154:
46:
33:
483:. The compound cytokin oxidase (orf4) can also create adenine with a reactive nitrogen in position 6, which can react with other lateral chains, to form cytokininn-like compounds, more efficient in inducing plant tissue growth.
471:
and a pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit. It was supposed that the first three genes supply energy for the synthesis and degradation of cytokinin, performed by the last three genes of the operon:
1281:
739:
synthesis in infected plants. Abscisic acid represses growth, so a block of production is needed to allow proliferation of cells in leafy galls. Gibberellic acid controls
1403:
459:
synthesis and degradation (orf 4,5,6), in particular for an isopentenyl transferase, a cytokinin oxidase and a glutation-s transferase. The orf1,2,3 transcribe for a
1383:
1255:
1307:
1041:"The phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians breaks apical dominance and activate auxiliary meristems by inducing plant genes involved in hormones metabolism"
1242:
989:"The att locus of Rhodococcus fascians strain D188 is essential for full virulence on tobacco through the production of an autoregulatory compound"
1268:
1345:
1398:
1082:"Biosynthesis of Auxin by the Gram-Positive Phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians Is Controlled by Compounds Specific to Infected Plant Tissues"
771:
309:
of bacterium and on the production of compounds that can interfere with normal plant growth and development. During the infection,
720:
itself, using a pathway starting from tryptophan and passing through production of 3-indol-piruvic acid and 3-indol-acetaldeid.
258:
can be a pathogen of plants, both angiosperm or gymnosperm. Infected plants show typical symptoms, such as leaf deformation,
1273:
1393:
1294:
763:
153:
767:
236:
498:, a gene including domains for transmembrane localization (perhaps needed for exportation of compounds made by other
45:
321:
was also observed in intercellular spaces inside tissues (in leaf or galls) and even inside cell walls. Presence of
795:
785:
781:
400:
455:. Also, fasR can be induced by gall extract created by virulent strain. The operon codifies for genes involved in
1388:
1312:
791:
626:, both for metabolic reasons and to avoid glyoxylate accumulation, which is toxic for the bacteria. Mutations in
295:
290:
1378:
775:
759:
740:
301:
247:. When grown on the surface of an agar plate, colonies are orange in color and appear both smooth or rough.
325:
on the infected plant is necessary, not only for the initiation of infection, but also for its maintenance.
1158:
464:
692:
infection can be attributed to hormone hyperdosage. In particular, most of the effects are connected to
618:, the fourth gene in the operon, whose product is a Mas homologue, a protein needed for the switch from
130:
1322:
1216:
1093:
717:
656:
1039:
Simon-Mateo C, Depuydt S, De
Oliveira Manes CL, Cnudde F, Holsters M, Goethals K, Vereeke D (2006).
1139:
931:"Leafy Gall Formation Is Controlled by fasR, an AraC-Type Regulatory Gene in Rhodococcus fascians"
1018:
40:
1260:
650:
leads to hyperexpression of a cytochrome P450, homologue to a gene involved in inactivation of
1330:
1203:
1119:
1062:
1010:
960:
902:
838:
619:
468:
1355:
817:
Goethals K, Vereecke D, Jaziri M, Van
Montagu M, Holsters M (2001). "Leafy gall formation by
614:
is an operon made of five genes, located on the bacterial chromosome. The only known gene is
529:
transcription, but with a higher intensity, suggesting, with the attenuation of virulence in
1335:
1109:
1101:
1052:
1000:
950:
942:
892:
884:
876:
830:
736:
661:
623:
522:
353:
232:
207:
929:
Temmerman W, Vereecke D, Dreesen R, Van
Montagu M, Holsters M, Goethals K (October 2000).
452:
285:
which would not develop under normal conditions. All effects coming from the infection of
172:
87:
1097:
1114:
1081:
668:
dehydrogenase, which has its transcription induced by cytokinin and turns proline into
542:
203:
185:
67:
897:
864:
1372:
1057:
1040:
1005:
988:
955:
946:
930:
732:
669:
651:
589:
259:
179:
77:
1286:
1105:
1022:
880:
700:, bud proliferation, delay of senescence, and inhibition of lateral roots. In fact,
32:
1208:
240:
97:
834:
716:
operon, it can stimulate infected plants to produce cytokinin, and it can produce
603:
is involved in post transcriptional control of virulence-related genes, maybe on
1299:
592:
synthesis, but no traces of those compounds were found in culture supernatants.
198:
107:
673:
460:
345:
314:
313:
usually stays outside vegetal tissues, near a junction or cavity of a plant's
274:
1181:
599:
codifies for an RNA-helicase; mutants for this gene are hypervirulent. Also,
1229:
456:
444:
420:
392:
349:
333:
216:
182:
1123:
1066:
1014:
964:
906:
842:
696:
and cytokinin, such as: formation of green islands on leaves, wrinkling of
888:
680:, carbon and nitrogen metabolism control and for abscisic acid synthesis.
1175:
744:
440:
432:
428:
424:
267:
57:
525:
motif. Its transcription is regulated by the same factors that regulate
1247:
1195:
1190:
665:
643:
480:
436:
416:
412:
341:
211:
865:"Chromosomal Locus That Affects Pathogenicity of Rhodococcus fascians"
568:
may be involved in synthesis of compounds needed for transcription of
545:
mechanism: indeed, density of cultures can influence transcription of
677:
476:
408:
380:
244:
1152:
1234:
724:
can also degrade cytokinin to influence the cytokinin/auxin ratio.
863:
Vereecke D, Cornelis K, Temmerman W, et al. (February 2002).
693:
306:
152:
704:
can produce itself cytokinin, or cytokinin-like compounds: using
697:
278:
263:
189:
1221:
1156:
664:
oxidase, which inactivates this hormone and its precursors, a
282:
281:
and widening of veins. Leafy gall is a gall originated from a
987:
Maes T, Vereecke D, Ritsema T, et al. (October 2001).
448:
344:(strains lacking that plasmid are not virulent) and on the
277:
and growth of vascular system, resulting in wrinkling of
395:, for fas a main role in virulence was proposed . Gene
220:) plants, it is an agriculturally significant pathogen.
1080:
Vandeputte O, Oden S, Mol A, et al. (March 2005).
553:
mutant strains are less effective on transcription of
317:, maybe to avoid environmental stresses. Presence of
731:
acts on other hormones: in particular, it can block
549:, and leafy gall extracts coming from galls made by
1165:
383:made of six genes (orf 1-6) and a regulatory gene,
758:causes diseases in several host plants including
537:may regulate fas transcription. Transcription of
196:is the only phytopathogenic member of the genus
1034:
1032:
8:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
743:, so its block is needed for maintenance of
638:Induction of transcription in infected plant
266:, which development depends on the plant's
1153:
812:
810:
305:), but on expression of virulence-related
31:
20:
1113:
1056:
1004:
954:
896:
858:
856:
854:
852:
273:Leaf deformation consists of widening of
270:, plant's age, and the bacterial strain.
521:is a transcriptional factor including a
1404:Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
1148:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
806:
1384:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
684:Role of phytohormones during infection
630:reduce virulence due to incapacity of
514:mutants show an attenuated virulence.
490:is an operon composed of nine genes:
463:450, a ferridoxine containing also a
210:hosts. Because it commonly afflicts
7:
1323:aa017315-afdf-4118-b227-8dd96d4536bf
352:, it was possible to identify three
243:that is nonmotile and does not form
747:cells and for their proliferation.
634:to resist glyoxylate accumulation.
403:. Its transcription can be induced
368:, and one locus on the chromosome,
14:
475:can actually produce and degrade
1058:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00322.x
1006:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02615.x
947:10.1128/JB.182.20.5832-5840.2000
447:), and is influenced by culture
44:
1106:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1169-1177.2005
881:10.1128/jb.184.4.1112-1120.2002
494:, a transcriptional regulator,
407:in cultures containing certain
202:; its host range includes both
289:do not depend on plant cells'
146:(Tilford 1936) Goodfellow 1984
1:
1399:Bacterial strawberry diseases
835:10.1146/annurev.phyto.39.1.27
727:Beside cytokinin and auxin,
387:. Because deletions of some
340:is controlled by genes on a
672:, and a factor involved in
541:operon is regulated with a
1420:
502:genes), and several genes
391:genes give a non-virulent
1045:Molecular Plant Pathology
770:) and ornamental plants (
401:transcriptional regulator
296:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
224:Physiology and morphology
136:
129:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1086:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
741:cellular differentiation
302:Agrobacterium rhizogenes
465:pyruvate dehydrogenase
161:
676:cofactor, needed for
156:
1394:Small fruit diseases
1346:rhodococcus-fascians
1287:rhodococcus-fascians
1167:Rhodococcus fascians
1142:Rhodococcus fascians
823:Annu Rev Phytopathol
819:Rhodococcus fascians
718:indole-3-acetic acid
657:Arabidopsis thaliana
166:Rhodococcus fascians
158:Rhodococcus fascians
140:Rhodococcus fascians
25:Rhodococcus fascians
16:Species of bacterium
1098:2005ApEnM..71.1169V
688:All the effects of
510:. Many point and Δ
190:leafy gall disease
162:
1366:
1365:
1331:Open Tree of Life
1159:Taxon identifiers
772:butterfly flowers
620:citric acid cycle
443:sources (such as
411:sources (such as
348:. Using deletion
239:bacterium of the
178:until 1984) is a
151:
150:
1411:
1389:Tobacco diseases
1359:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1339:
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1300:NHMSYS0020785504
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969:
968:
958:
926:
911:
910:
900:
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847:
846:
814:
762:, small fruits (
737:gibberellic acid
662:gibberellic acid
624:glyoxylate cycle
588:are involved in
523:helix-turn-helix
479:and isopentenil
399:is an araC-like
356:on the plasmid:
208:monocotyledonous
142:
122:R. fascians
49:
48:
35:
21:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1410:
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1379:Mycobacteriales
1369:
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1140:Type strain of
1136:
1131:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1038:
1037:
1030:
986:
985:
972:
941:(20): 5832–40.
928:
927:
914:
862:
861:
850:
816:
815:
808:
804:
753:
686:
646:, infection of
640:
453:optical density
331:
329:Virulence genes
293:(as they do in
253:
226:
173:Corynebacterium
147:
144:
138:
125:
88:Mycobacteriales
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1134:External links
1132:
1130:
1129:
1092:(3): 1169–77.
1072:
1028:
993:Mol. Microbiol
970:
912:
889:1854/LU-322105
875:(4): 1112–20.
848:
805:
803:
800:
752:
751:Plant diseases
749:
685:
682:
639:
636:
543:quorum-sensing
533:mutants, that
330:
327:
291:transformation
252:
249:
225:
222:
204:dicotyledonous
149:
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113:
112:
105:
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100:
95:
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85:
81:
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68:Actinomycetota
65:
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55:
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50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
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1051:(2): 103–12.
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733:abscisic acid
730:
725:
723:
719:
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711:
707:
703:
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695:
691:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
670:glutamic acid
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652:abscisic acid
649:
645:
637:
635:
633:
629:
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621:
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613:
608:
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591:
590:betalactamase
587:
583:
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260:witches broom
257:
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241:actinomycetes
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218:
213:
209:
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201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
186:phytopathogen
184:
181:
180:Gram positive
177:
176:
174:
168:
167:
160:on agar plate
159:
155:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:Binomial name
128:
124:
123:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
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99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
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79:
78:Actinomycetia
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69:
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63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1166:
1145:
1141:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1048:
1044:
999:(1): 13–28.
996:
992:
938:
935:J. Bacteriol
934:
872:
869:J. Bacteriol
868:
826:
822:
818:
786:
776:
768:strawberries
755:
754:
745:meristematic
728:
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721:
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310:
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255:
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237:pleiomorphic
228:
227:
215:
197:
193:
188:that causes
171:
170:
165:
164:
163:
157:
139:
137:
121:
120:
108:
98:Nocardiaceae
24:
18:
764:caneberries
756:R. fascians
729:R. fascians
702:R. fascians
690:R. fascians
648:R. fascians
632:R. fascians
576:. In fact,
473:R. fascians
338:R. fascians
323:R. fascians
319:R. fascians
311:R. fascians
287:R. fascians
256:R. fascians
229:R. fascians
199:Rhodococcus
194:R. fascians
109:Rhodococcus
1373:Categories
802:References
796:carnations
782:kalanchoes
722:R.fascians
674:molybdenum
607:products.
467:alfa-like
461:cytochrome
346:chromosome
315:cell walls
275:parenchyma
169:(known as
829:: 27–52.
792:geraniums
787:Impatiens
457:cytokinin
445:histidine
421:arabinose
393:phenotype
350:mutations
334:Virulence
262:and leaf
251:Virulence
217:Nicotiana
183:bacterial
116:Species:
1261:10008274
1176:Wikidata
1124:15746315
1067:20507431
1023:11681436
1015:11679063
965:11004184
907:11807072
843:11701858
441:nitrogen
433:mannitol
429:pyruvate
425:glycerol
405:in vitro
268:cultivar
175:fascians
94:Family:
64:Phylum:
58:Bacteria
54:Domain:
1356:2113761
1248:5427798
1191:BacDive
1182:Q309787
1115:1065166
1094:Bibcode
777:Primula
760:tobacco
712:in the
698:laminae
666:proline
660:, of a
644:tobacco
610:Operon
481:adenine
437:mannose
417:sucrose
413:glucose
342:plasmid
279:laminae
233:aerobic
212:tobacco
104:Genus:
84:Order:
74:Class:
1353:uBio:
1336:497350
1320:NZOR:
1274:965565
1235:CORBFA
1222:971608
1144:at Bac
1122:
1112:
1065:
1021:
1013:
963:
953:
905:
898:134788
895:
841:
678:sulfur
584:&
560:Genes
477:zeatin
469:domain
409:carbon
381:operon
379:is an
364:, and
245:spores
231:is an
1343:PPE:
1256:IRMNG
1209:4SF2C
1196:10883
1019:S2CID
956:94707
694:auxin
517:Gene
439:) or
307:genes
1313:1828
1308:NCBI
1282:LPSN
1269:ITIS
1243:GBIF
1230:EPPO
1146:Dive
1120:PMID
1063:PMID
1011:PMID
961:PMID
903:PMID
839:PMID
735:and
710:orf5
708:and
706:orf4
628:vicA
616:vicA
595:The
586:attH
582:attD
578:attA
574:attX
572:and
570:attR
566:attH
562:attA
555:attR
547:attR
527:fasR
519:attR
508:attH
504:attA
496:attX
492:attR
486:The
451:and
397:fasR
385:fasR
375:The
354:loci
264:gall
206:and
1295:NBN
1217:EoL
1204:CoL
1110:PMC
1102:doi
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