329:, as below, writes warmly of many parts of the Proto-Ionian theory. He declines to address the decipherment, and omits the Celts; he also dates the Middle Cycladic culture only from 2700 BC, not 2900. Yves Duhoux expresses his disbelief in the decipherment, but does not mention the wider theory, except to deny that the Disc came from Syros. Faucounau's paper on the statistical problem of how many glyphs are likely to be omitted from a short text has never been cited. Most of it addresses the long-solved case in which the glyphs are equally likely.
64:. But alternative approaches proposing three groups are not uncommon; Thumb and Kieckers (1932) propose three groups, classifying Ionic as genetically just as separate from Arcadocypriot as from Doric. Like a few other linguists (Vladimir Georgiev, C. Rhuijgh, P. Léveque, etc.), the bipartite classification is known as the "Risch–Chadwick theory", named after its two famous proponents, Ernst Risch and
126:), with a modification: the (proto-Ionic) First wave came by sea, the "Proto-Ionians" settling first in the Cycladic Islands, then in Euboea and Attica. The last two waves are the generally accepted arrival of the Mycenaean Greeks (the linguistic predecessors of the Arcadocypriot speakers) in around 1700 BC and the
259:
for various peoples, Greek-speaking and otherwise, around the Aegean basin. Faucounau claims that the word, which he derives idiosyncratically from πελαγος, "sea", means the descendants of the proto-Ionians. Some of them lost their language because they settled among foreigners; others, such as the
88:
stage yet undiscovered in the time of
Curtius) to mainland Greece. Curtius' hypothesis was endorsed by George Hempl in 1920. Hempl preferred to call these hypothetical, early Anatolian Greeks "Javonians". Hempl attempted to defend a reading of
79:
dialect group was due to an "Ionicization" of Attica by immigration from Ionia in historical times. Curtius hypothesized that there had been a "Proto-Ionian" migration from the
Balkans to western Anatolia in the same period that brought the
235:
Faucounau's addition to this is the argument that Crete is also too far south, that the names of the constellations are (Ionic) Greek, not Minoan, and therefore that the constellation makers must be the proto-Ionians in the
105:
The tripartite theory was revived by amateur linguist Jean
Faucounau. In his view, the first Greek settlers in their historical territory were the (Pelasgic) "proto-Ionians", who were separated around 3000 BC from both the
283:
bore a Greek name at a time when there was no
Mycenaean pottery at Troy. Faucounau considers that all these arguments are an indirect confirmation of his own decipherment claim of the
212:
Dr. Crommelin, FRAS, has disputed this latitude, arguing that the constellation makers could only see to 54° S, but that this was compatible with latitudes as low as the 31°N of
209:, about 2800 BC. He also concluded that the inventors probably lived between 34°30' and 37°30' N., north of most ancient civilizations, and so were likely to be the Minoans.
205:(insofar as his work survives) correctly and completely represent immemorial tradition, that the constellations we now use had been devised when the Pole was in
637:
302:(both are preserved intact in the Mycenaean of the 14th century BC). Digamma, in Faucounau's reading of the Phaistos Disk, has in some instances passed to
260:
Athenians, preserved their language - Attic, apparently, arises from a mixture of proto-Ionian and other dialects. He does not explain why Homer speaks of
28:, chiefly in the works of Jean Faucounau. The relation of Ionic to the other Greek dialects has been subject to some debate. It is mostly grouped with
244:, which he identifies as a center of proto-Ionian civilization, is at 37°20'. On this basis, he identifies the proto-Ionians with the archaeological
539:
498:
479:
133:
Following
Georgiev, Faucounau makes three arguments for the proto-Ionic language. The first is the explanation of certain Mycenaean forms as
185:, developed most recently by Michael Ovenden, which considers the motion of the North Pole with respect to the fixed stars, because of the
40:
period, but sometimes also as separate from
Arcadocypriot on equal footing with Doric, suggesting three distinct waves of migration.
456:
216:; stars which only skirt the southern horizon by a few degrees are not effectively visible. Assuming a Greek latitude would render
306:, a sound shift not known from any other Greek dialect, but suspected in Ionic (e.g. Ion. païs v/etym. paus). For Faucounau, the
580:
295:
627:
326:
225:
142:
343:
49:
457:
Le traitement des sonantes voyelles indo-européennes et le problème du caractère de la langue mycénienne
206:
510:
632:
252:," and one of them with an incised spiral, and the Phaistos Disc is round with an incised spiral.
145:
494:
475:
441:
90:
642:
182:
111:
94:
348:
264:, inland in north-western Greece, as Pelasgian (Il, 16,233); nor why no place in historic
127:
115:
280:
172:
85:
621:
291:
284:
271:
He adds to the above arguments with archaeological facts. For example, the Treaty of
229:
194:
81:
72:
65:
57:
29:
25:
612:
319:
249:
76:
61:
53:
37:
33:
21:
141:
is unexpectedly absent from some
Mycenaean words, the occasional resolution of
338:
256:
213:
202:
186:
307:
272:
221:
134:
255:
His third argument depends on
Herodotus's somewhat obscure use of the word
245:
237:
123:
114:. Faucounau traces this three-wave model to similar views put forward by
167:
as Greek παδάω/πηδάω, "spring leap, bound", which he interprets as both
493:, in Mediterranean Studies, Vol III. Stanford University Press (1931),
315:
299:
217:
190:
168:
138:
107:
290:
Faucounau's "Proto-Ionic Disk
Language" has most of the properties of
181:
The second argument is a refinement of a long-established argument in
325:
Faucounau's work on this subject has received two scholarly notices.
276:
261:
198:
562:
Atti e
Memorie del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Micenologia
265:
241:
137:
from the proto-Ionians already present in Greece: he asserts that
311:
36:, reflecting two waves of migration into Greece following the
224:
invisible. Crommelin estimates the constellators at 2460 BC;
446:
Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies
553:, René Treuil et al. edit, (Paris 1989), p. 401-423.
97:
as a separate branch of Indo-European by Hrozný in 1917.
613:
Discussion by Faucounau of the "Risch-Chadwick Theory"
505:
Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache
373:
Les Proto-Ioniens : histoire d'un peuple oublié
240:. The south coast of Crete follows 35°N latitude;
71:The "Proto-Ionians" first appear in the work of
93:as Greek, in spite of the establishment of the
163:for τράπεζα, and the explanation of Mycenaean
20:are the hypothetical earliest speakers of the
442:Mycénien et homérique: Le problème du digamma
52:into two large genetic groups, one including
8:
491:Prehistoric Wanderings of the Hittite Greeks
197:in the present sky and the hypothesis that
193:. Ovenden concluded, from the slant of the
48:Mainstream Greek linguistics separates the
472:Hellenicity: between ethnicity and culture
322:are all descended from the Proto-Ionians.
546:London, 1923 Vol . II pp. 640–669.
542:"The ancient Constellation Figures" in
431:Les Origines Grecques à l'Age de Bronze
596:National Geographic Atlas of the World
558:Sur la position dialectale du Mycénien
424:Les Peuples de la Mer et leur Histoire
362:Le déchiffrement du Disque de Phaistos
171:with, and having the same meaning as,
544:Hutchinson's Splendour of the Heavens
474:. University of Chicago Press, 2002,
248:culture: after all, they made round "
7:
638:Aegean languages in the Bronze Age
569:Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte
463:, Salamanca 1972, p. 361-379.
448:, Cambridge 1966, p. 104-124.
14:
526:The Origin of the Constellations
84:dialect (the successor of the
75:(1887), who believed that the
1:
417:Vol. 15 (2002), p. 424f.
122:, before the decipherment of
56:and the other including both
564:(Roma 1996) p. 115-124.
118:in the 1890s and the 1900s (
530:The Philosophical Journal 3
659:
551:Les Civilisations égéennes
415:Revue des études grecques
581:A Greek–English Lexicon
578:Liddell, Scott, Jones,
567:A. Thumb, E. Kieckers,
549:Cornelis J. Ruijgh, in
375:, Paris 2001. Esp. pp.
228:has estimated 2170 BC.
44:Position of Ionic Greek
598:(1992 ed.) p. 66.
532:(1966), p. 1-18.
268:is called Pelasgian.
556:Cornelis J. Ruijgh,
524:Michael W. Ovenden,
455:Vladimir Georgiev, "
440:Vladimir Georgiev, "
413:Review: Paul Faure,
294:, including loss of
470:Jonathan M. Hallm,
540:A. C. D. Crommelin
515:L'aventure grecque
503:Paul Kretschmer,
499:978-0-8047-0838-8
480:978-0-226-31329-0
246:Early Cycladic II
91:Hittite cuneiform
650:
628:Archaeoastronomy
611:
594:
577:
538:
523:
517:, p. 16-29.
488:
469:
454:
439:
429:Jean Faucounau,
422:Jean Faucounau,
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
371:Jean Faucounau,
370:
360:Jean Faucounau,
287:as proto-Ionic.
183:archaeoastronomy
130:around 1100 BC.
95:Hittite language
658:
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349:Dorian invasion
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128:Dorian invasion
116:Paul Kretschmer
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12:
11:
5:
656:
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603:External links
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600:
599:
589:
572:
565:
554:
547:
533:
518:
511:Pierre Lévêque
508:
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489:George Hempl,
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344:Greek dialects
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281:Hittite empire
195:constellations
110:and the proto-
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86:Mycenean Greek
50:Greek dialects
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32:as opposed to
22:Ionic dialects
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482:, p. 39.
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462:
461:Acta Mycenaea
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438:
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433:, Paris 2005.
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428:
426:, Paris 2003.
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292:Homeric Greek
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286:
285:Phaistos Disk
282:
278:
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267:
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258:
253:
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243:
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230:E. W. Maunder
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226:R. A. Proctor
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143:Indo-European
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73:Ernst Curtius
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67:
66:John Chadwick
63:
59:
58:Arcadocypriot
55:
51:
43:
41:
39:
35:
31:
30:Arcadocypriot
27:
26:Ancient Greek
23:
19:
18:Proto-Ionians
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579:
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400:p. 61,
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395:p. 57,
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298:and even of
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70:
47:
17:
15:
405:p. 63
320:Philistines
296:labiovelars
250:frying pans
155:instead of
77:Attic-Ionic
62:Ionic Greek
54:Doric Greek
38:Proto-Greek
633:Hypotheses
622:Categories
355:References
339:Pelasgians
327:Paul Faure
308:Pelasgians
214:Alexandria
203:Hipparchus
187:precession
135:loan-words
112:Mycenaeans
273:Alaksandu
257:Pelasgian
232:2700 BC.
222:Fomalhaut
191:equinoxes
165:pa-da-yeu
101:Faucounau
333:See also
318:and the
279:and the
275:between
238:Cyclades
161:to-pe-za
146:vocalic
124:Linear B
643:Ionians
571:(1932).
507:(1896).
316:Carians
312:Trojans
300:digamma
218:Canopus
189:of the
173:English
169:cognate
157:-ar/ra-
153:-or/ro-
139:digamma
108:Dorians
82:Arcadic
588:πηδάω.
497:
478:
385:35ff,
380:33ff,
314:, the
310:, the
277:Wilusa
262:Dodona
199:Aratus
176:paddle
106:proto-
459:" in
444:" in
410:124.
390:37f,
266:Ionia
242:Syros
207:Draco
34:Doric
586:s.v.
495:ISBN
476:ISBN
220:and
201:and
120:i.e.
60:and
16:The
560:in
528:in
151:to
24:of
624::
584:,
513:,
178:.
159:;
68:.
304:y
148:r
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