Rifle - Knowledge (XXG)

531:, an English mathematician, realized that an elongated bullet would retain the momentum and kinetic energy of a musket ball, but would slice through the air with greater ease. The black powder used in early muzzle-loading rifles quickly fouled the barrel, making loading slower and more difficult. The greater range of the rifle was considered to be of little practical use since the smoke from black powder quickly obscured the battlefield and made it almost impossible to aim the weapon from a distance. Since musketeers could not afford to take the time to stop and clean their barrels in the middle of a battle, rifles were limited to use by 691: 1385:. These weapons are typically used to strike critical, vulnerable targets such as computerized command and control vehicles, radio trucks, radar antennae, vehicle engine blocks and the jet engines of enemy aircraft. Anti-materiel rifles can be used against human targets, but the much higher weight of rifle and ammunition, and the massive recoil and muzzle blast, usually make them less than practical for such use. The Barrett M82 is designed with a maximum effective range of 1,800 m (1.1 mi), although it has a confirmed kill distance of 2,430 m (1.51 mi) in 853:) diameter a long bullet was heavier than a round ball. The extra grip also spun the bullet more consistently, which increased the range from about 50 yards for a smoothbore musket to about 300 yards for a rifle using the Minié system. The expanding skirt of the Minié ball also solved the problem that earlier tight-fitting bullets were difficult to load as black powder residue fouled the inside of the barrel. The Minié system allowed conical bullets to be loaded into rifles just as quickly as round balls in smooth bores, which allowed 142: 700: 769:, as it was not practical to push an overbore bullet down through a rifled barrel. The dirt and grime from prior shots were pushed down ahead of a tight bullet or ball (which may have been a looser fit in the clean barrel before the first shot), and loading was far more difficult, as the lead had to be deformed to go down in the first place, reducing the accuracy due to deformation. Several systems were tried to deal with the problem, usually by resorting to an under-bore bullet that expanded upon firing. 826: 469: 971: 1267: 1533:

greatest predictor of an individual soldier's combat effectiveness was the number of rounds he fired. Weapons designers and strategists realized that service rifles firing smaller-caliber projectiles would allow troops to carry far more ammunition for the same weight. The lower recoil and more generous magazine capacities of small-caliber weapons also allow troops a much greater volume of fire, compared to historical

637:, used the rifle to great effect during skirmishing. Because of a slower loading time than a musket, they were not adopted by the whole army. Since rifles were used by sharpshooters who did not routinely fire over other men's shoulders, long length was not required to avoid the forward line. A shorter length made a handier weapon in which tight-fitting balls did not have to be rammed so far down the barrel. 925: 33: 1105: 457: 773: 577: 564:, these Pennsylvania and Kentucky rifles had a tighter bore with no space between bullet and barrel, and still used balls instead of conical bullets. The balls the long rifle used were smaller, allowing the production of more rounds for a given amount of lead. These rifles also had longer barrels, allowing more accuracy, which were rifled with a 406:. A military's light machine guns are typically chambered for the same caliber ammunition as its service rifles. Generally, the difference between an automatic rifle and a machine gun comes down to weight, cooling system, and ammunition feed system. Rifles, with their relatively lighter components (which overheat quickly) and smaller capacity 1293:-lined barrels to reduce wear and enhance corrosion resistance. This is rare on rifles designed for extreme accuracy, as the plating process is difficult and liable to reduce the effect of the rifling.) Modern ammunition has a hardened lead core with a softer outer cladding or jacket, typically of an alloy of copper and nickel – 375: 845:, which relied on a conical bullet (known as a Minié ball) with a hollow skirt at the base of the bullet. When fired, the skirt would expand from the pressure of the exploding charge and grip the rifling as the round was fired. The better seal gave more power, as less gas escaped past the bullet. Also, for the same 1036: 1537:. Smaller, faster traveling, less stable projectiles have also demonstrated greater terminal ballistics and therein, a greater lethality than traditional .30-caliber rounds. Most modern service rifles fire a projectile of approximately 5.56 mm. Examples of firearms in this range are the American 1496:

The standard calibers used by the world's militaries tend to follow worldwide trends. These trends have significantly changed during the centuries of firearm design and re-design. Muskets were normally chambered for large calibers, such as .50 or .59 (12.7 mm or 15 mm), with the theory that

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reaching approximately 2 m (7 ft) in length to maximize accuracy, making early rifles impractical for use by cavalry. However, following the advent of more powerful smokeless powder, a shorter barrel did not impair accuracy as much. As a result, cavalry saw limited, but noteworthy, usage in

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The original muzzle-loading rifle, with a closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was loaded with difficulty, particularly when foul, and for this reason was not generally used for military purposes. With the advent of rifling, the bullet itself did not initially change but was wrapped in a

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Rifles were initially single-shot, muzzle-loading weapons. During the 18th century, breech-loading weapons were designed, which allowed the rifleman to reload while under cover, but defects in manufacturing and the difficulty in forming a reliable gas-tight seal prevented widespread adoption. During

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Revolving rifles were an attempt to increase the rate of fire of rifles by combining them with the revolving firing mechanism that had been developed earlier for revolving pistols. Colt began experimenting with revolving rifles in the early 19th century, and other manufacturers like Remington later

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proved to have a much faster rate of fire than muzzleloaders, causing military forces to abandon muzzle loaders in favor of breech-loading designs in the late 1860s. In the later part of the 19th century, rifles were generally single-shot, breech-loading guns, designed for aimed, discretionary fire

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was the first such type designed to spin the round for accuracy. Bullets for these guns were made to match the shape of the bore so the bullet would grip the rifle bore and take a spin that way. These were generally large caliber weapons, and the ammunition still did not fit tightly in the barrel.

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in 1866. Breech-loading was to have a major impact on warfare, as breech-loading rifles can be fired at a rate many times faster than muzzle-loaded rifles and significantly can be loaded from a prone rather than standing position. Firing prone (i.e., lying down) is more accurate than firing from a

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groove. These first started appearing sometime before 1740, one early example being made by Jacob Dickert, a German immigrant. By 1750 there were a number of such manufacturers in the area. The longer barrel was a departure by local gunsmiths from their German roots, allowing bullets to achieve a

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Using metric units, the formula divides the number of millimeters in a meter (1000) by the barrel twist in millimeters (the length of travel along the barrel per full rotation). This number is then multiplied by the muzzle velocity in meters per second (m/s) and the number of seconds in a minute

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During and after World War II it became accepted that most infantry engagements occurred at ranges of less than 300 m; the range and power of the large full-powered rifle cartridges were "overkill", requiring weapons heavier than otherwise necessary. This led to Germany's development of the

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were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using spherical ammunition fired at relatively low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of precision manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle, the musket ball was a loose fit in the barrel. Consequently, on firing the ball

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Historically, rifles only fired a single projectile with each squeeze of the trigger. Modern rifles are commonly classified as single-shot, bolt-action, semi-automatic, or automatic. Single-shot, bolt-action, and semi-automatic rifles are limited by their designs to fire a single shot for each

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Detailed study of infantry combat during and after World War II revealed that most small-arms engagements occurred within 100 meters, meaning that the power and range of the traditional .30-caliber weapons (designed for engagements at 500 meters and beyond) were essentially wasted. The single

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standing position, and a prone rifleman presents a much smaller target than a standing soldier. The higher accuracy and range, combined with reduced vulnerability generally benefited the defense while making the traditional battle between lines of standing and volleying infantrymen obsolete.

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During the 1700s (18th century), colonial settlers, particularly those immigrating from Germany and Switzerland, adapted and improved upon their European rifles. The improved long rifles were used for precise shooting, aiming, and firing at individual targets, instead of the musket's use for

610:, and in the southern states where General Morgan commanded as well. Taking advantage of the rifle's improved accuracy, Morgan's sharpshooters picked off cannoneers and officers, reducing the impact of enemy artillery. This kind of advantage was considered pivotal in many battles, such as 1451:

Using imperial units, the formula divides the number of inches in a foot (12) by the rate of twist that the barrel has. This number is multiplied by the muzzle velocity (MV) and the number of seconds in a minute (60). For example, a bullet with a muzzle velocity of 3,000 feet per second

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produced large quantities of smoke and soot, which had to be cleaned from the action and bore of the musket frequently, either through the action of repeated bore scrubbing, or a deliberate attempt to create "soot grooves" that would allow for more shots to be fired from the firearm.

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rifles (among others) were equipped with long-range 'volley sights' for massed firing at ranges of up to 1.6 km (1 mi). Individual shots were unlikely to hit, but a platoon firing repeatedly could produce a 'beaten ground' effect similar to light artillery or machine guns.

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of the rifling. Excessive rotational speed can exceed the bullet's designed limits and the inadequate centripetal force will fail to keep the bullet from disintegrating in a radial fashion. The rotational speed of the bullet can be calculated by using the formula below.

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rifle, although some youth rifles are semi-automatic. They are usually very light, with a greatly shortened length of pull, which is necessary to accommodate children. Youth stocks are available for many popular rifles, such as the

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and breech-loading in the 19th century was concurrent with the general adoption of rifles. In the early part of the 20th century, soldiers were trained to shoot accurately over long ranges with high-powered cartridges. World War I

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fashion at the point of firing and effectively sealed the breech while the pressure remained high, then relaxed back enough to allow for easy removal. By the end of the 19th century, the leading bolt-action design was that of

549:) to fire at the opposing forces. Precise aim was thus not necessary to hit an opponent. Muskets were used for comparatively rapid, imprecisely aimed volley fire, and the average soldier could be easily trained to use them. 1332:

became standard, further increasing the rate of fire and minimizing the fuss involved in loading a firearm. The problem of proper seal creation had been solved with the use of brass cartridge cases, which expanded in an

410:, are incapable of sustained automatic fire in the way that machine guns are; they trade this capability in favor of increased mobility. Modern military rifles are fed by magazines, while machine guns are generally 1190:

Dimension 1200es printer. It was created by a Canadian only known by the pseudonym "Matthew" who told The Verge that he was in his late 20s, and his main job was making tools for the construction industry.

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line of pistols (which fire standard bullets). Many of the early designs were prone to dangerous backfiring, which could lead to the destruction of the weapon and serious injury to the person firing it.

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trigger pull. Only automatic rifles are capable of firing more than one round per trigger squeeze; however, some automatic rifles are limited to fixed bursts of two, three, or more rounds per squeeze.

747:. These Rifle Regiments were deployed as skirmishers during the Peninsular war in Spain and Portugal, and were more effective than skirmishers armed with muskets due to their accuracy and long range. 796:

officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves. Delvigne's method, however, deformed the bullet and was inaccurate.

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In October 2020, another 3D-printed 9mm rifle known as the "FGC-9mm" was created. It is reported that it can be made in 2 weeks with $ 500 of tools. A second model was later made in April 2021.

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essentially refers to the width of the bullet fired through a rifle's barrel. Armies have consistently attempted to find and procure the most lethal and accurate caliber for their firearms.

1218:, a semi-automatic .22 LR rifle, allowing a youth rifle to be made from a standard rifle by simply changing the stock. The typical ages of shooters for such rifles vary from about age 5+. 765:

Gradually, rifles appeared with cylindrical barrels cut with helical grooves, the surfaces between the grooves being "lands". The innovation was shortly followed by the mass adoption of

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As the bullet enters the barrel, it inserts itself into the rifling, a process that gradually wears down the barrel, and also causes the barrel to heat up more rapidly. Therefore, some

212:) cut into the bore wall. In keeping with their focus on accuracy, rifles are typically designed to be held with both hands and braced firmly against the shooter's shoulder via a 1366:

dramatically increased the range and accuracy of the musket. Indeed, throughout its development, the rifle's history has been marked by increases in range and accuracy. From the

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Over the 19th century, bullet design also evolved, the bullets becoming gradually smaller and lighter. By 1910 the standard blunt-nosed bullet had been replaced by the pointed,

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imprecise fire. During the American Revolution, the colonist troops favoured these more accurate rifles while their use was resisted by the British and Hessian troops.

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stored in a removable seven-round tube magazine, enabling the rounds to be fired one after another. When the magazine was empty, it could be exchanged for another.

414:. Many machine guns allow the operator to quickly exchange barrels in order to prevent overheating, whereas rifles generally do not. Most machine guns fire from an 1289:

barrels for target rifles are much more resistant to wear, allowing many thousands of rounds to be fired before accuracy drops. (Many shotguns and small arms have

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in the 1840s solved the slow loading problem, and in the 1850s and 1860s rifles quickly replaced muskets on the battlefield. Many rifles, often referred to as

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defended by riflemen and machine gunners. The carnage of World War I was perhaps the greatest vindication and vilification of the rifle as a military weapon.

598:, these rifles were commonly used by frontiersmen, and Congress authorized the establishment of ten companies of riflemen. One of the most critical units was 1373:

In recent decades, large-caliber anti-materiel rifles, typically firing between 12.7 mm and 20 mm caliber cartridges, have been developed. The US

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Many different shapes and degrees of spiraling were used in experimental designs. One widely produced example was the Metford rifling in the Pattern 1888

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are equipped with quick-change barrels that can be swapped every few thousand rounds, or in earlier designs, were water-cooled. Unlike older carbon

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The performance of early muskets defined the style of warfare at the time. Due to the lack of accuracy, soldiers were deployed in long lines (thus

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The origins of rifling are difficult to trace, but some of the earliest European experiments seem to have been carried out during the 15th century.

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use because rifles were much more prone to problems due to powder fouling the barrel and because they took longer to reload and fire than muskets.

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of over 100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) (or over about 1.67 kilohertz, since 1 RPM = 1/60 Hz). The rotational speed depends both on the

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During World War I and II, most rifles were chambered in .30 caliber (7.62 mm), a combination of power and speed. Examples would be the

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rifle that was adopted by the United States. Over 20,000 were used during the American Civil War. It was the first adoption of a removable

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A youth rifle is a rifle designed or modified for fitting children or other small-framed shooters. A youth rifle is often a single-shot

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claimed it as a German invention in his extensive writings about the history of the rifle, and the evolution and use of the technology.

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The original Grizzly fired a single shot before breaking. Grizzly 2.0 fired fourteen bullets before getting damaged due to the strain.

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on the projectile as it moves down the bore, imparting a spin. When the projectile leaves the barrel, this spin persists and lends

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by individual soldiers. Then, as now, rifles had a stock, either fixed or folding, to be braced against the shoulder when firing.

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Some of the earliest examples of European grooved gun barrels were reportedly manufactured during 1440, and further developed by

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and is shouldered before firing, even if the weapon is not rifled or does not fire solid projectiles (e.g. "laser rifle").

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process of creating grooves with cutting tools. By the 20th century, the weapon had become so common that the modern noun

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The increased velocity meant that new problems arrived, and so bullets went from being soft lead to harder lead, then to

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of 1904–1905, military observers from Europe and the United States witnessed a major conflict fought with high velocity

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was an early repeating rifle and the first one to be used by the U.S. Government and saw some limited action during the

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in 1857, and the British Calisher and Terry carbine made in Birmingham and later in 1864 and the better known British

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Shooter's Bible Guide to Tactical Firearms: A Comprehensive Guide to Precision Rifles and Long-Range Shooting Gear

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bounced off the sides of the barrel when fired and the final direction on leaving the muzzle was unpredictable.

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on 25 May 2024 – via Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

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stands at 3,540 m (11,610 ft), set by an unnamed soldier with Canada's elite special operations unit

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The solution for hundreds of years was to wrap the bullet in a greased cloth patch and ram it down the barrel

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For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 1 turn in 8" with a muzzle velocity of 3000 ft/s:

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fought in 1905 consisted of nearly 343,000 Russian troops against over 281,000 Japanese troops. The Russian

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had long realized that a twist added to the tail feathers of their arrows gave them greater accuracy. Early

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barrels, which were limited to around 1,000 shots before the extreme heat caused accuracy to fade, modern

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The first half of the 19th century saw a distinct change in the shape and function of the bullet. In 1826

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For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 190 mm with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s:

648:, were very similar to the muskets they replaced, but the military also experimented with other designs. 426:

for accuracy. Machine guns are often crewed by more than one soldier; the rifle is an individual weapon.

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Rifles were created as an improvement in the accuracy of smoothbore muskets. In the early 18th century,

987:. Revolvers, both rifles and pistols, tend to spray fragments of metal from the front of the cylinder. 723: 83: 1067:

bolt-action rifle in 6.5 mm; both had velocities well over 2,000 feet per second (610 m/s).

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Common rifles from the mid-to-late 20th century of various types and configurations, displayed at the

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An important area of development was the way that cartridges were stored and used in the weapon. The

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are favored). Rifles derived from military designs have long been popular with civilian shooters.

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was invented in 1866. The firer pulled on a lever to reload the rifle with a stored cartridge.

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higher speed (as the burning gunpowder was contained longer) before emerging from the barrel.

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was a semi-automatic rapid-fire rifle developed for modern warfare use in World War II.

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While many people contributed to the development of the concept of rifling and rifles,

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Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, Entwürfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860

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Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, Entwürfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860

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the British army created several experimental units known as "Rifles", armed with the

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is a 3D printed .22-caliber rifle created around August 2013. It was created using a

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for his rifles, with the lead bullet being supported by a wooden sabot at its base.

756: 585: 307: 287: 279: 249: 158: 90: 3008: 1545: 1128: 940: 924: 2486:"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques" 2388:"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques" 560:, was developed over the course of the 18th century. Compared to the more common 5395: 5390: 5087: 4934: 4874: 4746: 4729: 4602: 4577: 4490: 4427: 4397: 4367: 4342: 4306: 4281: 4249: 4239: 4234: 4122: 4100: 3934: 3902: 3807: 3706: 3627: 3347: 1869: 1732: 1723: 1652: 1629: 1386: 1339: 1329: 1325: 1278: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1079: 1048: 948: 873: 744: 716: 634: 581: 438: 423: 419: 395: 170: 32: 2613: 2549: 2168: 2123: 1104: 17: 5296: 5291: 5263: 5151: 5044: 4984: 4974: 4857: 4784: 4756: 4684: 4522: 4458: 4286: 4142: 4001: 3976: 3939: 3892: 3473: 3417: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3221: 3114: 3029:"Canadian elite special forces sniper makes record-breaking kill shot in Iraq" 2273: 2227: 2180: 2135: 2005: 1839: 1764: 1752: 1422: 1120: 1071: 936: 834: 772: 561: 557: 456: 359: 347: 332: 283: 271: 205: 2509: 2426: 2403: 2343:(4). United Kingdom: Smith, Elder and Co.: 505–512 April 1860. Archived from 2281: 2235: 841:

One of the most famous was the Minié system, invented by French Army Captain

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on 4 November 2010 – via Updated URL provided for Project Gutenberg.

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900 m/s × (1000 mm /(190 mm)) × 60 s/min = 284 210 RPM

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to further reduce internal friction – the so-called 'moly-coated' bullet.

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Some early rifled firearms had barrels with a twisted polygonal bore. The

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and beyond, the rifle has become ever more potent at long-range strikes.

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in warfare, and of enthusiastic target shooters in peacetime. The modern

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From 1836, breech-loading rifles were introduced with the German Dreyse

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models. The American M1903 closely copied Mauser's original design.

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was so quick as to outstrip the development of any way to attack a

606:. This sharpshooting unit eventually proved itself integral to the 3852: 3847: 3832: 3787: 1548: 1282: 1254: 1103: 1034: 923: 771: 575: 565: 467: 455: 373: 174: 154: 140: 2428:

Effect of Barrel Length on the Muzzle Velocity and Report from a

669:

Currently, rifles are the most common firearm in general use for

444:

In many works of fiction "rifle" refers to any weapon that has a

1070:

Until the late 19th century rifles tended to be very long, some

242: 5145: 4678: 3869: 3248: 3144: 1377:

is probably the best-known such rifle. A second example is the

1237:

The usual form of rifling was helical grooves in a round bore.

1035: 903:

mixtures, propelling bullets to higher velocities than before.

872:, due to their enhanced power and accuracy. At the time of the 3837: 3797: 3226: 3211: 3119: 1756: 399: 217: 26: 2822:

Bayonets Before Bullets; The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914

2638:. Firearms History, Technology & Development. 16 May 2010 947:. Primitive chamber-locking mechanisms were soon replaced by 429:

The term "rifle" is sometimes used to describe larger rifled

331:

The distinct feature that separates a rifle from the earlier

2973: 1775:

Bolt-release rifle, also known as lever-release rifle, e.g.

1559: 1456:

MV (in fps) × (12 in. /twist rate) × 60 s/min. = Bullet RPM

1439:

MV (in m/s) × (1000 mm /twist) × 60 s/min = Bullet RPM

1253:

is still used in some weapons today, one example being the

1063:

Model 1891 in 7.62 mm was pitted against the Japanese

2898:

World's first 3D-printed rifle gets update, fires 14 shots

2435:(Undergraduate honors thesis). University of South Florida 1477:(bullet or barrel diameters), from as low as 4.4 mm ( 2169:"Friedrich Engels. On Rifled Cannon. 1. Hälfte März 1860" 216:

for stability during shooting. Rifles have been used in

2564:"Round Balls In Fast Twist Rifles | White Muzzleloading" 1464:

3000 fps × (12"/(8"/rotation)) × 60 s/min. = 270,000 RPM

132:

This article is about the long gun. For other uses, see

520:. Military commanders preferred smoothbore weapons for 883:, an innovation that increased range and penetration. 350:. The raised areas of a barrel's rifling are called 298:), although other propulsive means are used, such as 208:

that has a helical or spiralling pattern of grooves (

2536:"Those Tall American Patriots and Their Long Rifles" 2212:"Rifle Theory: Engels and the History of Technology" 2130:, De Gruyter, pp. 1008–1010, 31 December 1984, 1600:

Pump pneumatic, either single-stroke or multi-stroke

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21, no. 4 (Winter 1957) ed. Morton Borden, 193–198.

3086:"Calculating Bullet RPM – Spin Rates and Stability" 2318:

The Gun and Its Development: With Notes on Shooting

633:, as well as sharpshooters and riflemen during the 394:overlap to some extent in design and function with 57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2787: 2490:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2392:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2331:"The How and Why of Long Shots and Straight Shots" 2175:, De Gruyter, pp. 898–901, 31 December 1984, 887:design evolved from simple paper tubes containing 785:greased, cloth patch to grip the rifling grooves. 556:USA, one of the most successful early rifles, the 382:rifle, World War II era, from US Army field manual 2875:First 3-D printed rifle fires bullet, then breaks 1078:The advent of the massed, rapid firepower of the 1019:-fed infantry rifle. The design was completed by 366:, increasing accuracy and hence effective range. 263:designed for well-aimed discharge activated by a 2636:"Rifling: Expanding Bullets and the Minie Rifle" 1160:are usually capable of accuracy better than 0.3 5467:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) 2893: 2891: 895:for ignition, and black powder was replaced by 868:of the early 1860s featured prominently in the 2870: 2868: 2866: 2815: 2813: 2811: 1413:Bullets leaving a rifled barrel can spin at a 891:and shot, to sealed brass cases with integral 259:is now often used for any log-shaped handheld 3156: 2972:Seton-Karr, Henry; Atkinson, Charles (1911). 2845:Honeycutt, Fred L.; Anthony, F. Patt (2006). 2762:"Back to Basics: Center-fire Cartridge Cases" 2460:"Book Explores History of the American Rifle" 1608:Compressed gas (external pressure reservoir) 8: 3056:"Topic of the Month: July 2001 – Twist Rate" 2824:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. 2550:"A Short History Of The Kentucky Long Rifle" 2364:IU South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal 1497:these large bullets caused the most damage. 1130: 472:Girdled bullet and twin rifle groove of the 2849:(Fifth ed.). Monticello, Iowa: Julin. 673:(with the exception of bird hunting, where 5422: 5142: 4862: 4697: 4675: 4451: 4325: 3885: 3866: 3679: 3493: 3245: 3192: 3163: 3149: 3141: 3133:, April, May and June, 1860, reprinted in 2454: 2452: 2450: 2262:Royal United Services Institution. Journal 1395:record for the longest confirmed kill shot 2967: 2965: 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 2662:"Reloading: Bullet Materials and Shapes" 1597:Pneumatic (internal pressure reservoir) 1473:Rifles may be chambered in a variety of 1265: 969: 824: 733:; (right) rifling of the Lepage carbine. 2296:"Rifle Definition, Meaning & Usage" 2112: 1011:was a breech-loading manually operated 899:, and then other nitro-cellulose-based 857:to replace muskets on the battlefield. 422:", while almost all rifles fire from a 951:mechanisms, exemplified by the French 433:firing explosive shells, for example, 2298:. FineDictionary.com. 9 February 2012 1346:was paralleled by Britain's ten-shot 270:Like all typical firearms, a rifle's 153:, United States. From top to bottom: 7: 2738:Almanac of American Military History 2381: 2379: 2377: 2316:Greener, William Wellington (1885). 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2163: 2161: 2118: 2116: 979:experimented with them as well. The 535:and non-military uses like hunting. 55:adding citations to reliable sources 362:stability to the projectile due to 354:; they make contact with and exert 2258:"The Rifle: A Weapon of Precision" 2041:Objective Individual Combat Weapon 1249:service rifle. Although uncommon, 811:Minié system – the "rifled musket" 418:in order to reduce the danger of " 25: 2502:10.5215/pennmaghistbio.141.1.0069 1430:MV/ twist rate = rotational speed 1297:. Some ammunition is coated with 860:Minié system rifles, notably the 2320:, pp. 50 and 620. Cassell Books. 698: 689: 364:conservation of angular momentum 278:) is propelled by the contained 31: 2660:McHale, Tom (3 February 2017). 2071:Shooting at the Summer Olympics 981:Colt Revolving Rifle Model 1855 631:60th Regiment, (Royal American) 42:needs additional citations for 2026:List of multiple barrel rifles 708:(left) "Premier Consul" model 1: 5332:Firearms by country 5247:Civilian Marksmanship Program 3129:, articles from the New York 3027:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017). 2794:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 2425:Clark, Brandon Louis (2011). 1521:An exception was the Italian 1409:Bullet rotational speed (RPM) 1316:the 19th century, multi-shot 727: 627:95th Regiment (Green Jackets) 514: 504: 2900:, The Verge, 4 August 2013.( 2588:Sadowski, Robert A. (2015). 404:M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle 346:) is the rifling within its 5503:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 5401:Campaign Against Arms Trade 2877:, NBC News, 26 July 2013. ( 1603:Pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) 1527:6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano 1178:Grizzly (.22-caliber rifle) 316:competitive target shooting 5563: 5457:High-capacity magazine ban 4583:Mean time between failures 2820:Menning, Bruce W. (1992). 2740:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1028. 2616:. Britannica. 9 April 2020 2256:Hardcastle, J. H. (1912). 1308: 1230: 1175: 997:Winchester repeating rifle 963: 917: 814: 805:Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin 754: 596:American Revolutionary War 131: 5425: 5186:Household ownership rates 5141: 4865: 4700: 4674: 4454: 4328: 3888: 3865: 3682: 3496: 3257: 3244: 3195: 3191: 3118:, a booklet from 1945 in 2945:"GUIDE to Bullet Coating" 2881:10 September 2014 at the 2484:Reichmann, Felix (1945). 2386:Reichmann, Felix (1945). 2274:10.1080/03071841209420035 2228:10.1177/00905917231155277 2181:10.1515/9783050076119-093 2136:10.1515/9783050076119-127 1853:Designated marksman rifle 1039:Czechoslovak rifle vz. 24 939:, followed by the French 928:Loading mechanism of the 833:used in Japan during the 464:microgroove rifled barrel 129:Common long range firearm 2847:Military Rifles of Japan 2766:www.americanrifleman.org 2358:Stanage, Justin (2000). 2101:Precision-guided firearm 2031:List of rifle cartridges 1075:20th-century conflicts. 1023:in 1860. It used copper 776:The method developed by 554:Province of Pennsylvania 306:, which are popular for 235:The term was originally 147:National Firearms Museum 5487:by U.S. state 4897:Overpressure ammunition 4832:Improved Military Rifle 4538:Circular error probable 3457:Personal defence weapon 2985:Encyclopædia Britannica 2736:Spencer Tucker (2013). 2001:British military rifles 1845:Personal defense weapon 1617:High pressure air (HPA) 1485:calibers to as high as 1009:Spencer repeating rifle 974:Colt Model 1855 Carbine 966:Revolver § History 584:, the first successful 5181:Civilian gun ownership 4710:Firing (Shooting) 3115:The Story of the Rifle 2904:6 October 2014 at the 2568:whitemuzzleloading.com 2016:List of assault rifles 1728:Colt Lightning Carbine 1525:rifle, which used the 1421:of the bullet and the 1383:Accuracy International 1274: 1140:, and ultimately, the 1131: 1123: 1040: 975: 932: 838: 781: 767:breech-loading weapons 650:Breech-loading weapons 612:the battles of Cowpens 591: 477: 465: 383: 378:Names of parts of the 230:target shooting sports 196:designed for accurate 182: 134:Rifle (disambiguation) 4655:Handgun effectiveness 4588:Minute of Angle (MOA) 4464:Ballistic coefficient 3440:Semi-automatic pistol 2786:Keegan, John (1999). 2210:Shafer, Matt (2023). 2036:List of sniper rifles 2021:List of battle rifles 1987:Advanced Combat Rifle 1954:Modern sporting rifle 1269: 1107: 1038: 973: 927: 828: 775: 640:The invention of the 579: 471: 459: 377: 286:compound (originally 144: 5272:in the United States 4930:Armour piercing 4491:Rangefinding/keeping 4403:Push/Controlled feed 4195:Synchronization gear 3930:Blank-firing adapter 3781: or famous 3000:Friscolanti, Michael 1959:Short-barreled rifle 1788:Semi-automatic rifle 1751:Straight-pull, e.g. 1648:Breech-loading rifle 1635:Muzzle-loading rifle 1299:molybdenum disulfide 843:Claude-Étienne Minié 761:Muzzle-loading rifle 51:improve this article 5364:Privately made 5327:Firearm brands 5213:State firearms 5193:Exhibition shooting 5176:Celebratory gunfire 5035:Plastic tipped 4965:High explosive 4486:Physics of firearms 3090:AccurateShooter.com 3004:"We were abandoned" 2790:The First World War 2691:www.buffaloarms.com 2091:Silencer (firearms) 1830:Anti-materiel rifle 1350:and America's 1903 1273:with a Mauser rifle 1136:(short) round, the 1109:Remington Model 700 1021:Christopher Spencer 594:By the time of the 452:Historical overview 431:crew-served weapons 5462:Right to bear arms 5408:Featureless rifles 5354:Improvised firearm 5315:3D printed firearm 5203:United States 5098:Fully powered 5005:Total metal jacket 4645:Stock measurements 3368:Underwater firearm 3264: versus 3127:"On Rifled Cannon" 3125:Friedrich Engels, 3034:The Globe and Mail 2712:"Revolving Rifles" 2666:GunsAmerica Digest 1711:Lever-action rifle 1399:Joint Task Force 2 1391:Operation Anaconda 1275: 1271:Benchrest shooting 1124: 1113:.30-06 Springfield 1049:bolt-action rifles 1045:Russo-Japanese War 1041: 1025:rimfire cartridges 985:American Civil War 976: 933: 839: 782: 724:Napoléon Bonaparte 719:and named for the 608:Battle of Saratoga 592: 478: 476:, mid-19th century 466: 384: 183: 5532:Hunting equipment 5519: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5476:United States Gun 5137: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5020:Hollow point 4945:Full metal jacket 4852: 4851: 4810:Tubes and Primers 4670: 4669: 4620:Power factor 4558:Gun harmonisation 4511: 4510: 4441: 4440: 4315: 4314: 4297:Night vision 3861: 3860: 3773: 3772: 3687:Automatic shotgun 3664: 3663: 3251:Types of firearms 3240: 3239: 3014:Rogers Publishing 2716:Forgotten Weapons 2336:Cornhill Magazine 2190:978-3-05-007611-9 2145:978-3-05-007611-9 1976: 1975: 1733:Bolt-action rifle 1514:, and the German 1352:Springfield Rifle 1251:polygonal rifling 1222:Technical aspects 1003:Cartridge storage 621:Later during the 600:Morgan's Riflemen 435:recoilless rifles 296:smokeless powders 282:of a combustible 248:referring to the 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 5554: 5547:Personal weapons 5423: 5369:Small arms trade 5307:Firearm industry 5158:, and 5143: 5015:Hollow base 4863: 4842:Smokeless powder 4698: 4676: 4625:Precision-guided 4452: 4326: 4133:Rail system 4007:Flash suppressor 3886: 3867: 3813:Winchester rifle 3803:Antique firearms 3733:20-gauge shotgun 3680: 3494: 3246: 3193: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3142: 3135:Military Affairs 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3062:. 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3108: 3107:External links 3105: 3103: 3102: 3077: 3066:on 12 May 2013 3047: 3019: 2991: 2980:Chisholm, Hugh 2961: 2936: 2910: 2887: 2862: 2855: 2837: 2830: 2807: 2800: 2778: 2753: 2747:978-1598845303 2746: 2728: 2703: 2678: 2652: 2627: 2605: 2598: 2580: 2555: 2541: 2527: 2476: 2446: 2432:7.62x54R Rifle 2417: 2373: 2350: 2322: 2309: 2287: 2241: 2222:(4): 597–617. 2202: 2189: 2157: 2144: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2081:Shooting sport 2078: 2076:Shooting range 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1991:Project Abakan 1983: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1929:Elephant rifle 1926: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1897: 1887: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1798:Selective-fire 1790: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1749: 1730: 1721: 1708: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1681: 1675: 1655:rifle, either 1645: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1575:Spring-piston 1566: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1555:Types of rifle 1553: 1516:8mm Mauser K98 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1458: 1457: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1431: 1410: 1407: 1405:sniper rifle. 1359: 1356: 1309:Main article: 1306: 1303: 1263: 1260: 1231:Main article: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1202: 1199: 1176:Main article: 1173: 1170: 1154:marksman rifle 1084:submachine gun 1032: 1029: 1004: 1001: 992: 989: 964:Main article: 961: 958: 945:Snider–Enfield 918:Main article: 915: 914:Breech loading 912: 870:U.S. Civil War 812: 809: 752: 751:Muzzle-loading 749: 707: 706: 697: 696: 688: 687: 686: 685: 684: 682: 679: 646:rifled muskets 625:, the British 453: 450: 371: 368: 320:sport shooting 308:vermin control 300:compressed air 292:nitrocellulose 202:stopping power 128: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5559: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5359:Most-produced 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 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4223: 4219: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4118:Muzzle shroud 4116: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4106:Stripper clip 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4096:High-capacity 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3823:Mauser rifles 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3748:Shotgun shell 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3501:Anti-materiel 3499: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3397: 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2827: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801:0-375-40052-4 2797: 2792: 2791: 2782: 2779: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2729: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2667: 2663: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2601: 2599:9781632209351 2595: 2591: 2584: 2581: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2206: 2203: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2147: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2061:Service rifle 2059: 2057: 2056:Rifled musket 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2046:Rifle grenade 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1964:Varmint rifle 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1934:Express rifle 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1924:Buffalo rifle 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919:Hunting rifle 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880:Assault rifle 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875:Service rifle 1873: 1871: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784:Self-loading 1783: 1778: 1777:Verney-Carron 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1719:Spencer rifle 1716: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581:Fixed barrel 1580: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535:battle rifles 1530: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393:in 2002. The 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1375:Barrett M82A1 1371: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1312: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:assault rifle 1139: 1135: 1133: 1122: 1118: 1115:with mounted 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1002: 1000: 998: 990: 988: 986: 982: 972: 967: 959: 957: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 931: 926: 921: 913: 911: 909: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 856: 855:rifle muskets 852: 848: 844: 836: 832: 829:British-made 827: 822: 818: 810: 808: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 786: 779: 774: 770: 768: 762: 758: 750: 748: 746: 742: 725: 722: 718: 714: 711: 701: 692: 680: 678: 676: 672: 667: 664: 659: 654: 651: 647: 643: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 604:Daniel Morgan 601: 597: 590: 587: 583: 578: 574: 570: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 547:line infantry 543: 540: 536: 534: 533:sharpshooters 530: 525: 523: 513: 502: 497: 495: 490: 487: 483: 475: 470: 463: 462:.35 Remington 460:Rifling in a 458: 451: 449: 447: 442: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 388: 381: 376: 369: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 334: 329: 327: 326: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 266: 262: 261:ranged weapon 258: 254: 251: 247: 244: 240: 239: 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 192: 191:long-barreled 188: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 139: 135: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: – 67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 5379:Arms control 5259:Gun violence 5226:Jungle style 5225: 5198:Gun cultures 5103:Intermediate 4780:Fire forming 4630:Rate of fire 4501:Stadiametric 4479:Transitional 4423:Self-loading 4378:Gas-operated 4338:Blow-forward 4270:Red dot 4180:Squeeze bore 4128:Pistol slide 4113:Muzzle brake 4081:Bottom metal 3628:Machine guns 3483: 3286:Line thrower 3266:muzzleloader 3262:Breechloader 3134: 3130: 3113: 3093:. Retrieved 3089: 3080: 3068:. Retrieved 3064:the original 3059: 3050: 3038:. Retrieved 3032: 3022: 3007: 2994: 2983: 2952:. Retrieved 2948: 2939: 2927:. Retrieved 2922: 2913: 2846: 2840: 2821: 2789: 2781: 2769:. Retrieved 2765: 2756: 2737: 2731: 2719:. Retrieved 2715: 2706: 2694:. Retrieved 2690: 2681: 2669:. Retrieved 2665: 2655: 2647: 2640:. Retrieved 2630: 2620:17 September 2618:. Retrieved 2608: 2592:. Skyhorse. 2589: 2583: 2571:. Retrieved 2567: 2558: 2544: 2530: 2522:the original 2493: 2489: 2479: 2467:. Retrieved 2463: 2437:. Retrieved 2431: 2430:Mosin-Nagant 2427: 2420: 2395: 2391: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2345:the original 2340: 2334: 2325: 2317: 2312: 2300:. Retrieved 2290: 2265: 2261: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2194:, retrieved 2172: 2149:, retrieved 2127: 1970: 1941:Match/target 1890:Battle rifle 1858:Sniper rifle 1747:Mosin-Nagant 1726:rifle, e.g. 1684:Double rifle 1678:Break-action 1578:Break barrel 1565:By mechanism 1539:5.56 mm 1531: 1520: 1502:.303 British 1499: 1495: 1472: 1459: 1450: 1442: 1433: 1412: 1372: 1361: 1344:Mauser rifle 1330:bolt actions 1314: 1311:Rate of fire 1305:Rate of fire 1295:cupro-nickel 1279:machine guns 1276: 1239: 1236: 1209:rifle, or a 1204: 1196: 1193: 1181: 1158:sniper rifle 1125: 1096: 1077: 1069: 1061:Mosin–Nagant 1042: 1013:lever-action 1006: 994: 977: 934: 920:Breechloader 905: 889:black powder 878: 859: 840: 837:(1868–1869). 798: 787: 783: 764: 757:Muzzleloader 738: 721:First Consul 681:19th century 668: 655: 639: 620: 593: 586:lever action 571: 551: 544: 537: 526: 498: 491: 479: 443: 439:naval rifles 428: 396:machine guns 389: 385: 351: 330: 323: 288:black powder 280:deflagration 269: 256: 250:early modern 245: 237: 236: 234: 186: 184: 159:vz. 52 rifle 138: 113: 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 5493:Legislation 5445:in the U.S. 5396:Disarmament 5391:Gun control 5088:Handloading 4875:Dummy round 4747:Cooking off 4742:Malfunction 4730:Field strip 4725:Maintenance 4615:Penetration 4578:Match grade 4496:Mathematics 4428:Single-shot 4368:Closed bolt 4282:Scope mount 4245:Holographic 4235:Finderscope 4123:Pistol grip 4101:Speedloader 3955:Telescoping 3935:Breechblock 3808:Gatling gun 3707:Pump action 3348:Single-shot 3271:Combination 3040:28 February 2496:(1): 3–14. 2469:11 February 2398:(1): 3–14. 1870:Scout rifle 1743:Lee–Enfield 1724:Pump-action 1653:Breechblock 1641:and mostly 1630:Single-shot 1529:cartridge. 1505:Lee–Enfield 1387:Afghanistan 1368:Minié rifle 1348:Lee–Enfield 1340:Paul Mauser 1262:Barrel wear 1247:Lee–Metford 1216:Ruger 10/22 1211:bolt-action 1207:.22 caliber 1201:Youth rifle 1086:and rifled 1080:machine gun 1072:long rifles 949:bolt-action 874:Crimean War 831:Minié rifle 821:Minié rifle 792:, a French 745:Baker rifle 739:During the 731: 1800 717:Jean Lepage 663:Lee–Enfield 635:War of 1812 582:Henry rifle 518: 1520 508: 1498 424:closed bolt 370:Terminology 318:and casual 241:, with the 200:and higher 5526:Categories 5297:Gun safety 5292:Gunfighter 5083:Centrefire 5065:Cartridges 5045:Snake shot 4985:Round shot 4975:Projectile 4960:Incendiary 4858:Ammunition 4817:Propellant 4785:Obturation 4757:Squib load 4685:ammunition 4523:Accurizing 4459:Ballistics 4373:Electronic 4292:Telescopic 4143:Recoil pad 4002:Firing pin 3977:Bump stock 3940:Breechface 3881:Components 3873:components 3726:Ammunition 3474:Wallet gun 3418:Pepper-box 3363:Spring-gun 3358:Smoothbore 3353:Sleeve gun 2954:12 January 2923:Reason.com 2642:23 October 2108:References 2006:Gun safety 1840:Long rifle 1765:Blaser R93 1753:Ross rifle 1739:Mauser G98 1584:Underlever 1523:Modello 91 1328:or linear 1129:7.92×33mm 1121:suppressor 937:Needle gun 835:Boshin war 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