moragues
66:Philip V
150:commune
146:servant
112:History
72:in the
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526:(PDF)
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325:2010
314:ISSN
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