677:, systematically crushed any resistance in poorer western and northern parts of Seville with artillery and then firearms. Human shields were used by Nationalists but there were very few weapons against them. On 22 July, aircraft joined with shooting and bombing. More African-based troops arrived, as did Franco at the beginning of August, beginning the advance to Madrid. Between July and the following January about 3000 people were killed in Seville. Queipo de Llano's regular ribald broadcasts and his interviews were a key feature of Nationalist communications, bringing him fame. Often drinking alcohol (despite serious liver damage), he encouraged brutality, for example announcing to troops, "I authorise you to kill like a dog anyone who dares oppose you." He made up events avidly as he spoke, lauding Nationalist advances, detailing enemy atrocities, the rape and murder of young children and promising grim consequences to combatants and their families including sexual threats against women from his own forces - such words were removed for the printed record to make the speeches more palatable and major
160:
61:
732:'s Army of the Centre. Tens of thousands were killed in the area dominated by Queipo de Llano during the war and a similar number imprisoned. The coup in Seville, actually planned by major Cuesta Monereo, was claimed by Queipo de Llano as proof of his own mastery, bragging that he'd taken Seville with just 145 troops and civilians; broadcasting in early 1938, he reduced the number to fifteen men fighting against one hundred thousand communists. With the south secure, his essentially independent governance of the region led to further disputes with Franco and locally.
700:, with a history of sedition and murder who accepted his victims' sexual bribes, gravely insulted the Portuguese ambassador, a Nationalist ally. Franco ordered his removal and told Queipo de Llano to apologise. Torture, unfettered rapes, murders and massacres were committed by Nationalist forces (as allowed by commanders in North Africa) and justified by Queipo de Llano. Corpses were publicly displayed to terrorise; body parts were frequently cut off, following a grim tradition from Spanish Morocco (international journalists were offered such souvenirs).
189:
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573:. He proclaimed a republic over the radio while his co-conspirator took a plane to leaflet Madrid and bomb the royal palace. The plans fell apart due to a lack of union support so Ramon Franco flew back to Cuatro Vientos and Queipo de Llano and others joined him in the to escape to Portugal, whence they journeyed to France as exiles. In February 1931, his discharge was ordered because of his absence. He returned on 14 April when
871:
696:. The area around Seville and Huelva was overcome and united with the rebel centres of Granada and Córdoba by September. He ignored warnings about the excesses of his commanders, and even requests of leniency from Mola and Franco for arrested commanders who were their friends but who were executed anyway. One of Queipo de Llano's appointments, captain
859:
651:, Queipo de Llano declared martial law, making the first of his terror-filled propaganda broadcasts, declaring his control of Seville, commencing a series of doom-laden edicts, announcing the arrival of Moroccan troops and the rebels' control of other cities - including Madrid, one of many fabrications to come.
735:
Always something of an outcast for his coarseness, jibes and republican sympathies, he had not been made part of the cabinet after the
National Council was formed and was bitter about Falangists in positions of control. He'd demonstrated some skill in the administration of industry and agriculture in
611:, General Mola included Queipo de Llano in his coup plot despite the latter's previous opposition to Primo de Rivera and association with republicans. Others also persuaded him to join. Mola sent him to look at overcoming local reluctance in Seville to another coup after the debacle of the 1932
715:
in the bull ring, Portuguese and French journalists were stunned by the smell and sight of piles of burnt bodies in the cemetery shown to them by their guide, a local priest, who claimed "They deserved this." Following this, Franco told Queipo de Llano to exercise strict control over all
463:'disaster'. The following year, his (anonymous) criticisms of the Ministry of War were discussed in parliament; he organised an officer's demonstration leading to two months in gaol. After a year's leave in Argentina he was promoted to commander in 1911. In 1912, he was in
785:
were monitored - Varela sent him back to Italy. A medical certificate proved his poor health; he was allowed back in June but a decree forced his residence in Málaga, relieved of all posts. In 1943, he was transferred to the army reserves but not appointed to Franco's
780:
cross and asked to leave his post for health reasons. He was eventually allowed to visit his daughter in 1941 before her emigration to
Argentina and was allowed two months' medical leave in Madrid in January 1942. There, his snipes at Franco and the
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1605:
1615:
305:" ("radio" or "broadcasting general" in English media) for his threats and explicitness on air. Under his control of southern Spain, tens of thousands of Spaniards perished as part of the Nationalists'
491:
cross - promotion to lieutenant colonel (1914) and placement in charge of a military court (1916). Illness forced his convalescence in Madrid. Upon recovery in
February 1917, he was posted to
720:
and he became their head of state on 1 October. On 12 December, Franco created three large army units, including the Army of the South led by Queipo de Llano. A brutal
Spanish-Italian attack
617:
and its poor consequences for army officers. He reported back confidently. In early July, he went to
Granada and Málaga then Seville and Huelva, to encourage hesitant officers. General
542:; he edited the first half-dozen, writing critical comments of Primo de Rivera who removed him in September 1924 and gaoled him for a month at Ferrol. His later involvement with the
328:, to María de las Mercedes Sierra y Vázquez de Novoa and Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sánchez. His father was the municipality's judge. He had seven siblings. After completing the
289:, later becoming outspoken about military and political figures which led to his imprisonment, removal from posts and involvement in plots against Spanish governments. He was a
637:. Of the remaining units in Andalucia, only the commanders in Cádiz - a crucial port - and Córdoba would support him initially. The murder and torture of opponents by the
1595:
841:(Law of Democratic Memory), his remains and those of his wife and his "right hand man" - Francisco Bohórquez Vecina - were disinterred by the brotherhood, cremated at
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431:
762:, splitting up the latter for security. His late expression of support for Franco curried no favour. Franco posted him to Italy, making him 'president' of a
1590:
1620:
534:; general José Aizpuru Martín-Pinillos, high commissioner in Morocco, demanded his return to take charge of the Ceuta Zone and lead a column around
668:
to the captured airport. Over two nights, three columns of about 100 troops led by experienced commanders from Africa, supported by
Falangists and
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290:
647:(Assault Guard) resisted around the town hall but was well beaten that day by the coup rebels. In the evening, having captured the radio station
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721:
439:, where he lived with his mother. He married Genoveva Martí y Tovar, daughter of a judge, on 4 October 1901. The next October, he was with the
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y Sierra (5 February 1875 - 9 March 1951) was a
Spanish Army general. He distinguished himself quickly in his career, fighting in
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122:
449:
807:; his response contained a barb about its perceived value for his heirs. In March 1951, he died in his farmhouse in Garmbogaz,
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brotherhood removed Civil War references from his tomb, replacing them with "brother". In
November 2022, according to
629:(who at his trial was defended by his son - a Queipo de Llano supporter - before execution). He gained control of the
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559:
390:
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Desde la proclamación de la República al 18 de julio de 1936: el cambio de rumbo político en la II División Orgánica
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was given the award, not his base of
Seville. On 20 July, he criticised Franco who duly removed him as chief of the
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373:
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At the war's end in May 1939, Franco promoted him to lieutenant general. He asked for, but did not receive, the
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a post he also lost soon after but regained in
February 1935 after his daughter married the president's son.
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entrance exam, he excelled in courses there, also studying at the diocesan seminary. In 1891, he joined the
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and its brotherhood made him an honorary member posthumously for supporting building work on the basilica.
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with Mary R. Habeck and Grigorii Nikolaevich Sevostianov. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
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refused to meet him. On 18 July, he arrested Villa-Abrille and persuaded enough junior officers in the
833:(National Court) formally accused him of illegal detention and crimes against humanity. In 2009, the
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to revolt, arresting Colonel Manuel Allanegri and his old classmate, Santiago Mateo, colonel of the
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Andalucia - if wholly in favour of Nationalist supporters - but his control was steadily weakened.
164:
87:
724:; thousands of refugee families continued to be shelled as they fled, in what became known as the
401:, Spain's second-highest wartime medal, amongst his other awards. He left Cuba in October for the
1461:
Conspiracy, Coup d'État and Civil War in Seville (1936–1939): History and Myth in Francoist Spain
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placed him in charge of his military quarter, a post he lost in March 1933. In September, with
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1219:"¿Quién fue Francisco Bohórquez Vecina, el otro general franquista enterrado en la Macarena?"
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577:'s republic was declared and was promoted to division general, leading the Madrid-based
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like other former generals. Significantly, he didn't support the restoration of the
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in 1893 along with Santiago Mateo Fernández (whom he later arrested and executed).
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31:
569:'s failed coup on 15 December 1930, taking over the Cuatro Vientos aerodrome with
1501:
1482:. Penguin Books. London. 2003, 4th edition. (1961, 1987, 2003). London: Penguin.
888:
325:
83:
1193:"La Hermandad de la Macarena exhuma de madrugada los restos de Queipo de Llano"
681:
gave instructions to that effect in September, also wary of negativity abroad.
388:, he was made captain for numerous actions. The following year he received the
384:. For bravery, he was promoted to 1st lieutenant in October. In 1897, with the
17:
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for saving a soldier from drowning. In November 1909, his unit moved against
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as a trumpet player. Aged 18, he became an artilleryman and enrolled at the
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There followed many transfers and reposts: in December 1900, he joined
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253:
35:
1586:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
1303:"In Seville, Burial of Civil War Commander Reopens Decades-Old Wounds"
924:
377:
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519:
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in Alcalá de Henares - becoming a colonel - then returning to the
159:
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after months of deteriorating health. His remains were placed in
643:
began immediately. Plans went ahead to secure Seville. The local
311:. In his post-war roles he was effectively sidelined by Franco.
282:
526:
resistance. He antagonised the Moroccan Directorate so general
716:
photographers. Queipo de Llano and others supported Franco as
1098:. New York: W.W.Norton & Co. pp. 119, 135, 137, 141.
118:
presently undisclosed, formerly La Macarena Basilica, Seville
776:
for his Civil War role but he repeated his request for the
364:
In February 1896, he was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant in the
1444:
Spain Betrayed: The Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War
1272:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
1074:
The Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War, 1931-1939
800:
cross but only for the first nine days of the Civil War.
558:
so was recalled to Madrid in July 1926. In 1928, general
487:
cavalry group in 1913 - through which he gained another
479:
to command three squadrons (this part of Morocco became
1616:
Perpetrators of political repression in Francoist Spain
1400:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge
538:. With Franco (then a lieutenant colonel) he published
1606:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish–American War
1346:
The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism
766:, a role with little purpose, and then as an attaché.
1253:
The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
1076:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 225.
847:
1114:
The Battle for Spain:The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
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1020:"Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco"
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750:, Spain's highest military honour, but the city of
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722:crushed republican resistance in and around Málaga
1502:Newspaper clippings about Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
1384:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1287:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931–1939
1428:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. (2012),
1116:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 59.
518:made him brigadier general and 2nd commander in
42: and the second or maternal family name is
530:transferred him to the military government of
8:
1382:Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World
1348:. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.
1442:; Mary Habeck, Grigory Sevostianov (2001).
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
562:sent him to languish in the army reserves.
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845:and the remains returned to the families.
48:
1289:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1142:
1140:
1138:
1131:. Cambridge: Cambridge. pp. 83, 164.
1024:The American Journal of International Law
728:. In 1937, the southern Army worked with
522:. In 1923 and 1924 his units policed the
65:Speaking on the Seville Radio, late 1930s
1596:Recipients of the Military Medal (Spain)
1297:. OCLC 185862219, another edition, 1967.
1107:
1105:
952:
950:
948:
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770:, the Minister of the Army, awarded him
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854:
1571:People from the Province of Valladolid
415:Regimiento de Lanceros de Villaviciosa
386:Regimiento Expedicionario del Príncipe
1330:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1151:. London: Phoenix Press. p. 212.
961:. London: Penguin Books. p. 923.
839:la Ley 20/2022 de Memoria Democrática
635:Regimiento de Artillería Ligera n.º 3
272:Order of Military Merit (Grand Cross)
7:
1402:. Harper Perennial. London. (2006).
1301:Minder, Raphael (October 15, 2018).
654:On 20 July, the first troops of the
380:in August and joining battle in the
346:Academia de Caballería de Valladolid
929:(PhD thesis). Universidad de Huelva
684:On 12 August 1936, Franco made him
421:); four months later he was in the
403:Regimiento de Reserva de Valladolid
337:4.º Batallón de Artillería de Plaza
995:"Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra"
747:gran cruz laureada de San Fernando
469:Regimiento de Cazadores de Vitoria
441:Regimiento de Lanceros de la Reina
366:Regimiento de Dragones de Santiago
25:
1591:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
1366:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1270:Britain and the Spanish Civil War
502:Returning in 1918, he joined the
268:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
1621:Prisoners and detainees of Spain
923:Gil Honduvilla, Joaquín (2010).
869:
857:
686:inspector general de Carabineros
595:inspector general de Carabineros
382:Regimiento de Caballería Pizarro
187:
172:
158:
59:
1539:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Martí
803:In April 1950, Franco made him
619:José Fernández de Villa-Abrille
593:as prime minister, he was made
583:Inspección General del Ejército
540:La Revista de Tropas Coloniales
391:Orden militar de María Cristina
912:. Ed. de bolsillo. p. 23.
796:. Franco finally gave him the
662:(foreign legion) flew in from
623:Regimiento de Infantería n.º 6
567:José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez
552:Asociación Militar Republicana
504:Regimiento de Húsares de Pavía
1:
993:Puell de la Villa, Fernando.
544:Comité Militar Revolucionario
372:. He requested a transfer to
237:Nationalist Army of the South
1566:Anti-communist propagandists
1534:1 April 1950 – 9 March 1951
1467:. PhD dissertation. London:
1458:Rúben Emanuel Serém (2012).
1177:"Queipo de Llano expelled".
1149:The Franco Regime, 1936-1975
999:Real Academia de la Historia
409:Spain, Morocco and Argentina
239:Captain General of Andalusia
34:, the first or paternal
1581:Spanish lieutenant generals
1576:People from Francoist Spain
1531:Marquis of Queipo de Llano
1506:20th Century Press Archives
1364:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
658:(Moroccan mercenaries) and
546:saw him transferred to the
508:Depósito de Reserva de Lugo
450:Orden Civil de Beneficencia
293:military leader during the
27:Spanish general (1875–1951)
1647:
1162:"Radio General "Exiled"".
1147:Payne, Stanley G. (2000).
1127:Payne, Stanley G. (2012).
814:la basílica de la Macarena
805:marqués de Queipo de Llano
301:, gaining the soubriquet "
241:División General of Madrid
29:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1181:. 6 July 1942. p. 1.
1166:. 6 July 1942. p. 3.
1072:Jackson, Gabriel (1967).
694:Junta de Defensa Nacional
605:After the victory of the
581:and becoming head of the
548:III Brigada de Caballería
58:
910:La Guerra Civil Española
627:Regimiento de Caballería
560:Severiano Martínez Anido
495:then requested leave to
447:. There he received the
1601:Spanish anti-communists
1255:. Penguin Books. 2006.
764:Misión Militar Especial
631:División Orgánica n.º 2
279:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
53:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
1328:The Spanish Revolution
1094:Preston, Paul (2012).
908:Preston, Paul (2003).
528:Miguel Primo de Rivera
481:a Spanish protectorate
303:El general de la radio
138:37.402525°N 5.989407°W
1611:Spanish propagandists
1480:The Spanish Civil War
1426:The Spanish Holocaust
1129:The Spanish Civil War
1096:The Spanish Holocaust
959:The Spanish Civil War
957:Thomas, Hugh (2001).
760:2.ª División Orgánica
690:2.ª División Orgánica
579:1.ª División Orgánica
216:Years of service
692:and a member of the
587:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
516:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
514:. In December 1922,
512:Lanceros de la Reina
457:tribesmen after the
419:Jerez de la Frontera
250:Spanish–American War
143:37.402525; -5.989407
1626:Marquesses of Spain
679:José Cuesta Monereo
649:Unión Radio Sevilla
556:Eduardo López Ochoa
467:before joining the
134: /
1308:The New York Times
1030:(2): 81–99. 1913.
843:Alcalá de Guadaira
831:Audiencia Nacional
773:la Medalla Militar
740:Post-War isolation
698:Manuel Díaz Criado
483:that year) then a
423:Lanceros de Borbón
1544:
1543:
1537:Succeeded by
1490:. OCLC 248799351.
1416:978-0-393-32987-2
1390:978-0-300-12282-4
1356:. OCLC 186010979.
1225:. 3 November 2022
1223:Diario de Sevilla
1199:. 2 November 2022
1179:Press and Journal
713:public executions
645:Guardia de Asalto
591:Alejandro Lerroux
460:Barranco del Lobo
445:Alcalá de Henares
295:Spanish Civil War
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258:Spanish Civil War
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16:(Redirected from
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1519:Spanish nobility
1515:
1472:
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1454:. OCLC 186413320
1410:/ 0-393-32987-9
1378:Stanley G. Payne
1360:Stanley G. Payne
1342:Stanley G. Payne
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1396:Paul Preston
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1266:Tom Buchanan
1252:
1227:. Retrieved
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246:Battles/wars
210:Spanish Army
99:(1951-03-09)
97:9 March 1951
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32:Spanish name
1631:Tordesillas
1561:1951 deaths
1556:1875 births
1476:Hugh Thomas
889:Carabineros
756:Carabineros
660:legionarios
435:Lancers in
394: [
349: [
326:Tordesillas
320:Early years
291:Nationalist
198:(1936–1951)
183:(1931–1936)
168:(1896–1931)
141: /
84:Tordesillas
1550:Categories
1380:, (2008).
1362:, (1999).
1285:, (1965).
1268:, (1997).
895:References
752:Valladolid
614:Sanjurjada
437:Valladolid
332:Ponferrada
154:Allegiance
126:37°24′09″N
77:1875-02-05
1317:0362-4331
1229:29 August
1203:29 August
1052:246007581
864:Biography
711:and mass
656:regulares
427:Salamanca
315:Biography
219:1896–1939
129:5°59′22″W
1424:(2012).
1344:(2004).
1326:(1970).
1251:(2006).
1197:El Mundo
883:See also
835:Macarena
794:monarchy
758:and the
726:Desbandá
674:Requetés
465:Albacete
432:Farnesio
234:Commands
204:Service/
30:In this
1508:of the
1504:in the
1057:29 July
1044:2212275
1004:16 July
933:25 July
850:Portals
829:of the
783:Falange
705:Badajoz
670:Carlist
665:Tétouan
640:Falange
536:Tétouan
524:Ghomara
493:Córdoba
485:Larache
473:Granada
370:Granada
287:Morocco
254:Rif War
36:surname
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821:Legacy
506:, the
455:Rifian
378:Havana
341:Ferrol
297:under
264:Awards
206:branch
192:
177:
114:Buried
44:Sierra
1465:(PDF)
1048:S2CID
1040:JSTOR
876:Spain
532:Cádiz
520:Ceuta
497:Ávila
398:]
353:]
1484:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1313:ISSN
1291:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1231:2023
1205:2023
1059:2023
1006:2023
935:2023
633:and
374:Cuba
360:Cuba
285:and
283:Cuba
224:Rank
94:Died
71:Born
1510:ZBW
1469:LSE
1032:doi
443:in
339:in
38:is
1552::
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1137:^
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75:(
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20:)
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