42:
207:
86:
61:
652:(CF) sounds of 48 milliseconds duration, with pronounced second harmonics. The choice of frequency depends upon whether the bat is flying alone, in which case the calls have a frequency of 32.5 kHz, or in a group, when the bats choose one of three frequencies, 30, 32.5 and 35 kHz, so as to avoid jamming each other.
615:
Though the bats are active throughout the year, they survive the winter months, when insect availability is low, by remaining in a torpor. Lesser mouse-tailed bats hunt for insects at heights ranging from 5 to 10 meters off the ground, often being mistaken for birds due to their pattern of swooping
611:
Lesser mouse-tailed bats are well adapted to live in hot, dry climates. They have slits or valves just above their nostrils which they can open or close at will, helping to keep the dust out. The bats have physiological control over their kidneys to reduce water loss. During the hot months, these
619:
The bats roost in colonies both small, ranging in size from 4 to 10 individuals, to large, numbering in the thousands. Females tend to group, especially lactating mothers. They hang using both the thumbs and the feet and generally use a shelter for a single day only before moving on.
632:
i.e. they have one oestrus cycle per year. The mating season is generally in the months of
February to April. Gestation lasts from 95 to 100 days and only one offspring is produced in a brood, usually in June–July. The young bats take flight at the age of five to six weeks.
541:, wherever roosts and adequate food may be found. This includes dry scrub, rocky areas, caves, deserted monuments, abandoned buildings, wells and other underground features. They have been recorded in
315:
The head and body length of the bat ranges from 62 to 71 millimetres (2.4 to 2.8 in) while the tail is 57 to 70 millimetres (2.2 to 2.8 in) long. Other lengths are as follows:
293:, hence its name. It is covered with soft fur on the body, greyish to dark brown in colour, but not on its face, rear abdomen and rump. The lower parts are paler in colour.
1310:
1377:
659:(FM) sounds of 3 ms duration. After landing they produce a multi-harmonic pure tone of 100 ms duration, in which the main frequency predominates.
1232:
963:
1437:
1258:
892:
856:
628:
Male lesser mouse-tailed bats mature at sixteen to seventeen months of age. Female bats become sexually mature at nine months of age and are
1412:
1188:
1432:
603:
They accumulate fat in a fold of skin in the lower abdomen, which allows them to survive the winter when insect availability is low.
1407:
1284:
1417:
1422:
1302:
1263:
1093:
645:, primarily due to the reason that these bats produce signals with four or more harmonics with limited frequency variation.
1427:
956:
41:
1397:
1297:
561:
vegetation. In the hot summer months, these bats can be found resting in cracks, nooks and even amongst large rocks.
1315:
85:
1057:
1161:
1075:
1387:
1382:
1102:
949:
1402:
1123:
1084:
1392:
1349:
649:
180:
750:
710:
1219:
1170:
656:
642:
381:
278:
50:
780:
928:
807:
219:
80:
1354:
312:(flap of skin between the hindlimbs) is small and envelops less than a fourth part of the tail.
206:
1336:
1276:
1206:
888:
884:
877:
852:
655:
While landing or flying around in groups around the roost-site, lesser mouse-tailed bats emit
269:(1755–1835), an English soldier and naturalist who served many years in India. It is found in
1175:
1341:
920:
911:
Habersetzer, Joerg (1981). "Adaptive
Echolocation Sounds in the Bat: Rhinopoma hardwickei".
799:
705:
367:
363:
266:
196:
157:
147:
1323:
941:
597:
557:
301:
600:
by humans. Their diet is less diverse than other bats with beetles comprising up to 50%.
687:
1027:
973:
338:
254:
289:
The lesser mouse-tailed bat is a small bat with a long thin tail resembling that of a
1371:
1271:
696:
581:
330:
70:
65:
932:
17:
1211:
513:
406:
305:
270:
1289:
1245:
1155:
473:
309:
1146:
1037:
629:
589:
477:
442:
1048:
334:
297:
274:
97:
537:
The lesser mouse-tailed bat is typically found in arid or semi-arid desert
1328:
641:
Lesser mouse-tailed bats are considered to be a primitive bat in terms of
572:
to occur up to altitudes of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level.
1198:
1140:
1017:
1007:
999:
989:
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466:
458:
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422:
402:
397:
The lesser mouse-tailed bat is found in the following countries :
296:
The snout of the lesser mouse-tailed bat has a small triangular shaped
1250:
1183:
585:
501:
497:
493:
127:
107:
1117:
803:
341:. It has 28 teeth. The dentition is as follows: 1/2, 1/1, 1/2, 3/3.
300:. The large rhomboid-shaped ears have transverse ridges across the
883:(4 ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
542:
525:
481:
462:
450:
434:
430:
418:
385:, found in East Africa, was earlier considered as a subspecies of
290:
356: : From Iran eastward through India to Myanmar and Thailand.
593:
546:
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489:
485:
438:
410:
1224:
1121:
945:
875:
Walker, Ernest P.; Novak, Ronald M.; Paradiso, John L. (1983).
686:
Monadjem, A.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Benda, P. (2017).
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
137:
329:
The lesser mouse-tailed bat has a short skull, with a loose
849:
Grzimek's
Student Animal Life Encyclopedia, Mammals (Vol 2)
349:
The lesser mouse-tailed bat has the following subspecies:
333:
and inflated lacrimal region and which is broadest at the
304:
and are connected across the forehead with well developed
870:
868:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
774:
772:
319:
Forearm: 52.4 to 60 millimetres (2.06 to 2.36 in)
322:
Hindfoot: 12 to 15 millimetres (0.47 to 0.59 in)
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
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bats move into covered shelters to escape the heat.
1130:
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906:
904:
876:
711:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T82345477A21999269.en
325:Ear: 18 to 21 millimetres (0.71 to 0.83 in)
779:Qumsiyeh, Mazin B.; Jones Jr., J. Knox (1986).
751:"Rhinopoma hardwickii: lesser mouse-tailed bat"
957:
648:The bats make a variety of sounds, primarily
8:
851:. New York: Thomson Gale. pp. 301–303.
273:, some parts of central and eastern Africa,
757:. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology
1118:
964:
950:
942:
205:
59:
40:
31:
709:
376: : Parts of West Africa and Arabia.
362: : Across Northern Africa from the
667:
879:Walker's Mammals of the World (Vol 1)
7:
1378:IUCN Red List least concern species
697:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
259:Hardwicke's lesser mouse-tailed bat
25:
913:Journal of Comparative Physiology
564:These bats have been recorded in
84:
596:, many of which are considered
1438:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
755:animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
267:Major General Thomas Hardwicke
214:Lesser mouse-tailed bat range
1:
1094:Macinnes's mouse-tailed bat (
580:Lesser mouse-tailed bats are
1058:Egyptian mouse-tailed bat (
1454:
1413:Mammals of the Middle East
1076:Greater mouse-tailed bat (
847:Grzimek, Bernhard (2005).
1433:Mammals described in 1831
1103:Yemeni mouse-tailed bat (
1067:Lesser mouse-tailed bat (
980:
972:Extant species of family
225:
218:
213:
204:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1085:Small mouse-tailed bat (
704:: e.T82345477A21999269.
35:Lesser mouse-tailed bat
1408:Mammals of North Africa
584:, feeding primarily on
241:lesser mouse-tailed bat
1418:Mammals of Afghanistan
749:Whiting, Tara (2012).
257:. Also referred to as
228:Rhinopoma hadithaensis
1423:Mammals of Bangladesh
1350:Paleobiology Database
787:Rhinopoma muscatellum
389:by some authorities.
1189:rhinopoma-hardwickii
1176:Rhinopoma_hardwickii
1162:Rhinopoma hardwickii
1132:Rhinopoma hardwickii
783:Rhinopoma hardwickii
690:Rhinopoma hardwickii
265:, it is named after
246:Rhinopoma hardwickii
190:Rhinopoma hardwickii
18:Rhinopoma hardwickei
1428:Mammals of Pakistan
657:frequency modulated
279:Indian subcontinent
51:Conservation status
1398:Bats of South Asia
925:10.1007/bf01326841
650:constant frequency
249:) is a species of
172:R. hardwickii
1365:
1364:
1337:Open Tree of Life
1124:Taxon identifiers
1115:
1114:
894:978-0-8018-2525-5
858:978-0-7876-9185-1
796:Mammalian Species
237:
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16:(Redirected from
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1192:
1191:
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1149:
1119:
1105:R. hadramauticum
966:
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364:Hoggar Mountains
354:R. h. hardwickii
277:and east to the
230:
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21:
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1078:R. microphyllum
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558:Nerium oleander
535:
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370:to Upper Egypt.
347:
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263:long-tailed bat
200:
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23:
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1388:Bats of Africa
1385:
1383:Rhinopomatidae
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1087:R. muscatellum
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1028:Laurasiatheria
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974:Rhinopomatidae
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919:(4): 559–566.
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401:Africa :
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339:zygomatic arch
337:region of the
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255:Rhinopomatidae
253:in the family
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231:Khajuria, 1988
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27:Species of bat
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3:
2:
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1403:Bats of India
1401:
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1069:R. hardwickei
1065:
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616:and gliding.
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387:R. hardwickii
384:
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375:
374:R. h. arabium
372:
369:
368:Aïr Mountains
365:
361:
360:R. h. cystops
358:
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331:tympanic bone
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181:Binomial name
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72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1393:Bats of Asia
1131:
1104:
1096:R. macinnesi
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1047:
916:
912:
878:
848:
815:. Retrieved
798:(263): 1–5.
795:
786:
782:
759:. Retrieved
754:
715:. Retrieved
701:
695:
689:
654:
647:
643:echolocation
640:
637:Echolocation
627:
624:Reproduction
618:
614:
610:
602:
590:neuropterans
579:
563:
556:
550:
536:
514:Saudi Arabia
472:Asia :
407:Burkina Faso
396:
393:Distribution
386:
382:R. macinnesi
380:
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328:
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271:North Africa
262:
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189:
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171:
170:
158:
29:
1246:iNaturalist
1156:Wikispecies
717:16 November
474:Afghanistan
310:uropatagium
285:Description
1372:Categories
1060:R. cystops
1038:Chiroptera
1022:Superorder
1012:Infraclass
663:References
630:monestrous
524:island of
478:Bangladesh
443:Mauritania
345:Subspecies
138:Chiroptera
1049:Rhinopoma
607:Behaviour
335:squamosal
298:nose leaf
275:West Asia
166:Species:
159:Rhinopoma
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1303:13800897
1277:82345477
1196:BioLib:
1147:Q1830962
1141:Wikidata
1018:Eutheria
1008:Mammalia
1000:Chordata
990:Animalia
933:29872497
518:Thailand
510:Pakistan
427:Ethiopia
415:Djibouti
251:microbat
220:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1290:1004772
1238:5707278
984:Kingdom
885:208–209
812:3503821
586:beetles
570:Morocco
566:Algeria
552:Tamarix
539:habitat
533:Habitat
522:Socotra
467:Tunisia
459:Somalia
455:Nigeria
447:Morocco
423:Eritrea
403:Algeria
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1355:425150
1342:267981
1329:201204
1316:124756
1264:946031
1251:245993
1225:327542
1184:ARKive
994:Phylum
931:
891:
855:
810:
761:15 May
520:, and
502:Kuwait
498:Jordan
494:Israel
308:. The
199:, 1831
1212:4S9NP
1199:34049
1032:Order
1004:Class
929:S2CID
817:1 May
808:JSTOR
792:(PDF)
598:pests
594:moths
543:oases
526:Yemen
482:India
463:Sudan
451:Niger
435:Libya
431:Kenya
419:Egypt
306:tragi
302:pinna
291:mouse
1311:NCBI
1272:IUCN
1259:ITIS
1233:GBIF
889:ISBN
853:ISBN
819:2013
785:and
763:2013
719:2021
702:2017
592:and
576:Diet
568:and
547:wadi
545:and
506:Oman
504:,
490:Iraq
486:Iran
465:and
439:Mali
411:Chad
366:and
261:and
239:The
197:Gray
1298:MSW
1285:MDD
1220:EoL
1207:CoL
1171:ADW
921:doi
917:144
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