678:
571:
520:
281:
591:
use led the army to design a single gun mounting in two marks, both with an underground engine room to provide electrical and hydraulic power for traverse, elevation, fuze setting, ramming and other tasks. Fitted with the standard army
Machine Fuze Setter No 10, these guns had a rate of fire of 10 rds/min and a maximum height of 50,000 ft, with an effective height of 36,000 ft. Mark 1A was a mild steel turret for anti-aircraft use only, Mk 1B was an armoured turret for anti aircraft and coast defence use. The gun was designated Mk 2.
579:
660:
703:
413:...the ship's company closed to action-stations and gave a demonstration of the cruiser's firepower to the army officers... in the form of a low angle barrage. Set to burst at 2000 yds range, a terrific barrage was put up for two minutes and we fired some two hundred rounds of 5.25-inch HE...A wall of bursting shell was thrown up just above sea level and I could see that the army officers were impressed...
31:
1107:
Routledge 1994, page 87, 78. "Effective height" was the greatest at which a 400 mph target could be engaged for 30 seconds using
Predictor No. 10 (the all-electric US Bell AAA Computer) : hence with a realistic prospect of damaging the target. The shell could travel up to 50,000 ft but
397:
they fulfil the combined functions of H.A. Long Range
Armament and Secondary Armament against surface craft. The 5.25 in. calibre with separate ammunition is used for dual High Angle and Low Angle Armament, since it gives the reasonable maximum weight of shell which can be loaded by the average gun's
594:
By the end of 1943 only 16 of the new guns had been installed, far below projections. By the end of the war 164 guns had been produced. The high-explosive shells were fuzed with the standard army No 208 mechanical time fuze, used with 3.7 and 4.5-inch anti-aircraft guns. The guns remained in service
851:
A 270-knot (500 km/h; 310 mph) target crossing the line of sight at right angles, at 2,000 yd (1,800 m) range, will move across the line of sight at 4.5 degrees per second. This simple fact of geometry appears to contradict the assertion that a 10-degree-per-second traverse rate
590:
In early 1942 the
Governor of Gibraltar sought 5.25-in guns for dual anti-aircraft/coast defence role. None was forthcoming. However, later that year Anti-Aircraft Command in UK acquired three twin-gun turrets from the Admiralty, which were installed around London in permanent positions. Trials and
491:
guided missile. According to postwar publications the gunhouses were cramped, and the heavy projectile and cartridge cases resulted in a reduced sustained rate of fire to seven or eight rounds per minute rather than the designed twelve rounds per minute. However, these factors do not appear to have
499:
s rate of fire, over a one-minute period, which was typical for a World War II AA engagement. The dual-mount turrets 10 deg/s traversal speed was considered too slow to engage higher-speed aircraft at close range. Nevertheless, these elevation and traverse rates were still higher than some
294:
Unlike its French and
Italian contemporaries of similar size the QF 5.25-inch gun was designed as dual-purpose equipment capable of engaging both aircraft and surface targets. Combining the secondary and heavy anti-aircraft armament allowed a significant weight savings for the
936:
Sired, Enemy
Engaged, p23, states: "The Italians did not press home their attacks very hard and I thought they had a lot to put up with, as each (10 × 5.25 in gun) cruiser could fire 100 rounds of 5.25" HE shell per minute..." Ronald Sired was a gunnery petty officer on board
306:
limit of 35,000 tons. The gun fired an 80 lb (36 kg) shell, which was considered the largest that a gun crew could easily handle while still having the rate of fire needed for anti-aircraft use. In 1944,
637:
Penetration: side armour: 3 inches (76 mm) 9,500 yards (8,690 m) or 11,900 m, depending on the sources; the gun was not capable of penetrating 2 inches (51 mm) of deck armour at any
1082:, p 32: Diagram of High Level Bomber Attack: A 240 mph target, at 12 thousand feet altitude could expect to be under for fire about 75 seconds, from the time it enters the effective range of the
351:-class anti-aircraft cruisers mounted the 5.25-inch gun in the Remote Power Control RP10 Mk II mountings, which offered much-improved training and elevating speeds. The number of turrets on the
417:
The ballistic performance of the QF 5.25 was very good, with a maximum range of 24,070 yd (22,010 m) at 45 degrees with an 80 lb (36 kg) HE shell. In comparison, the French
677:
2236:
1458:
1539:
1475:
1466:
1314:
1471:
1335:
2256:
1462:
1086:
until it flies to within the minimum range of a 5.25 gun elevated to 70 degrees. A Tribal-class destroyer would be able to engage the same target for about 37 seconds.
355:
class were reduced from five to four and the number of light AA guns were increased. The RP10 Mk II mountings were also later used to replace the Mk I mountings on
1823:
822:
was not decommissioned until 1966, although she appears to have ended "active service" some years before. All other ships were decommissioned by 1962 except
721:
377:-class ships, although the width between the guns remained the same. A slightly more powerful Mk II variant was also deployed by the British Army as an
2231:
1307:
659:
462:
1149:
540:
296:
1558:
1494:
1300:
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2003:
1524:
2118:
1616:
1514:
1423:
773:
340:
1160:
Garzke & Dulin, p291: " The guns were fully automatic and remotely controlled, with a rate of fire of eighteen rounds per minute."
2241:
1816:
1268:
1243:
1229:
1211:
944:. The accuracy of Sired's account was praised by Captain FC Flynn RN. Official Historian of the Naval Campaigns in the Mediterranean
1790:
570:
1519:
2103:
1759:
1596:
519:
2144:
1548:
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785:
602:, seven guns were mounted in Australia and three in New Guinea, in enclosed single-gun anti-aircraft/coast defence turrets.
418:
2034:
1621:
739:
443:
cruisers had a maximum range of 21,435 yd (19,600 m) at 45 degrees with a 72.1 lb (32.7 kg) AP shell.
440:
1968:
1945:
1809:
1448:
791:
436:
2149:
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2174:
2164:
2159:
1873:
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1443:
1397:
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43:
1144:
DW Spethman, "The garrison guns of
Australia 1788-1962", pages 145-6. Published by Ron H Mortensen, Inala Qld, 2008.
472:-class cruisers were lost to air attack, although four were sunk by submarine or surface-launched torpedoes. However
435:
had a maximum range of 21,872 yd (20,000 m) at 30 degrees with an 88 lb (40 kg) SAP shell. The
280:
2251:
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1888:
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1509:
1504:
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96:
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crew for sustained periods at all angles of elevation. The maximum rate of fire should be 10-12 rounds per minute.
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2179:
1983:
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1373:
1368:
1344:
511:
1606:
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447:
647:
Training & elevating speeds: 10 degrees per second and 20 degrees per second respectively, in RP10 mounts.
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303:
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285:
203:
185:
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1754:
1733:
1728:
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272:. Although considered less than completely successful, it saw extensive service. 267 guns were built.
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
779:
468:
when Force Z was attacked by
Japanese aircraft, due to factors unrelated to the guns' performance. No
2008:
1998:
1988:
1950:
1702:
1647:
1576:
1323:
1288:
Our Navy in Action; newsreel video of 5.25-inch guns engaging Axis aircraft and
Italian battleships
248:
Naval: 24,070 yd (22,010 m) at 45 degrees with HE shell at 2,672 ft/s (814 m/s)
238:
Naval: 23,400 yd (21,400 m) at 45 degrees with HE shell at 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s)
2113:
2062:
2013:
1801:
755:
548:
333:
319:
178:
702:
1973:
1868:
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1707:
1264:
1239:
1225:
1207:
1145:
938:
816:
685:
556:
454:
403:
382:
363:
2108:
2057:
1601:
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1553:
473:
269:
261:
55:
2052:
2044:
1993:
1930:
823:
767:
732:
501:
326:
223:
92:
36:
1095:
1712:
997:
985:
839:
356:
311:
shells became available, making the gun significantly more effective against aircraft.
308:
1197:
1169:
1056:
968:
876:
2225:
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2088:
2029:
1409:
1383:
921:
378:
1839:
1354:
1327:
599:
583:
213:
106:
362:. The last of the Royal Navy's battleships which was commissioned after the war,
1217:
1254:
265:
159:
110:
88:
30:
2078:
1835:
1637:
1261:
History of the Royal
Regiment of Artillery – Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55
712:
432:
369:, had MK I turrets with enlarged gun houses compared to those fitted to the
1275:
Enemy engaged : a naval rating with the Mediterranean fleet, 1942–44
1657:
743:
615:
574:
Twin naval anti-aircraft mounting at Primrose Hill, London, August 1943
193:
166:
1035:
842:
to denote "Marks" (i.e. models) of ordnance until after World War II.
595:
after World War II, and in 1953 11 guns were installed in Gibraltar.
715:, the only intact battery of 5.25-inch AA guns anywhere in the world
1192:
British Naval Guns 1880–1945 No 14" article in "Warship Volume VIII
1784:
701:
577:
569:
518:
279:
1083:
1805:
1296:
1204:
British, Soviet, French, and Dutch Battleships of World War II.
318:
class and in Mk II twin mountings on nine of the first eleven
1186:
Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945
1017:
1015:
343:
due to shortages of the 5.25-inch gun. The last five of the
1108:
with little tracking capability, hence little effectiveness.
314:
The 5.25-inch gun was carried in Mk I twin mountings by the
42:. The empty cartridge cases from firing in support of the
898:
896:
582:
A single gun of the 801st AA & Coast Arty Battery in
630:
Rate of Fire: Sustained 7–8 rpm, 18 RPM claimed for HMS
1202:
Garzke, William H., Jr.; Dulin, Robert O., Jr. (1980).
1036:"Medium Calibre guns of the Royal Navy in World War II"
782:, the main US Navy dual-purpose gun during World War II
770:, German heavy anti-aircraft gun firing lighter shell
627:
Anti Aircraft Ceiling: 46,500 ft (14,170 m)
393:
The RN Gunnery Pocket Book published in 1945 states:
872:
870:
868:
2188:
2132:
2071:
2043:
2022:
1959:
1923:
1897:
1846:
1747:
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234:
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142:
137:
129:
121:
116:
102:
84:
74:
69:
61:
51:
21:
776:, the Royal Navy's medium-calibre dual-purpose gun
146:Barrel & breech: 9,616 lb (4,362 kg)
2237:World War II naval weapons of the United Kingdom
1236:The Gunners – A History of Australian Artillery
762:Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
624:Range: 24,070 yds (22,000 m) at 45 degrees
457:, escorting a convoy to Malta under, but later
165:Bore: 21 ft 10.5 in (6.67 m) 50
886:
884:
504:twin mounts carried on the German battleships
1817:
1308:
611:Bore Diameter: 5.25 inches (133 mm)
325:anti-aircraft cruisers, the exceptions being
302:battleships, which were designed to meet the
8:
852:was too slow to track a high-speed aircraft.
1057:"Britain 5.25"/50 (13.4 cm) QF Mark I"
2257:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
1824:
1810:
1802:
1315:
1301:
1293:
1273:Sired, Ronald; edited by Flynn, F.C. 1957
641:Mounting weight: 78.7 metric tons (varied)
536:Ships with QF 5.25 inch Mark I guns:
18:
461:was overwhelmed and sunk while operating
154:Total: 22 ft 11.5 in (7 m)
724:remains overlooking the sea at Gibraltar
621:Shell weight: 80 lbs (36.3 kg)
409:demonstration firing her main armament:
864:
809:
655:
230:Army AA: 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s)
1250:Jane's Battleships of the 20th Century
1051:
1049:
644:Mounting elevation: -5 to +70 degrees
523:Inside a 5.25-inch gun turret on HMS
228:Naval: 2,672 ft/s (814 m/s)
7:
1069:Garzke&Dullin, 1980. pp. 228–229
967:DiGiulian, Tony (29 January 2022).
890:Campbell, Naval Weapons of WW2, p44
794:, Italian naval gun of similar size
487:), was sunk at anchor in 1944 by a
446:The QF 5.25 guns performed well on
1238:. Allen & Unwin: St Leonards.
788:, French naval gun of similar size
500:contemporary weapons, such as the
250:AA: 46,500 ft (14,200 m)
240:AA: 36,000 ft (11,000 m)
14:
2123:
1780:5-inch 51 caliber Mark 8 gun (US)
1775:4-inch 50 caliber Mark 9 gun (US)
1222:Allied Artillery of World War Two
1135:Routledge pg 77, 92,204, 207, 432
2232:Naval guns of the United Kingdom
2201:BL 12-inch Mk V railway howitzer
786:Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1929
676:
658:
235:Effective firing range
29:
2196:BL 9.2-inch Mk XIII railway gun
1259:Routledge, Brigadier NW. 1994.
986:Model 1934 and Model 1934 R1938
2155:BL 6-inch Mk VII & Mk XXIV
1643:.50 Vickers Mk III machine gun
1592:QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk VIII
1040:Military Guns & Ammunition
969:"5.25"/50 (13.4 cm) QF Mark I"
284:QF 5.25-inch Mark I turret on
245:Maximum firing range
1:
2206:BL 13.5-inch Mk V railway gun
1224:. The Crowood Press: London.
1172:gives 3 inches at 9,500 yards
727:a turret originally from PNS
1969:BL 4.5-inch medium field gun
792:135 mm /45 Italian naval gun
670:(semi armour-piercing) shell
402:A wartime account describes
2211:BL 18-inch railway howitzer
1787:depth charge projector (US)
1559:QF 4-inch Mk XII & XXII
1525:QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII
707:A preserved 5.25-in gun at
614:Barrel Length: 6.668 m (50
188:, 80 pounds (36.29 kg)
44:Allied invasion of Normandy
2273:
2035:3.7-inch mountain howitzer
1770:3-inch 50 caliber gun (US)
1765:3-inch 23 caliber gun (US)
740:Pakistan Navy Headquarters
419:138 mm (5.4 in)
97:Royal Australian Artillery
1549:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V
1490:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V
1096:10.5 cm/65 (4.1") SK C/33
483:-class cruiser (Improved
172:
62:Place of origin
28:
2242:Naval anti-aircraft guns
1924:Field guns and howitzers
829:which served until 1985.
691:with shells, August 1942
347:class also known as the
1941:25-pounder Gun-Howitzer
1748:Foreign-sourced weapons
1255:The Gunnery Pocket Book
1117:Routledge 1994, page 92
1080:Tribal Class Destroyers
1009:Battleship, Middlebrook
923:The Gunnery Pocket Book
902:Routledge 1994, page 87
722:Princess Anne's Battery
709:Princess Anne's Battery
341:QF 4.5-inch Mk III guns
304:Washington Naval Treaty
258:QF 5.25-inch Mark I gun
198:5.25-inch (133 mm)
2099:QF 2-pounder naval gun
1979:BL 5.5-inch medium gun
1889:QF 95 mm howitzer
1695:Anti-submarine weapons
1638:.303 Lewis machine gun
1407:Secondary armament and
717:
587:
575:
528:
437:Italian 135/45 mm
415:
400:
291:
218:7-8 rpm sustained fire
214:Rate of fire
2072:Anti-aircraft weapons
2030:75mm Pack howitzer M1
1734:Vickers K machine gun
1569:Anti-aircraft weapons
1326:naval weapons of the
1263:. Brassey's: London.
1034:Williams, Anthony G.
774:QF 4.5-inch naval gun
705:
581:
573:
522:
441:Capitani Romani-class
411:
395:
283:
2094:QF 1½-pounder Mk III
2009:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
1999:BL 7.2-inch howitzer
1989:BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX
1951:QF 4.5-inch howitzer
1833:British Commonwealth
1722:Small craft armament
1703:depth charge thrower
1648:QF 3-pounder Vickers
1577:Unrotated projectile
1324:British Commonwealth
998:Models 1937 and 1938
738:) is at the gate of
586:, Papua, August 1944
502:10.5 cm SK C/33
224:Muzzle velocity
35:5.25-inch turret on
23:QF 5.25-inch Mark I
2150:QF 4.7-inch Mk I–IV
2140:QF 6-pounder 10 cwt
1791:Mark 8 torpedo (US)
1622:QF 4.7-inch Mk VIII
1485:QF 6-pounder 10 cwt
1023:Dido Class Cruisers
926:. 1945. p. 51.
439:gun as used on the
2124:QF 5.25-inch Mk II
2063:ML 4.2-inch mortar
2053:SBML 2-inch mortar
2014:240 mm howitzer M1
2004:BL 8-inch howitzer
1984:BL 6-inch howitzer
1962:guns and howitzers
1874:QF 3-inch howitzer
1449:BL 6-inch Mk XXIII
1277:W. Kimber: London.
1248:Ireland, Bernard,
1170:Naval Weapons page
877:Page of Navweapons
756:List of naval guns
718:
698:Surviving examples
588:
576:
544:-class battleships
529:
292:
117:Production history
2252:Coastal artillery
2219:
2218:
2189:Railway artillery
2175:BL 14-inch Mk VII
2165:BL 8-inch Mk VIII
2160:BL 7.5-inch Mk VI
2119:QF 4.5-inch Mk II
1974:BL 60-pounder gun
1960:Medium and heavy
1799:
1798:
1530:QF 4.7-inch Mk XI
1520:BL 4.7-inch Mk II
1444:BL 6-inch Mk XXII
1398:BL 8-inch Mk VIII
1393:BL 7.5-inch Mk VI
1196:DiGiulian, Tony,
1150:978-0-9775990-8-0
780:5"/38 caliber gun
455:Operation Halberd
260:was the heaviest
254:
253:
208:-5 to +70 degrees
80:1942-1960s (land)
78:1940-1985 (naval)
2264:
2247:133 mm artillery
2170:BL 9.2-inch Mk X
2058:ML 3-inch mortar
1946:25-pounder Short
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1729:Molins 6-pounder
1612:QF 4-inch Mk XVI
1602:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
1582:Holman Projector
1554:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
1510:QF 4-inch Mk XIX
1505:QF 4-inch Mk XVI
1439:BL 6-inch Mk XII
1328:Second World War
1317:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1206:London: Jane's.
1190:Campbell, John,
1173:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1126:Hogg pg. 105-106
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498:
339:, which mounted
270:Second World War
262:dual-purpose gun
56:Dual-purpose gun
33:
24:
19:
16:Dual-purpose gun
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2263:
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2261:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2184:
2180:BL 15-inch Mk I
2128:
2067:
2039:
2018:
1994:155 mm Long Tom
1961:
1955:
1931:75 mm Gun M1917
1919:
1893:
1842:
1830:
1800:
1795:
1743:
1739:18-inch torpedo
1717:
1690:
1671:21-inch Mk VIII
1652:
1626:
1563:
1534:
1500:BL 4-inch Mk IX
1495:QF 4-inch Mk IV
1470:
1453:
1408:
1402:
1378:
1349:
1330:
1321:
1284:
1234:Horner, David,
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1059:. navweaps.com.
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768:12.8 cm FlaK 40
764:
752:
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693:
692:
681:
672:
671:
663:
654:
608:
568:
552:-class cruisers
534:
496:
459:Prince of Wales
450:Prince of Wales
425:as used on the
391:
278:
249:
239:
229:
184:
173:
109:
95:
93:Royal Artillery
91:
79:
75:In service
70:Service history
47:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2084:20 mm Oerlikon
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1933:
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1898:Anti-tank guns
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1806:
1797:
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1767:
1762:
1757:
1755:20 mm Oerlikon
1751:
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1666:21-inch Mk VII
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1607:QF 4-inch Mk V
1604:
1599:
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1587:20 mm Oerlikon
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1419:QF 4-inch Mk V
1415:
1413:
1404:
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1282:External links
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2145:QF 12-pounder
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:Coast defence
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
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2090:
2089:20 mm Polsten
2087:
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2023:Mountain guns
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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1997:
1995:
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1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:QF 18-pounder
1934:
1932:
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1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1915:QF 17-pounder
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:QF 17-pounder
1877:
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1681:21-inch Mk XI
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1412:main armament
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1410:light cruiser
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1384:Heavy cruiser
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20:
2104:Bofors 40 mm
1910:QF 6-pounder
1905:QF 2-pounder
1864:QF 6-pounder
1859:QF 3-pounder
1854:QF 2-pounder
1840:World War II
1760:40 mm Bofors
1701:Thornycroft
1676:21-inch Mk X
1597:40 mm Bofors
1429:QF 5.25-inch
1428:
1355:Capital ship
1274:
1260:
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1221:
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1191:
1185:
1179:Bibliography
1165:
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1098:navweaps.com
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600:World War II
597:
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584:Port Moresby
566:Land service
558:
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541:
535:
532:Ship classes
524:
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328:
320:
315:
313:
297:
293:
287:
264:used by the
257:
255:
183:133x782 mm R
162: length
107:World War II
85:Used by
38:
2114:QF 3.7-inch
1617:QF 4.5-inch
1515:QF 4.5-inch
1459:Minesweeper
1434:BL 5.5-inch
1424:QF 4.5-inch
1218:Hogg, Ian V
1184:Brown, D.K.
463:along with
268:during the
186:Separate QF
133:Mk I, Mk II
46:, June 1944
2226:Categories
1374:BL 16-inch
1369:BL 15-inch
1364:BL 14-inch
1345:BL 15-inch
1000:Navweapons
988:Navweapons
799:References
652:Ammunition
433:destroyers
266:Royal Navy
111:Korean War
89:Royal Navy
2109:QF 3-inch
2079:Z Battery
1847:Tank guns
1836:artillery
1658:Torpedoes
1540:Submarine
1476:Destroyer
939:HMS
860:Citations
733:HMS
713:Gibraltar
686:HMS
557:HMS
527:in 1943.
489:Luftwaffe
474:HMS
448:HMS
404:HMS
364:HMS
357:HMS
336:Charybdis
334:HMS
327:HMS
286:HMS
204:Elevation
1884:77 mm HV
1869:QF 75 mm
1708:Hedgehog
1478:armament
1467:Corvette
1220:. 1998.
1078:Hodges,
941:Euryalus
819:Royalist
750:See also
688:Euryalus
684:Crew of
632:Vanguard
616:calibres
598:Late in
559:Vanguard
507:Bismarck
494:Euryalus
492:reduced
421:Mle 1934
406:Euryalus
366:Vanguard
309:VT-fuzed
167:calibres
130:Variants
122:Designed
2045:Mortars
1472:Frigate
1336:Monitor
1021:Raven,
973:Navweap
957:, p 63.
953:Sired,
744:Karachi
513:Tirpitz
481:Bellona
476:Spartan
465:Repulse
453:during
428:Mogador
353:Bellona
349:Bellona
194:Calibre
1267:
1242:
1228:
1210:
1148:
817:HMNZS
735:Diadem
666:Mk II
430:-class
329:Scylla
323:-class
300:-class
276:Design
160:Barrel
151:Length
39:Sirius
1785:Y-gun
1713:Squid
1463:Sloop
826:Babur
804:Notes
729:Babur
638:range
497:'
385:gun.
359:Anson
179:Shell
1542:guns
1474:and
1338:guns
1265:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1084:HACS
824:PNS
731:(ex
550:Dido
510:and
485:Dido
479:, a
470:Dido
423:guns
381:and
375:Dido
373:and
345:Dido
332:and
321:Dido
256:The
143:Mass
125:1935
103:Wars
52:Type
37:HMS
1838:of
742:in
668:SAP
516:.
2228::
1465:,
1461:,
1048:^
1038:.
1014:^
971:.
895:^
883:^
867:^
711:,
1825:e
1818:t
1811:v
1469:,
1316:e
1309:t
1302:v
1214:.
1042:.
975:.
634:.
618:)
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