871:, giving these new regulation responsibilities to existing officers rather than employing new Protection Officers. This implementation gap results in duties pertaining to the Act being unfulfilled as PO responsibilities fall secondary to the officers' prior duties. Another barrier to the implementation of the law is the lack of meaningful immediate relief for survivors of domestic violence, such as "practical remedies in terms of medical aid, short-stay homes, creche facilities, psychological support, shelter homes or economic or material assistance", according to Shalu Nigam. In most districts, shelter homes are the only available form of immediate relief; survivors of domestic violence often also need "medical treatment, trauma counseling, clothes and ready cash, which are not provided in the shelter homes."
752:
relationships, but women living in the same home with people with whom they are in a domestic relationship with. This protects women from violence within their relationships by marriage (ex: husband-wife, daughter-in-law with father-in-law/mother-in-law/etc), relationships by blood (ex: father-daughter, sister-brother), relationships by adoption (ex: adopted daughter-father), and even relationships in the nature of marriage (ex: live-in relationships, legally invalid marriages). This Act was considered to be the first piece of legislation to provide legal recognition and protection to relationships outside of marriage.
38:
939:, "Another disquieting trend has been that women themselves have not been innocent of abusing women. Some surveys have concluded that 90 percent of dowry complaints are false and were registered primarily to settle scores. It is unfortunate if laws meant to protect women get abused as instruments of oppression. The bottom-line therefore, is the fair invocation of legal provisions and their objective and honest implementation."
867:, there are several gaps in the implementation of laws intended to protect women from domestic violence, including the 2005 Protection of Women Against Domestic Violence Act. Lack of awareness of the law, and therefore the accessibility and awareness of services, types of relief, and legal rights, prevents proper implementation of the law. Some of these implementation issues revolve around some districts, such as
732:. The law came into force on 26 October 2006. For the first time in Indian law, the Act defines "domestic violence", with the definition being broad and including not only physical violence, but also other forms of violence such as emotional, verbal, sexual and psychological abuse. It is a civil law meant primarily for
898:
One criticism revolves around the law's lack of effective force in responding to the criminal act of domestic violence. As the law serves chiefly as a civil law, a further offense (such as violating a
Protection Order issued under this law) is required before triggering criminal law sanctions against
797:
or male live-in partner or his relatives, the law also extends its protection to women living in a household such as sisters, widows or mothers. Domestic violence under the act includes actual abuse, whether physical, sexual, verbal, emotional or economic, or the threat of abuse. This definition also
841:
The Act recognizes the aggrieved person's right to reside in the shared household; however, the Act also establishes the aggrieved person's right to reside in a shelter home as a form of relief. A Protection
Officer or a service provider may also request this shelter on behalf of the aggrieved
854:
Medical facilities are bound to provide free medical aid, even if the aggrieved woman requests aid without any prior recommendation either from the
Protection Officer or the service provider. The obligations of the medical facility are independent of, and shall be fulfilled regardless of the
882:
India's
Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System wrote a report on offenses against women, in which the committee sought to expand the definition of "wife" to include women who lived with a man as his wife for a long period of time "during the subsistence of the first marriage". This
751:
Pursuant to the Act, the aggrieved person is defined as "any woman who is, or has been, in a domestic relationship with the respondent and who alleges to have been subjected to domestic violence by the respondent." This law protects not only women from violence within their husband-wife
890:
The protection of women in non-marital live-in relationships in the same law applied to marital relationships was construed as an effort to legalize secondary marriages or non-marital live-in relationships. The committee's recommendations were in fact cited in a legal case,
983:
621:
759:
harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse;
65:
An Act to provide for more effective protection of the rights of women guaranteed under the
Constitution who are victims of violence of any kind occurring within the family and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
596:
802:
demands to the woman or her relatives. Recently a
District court in Mumbai has observed that Domestic Violence is not limited to mere physical injuries or abuse, but includes sexual, verbal, emotional and economical abuse
652:
647:
591:
1608:
763:
harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person to coerce her or any other person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or other property or valuable security; or
289:
606:
254:
883:
specification implicated this expanded definition of "wife" refers to relationships between a woman and an already married man, rather than non-marital relationships. When
1254:
899:
the respondent, such as arrest and imprisonment. However, groups involved in drafting the law believed this would provide more rapid and flexible relief for the victim.
1073:
921:
article that "an equal gender law would be ideal. But there is simply too much physical evidence to prove that it is mainly the woman who suffers at the hands of man".
703:
1577:
755:
Domestic violence is defined by
Section 3 of the Act as "any act, omission or commission or conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it:
773:
The Act includes and defines not only physical violence, but also other forms of violence such as emotional/verbal, sexual, and economic abuse through the section
1641:
1714:
895:(2010), to support an interpretation of the definition of "wife" to include relationships where a marriage is "presumed" due to a long period of cohabitation.
887:
attempted to follow the recommendations in the committee's report, the legal status of non-marital, live-in relationships was brought into public discussion.
928:
has also criticized the broad definition of verbal abuse in the act. Global health expert & Director of Edward & Cynthia
Institute of Public Health,
1425:
993:
1618:
1240:
657:
601:
582:
1282:
1734:
1546:
948:
843:
573:
1729:
833:
The aggrieved person also has the right to reside in the shared home regardless of whether or not she has any title or ownership over the home.
324:
1349:
1051:
637:
1525:
696:
1699:
1739:
1724:
1399:
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has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or any person related to her by any conduct mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b); or
1487:
376:
902:
689:
492:
487:
124:
823:"Apply for a protection order, an order for monetary relief, a custody order, a residence order, and/or a compensation order;
611:
1585:
906:
284:
677:
551:
482:
247:
20:
874:
Beyond enforcement, implementation is also dependent on the slow-moving social acceptability of reporting these cases.
846:
in each State or Union
Territory is required to recognize and notify of shelter homes available to aggrieved persons.
1675:"Speech of the Hon'ble President of India, at the National Conference of Lady Lawyers and Lady Teachers, at Yavatmal"
1719:
953:
217:
1533:
536:
429:
207:
936:
531:
176:
804:
388:
354:
1208:
1134:
988:
672:
132:
78:
1554:
978:
963:
546:
398:
366:
968:
748:
in that it provides a broader definition of domestic violence in what it covers and who it protects.
227:
1426:"Domestic Violence Legislation in India: The Pitfalls of a Human Rights Approach to Gender Equality"
725:
381:
349:
319:
309:
222:
88:
45:
1613:
1468:
1185:
744:
The
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is different from the provisions of the
462:
371:
166:
1532:
Volume 4, Issue 2, Spring/Summer, 2007, pp.273-307, Loyola University, Chicago (also online at:
642:
1649:
1460:
1378:"Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005: Lessons from a decade of implementation"
1345:
1307:
1234:
1177:
1105:
1047:
790:
745:
733:
729:
721:
568:
500:
477:
269:
264:
232:
932:
has talked about how educated women use this as a tool of legal exploitation to harass men.
929:
912:
541:
526:
403:
237:
212:
917:
662:
616:
563:
521:
511:
434:
393:
334:
304:
274:
181:
984:
Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
769:
otherwise injures or causes harm, whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person."
424:
361:
339:
299:
242:
1674:
1547:"Malevolence for women's law – Men go to PM against female 'terrorist activity'"
1708:
1512:
973:
958:
925:
156:
146:
1526:"The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act: Solution or Mere Paper Tiger?"
472:
446:
439:
314:
1041:
909:
have opposed the law, arguing that it might be misused by women during disputes.
1078:
884:
864:
667:
506:
467:
419:
344:
329:
151:
186:
56:
37:
1653:
1464:
1181:
294:
279:
191:
171:
819:
Pursuant to Chapter III of the Act, the aggrieved person has the right to:
1488:"Chanmuniya v. Virendra Kumar Singh Khushwaha & Another: Case Comment"
1524:
Hornbeck, Amy; Bethany Johnson; Michelle LaGrotta; & Kellie Sellman;
161:
1472:
1448:
1189:
1165:
1015:
794:
516:
855:
fulfillment of, those of the Protection Officer and service provider.
868:
557:
1339:
826:"Free legal services under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987;
915:, the Indian Minister for Women and Child Development, agreed in a
1012:
799:
1642:"How laws meant to protect women are being abused daily in India"
786:
259:
19:
This article is about Indian law. For other related topics, see
1215:
829:"File a complaint under section 498A of the Indian Penal Code."
1040:
Chandra, Bipan; Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula (2008).
1341:
Women and Domestic Violence Law in India: A Quest for Justice
1308:"THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005"
1106:"The Protection of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005"
31:
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 .
1513:"100 Women 2014: Violence at home is India's 'failing'"
893:
Chanmuniya vs Virendra Kumar Singh Kushwaha and Another
1609:"SUNDAY DEBATE: Is verbal abuse domestic violence? No"
1135:"Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005"
1530:
Loyola University Chicago International Law Review,
718:
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005
255:
Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault
102:
94:
84:
74:
44:
30:
1283:"Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act"
1677:. Press Information Bureau, Government of India
1400:"The Missing Link in the Domestic Violence Act"
1430:Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
1333:
1331:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1067:
1065:
1063:
785:Primarily meant to provide protection to the
697:
8:
1453:Economic and Political. Follow NnofapWeekly
994:The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
1449:"Law and 'Live-in' Relationships in India"
1315:Government of India Legislative Department
1166:"Law and 'Live-in' Relationships in India"
1113:Government of India Legislative Department
935:According to the then President of India,
704:
690:
119:
1017:घरेलू हिंसा से महिला संरक्षण अधिनियम 2005
1486:Solution, Indian Legal (18 March 2020).
1032:
1005:
949:Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017
844:Ministry of Women and Child Development
798:includes harassment by way of unlawful
629:
581:
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138:
131:
62:
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1275:
1239:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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27:
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1159:
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1155:
1100:
1098:
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638:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes
7:
1715:Acts of the Parliament of India 2005
1133:says, V. Lakshmi (27 January 2017).
1072:Datta, Damayanti (4 December 2006).
1046:. Penguin Books India. p. 374.
736:, rather than criminal enforcement.
1545:Gupta, Monobina (27 October 2006).
1344:. London: Routledge. pp. 1–3.
1607:Sorabjee, Soli (5 November 2006).
14:
1576:Sandhu, Veenu (5 November 2006).
1511:Pandey, Geeta, et al., BBC News,
1398:Jhamb, Bhumika (13 August 2011).
924:Former Attorney General of India
1287:evaw-global-database.unwomen.org
36:
1735:Violence against women in India
1407:Economic & Political Weekly
789:or female live-in partner from
728:enacted to protect women from
1:
1255:"India Code: Section Details"
1170:Economic and Political Weekly
907:Save Indian Family Foundation
583:International legal framework
678:Violence against LGBT people
552:Online gender-based violence
248:Violence against prostitutes
21:Outline of domestic violence
1515:, 29 October 2014, BBC News
1016:
810:Options of aggrieved person
1756:
1730:Women's rights legislation
1700:Domestic Violence Act 2005
1074:"The new laws of marriage"
954:Domestic violence in India
218:Sexual violence statistics
18:
537:Intimate partner violence
430:Female genital mutilation
208:Causes of sexual violence
110:
51:
35:
1578:"Men running scared now"
1043:India Since Independence
937:Pratibha Devisingh Patil
16:Indian Act of Parliament
1740:2005 in women's history
1725:Women's rights in India
1551:The Telegraph, Calcutta
1447:AGRAWAL, ANUJA (2012).
1164:AGRAWAL, ANUJA (2012).
775:Chapter 1 - Preliminary
389:Secondary victimisation
213:Child sexual initiation
200:Sexual assault and rape
1640:Fernandes, Dr Edmond.
989:Violence against women
959:Honor killing in India
673:Violence against women
133:Violence against women
1492:Indian Legal Solution
1338:Nigam, Shalu (2020).
979:Dowry system in India
964:Dowry system in India
547:Marry-your-rapist law
542:Marriage by abduction
399:Virgin cleansing myth
1259:www.indiacode.nic.in
969:Dowry death in India
793:at the hands of the
532:Forced sterilisation
228:Cybersex trafficking
930:Dr Edmond Fernandes
903:Men's organizations
726:Parliament of India
223:Forced prostitution
89:Parliament of India
46:Parliament of India
1646:The Times of India
1621:on 19 October 2012
1614:The Times of India
1588:on 10 October 2013
1557:on 16 October 2012
1424:Abeyratne, Rehan.
850:Medical facilities
463:Narcissistic abuse
79:Act No. 43 of 2005
1720:Indian family law
1351:978-1-138-36614-5
1053:978-0-14-310409-4
791:domestic violence
746:Indian Penal Code
734:protection orders
730:domestic violence
714:
713:
569:Toxic masculinity
501:Droit du seigneur
478:Domestic violence
233:Human trafficking
118:
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98:13 September 2005
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1617:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:. Archived from
1573:
1567:
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1562:
1553:. Archived from
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1536:
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1516:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1477:
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1444:
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1214:. Archived from
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913:Renuka Chowdhury
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527:Forced pregnancy
120:
95:Assented to
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1582:Hindustan Times
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1539:
1523:
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1506:
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1423:
1422:
1418:
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1397:
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1392:
1387:. October 2016.
1380:
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1375:
1366:
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1281:
1280:
1273:
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1231:
1224:
1222:
1221:on 1 March 2013
1218:
1211:
1209:"Archived copy"
1207:
1206:
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1132:
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1024:
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918:Hindustan Times
880:
861:
852:
839:
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783:
742:
710:
663:Sex and the law
643:Women's shelter
564:Sexual bullying
522:Forced marriage
512:Forced abortion
435:Gishiri cutting
404:Widow cleansing
394:Sexual violence
106:26 October 2006
85:Enacted by
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1176:(39): 50–56.
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974:Bride burning
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926:Soli Sorabjee
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1679:. Retrieved
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1657:. Retrieved
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1619:the original
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1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
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1555:the original
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1216:the original
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1142:. Retrieved
1139:Breakthrough
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1083:. Retrieved
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574:Witch trials
556:
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473:Dating abuse
455:Other issues
447:Foot binding
440:Infibulation
270:By Deception
265:Acquaintance
111:
55:
25:
1659:5 September
1385:Oxfam India
1320:18 February
1292:19 February
1264:18 February
1144:28 February
1118:18 February
1079:India Today
885:Maharashtra
865:Shalu Nigam
740:Definitions
668:Victimology
648:25 November
507:Eve teasing
468:Gaslighting
420:Acid attack
167:Infanticide
152:Dowry death
1709:Categories
1027:References
658:By country
653:6 February
488:management
377:In Service
335:Statistics
325:Prevention
275:Corrective
187:Sororicide
57:Long title
1681:4 October
1654:0971-8257
1625:4 October
1592:4 October
1465:0012-9976
1182:0012-9976
878:Criticism
805:Read more
340:Statutory
320:Pregnancy
300:Genocidal
192:Uxoricide
172:Matricide
103:Commenced
1561:28 March
1497:22 April
1473:41720191
1235:cite web
1225:19 April
1190:41720191
1085:29 March
943:See also
622:Istanbul
162:Femicide
125:a series
123:Part of
114:In force
75:Citation
1357:30 July
795:husband
724:of the
483:outline
355:Wartime
315:Marital
305:History
290:Factors
285:Effects
139:Killing
112:Status:
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869:Odisha
815:Rights
720:is an
617:Maputo
558:Raptio
367:Campus
345:Threat
330:Prison
1469:JSTOR
1403:(PDF)
1381:(PDF)
1311:(PDF)
1219:(PDF)
1212:(PDF)
1186:JSTOR
1109:(PDF)
1013:hindi
1000:Notes
800:dowry
781:Scope
607:DEVAW
597:CEDAW
592:DEDAW
372:Child
1683:2013
1661:2024
1650:ISSN
1627:2013
1594:2013
1563:2013
1499:2021
1461:ISSN
1411:xlvI
1359:2021
1346:ISBN
1322:2021
1294:2021
1266:2021
1241:link
1227:2013
1178:ISSN
1146:2021
1120:2021
1087:2013
1048:ISBN
787:wife
716:The
602:VDPA
382:Mass
310:Laws
295:Gang
280:Date
260:Rape
182:Sati
722:Act
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