Knowledge (XXG)

Renfe Class 353

Source đź“ť

1767: 29: 1872: 1844: 1793: 1676: 107: 886: 434:
coaches at a record speed of over 220 km/h (140 mph). Their commission was related to the inauguration of the Talgo III RD (dual gauge) coached train from
1638: 1744: 409:). Built with two interior walkways via the cabins, the locomotives were a little heavier than their predecessors at 88 t (87 long tons; 97 short tons). 2077: 1817: 1719: 1704: 1709: 1749: 1729: 1724: 1734: 1714: 405:
12-cylinder engine developing more power, 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) (at 1600 rpm) each, giving a tractive effort of 268 kN (60,000 lb
1822: 1739: 1669: 1832: 1754: 2082: 2067: 879: 412:
The locomotives were fitted with coupling screws and Scharfenberg couplers. Auxiliary generators provide electrical power for the coaches.
1862: 509: 1699: 1992: 1805: 1662: 1788: 401:
They were delivered between 1968 and 1969, built to a similar two-engined hydraulic transmission design as the Class 352 but with
2072: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 872: 2087: 2002: 1827: 829: 1839: 564:
The class was retired on 25 September 2003. The 353-005-2 is preserved in working condition at the museum of Vilanova.
1884: 550:
The standard gauge bogies found a use unexpected at the time of the locomotives inception – in 1991 was used to tow a
379: 1879: 398:, being similar in design, and from the same builder, but with more power and also two cabins to simplify operation. 856: 2052: 1633: 1553: 1513: 267: 2057: 1810: 1685: 228: 1643: 1800: 1608: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1558: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1508: 508:, on 4 May 1978, 353-001 reached 230 kilometres per hour (140 mph), for some time the class held the 501: 1932: 957: 952: 1867: 1603: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1389: 1384: 1205: 1200: 1190: 477:, and the Paris to Barcelona; taking charge of the train after it passed the change of gauge to broad 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1328: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 497: 515:
The mass electrifications in the eighties reduced the radius of action of both the Class 352 and
252: 1195: 540: 279: 59: 1952: 1947: 1937: 1927: 1922: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1613: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1333: 1312: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1237: 1210: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1008: 1003: 993: 988: 983: 967: 962: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 734: 730: 395: 2020: 2062: 757: 443: 416: 218: 1766: 2046: 1982: 737:- Predecessor and successor classes, built to a very similar design by Krauss-Maffei. 612: 478: 383: 245: 998: 815: 38: 492:
In May 1972, one of them reached a speed of 222 km/h (138 mph) between
1917: 493: 470: 241: 117: 833: 532: 505: 257: 415:
Two sets of standard gauge bogies were also supplied, for cross border work (
458: 1654: 1783: 864: 466: 451: 223:
2 auxiliary motors for electrical supply @ 175 kW (235 hp) each
800: 555: 528: 520: 486: 482: 447: 402: 271: 28: 1997: 544: 536: 524: 462: 439: 435: 394:
The class could be described as the bigger and better version of the
1987: 1969: 1170: 896: 551: 474: 431: 342: 2025: 2007: 34: 1658: 868: 1977: 558: 1765: 213:
4,000 L (880 imp gal; 1,100 US gal)
457:
The trains also worked other international trains such as
1968: 1961: 1895: 1855: 1776: 1692: 1501: 1494: 1429: 1398: 1377: 1321: 1230: 1223: 1183: 1088: 1042: 976: 910: 903: 356: 348: 338: 333: 317: 309: 304: 288: 278: 263: 251: 237: 227: 217: 209: 201: 193: 185: 177: 169: 116: 105: 96: 91: 73: 65: 55: 50: 21: 430:A total of five diesel were acquired to pull the 1670: 1639:Category:Rolling stock manufacturers of Spain 880: 758:Caract. tĂ©cnicas - Material motor - Renfe 353 8: 422:The locomotives were painted in red-silver. 16:Class of Spanish diesel-hydraulic locomotive 1965: 1677: 1663: 1655: 1498: 1227: 907: 887: 873: 865: 330: 301: 88: 47: 571: 796: 794: 792: 790: 788: 747: 205:88 t (87 long tons; 97 short tons) 786: 784: 782: 780: 778: 776: 774: 772: 770: 768: 510:world speed record for diesel traction 18: 753: 751: 197:3.45 m (11 ft 3.83 in) 189:3.04 m (9 ft 11.69 in) 7: 543:and direct corridor from Madrid to 2078:Standard gauge locomotives of Spain 554:train on the high speed Madrid to 519:, operating primarily in the axes 181:19 m (62 ft 4.0 in) 14: 841:Salmeron i Bosch, Carles (1985). 845:. Barcelona: Editorial Terminus. 27: 816:Renfe - Fuera de servicio - 353 1399:Narrow-gauge DMUs and railcars 706:"Virgen de la Bien Aparecida" 1: 386:for express trains in Spain. 321:3,000 hp (2,200 kW) 173:1,150 mm (45.28 in) 1322:Mainline and commuter trains 857:Photographs of the Class 353 380:diesel-hydraulic locomotives 313:180 km/h (110 mph) 2083:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives 2068:Diesel locomotives of Spain 2104: 1806:Andalusian transverse axis 1634:Category:Renfe locomotives 830:"Maybach engines in Spain" 2016: 1880:Central-Pyrenees corridor 1763: 1720:Madrid–CastellĂłn/Alicante 1710:Madrid–Barcelona–Figueres 1626: 843:Las Locomotoras de España 611: 329: 300: 87: 46: 26: 1777:Lines under construction 1686:High-speed rail in Spain 1378:Narrow-gauge locomotives 374:, formerly known as the 2073:Renfe high-speed trains 1789:Madrid – Basque Country 1644:Rail transport in Spain 801:SERIE 353 Talgo (3000T) 1801:Mediterranean Corridor 1770: 1554:040-2271 to 2285 (MZA) 860:fototrenes.tranvia.org 683:"Virgen de la Paloma" 2088:Passenger locomotives 1769: 587:manufacturers number 390:Background and design 1594:240-2001 (andaluces) 1559:062-0401 (andaluces) 1231:Mainline locomotives 977:Mainline locomotives 609:"Virgen de Lourdes" 481:at the stations of 1745:Barcelona–Perpignan 637:"Virgen de Fatima" 502:Alcázar de San Juan 498:Azuqueca de Henares 305:Performance figures 1818:Madrid–Extremadura 1771: 819:www.listadotren.es 761:www.listadotren.es 715:25 September 2003 669:25 September 1990 660:"Virgen del Yugo" 233:2 Maybach MD 655 Z 2053:Renfe locomotives 2038: 2037: 2034: 2033: 1868:Two seas corridor 1705:Antequera–Granada 1652: 1651: 1622: 1621: 1490: 1489: 1219: 1218: 1184:Narrow-gauge EMUs 911:High-speed trains 895:Rolling stock of 722: 721: 368: 367: 364: 363: 325: 324: 296: 295: 83: 82: 33:Renfe 353 001 at 2095: 1966: 1888: 1876: 1848: 1836: 1814: 1797: 1758: 1693:Lines in service 1679: 1672: 1665: 1656: 1514:030-2128 to 2205 1499: 1228: 908: 889: 882: 875: 866: 846: 837: 836:on 21 June 2007. 832:. Archived from 821: 813: 807: 798: 763: 755: 692:9 February 1983 575:Original number 572: 331: 302: 164: 162: 161: 157: 154: 146: 142: 140: 139: 135: 132: 124: 89: 76: 60:Diesel-hydraulic 48: 31: 19: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2058:B-B locomotives 2043: 2042: 2039: 2030: 2012: 1957: 1891: 1882: 1870: 1851: 1842: 1830: 1828:LeĂłn – Asturias 1808: 1791: 1772: 1761: 1752: 1725:Madrid–Asturias 1688: 1683: 1653: 1648: 1618: 1486: 1425: 1394: 1373: 1317: 1215: 1179: 1089:Commuter trains 1084: 1038: 972: 899: 893: 853: 840: 828: 825: 824: 814: 810: 799: 766: 756: 749: 744: 735:Renfe Class 354 731:Renfe Class 352 727: 597: 570: 428: 408: 396:Renfe Class 352 392: 378:are a class of 372:Renfe Class 353 159: 155: 152: 150: 149:4 ft  148: 144: 137: 133: 130: 128: 127:5 ft  126: 122: 98: 74: 51:Type and origin 42: 22:Renfe Class 353 17: 12: 11: 5: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2045: 2044: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1877: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1837: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1803: 1798: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1735:Madrid–Seville 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1715:Madrid-Galicia 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1659: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1503: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1232: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 980: 978: 974: 973: 971: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 914: 912: 905: 901: 900: 894: 892: 891: 884: 877: 869: 863: 862: 852: 851:External links 849: 848: 847: 838: 823: 822: 808: 764: 746: 745: 743: 740: 739: 738: 726: 723: 720: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 697: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 674: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 651: 650: 647: 646:5 August 2001 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 610: 607: 604: 600: 599: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 569: 566: 552:Talgo Pendular 427: 424: 417:bogie exchange 406: 391: 388: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 340: 336: 335: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 298: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289:Safety systems 286: 285: 282: 276: 275: 265: 261: 260: 255: 249: 248: 239: 235: 234: 231: 225: 224: 221: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 171: 170:Wheel diameter 167: 166: 120: 114: 113: 110: 103: 102: 99: 97:Configuration: 94: 93: 92:Specifications 85: 84: 81: 80: 77: 75:Total produced 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2100: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2041: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896:Rolling stock 1894: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856:Planned lines 1854: 1846: 1841: 1840:Madrid – JaĂ©n 1838: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1823:Lisbon–Madrid 1821: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1756: 1751: 1750:Seville–Cádiz 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1740:Madrid–Toledo 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1730:Madrid–Málaga 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1700:Atlantic Axis 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1043:Mainline EMUs 1041: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 981: 979: 975: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 915: 913: 909: 906: 902: 898: 890: 885: 883: 878: 876: 871: 870: 867: 861: 858: 855: 854: 850: 844: 839: 835: 831: 827: 826: 820: 817: 812: 809: 806: 802: 797: 795: 793: 791: 789: 787: 785: 783: 781: 779: 777: 775: 773: 771: 769: 765: 762: 759: 754: 752: 748: 741: 736: 732: 729: 728: 724: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 698: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 675: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 652: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 629: 625: 623:9 March 2003 622: 619: 616: 614: 613:Krauss-Maffei 608: 605: 602: 601: 595: 592: 590:Introduction 589: 586: 584:Manufacturer 583: 580: 577: 574: 573: 568:Fleet details 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 488: 484: 480: 479:Iberian gauge 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 438:to Paris via 437: 433: 425: 423: 420: 418: 413: 410: 404: 399: 397: 389: 387: 385: 384:Krauss-Maffei 381: 377: 373: 359: 355: 351: 347: 344: 341: 337: 332: 328: 320: 316: 312: 310:Maximum speed 308: 303: 299: 291: 287: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266: 262: 259: 256: 254: 250: 247: 243: 240: 236: 232: 230: 226: 222: 220: 216: 212: 210:Fuel capacity 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 145:1,435 mm 123:1,668 mm 121: 119: 115: 111: 109: 106: â€˘  104: 100: 95: 90: 86: 78: 72: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 49: 45: 40: 36: 30: 25: 20: 2040: 2021:Ouigo España 1942: 1307: 1172: 859: 842: 834:the original 818: 811: 804: 760: 563: 549: 516: 514: 491: 456: 429: 421: 414: 411: 400: 393: 375: 371: 369: 318:Power output 264:Transmission 219:Power supply 1883: [ 1871: [ 1843: [ 1831: [ 1809: [ 1792: [ 1753: [ 593:Withdrawal 578:UIC number 506:Rio Záncara 494:Guadalajara 471:Montpellier 242:Four-stroke 238:Engine type 229:Prime mover 202:Loco weight 2047:Categories 1933:/120 / 121 1863:Porto–Vigo 803:Class 353 742:References 703:353-005-2 680:353-004-5 657:353-003-7 634:353-002-9 606:353-001-1 598:travelled 596:Kilometres 500:. Between 426:Operations 280:MU working 270:: Maybach 66:Build date 56:Power type 805:wefer.com 541:Cartagena 517:Class 353 459:Barcelona 432:Talgo III 382:built by 360:1968/1969 357:Delivered 339:Operators 268:Hydraulic 253:Cylinders 39:GuipĂşzcoa 1962:Services 1784:Basque Y 1630:see also 1609:462-0401 1599:240-2081 1589:230-4001 1549:040-2091 1544:040-2071 1539:030-2537 1534:030-2340 1529:030-2206 1524:030-2128 1519:030-2107 1509:030-2107 1502:Mainline 1430:Shunters 904:Electric 725:See also 718:6041510 695:2894871 672:4385799 649:5765725 626:5913610 467:Narbonne 452:Bordeaux 163: in 141: in 101:​ 1993:Altaria 700:3005 T 677:3004 T 654:3003 T 631:3002 T 603:3001 T 556:Seville 533:AlmerĂ­a 529:Granada 521:Badajoz 487:Portbou 448:Hendaya 444:Vitoria 403:Maybach 272:Mekydro 158:⁄ 136:⁄ 1998:Alaris 1224:Diesel 709:19453 686:19452 663:19451 640:19450 617:19449 561:line. 545:Burgos 537:Murcia 525:Lisbon 463:Geneva 440:Burgos 436:Madrid 376:T-3000 349:Locale 334:Career 274:K184 U 246:diesel 194:Height 178:Length 69:1968-9 2063:Talgo 1988:Alvia 1983:Avant 1970:Renfe 1887:] 1875:] 1847:] 1835:] 1813:] 1796:] 1757:] 1495:Steam 1273:319.4 1268:319.3 1263:319.2 1173:Civia 1171:46* ( 897:Renfe 712:1969 689:1969 666:1968 643:1968 620:1968 581:Name 475:Culoz 352:Spain 343:Renfe 186:Width 118:Gauge 2026:Iryo 2008:Avlo 2003:Arco 1604:282F 1136:440R 504:and 496:and 485:and 483:IrĂşn 473:and 465:via 450:and 370:The 292:ASFA 244:(?) 112:B'B' 35:Irun 1978:AVE 1953:490 1948:354 1943:353 1938:130 1928:114 1923:112 1918:106 1913:103 1908:102 1903:100 1614:553 1584:230 1579:180 1574:151 1569:141 1564:140 1482:311 1477:310 1472:309 1467:308 1462:307 1457:306 1452:305 1447:304 1442:303 1437:301 1421:529 1416:527 1411:526 1406:524 1390:316 1385:315 1369:599 1364:598 1359:597 1354:596 1349:595 1344:594 1339:593 1334:592 1329:591 1313:354 1308:353 1303:352 1298:350 1293:340 1288:334 1283:333 1278:321 1258:319 1253:318 1248:316 1243:314 1238:313 1211:442 1206:438 1201:436 1196:435 1191:433 1166:451 1161:450 1156:447 1151:446 1146:445 1141:441 1131:440 1126:439 1121:436 1116:435 1111:434 1106:433 1101:431 1096:430 1080:470 1075:449 1070:448 1065:444 1060:443 1055:440 1050:432 1034:299 1029:289 1024:279 1019:278 1014:277 1009:276 1004:269 999:253 994:252 989:251 984:250 968:490 963:130 958:121 953:120 948:114 943:112 938:104 933:103 928:102 923:101 918:100 559:AVE 461:to 419:). 284:Yes 258:V12 108:UIC 2049:: 1885:es 1873:es 1845:es 1833:es 1811:es 1794:es 1755:es 767:^ 750:^ 733:, 547:. 539:/ 535:, 531:/ 527:, 523:/ 512:. 489:. 469:, 454:. 446:, 442:, 143:)/ 138:32 134:21 1678:e 1671:t 1664:v 1175:) 888:e 881:t 874:v 407:f 165:) 160:2 156:1 153:+ 151:8 147:( 131:+ 129:5 125:( 79:5 41:) 37:(

Index


Irun
GuipĂşzcoa
Diesel-hydraulic
UIC
Gauge
Power supply
Prime mover
Four-stroke
diesel
Cylinders
V12
Hydraulic
Mekydro
MU working
Renfe
diesel-hydraulic locomotives
Krauss-Maffei
Renfe Class 352
Maybach
bogie exchange
Talgo III
Madrid
Burgos
Vitoria
Hendaya
Bordeaux
Barcelona
Geneva
Narbonne

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑