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Proverbs 31

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795: 45: 1504:) appears in verses 10 and 29 of the passage, thought as the summary of the good woman's character. Traditionally it has been translated as "virtuous" or "noble". Some scholars have suggested that it rather means "forceful", "mighty", or "valiant", because this word is almost exclusively used in the 1484:
or "ideal woman" in the nation of Israel, who is 'an industrious housewife, a shrewd businesswoman, an enterprising trader, a generous benefactor (verse 20) and a wise teacher (verse 26). This "Woman of Valor" has been described as the
2318: 126:'s mother gave to him, about how a just king should reign. The remaining verses detail the attributes of a good wife or an ideal woman (verses 10–31). The latter section is also known as 1489:
of wisdom, or in some sense as a description of a particular class of women in Israel, Persia, or in Hellenistic society. Some see this as a praise directed from the husband to his wife.
760:") gives instruction to her son, King Lemuel, on his duty to administer justice. Using the appeal to his filial respect to a mother and his birth as an answer of a prayer (verse 2, cf. 794: 740: 708: 672: 986: 1457: 967: 959: 156: 1883: 1036: 953: 2073: 1076: 1700: 1574:
movement, and a number of books have been published on the "Proverbs 31 woman". This emphasis has been subject to criticism in Christian articles.
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theologian Kenneth Aitken notes that in view of the warnings against women portrayed as dangerous or adulterous in
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It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine: Nor for princes to say: ‘Where is strong drink?’
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Help! I'm Being Intimidated by the Proverbs 31 Woman!: My Battles with a Role Model Who's Larger Than Life
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Lest they drink, and forget that which is decreed, And pervert the justice due to any that is afflicted.
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She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth food to her household, and a portion to her maidens.
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Grace is deceitful, and beauty is vain; But a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised.
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She is not afraid of the snow for her household; For all her household are clothed with scarlet.
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She considereth a field, and buyeth it; with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard.
226:אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים (או) שֵׁכָֽר׃ 2489: 2323: 2082: 1549: 1419: 1199: 1194: 675: 104: 60: 2041: 1888: 1865:
My So-Called Life as a Proverbs 31 Wife: A One-Year Experiment… and Its Surprising Results
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She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; Yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy.
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Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.
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She maketh linen garments and selleth them; And delivereth girdles unto the merchant.
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Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, And wine unto the bitter in soul;
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She looketh well to the ways of her household, And eateth not the bread of idleness.
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Becoming the Woman God Wants Me to Be: A 90-Day Guide to Living the Proverbs 31 Life
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Her children rise up, and call her blessed; Her husband also, and he praiseth her:
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Her husband is known in the gates, When he sitteth among the elders of the land.
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The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, and he hath no lack of gain.
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Give her of the fruit of her hands; And let her works praise her in the gates.
590:שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭חֵן וְהֶ֣בֶל הַיֹּ֑פִי אִשָּׁ֥ה יִרְאַת־יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תִתְהַלָּֽל׃ 217:
Give not thy strength unto women, Nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings.
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She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; Her lamp goeth not out by night.
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Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.
240:פֶּן־יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח מְחֻקָּ֑ק וִ֝ישַׁנֶּ֗ה דִּ֣ין כׇּל־בְּנֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ 1884:"How misapplying Proverbs 31 gives us a skewed picture of biblical womanhood" 539:
She openeth her mouth with wisdom; And the law of kindness is on her tongue.
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Strength and dignity are her clothing; And she laugheth at the time to come.
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poems in the Bible, where each line begins with a successive letter in the
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The key to the woman's industry, acumen, kindness and wisdom lies in her "
2398: 2378: 2373: 2272: 1956:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 405–422. 1493: 604:תְּנוּ־לָ֭הּ מִפְּרִ֣י יָדֶ֑יהָ וִיהַלְל֖וּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִ֣ים מַֽעֲשֶֽׂיהָ׃ 483:
She maketh for herself coverlets; Her clothing is fine linen and purple.
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The words of king Lemuel; the burden wherewith his mother corrected him.
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Depiction of Proverbs 31:20, "She stretcheth out her hand to the poor..."
464:לֹא־תִירָ֣א לְבֵיתָ֣הּ מִשָּׁ֑לֶג כִּ֥י כׇל־בֵּ֝יתָ֗הּ לָבֻ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ 273:
Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.
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What, my son? and what, O son of my womb? And what, O son of my vows?
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She layeth her hands to the distaff, And her hands hold the spindle.
394:זָֽמְמָ֣ה שָׂ֭דֶה וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ מִפְּרִ֥י כַ֝פֶּ֗יהָ (נטע) כָּֽרֶם׃ 212:אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַנָּשִׁ֣ים חֵילֶ֑ךָ וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ לַֽמְח֥וֹת מְלָכִֽין׃ 148: 492:נוֹדָ֣ע בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים בַּעְלָ֑הּ בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ 2051: 581:’Many daughters have done valiantly, But thou excellest them all.’ 315:
A woman of valour who can find? For her price is far above rubies.
184:דִּ֭בְרֵי לְמוּאֵ֣ל מֶ֑לֶךְ מַ֝שָּׂ֗א אֲֽשֶׁר־יִסְּרַ֥תּוּ אִמּֽוֹ׃ 2443: 2403: 2353: 2267: 576:רַבּ֣וֹת בָּ֭נוֹת עָ֣שׂוּ חָ֑יִל וְ֝אַ֗תְּ עָלִ֥ית עַל־כֻּלָּֽנָה׃ 506:סָדִ֣ין עָ֭שְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר נָתְנָ֥ה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ 450:כַּ֭פָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂ֣ה לֶעָנִ֑י וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ שִׁלְּחָ֥ה לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ 119: 413:
She girdeth her loins with strength, And maketh strong her arms.
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She is like the merchant-ships; she bringeth her food from afar.
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She seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.
352:דָּ֭רְשָׁה צֶ֣מֶר וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַ֝תַּ֗עַשׂ בְּחֵ֣פֶץ כַּפֶּֽיהָ׃ 268:יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח רִישׁ֑וֹ וַ֝עֲמָל֗וֹ לֹ֣א יִזְכׇּר־עֽוֹד׃ 2363: 2358: 2262: 1481: 548:צ֭וֹפִיָּה (הילכות) בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְלֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל׃ 436:יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ תָּ֣מְכוּ פָֽלֶךְ׃ 2055: 534:פִּ֭יהָ פָּתְחָ֣ה בְחׇכְמָ֑ה וְת֥וֹרַת חֶ֝֗סֶד עַל־לְשׁוֹנָֽהּ׃ 478:מַרְבַדִּ֥ים עָֽשְׂתָה־לָּ֑הּ שֵׁ֖שׁ וְאַרְגָּמָ֣ן לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃ 366:הָ֭יְתָה כׇּאֳנִיּ֣וֹת סוֹחֵ֑ר מִ֝מֶּרְחָ֗ק תָּבִ֥יא לַחְמָֽהּ׃ 2433: 1509: 615:
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in
310:אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ׃ 562:קָ֣מוּ בָ֭נֶיהָ וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֑וּהָ בַּ֝עְלָ֗הּ וַֽיְהַלְלָֽהּ׃ 793: 764:), the mother warns the king against sexual promiscuity and 422:טָ֭עֲמָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב סַחְרָ֑הּ לֹא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה (בליל) נֵרָֽהּ׃ 1728:
The Discourse of Wealth and Poverty in the Book of Proverbs
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As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly
343:
She doeth him good and not evil all the days of her life.
282:פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־דִּ֝֗ין כׇּל־בְּנֵ֥י חֲלֽוֹף׃ 155:
included, alongside an English translation based upon the
520:עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר לְבוּשָׁ֑הּ וַ֝תִּשְׂחַ֗ק לְי֣וֹם אַחֲרֽוֹן׃ 408:חָֽגְרָ֣ה בְע֣וֹז מׇתְנֶ֑יהָ וַ֝תְּאַמֵּ֗ץ זְרוֹעֹתֶֽיהָ׃ 296:פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ שְׁפׇט־צֶ֑דֶק וְ֝דִ֗ין עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ 1985:
Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary
324:בָּ֣טַח בָּ֭הּ לֵ֣ב בַּעְלָ֑הּ וְ֝שָׁלָ֗ל לֹ֣א יֶחְסָֽר׃ 198:מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶ֗ה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי׃ 1989:(24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. 1815:
Discovering the Treasures of a Godly Woman: Proverbs 31
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But a woman who fears the Lord, she shall be praised.
724: 692: 656: 254:תְּנוּ־שֵׁכָ֥ר לְאוֹבֵ֑ד וְ֝יַ֗יִן לְמָ֣רֵי נָֽפֶשׁ׃ 2301: 2255: 2089: 86: 76: 66: 56: 21: 1982: 1812: 987:African and African-American women in Christianity 734: 702: 666: 16:Final chapter of the Book of Proverbs in the Bible 1563:This chapter is recited on Friday night before 2047:Text of Eshet Hayil (JPS 1917 - Public Domain) 2067: 1451: 8: 1912:"Stop Obsessing About the Proverbs 31 Woman" 756:In this part, an unnamed queen-mother (see " 1570:The chapter has been emphasized within the 2074: 2060: 2052: 1470:Verses 10–31 of this chapter, also called 1458: 1444: 1320: 1120: 1022: 775: 1942:Aitken, K. T. (2007). "19. Proverbs". In 1671: 1659: 1536:Charm is deceitful and beauty is passing, 726: 725: 723: 694: 693: 691: 658: 657: 655: 122:. Verses 1 to 9 present the advice which 165: 1583: 1492:It is one of the thirteen alphabetical 1398: 1378: 1323: 1223: 1158: 1123: 1087: 1065: 1047: 1025: 798:"Adam and Eve" by Albrecht Dürer (1504) 787: 1615: 1590: 958:Ordination of women in Protestantism ( 18: 7: 1699:Brinson, Will (September 26, 2017). 1317:Theologians and authors (by branch) 1002:Transgender people and Christianity 947:Ordination of women in Christianity 727: 695: 659: 954:Ordination of women in Catholicism 147:text of Proverbs 31 with not only 14: 1910:Oquist, Lauren (28 August 2014). 1117:Theologians and authors (by view) 634:There is also a translation into 1058:Christians for Biblical Equality 43: 1882:Lodge, Carey (3 January 2015). 838:Jesus's interactions with women 735:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} 703:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} 667:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} 175:English translation (JPS 1917) 1567:dinner in some Jewish homes. 992:Christianity and homosexuality 143:The following table shows the 1: 2010:The Text of the Old Testament 1748:God's Word to Women Lesson 78 868:Women as theological figures 746:The words of Lemuel (31:1–9) 1953:The Oxford Bible Commentary 828:Christian views on marriage 87:Order in the Christian part 2511: 1037:Evangelical and Ecumenical 853:Paul the Apostle and women 843:List of women in the Bible 749: 2495:Women in the Hebrew Bible 2485:Book of Proverbs chapters 1425:Katharine Jefferts Schori 1145:Virginia Ramey Mollenkott 603: 589: 575: 561: 547: 533: 519: 505: 491: 477: 463: 449: 435: 421: 407: 393: 379: 365: 351: 337: 323: 309: 295: 281: 267: 253: 239: 225: 211: 197: 183: 42: 26: 1643:"Proverbs 31 - JPS 1917" 1390:Frederica Mathewes-Green 896:Christian egalitarianism 858:Rape in the Hebrew Bible 772:The good wife (31:10–31) 159:translation (now in the 1789:Kennedy, Nancy (1995). 1629:"Proverbs – Chapter 31" 1007:Women in Church history 919:Asian feminist theology 788:Christianity and gender 2424:Religion and sexuality 1844:Partow, Donna (2008). 1726:Sandoval, Timothy J., 799: 752:Lemuel (biblical king) 736: 704: 668: 99:is the 31st and final 1776:The Proverbs 31 Woman 1355:Juana Inés de la Cruz 1150:Letha Dawson Scanzoni 1079:Manhood and Womanhood 878:Women in Christianity 863:Stay-at-home daughter 797: 737: 705: 669: 623:, which includes the 2309:Alcohol in the Bible 1863:Horn, Sarah (2011). 1774:Reid, E. R. (1993). 1526:to the ideal wife". 1260:George W. Knight III 722: 710:; 4th century), and 690: 654: 629:Codex Leningradensis 627:(10th century), and 77:Christian Bible part 2042:Text of Proverbs 31 1410:April Ulring Larson 1335:Hildegard of Bingen 1077:Council on Biblical 924:Biblical patriarchy 848:Ordination of women 1752:Katherine Bushnell 1688:King James Version 1572:biblical womanhood 1508:with reference to 1350:Christine de Pizan 1345:Catherine of Siena 1170:Gilbert Bilezikian 981:Church and society 901:Complementarianism 873:Women in the Bible 823:Biblical womanhood 800: 732: 712:Codex Alexandrinus 700: 664: 2472: 2471: 2439:Soul in the Bible 2339:Divine providence 1809:George, Elizabeth 1674:, pp. 73–74. 1662:, pp. 36–37. 1468: 1467: 1433: 1432: 1365:Pope John Paul II 1340:Julian of Norwich 1308: 1307: 1280:Dorothy Patterson 1108: 1107: 1102: 934:Womanist theology 613: 612: 94: 93: 2502: 2083:Book of Proverbs 2076: 2069: 2062: 2053: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2005:Würthwein, Ernst 2000: 1988: 1979:Halley, Henry H. 1974: 1972: 1970: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1818: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1778:. Destiny Image. 1771: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1745: 1739: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1696: 1690: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1594: 1588: 1553: 1500:. The word חיל ( 1460: 1453: 1446: 1420:Lise-Lotte Rebel 1380:Eastern Orthodox 1321: 1195:Kenneth E. Hagin 1121: 1100: 1023: 776: 742:; 5th century). 741: 739: 738: 733: 731: 730: 709: 707: 706: 701: 699: 698: 676:Codex Sinaiticus 674:; 4th century), 673: 671: 670: 665: 663: 662: 605: 591: 577: 563: 549: 535: 521: 507: 493: 479: 465: 451: 437: 423: 409: 395: 381: 367: 353: 339: 325: 311: 297: 283: 269: 255: 241: 227: 213: 199: 185: 166: 105:Book of Proverbs 61:Book of Proverbs 47: 19: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2297: 2251: 2085: 2080: 2038: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2003: 1997: 1977: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1941: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1889:Christian Today 1881: 1880: 1876: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1831: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1761: 1757: 1746: 1742: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1684:Proverbs 31:8–9 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1631:. Mechon Mamre. 1627: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1597: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1561: 1551: 1532: 1520:chapters 1 to 9 1498:Hebrew alphabet 1487:personification 1464: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1415:Catherine Booth 1394: 1374: 1318: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1285:Paige Patterson 1225:Complementarian 1219: 1215:William J. Webb 1154: 1135:Anne Eggebroten 1118: 1110: 1109: 1081: 1078: 1067:Complementarian 1041: 1038: 1020: 1012: 1011: 982: 974: 973: 949: 939: 938: 914: 913:Other positions 906: 905: 891: 890:Major positions 883: 882: 808: 774: 754: 748: 720: 719: 688: 687: 652: 651: 644:Codex Vaticanus 141: 136: 52: 51: 38: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2508: 2506: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2477: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2349:Eisheth Khayil 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2263:Agur ben Jakeh 2259: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2037: 2036:External links 2034: 2033: 2032: 2019: 2001: 1995: 1975: 1963:978-0199277186 1962: 1948:Muddiman, John 1937: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1902: 1874: 1855: 1836: 1829: 1800: 1781: 1766: 1763:Proverbs 31:30 1755: 1740: 1719: 1691: 1676: 1672:Würthwein 1995 1664: 1660:Würthwein 1995 1652: 1634: 1620: 1618:, p. 422. 1595: 1593:, p. 273. 1582: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1560: 1557: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1531: 1528: 1478:woman of valor 1466: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1370:Phyllis Zagano 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325:Roman Catholic 1319: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1295:Vern Poythress 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275:Jennifer Morse 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1240:John MacArthur 1237: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1166: 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Index

chapter 30
Ecclesiastes 1

Book of Proverbs
Ketuvim
Old Testament
chapter
Book of Proverbs
Hebrew Bible
Old Testament
Christian
Bible
King Lemuel
Hebrew
vowels
Trope Symbols
JPS 1917
public domain
Hebrew
Masoretic Text
Aleppo Codex
Codex Leningradensis
Koine Greek
Septuagint
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Sinaiticus
BHK
Codex Alexandrinus
Lemuel (biblical king)
queen mother

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