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interdisciplinary collaborations. In this light, it is far from “impractical” to explore the science of homosexuality and its place in liberalism; indeed, there are surprisingly rich sources, and I look forward to seeing more scholars take advantage of them to understand liberalism in its different shades and spheres."
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may not be an intellectual biography if such a biography must contain a full roster of intellectual giants. But, as I see it, Sullivan’s life and
American liberalism were more diverse and messier, arising from all sorts of interpersonal relationships, including doctor–patient relationships as well as
229:
In his review, Edward G. K. Gitre criticizes it for not clearly defining the term "liberalism" in the context of Harry Stack
Sullivan's views on homosexuality. The reviewer questions the book's focus on Sullivan's private life and homosexuality, suggesting that it falls short of being a comprehensive
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In his review, Peter
Hegarty wrote: "Wake is critical of Sullivan for failing to engage with the racism of a military screening system that excluded a greater proportion of African-Americans than Whites from military service, but she also recognizes that Sullivan leaned toward excluding individual
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By delving into
Sullivan's private life, Wake explores his homosexuality as a key but overlooked aspect of his work. She studies Sullivan's complex views on sexuality and how his attitudes evolved under societal pressures, leading to his involvement in the Selective Service screening during WWII.
225:
In their review, HG Cocks highlights
Sullivan's attempt to understand homosexuality within a social psychology framework, emphasizing societal reactions rather than inherent problems. The review acknowledges the limitations of Sullivan's approach, criticizing the separation of private and public
195:
The book highlights the growing gap between liberal scientists' public and private beliefs, leading to a political backlash against the LGBTQ+ community postwar. Sullivan's unconventional approach at
Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital encouraging same-sex affection, is examined through archival
179:
The book consists of an introduction and six chapters exploring both the public and private lives of influential psychiatrist Harry Stack
Sullivan as a homosexual man. Wake examines Sullivan's evolving views on homosexuality and mental health, spanning from his 1920s practice in Baltimore to
226:
lives among liberal scientists, yet recognizing the challenging circumstances for a broader societal challenge to homophobia. Despite
Sullivan's efforts, the review notes that the flood of homophobic psychiatry in the 1950s and 1960s ultimately overshadowed his contributions.
218:
Carolyn Herbst Lewis praised Wake's meticulous research and intelligent analysis of patient records, highlighting the book's contributions to the history of science, psychiatry, homophobia, racism, and the emergence of sexual citizenship in the mid-20th century.
495:"NaokoWake. Private Practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the Science of Homosexuality, and American Liberalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011. xiii, 263 pp. $ 55.00 (hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-0-8135-4958-3.: BOOK REVIEW"
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men to protect them from military service. She locates
Sullivan’s post-war work with UNESCO as part of a pattern of “paternalistic liberalism” toward those countries that were defeated in World War II, including her own native Japan."
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At
Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital Sullivan treated young men with schizophrenia, many diagnosed with homosexual conflicts. Sullivan's innovative approach included a ward with gay attendants to create a more accepting environment.
456:"More Private than Otherwise: A Review of Private Practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the Science of Homosexuality, and American Liberalism, by Naoko Wake (2011), Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 363 pages"
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post-WWII involvement with UNESCO and WHO. Wake shows the evolution of attitudes towards homosexuality in the early to mid-20th century, focusing on Sullivan and his contemporary social scientists including
222:
Aaron Potenza praised Wake's detailed archival work, calling the book well-written and ambitious, offering valuable insights into the development of social scientific thought on homosexuality.
375:"A Review of "Private Practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the Science of Homosexuality, and American Liberalism": Wake, N. (2011). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, $ 55.00, 263 pp"
155:, highlighting a gap between their public stance (viewing it as a "disease") and private beliefs (questioning such a stigmatizing view). This disparity reflects a modern culture valuing
322:"NAOKO WAKE. Private Practices: Harry Stack Sullivan, the Science of Homosexuality, and American Liberalism. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 2011. Pp. xiii, 263. $ 55.00"
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Miriam Reumann said the book offers a complex portrait, exploring Sullivan's relationships, clinical practices, and contributions to midcentury sexuality studies.
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171:. The book underscores the limits of the scientific approach to subjectivity, emphasizing its impact on shaping sexual subjectivity in American culture.
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In the Introduction, the editors Roger Frie and Pascal Sauvayer reflect on the development of sociocultural understanding of psychiatry and acknowledge
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Wake further examines Sullivan's role in the development of social psychology, particularly his interpersonal theory and views on homosexuality.
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psychiatrist. The book reveals contradictions among liberal intellectuals that influenced the rise of
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Private practices : Harry Stack Sullivan, the science of homosexuality, and American liberalism
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Private practices : Harry Stack Sullivan, the science of homosexuality, and American liberalism
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Culture, Politics and Race in the Making of Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: Breaking Boundaries.
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is a 2011 book by U.S. based-Japanese historian, author, and academic Naoko Wake published by
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History of medicine, American gay psychiatrists, liberalism in 20th century America
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invited Wake to write a response to Gitre's review. In her response, she wrote:
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Winner of the 2023 American Board & Academy of Psychoanalysis Book Prize.
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as “the pathbreaking intellectual biography of Harry Stack Sullivan (2011).”
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From the Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture, University of Virginia
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records, shedding light on the complexities of his own homosexuality.
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The Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
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interdisciplinary history or intellectual biography.
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