Riddles in Hinduism

2037: 2320:. When Sita became pregnant, Rama abandoned her because of public rumors that she was carrying Ravana's child, although he was personally convinced of Sita's chastity. According to Ambedkar, Hindus cite this incident to portray Rama as a democratic king, arguing that he cared about the public opinion; however, it only proves that he was a cowardly and weak monarch who cared more about his name and fame rather than doing the right thing as a king and a husband. Rama then tricked Sita into visiting the hermitage of Valmiki, and had 2021:, but the surviving manuscript is missing the actual quotes. Ambedkar states that a democratic government can succeed only in a democratic society: if a society is divided into groups such as castes, and the citizens promote interests of their own group over the interests of the society, the democratic government will fail. According to Ambedkar, a democratic society is not possible without 1884:). The Kali-varjya dogma forbids these practices but does not condemn them or provide any reason for forbidding them. Ambedkar states that these practices are not immoral, sinful or otherwise harmful to the society, as evident from the fact that they are allowed in the other yugas. He asks why did the Brahmins came up with "this technique of forbidding a practice without condemning it." 1110:, the goddesses do not participate in these conflicts. Ambedkar then cites various Puranic stories to assert that the Puranic goddesses were worshipped in their own right, for performing heroic deeds such as killing asuras. Ambedkar asks why the Puranic goddesses were assigned more powerful roles compared to the Vedic goddesses. He also asks why certain Puranic goddesses such as 1306:(the philosophy of the Upanishads) as India's most important contribution to the world's philosophical thought. However, originally, the Vedanta was considered "repugnant and hostile to the Vedas", and the Upanishads were not considered a part of the Vedic literature. He provides several quotes, including from the Upanishads, in his support. Ambedkar then quotes 1484:, and Sakinis. He then describes Kali as the most terrible manifestation of the Shakti. The next two pages are missing, after which Ambedkar states that the Tantrik worship considers "the fullest satisfaction of the carnal desires of man" as the best form of worship, and is very different from Shrauta or Pauranik worship. He then discusses the immorality of the 903:) from the Upanishads. While Jaimini denounces Badarayana's beliefs as false and delusional, Badarayana concedes that Jaimini's beliefs have scriptural authority while insisting that his beliefs also have scriptural authority. Ambedkar criticizes Badarayana for his weak response, and asks why did he not question the infallibility of the Vedas. 2615:. He stated that Ambedkar had cited "unimpeachable" sources to criticize Rama and Krishna, and Ambedkar's criticism was "mild" compared to what some others have said about Rama and Krishna. At the same time, Raju argued that the government should not have published the book, as the duty of the government is to govern not to publish books. 1103:. Ambedkar states that the Hindus have worshipped goddesses since the beginning, listing several goddesses from the Rigveda. He then lists various goddesses from the Puranas, and quotes several Hindu texts to point out that these are variously considered to be either distinct goddesses, or different names or forms of the same divinity. 1744:) in order to continue his studies. Manu removed this option, and dictated that a Brahmachari must pass through the subsequent stages to enter the Sannyasa stage. According to Manu, a man who seeks the final liberation without having children "sinks downwards". Ambedkar questions why Manu "made escape from marriage impossible". 1388:

as the most chaste woman instead. Feeling humiliated, the three women convince their husbands to try seducing Anusuya, in order to prove Narada wrong. The husbands fail to do so, and instead their bodies fuse together resulting in the formation of Dattatreya. Ambedkar states that this "immoral" story

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Ambedkar's writings remained unpublished for several years. J.B. Bansod, a Dalit advocate, filed a lawsuit against the Government of Maharashtra, requesting access to Ambedkar's papers in order to publish them. In 1976, the Government established the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication

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This appendix consolidates the matter or Riddles 16–17. Ambedkar discusses the varna system and the ashrama systems, collectively called the Varnashram Dharma. Ambedkar asks why Manu prohibits a Brahmachari from entering the Sannyasa ashrama without going through the life of a householder. He states

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Ambedkar notes that Manu does not list all the possible combinations of mixed-caste parentage, and wonders if he was afraid of mentioning certain combinations for some reason. He also states that some of the mixed-caste names in the list appear to be fictitious. Plus, Manu and other authors disagree

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Ambedkar questions the belief that the Vedas and the Upanishads are complementary texts from a single system of thought. He quotes various sources to show that the Upanishads were originally not considered a part of the Vedic literature. He then quotes various Upanishads to show that they were often

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continued to live at 26 Alipur Road. Several papers containing Ambedkar's writings remained in a storeroom, and Rattu would dust and fumigate them occasionally. In 1966, a man named Madan Lal Jain purchased the bungalow, and rented two rooms to Savita Ambedkar. However, on 17 January 1967, he served

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is said by Manu to be the progeny of illegitimate intercourse between a Shudra male and a Brahman female. Can this be true? It means that Brahmin women must have been very lax in their morality and must have had special sexual attraction for the Shudra. This is unbelievable. So vast is the Chandala

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made several controversial speeches, seeking votes in name of religion. In one such speech, he complained, "Though this country belongs to Hindus, Ram and Krishna are insulted." Prabhoo won the election, and Thackeray described the result as the victory of Rama and Krishna and as a licence for the

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Next, Ambedkar discusses Rama as a king. Ambedkar states that Valmiki's detailed descriptions of Rama's daily life do not suggest that he was involved in administration or attended to public affairs. Instead, Rama spent time on religious rites, enjoying company of court jesters and women, drinking

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Ambedkar states that Manu made a few changes to the prevalent social norms while establishing rules about various types of marriages and sons. For example, Manu excludes certain types of sons (such as those born out of Shudra women) from inheritance. Ambedkar also states that before Manu, only the

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between the first week of January 1954 and the end of November 1955. Ambedkar asked Rattu to make four "press copies" of the manuscript, concerned that Hindu-owned presses would destroy the copies. Rattu states that the book was complete but its publication was delayed because Ambedkar was waiting

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abandon her there. Sita gave birth to his two sons there, but he never visited them. After 12 years, he invited many sages to a yajna, but did not invite Valmiki. Nevertheless, Valmiki arrived there, and introduced him to his two sons. Later, Sita also visited him, but preferred to die by burying

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These explanations are like effusions of the imbeciles. They show how hard the Brahmins were put to for the defence of the varna system. The question is why were the Brahmins not able to give a consistent and uniform unimpeachable, convincing and rational explanation of the varna system of which

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He notes that these texts offer different explanations for the origin of the varnas; in fact, some of these texts offer multiple, contradictory explanations. Ambedkar asks why the Brahmins could not give a uniform and consistent explanation about the origin of the varnas. Moreover, the different

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If the Hindu intellect has ceased to grow and if the Hindu civilization and culture has become a stagnant and stinking pool, this dogma must be destroyed root and branch if India is to progress. The Vedas are a worthless set of books. There is no reason either to call them sacred or infallible.

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Ambedkar wrote the book during 1954–1955, but delayed its publication because he could not find a photograph that he wanted to include in the book. Ultimately, he could not publish the book because of lack of funds. After his death in 1956, the manuscript of the book remained at his residence in

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system rules against mixed-caste marriages must have failed, and Manu had to invent explanations for the existence of a large number of castes that did not fit in any of the four varnas. Ambedkar states that if Manu is right in ascribing the origin of the populous Chandala caste to illegitimate

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Ambedkar then cites various mythological stories to assert at the Brahmin devotees of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva engaged in a "systematic campaign of vilification and degradation" against each other, resulting in the decline of the Brahma's cult. He asks if the Brahmins engaged in such sectarian

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derive from gambling-related terms, and their meaning changed over time. Ambedkar asks why did the Brahmins invented the theory of Kali Yuga, and described it as the age of degradation. He states that according to Brahmins, only the Brahmin and the Shudra varnas exist in the Kali Yuga. He also

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and other texts to assert that before Manu, Indian women married after reaching puberty; monogamy was generally considered ideal; women could seek divorce; the widows could remarry; and women were economically independent. Ambedkar questions why Manu made laws restricting such rights of women.

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provide a list of sages who composed the various Vedic hymns. He also quotes some hymns from the Rig Veda, in which various sages describe themselves as composers of the hymns. He quotes ancient philosophers who considered the Vedas as authoritative because they were a product of competent and

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sexual intercourse between Shudra males and Brahman females, such forbidden relationships must have been very common. Ambedkar wonders if Manu realized that he was assigning "an ignoble origin to a vast number of the people of this country leading to their social and moral degradation."

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in his introduction to the book. Ambedkar's original plan for the book included 24 "riddles", which changed often in blueprints. The manuscript file includes a table of contents, which does not match with the actual contents of the file. For example, the file has a chapter titled

1341:(later identified with Shiva) is described as the king of thieves and robbers, and asks why the Brahmins accepted him as their supreme god. He then states that Rudra was a violent god, but the Brahmins made his adaptation Shiva a non-violent god. Next, Ambedkar quotes Indologist 2100:, Ambedkar argues that the Kali Yuga lasted for 1000 years and ended in the 2nd century CE. He states that Brahmins later claimed that Kali Yuga has not ended, and invented various explanations to support their claim; for example, they say that it is supposed to last for 1000 1680:

texts disagree about the equality of the varnas. Ambedkar states that the Brahmins concocted the theory of the varnas and inserted it into the Rigveda, contrary to established traditions, resulting in this "chaos". He questions the motive of the Brahmins who did this.

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and Sita. He describes Rama's killing of Vali as a cowardly act and an unprovoked, premeditated murder. Ambedkar notes that after killing his wife's captor Ravana, Rama did not immediately visit her, instead spending time on other tasks such as the coronation of

793:. He states that even the Rig Veda contains black magic and sorcery, presenting quotes in his support. He concludes that the Vedas contain nothing "spiritually or morally elevating", and questions why the Brahmins present them as sacred and infallible texts. 1830:

region, not people of mixed Vaishya-Kshatriya origin. Ambedkar accuses Manu and later authors of perverting history and defaming respectable tribes as bastards. He questions the reason behind this "madness", stating that the Brahmins' attempts to impose the

1460:) as an extension of the Pauranik Dharma, but centered around goddesses. He states that originally different goddesses, including consorts of the male gods, were worshipped; later, these were all consolidated and described as the different manifestations of 1403:

The Hindu religion is nothing but worshipping so many Gods and Goddesses, worshipping so many trees, visiting so many places of pilgrimage and making offerings to the Brahmins. Was the religion formulating for enabling the Brahmins to earn their living?

1032:, suggests that many ancient gods were abandoned and replaced by other gods in the later period. According to Ambedkar, the literature of the Brahmins does not explain why new gods such as Shiva and Vishnu replaced the older gods such as Agni and Indra. 2524:. The Government deployed policemen to prevent defacement of Ambedkar's statues across the city. As a compromise, the Government resumed the publication with a disclaimer that that it did not concur with the views expressed in the chapter. 2064:. He states that Brahmaism had greater potential than the idea of fraternity to produce a social democracy, but Brahmins did not allow that to happen because they did not support equality between the various social classes and the genders. 1059:

is not mentioned in the Vedas, and wonders what was the necessity to start his cult at a later stage. He then states that even the relatively newer gods - Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva - were later ranked lower than a goddess, as attested by

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s characterization of Rama as a virtuous and illustrious man, stating that he is not worthy of deification. He calls Rama's modern characterization as a monogamous man incorrect, stating that Valmiki refers to many wives of Rama in the

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Ambedkar states that before Manu, Indian women were considered equal to men in status, were highly respected, and had access to the highest learning and education. In his support, he cites the writings of various scholars including

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aiming to prove the supremacy of their favorite god. According to Ambedkar while the existence of polytheism in the Hindu society is understandable, the existence of combats and feuds among the various gods requires explanation.

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The surviving manuscript contains over 170,000 words. It features several incomplete notes from Ambedkar and chapters with missing text. It comprises 24 "riddles" and 8 appendices, categorized as religious, social, or political.

2312:, stating that Ravana would not have failed to have sex with her. A dejected Sita declared that she would have committed suicide before meeting him if she was aware of such thoughts of Rama. After Sita proved her chastity by a 1441:, whom the Puranas assign the role of punishing the wicked after the death. He asserts that the Shrauta Dharma does not assign such powers to Yama. According to Ambedkar, in the Pauranik Dharma (the religion of the Puranas), a 1127:

to state that the Brahmins made their gods look imbecile cowards, whose wives had to rescue them against the asuras. Ambedkar asks if the Brahmins started the worship of the goddesses to put "a new commodity on the market".

1856:, and described as lawful for a Vaishya and a Shudra. He also states that the existence of these categories shows that the Brahmin attempts to restrict the society to only certain types of permissible marriages had failed. 717:'s "absurd" explanations for the claim that the "Vedas are eternal and not made by man, not even by God." He questions why did the Brahmins like Jaimini make such "desperate" attempts to establish "a desperate conclusion". 342:

and musclemen. These men dumped all of Ambedkar's papers in a yard, and several of these papers were destroyed in rain that night. Subsequently, Ambedkar's surviving papers came into the possession of the custodians of the

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to state that the Hindus used to sacrifice bull to appease Shiva. He states that the Shaivites later became non-violent, but started characterizing Shiva's wife Kali as violent. He asks why the Brahmins did such a thing.

367:) series. The published text was based on manuscripts of the book's chapters found bundled in a file, with Ambedkar's handwritten alterations. The final manuscript, if any, has not survived. Ambedkar mentions the title 1860:

varna of the father determined the child's varna. Moreover, the male head of the family - not the biological father - owned the illegitimate children of his wife. Ambedkar wonders why Manu changed the traditional law.

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appeals to the rational side of the Hindu mind. Ambedkar recognizes that the Hindus are capable of rational thinking, and ends each chapter with questions ("riddles") that provoke the reader to think for themselves.

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Ambedkar states that all these instances of immorality had taken place before the start of the Kali Yuga, which looks better from a moral perspective. Ambedkar asks if the Brahmins extended Kali Yuga to blackmail

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and the women (2) the Brahmacharya and Grihastha stages are compulsory (3) one must follow the four stages in sequence. Ambedkar questions the need for this system, pointing out that the Vedas do not mention it.

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that pleases the god etc. However, these questions have now been "taken over by theology, metaphysics, philosophy and ethics". In particular, Hinduism has been reduced to a means for the Brahmins earn a living.

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and this Brahma is real and that it pervades all and at the same time upheld all the inequities of the Brahmanic society. Only a lunatic could be happy with being the propounder of two such contradictions."

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Hindus who eat beef do not kill a cow, and only eat the flesh of a dead cow. He cites various texts to assert that the ancient Vedic Aryans - even Brahmins - ate meat of all kinds of animals including cow.

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This appendix overlaps with and supplements the Riddle No. 17 and Appendix I. Ambedkar criticizes Manu for making marriage compulsory for a Brahmachari, and questions the need for the Vanaprastha ashrama.

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This appendix is divided into three parts, but several of its pages are missing. The surviving manuscript has pages from Part II - Smarth Dharma and Part III - Tantrik Dharma. Part I was presumably about

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as "illicit intimacy" with young women, dismissing its interpretation as pious love to god. Ambedkar calls Krishna's relationship with Radha as his most indecent act, stating that Krishna was married to

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ceremony. According to him, instead of idolatry and polytheism, Hindus should be criticized for not being loyal to their gods: they regularly abandon their old gods and start worshipping the new ones.

1736:, state that a person can enter any of the ashramas without needing to go through the previous stages. He states that a Brahmachari who did not wish to marry immediately had the option of becoming an 1314:, and asks why the Vedic Brahmans compromised with the Vedantists but not with these scholars. Finally, he discusses the opposing views of Jaimini and Badarayana over the authority of the Upanishads. 1217:, in which meat and alcohol are part of the worship. He discusses the prevalence of Tantric worship in India, and states that the Brahmins promoted it despite its non-conformance to the Vedas and the 2237:

was born as Rama to one of the wives as a result. Ambedkar describes this birth as unnatural, and states that the story is possibly a euphemism for Shringa being the biological father of Rama (see

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was first associated with Brahma, and was appropriated by Vishnu's followers. Brahma's cult declined in India because of defamatory attacks from the followers of the other gods. For example, the

2339:. According to this story, a Brahmin blamed the premature death of his son on a sin committed in Rama's kingdom. After consultations, Rama concluded that this sin was the performance of sacred 419:

the Hindus. The Hinduism discussed by Ambedkar is "a complex congeries of creeds and doctrines" that has "no definite creed". According to Ambedkar, the Brahmin writers' works on Hinduism lack

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followers of Ambedkar and Buddhist monks wrote protest letters and newspaper articles, and participated in a march that was popularly called the "Bhim March". The controversy united various

2387:, and Krishna's story was inserted into the text at a later stage. Ambedkar disputes the characterization of Krishna as a god, and discusses various legends about him from texts such as the 1106:

According to Ambedkar, the Vedic goddesses were worshipped out of courtesy, simply because they were wives of the gods. Although the Vedic literature describes several conflicts against the

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performed by Brahmins of Varanasi on 15 August 1947, to celebrate a Brahmin becoming the first Prime Minister. Ambedkar was able to find the photo of Prasad, but not the photo of Nehru.

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Ambedkar discusses the vagueness of the term "Hindu": one cannot be called a Hindu for following a certain set of beliefs, because Hindu beliefs and practices vary widely (for example

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Based on an analysis of Ambedkar's drafts, American academic Scott R. Stroud (2022) states that the book shows "Ambedkar's potential as an innovative thinker in the global history of

2449:, referring to episodes of drunken singing and dancing with women, which modern Brahmins would find objectionable. Ambedkar states that after Krishna's own sons were killed during a 2003:

of the world, and the creation of the sacred law by Svayambhuva Manu. He asks if Svayambhuva was the only Manu who created the eternal law, or if each Manvantara had its own laws.

1326:. He discusses the decline of older gods and the rise of new cults, and also discusses the possibility of Shiva originally being a non-Aryan god. Ambedkar then states that in the 2425:

Ambedkar describes Krishna's acts as a warrior and a politician immoral, presenting summaries of various legends about him. For example, Ambedkar states that Krishna instigated

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Ambedkar describes Manu's explanation of the origin of the mixed castes as historically inaccurate, giving several examples. For example, the Magadhas were the residents of the

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accuses Brahma of committing adultery with his own daughter, resulting in admonishment from sages. The Puranas are full of propaganda and counter-propaganda by Vaishnavites and

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system, among other topics. The title of the book refers to questions ("riddles") that Ambedkar asks at the end of each chapter, encouraging the reader to think for themselves.

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Ambedkar quotes various texts on the origin of the varna system, and discusses the explanations offered for the existence of the varna system, including the one attributed to

2076:, stating that its characterization as the immoral age has a psychological effect on the people's mind. He discusses various theories about the original meaning of the term 2308:. When he finally met Sita for the first time in several months, he told her that he had killed Ravana to recover his honour and not for her sake. Rama then doubted Sita's 1136:

In the table of contents of Ambedkar's manuscript, the Riddle No. 13 was originally titled "How the Brahmans who were once cow-killers became the worshippers of the cow?"

2626:(December 1988), stated that various other leaders of Maharashtra had been "no less critical" of Hindu epics than Ambedkar; these leaders included Bal Thackeray's father 2052:

Ambedkar states that religion of a society is the main source of its fraternity. Hinduism, instead of teaching fraternity, promotes the division of society into classes (

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in opposition to the Vedas, and even considered the Vedas as inferior. Ambedkar states that at one time the Vedic Brahmins held the Upanishads in low esteem, quoting the

395:'s Dr. Ambedkar Foundation published a Hindi translation by Sitaram Khodawal, as part of Volume 8 of the Hindi translation of the BAWS series. In 2016, author-publisher 2282:

story seems more "natural and not inconsistent with the Aryan rules of marriage": if true, the incestuous marriage of Rama and Sita should not be regarded as an ideal.

2060:", according to which everything and everyone is "of the essence of Brahma". According to him, this concept suggests that all persons are equal, since all are parts of 616:

Ambedkar states that the various Hindu texts offer 11 different mythical explanations for the origin of the Vedas, tracing their origin to different sources including

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system as a core feature of Hinduism, considered to be a divine order. He then discusses various explanations for the origin of the varnas, quoting passages from the

1237:, in which Shiva tells Parvati that the Brahmins need to drink wine to achieve salvation. Ambedkar asks why did the Brahmins start drinking alcohol and eating flesh. 488:, Ambedkar intends to show that the Hindu society has seen radical changes in the past, and is capable of seeing more radical changes in the present and the future. 834:

Ambedkar discusses the various "artificial, ingenious and desperate" arguments provided by Brahmin scholars to support the high status of the Smritis (for example,

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story, Brahma creates enmity between Vishnu and Shiva, and in the end, the gods and the sages declare Vishnu to be superior. Ambedkar states that the concept of

3895: 2036: 1167:. He quotes sacred texts and cites examples to support this assertion. He then states that the biggest change that has taken place in the Hindu society is the 3679: 3947: 688:

to illustrate that the Vedas were not always considered the sole infallible authorities. In the surviving text, Ambedkar intends to present a quote from the

2357:, and Shudras were restricted to serving them. Rama then condemned and killed Shambuka, and the Brahmin's dead son came back to life. The gods and the sage 1322:

This appendix consolidates material from Riddle No. 10-11. Ambedkar provides a list of various sects prevalent in India in the past, from the Buddhist text

733:, according to whom the Vedas are simply the means of livelihood for priests who are devoid of knowledge and manliness. He presents various quotes from the 2268:

was found by a farmer in a field as a baby, and presented to king Janaka, who adopted her. Ambedkar finds this story unconvincing, and instead refers to

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that compulsory marriage without any consideration to wealth or health of a person would lead to personal and national ruin, unless the state guaranteed

846:, whom certain sects consider equal or superior to the Vedas. Ambedkar questions why did the Brahmins grant higher status to other texts over the Vedas. 1848:

and the 13 types of sons recognized in the Hindu law. He describes many of these relationships as "euphemisms for seduction and rape"; for example, the

1277:, stating that hundreds of goats are sacrificed there daily. He further states that the Hindus practised human sacrifice in the past, quoting historian 510:

Ambedkar states that he is well aware of the risk of writing such a controversial book, but asserts that this is necessary to liberate the Hindu mind.

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intoxication and violence. Ambedkar states that he has not quoted many obscene verses from the Vedas, but urges the interested readers to check them:

563: 555: 470:(static) view of Hindu civilization propagated by European scholars and Brahmanic theology. He asserts that the Hindu civilization is not unchanging ( 1549:

had a low opinion of women, and wanted to deprive them of the freedom they had under the Buddhist rule. Ambedkar mentions several examples of Manu's

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in the Vedas, and states that the only reason the Brahmins portray the Vedas as infallible is because this hymn grants them superiority over others.

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among Hindus, and to show how the Brahmins have deceived and misguided the Hindus. He also states that the objective of the book is to challenge the

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Poor creatures, they became nothing more than mere toys in the hands of the Brahmins. Why did the Brahmins treat the Gods with so scant a respect?

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that the appendix maligned Rama and Krishna. Through his columns, Gadkari campaigned for the controversial appendix to be deleted from the book.

1928:. He dismisses these explanations as absurd, and concludes that the Brahmins have been unable to offer any reasonable explanation on the topic. 322:, but did not have money to do so. He sought financial help from some industrialists and the government, and prioritized the publication of the 3768: 3742: 2569: 567: 927:

work collaboratively. However, the various legends manufactured by the followers of these gods show them engaging in feuds. For example, in a

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literature, but later, the Brahmins gave them a status equal or even superior to that of the Vedas. In his support, Ambedkar quotes historian

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population that even if every Brahmin female was a mistress of a Shudra it could not account of the vast number of Chandalas in the country.

666:. Ambedkar asks why the Brahmin authors of these texts provide multiple "incoherent and chaotic" explanations about the origin of the Vedas. 109: 4134: 2335:

42.27, 43.1, and 42.8. Ambedkar states that Ramayana mentions only one instance of Rama listening to a public grievance: the episode of

1520:, which glorify the Vedas as authoritative texts to be read every day. The rest of the chapter is missing in the surviving manuscript. 2520:

The disturbances in Mumbai resulted in to damage to private and public properties, and the defacement of the Martyrs' Memorial at the

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This appendix consolidates the matter of the riddles 2–6. Ambedkar discusses the authorship and the changing authority of the Vedas.

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Scott R. Stroud (2022). "Excessively Harsh Critique and Democratic Rhetoric: The Enigma of Bhimrao Ambedkar's Riddles in Hinduism".

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groups. Ultimately, the Government resumed the publication, with a disclaimer that it did not endorse the contents of the appendix.

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Ambedkar also questions the need for the Vanaprastha stage, stating that it overlaps with the Grihastha and the Sannyasa stages.

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over several mixed-caste combinations. For example, the child of a Vaishya father and a Kshatriya mother is called "Ayogava" in

225:, led to a political controversy, with some Hindu organizations calling them derogatory to Hindu gods. In Ambedkar's home state 4124: 2040:

Sample of BR Ambedkar's handwriting from the Riddles in Hinduism manuscript: "What is more ridiculous is the teaching of the

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Riddle No. 7: The turn of the tide, or how did the Brahmans declare the Vedas to be lower than the lowest of their Shastras?

2815:. डॉ. अम्बेडकर सम्पूर्ण वाङ्मय. Vol. 8. Translated by Sitaram Khodawal. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Government of India. 1445:

refers to the non-performance of ritual performances rather than performance of morally wrong deeds, and the Puranas offer

897:) is necessary only for those who believe in the Vedas; it is not necessary for those who have the knowledge of the self ( 2011:

Ambedkar mentions the various forms of Government, and discusses different definitions of democracy. He intends to quote

179:. He discusses a variety of topics, including the contents, the authority, and the origin of the Hindu texts such as the 2581: 2536: 1250: 523: 2644:

organization Rashtriya Dalita Sena stated that he would have shot Ambedkar for hurting Hindu sentiments by writing the

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discusses Kali-varjya, earlier described in the Riddle No. 20. Ambedkar asks why the Brahmins invented these concepts.

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story, Shiva cuts off Brahma's fifth head in support of Vishnu's claim that he was the first born among the gods. In a

1342: 838:'s theory that the Smritis may have been based on a lost Shruti text). Ambedkar then presents quotes from the various 504: 456:

In the introduction, Ambedkar describes the book as "an exposition of the beliefs propounded by what might be called

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The previous chapter, incomplete in the surviving manuscript, presumably described how the Hindu society moved from

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Raju pointed out that Rama's mistreatment of Vali, Shambuka and Sita has been criticized by many others, including

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who held on to their beliefs despite persecution. By challenging the characterization of the Hindu civilization as

281:, a central government employee, worked for him after office hours, and typed several of his works, including the 2772: 2653: 2565: 2498: 2108: 539: 380: 348: 200: 77: 1055:

and its commentary to assert that Ghora Angiras taught anti-Vedic doctrine to Krishna. Ambedkar points out that

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banned Thackeray from voting for 6 years. Nevertheless, Shiv Sena continued its Hindutva politics, winning the

2561: 1880:. Ambedkar lists several examples of such customs, including widow remarriage and sacrificial killing of cows ( 1554: 985:

and polytheism, comparing these to the similar practices in other faiths. For example, he mentions that unlike

2599:. Shashikant Pawar, the President of Maratha Mahasangha, condemned the Government's publication of the book. 1083:) to assert that the text variously declares Krishna to be superior or inferior to Shiva. He then quotes the 823:, presenting examples where the Vedas and the Smritis are in conflict (for example, the Vedic texts prohibit 3832:

Linda Hess (1999). "Rejecting Sita: Indian Responses to the Ideal Man's Cruel Treatment of His Ideal Wife".

2510: 2470: 2325:

herself into the earth rather than returning to Rama. Ambedkar describes Rama's treatment of Sita as cruel.

2022: 2017: 1209:(non-violence). In Riddle No. 14, Ambedkar describes the alleged reversal of this process. He refers to the 1179:

flesh. According to Ambedkar, no Hindu kills animals for food, and the non-vegetarian Hindus rely on Muslim

893: 698:

Riddle No. 5: Why did the Brahmans go further and declare that the Vedas are neither made by man nor by god?

574:

Riddle No. 2: The origin of the Vedas: The Brahmanic explanation or an exercise in the art of circumlocution

305: 183:; the absurdities, the contradictions, and the changing nature of the Hindu beliefs; and the discriminatory 1433:

or the law books. He mentions the first two dogmas: the belief in the Trimurti, and the recognition of the

4129: 2627: 2577: 2544: 2157:

engaged in these vices (according to Ambedkar, the Devas were a human group similar to the Aryans and the

1070: 30: 3980: 1864:

Riddle No. 20: Kali Varjya or the Brahmanic art of suspending the operation of sin without calling it sin

2803: 2612: 1722: 1437:(rites). The next few pages are missing from the surviving manuscript. Next, Ambedkar discusses the god 1302:

This appendix consolidates the matter of the riddles 8–9. Ambedkar states that the Hindus today regard

172: 58: 1979:

passages describing the past, the current, and the future Manvantaras. He notes that according to the

2413:, and forced them to come out naked and beg to him for returning the clothes. He describes Krishna's 1845: 1274: 1164: 1051: 725:

Ambedkar questions the ethical and spiritual value of the Vedas, quoting various scholars, including

416: 258: 146: 2588:

civic body elections. Shiv Sena's success encouraged BJP to focus on the Hindutva politics as well.

670:

Riddle No. 4: Why suddenly the Brahmans declare the Vedas to be infallible and not to be questioned?

550:; even monotheist Hindus do not worship the same god. Several Hindus worship Muslim figures such as 2178: 1728: 1636: 1492: 884: 690: 559: 392: 188: 2361:

praised Rama for this deed. Ambedkar calls this "the worst crime that history has ever recorded".

989:(who are also idolatrous), the Hindus endow an idol with the functions of a human being using the 4099:(1995), Hindi translation published by Government of India's Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, as part of 3876: 3841: 3814: 3716: 2619: 2317: 1849: 1457: 1311: 1245:

Ambedkar states that after approving the consumption of alcohol and meat, the Brahmins wrote the

1210: 843: 730: 294: 1840:

Riddle No. 19: The change from paternity to maternity: What did the Brahmans wish to gain by it?

472: 466: 293:

for two photographs to be included in the book. The first photograph was that of India's first

4065: 4041: 4013: 3778: 3658: 2816: 2782: 2573: 2026: 2000: 1496: 1278: 1273:. As an example of the prevalence of animal sacrifice among the Hindus, Ambedkar mentions the 1123: 856: 461: 420: 308: 278: 184: 117: 104: 2145:

intoxication); and promiscuity (including incest, sale of women, polygamy and polyandry, and

842:

declaring their equality with or superiority over the Vedas. Finally, Ambedkar discusses the

265:, leaving him without any official secretarial staff. He spent the last years of his life at 3992: 3949:'Would have killed Ambedkar if he were alive': Telengana man arrested after video sparks row 3868: 3650: 2874: 2649: 2474: 2274: 2229: 2053: 1984: 1901: 1832: 1751:

Riddle No. 18: Manu's madness or the Brahmanic explanation of the origin of the mixed castes

1666: 1601: 1578: 1546: 1426: 1353:

was originally associated with Vishnu, and was later appropriated for Shiva in the Puranas.

1168: 1037: 991: 949: 883:'s commentary on their works to explain their opposing views. Jaimini declared that a man's 477: 344: 138: 40: 4106:

Unravelling the Riddles in Hinduism : Decoding Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Riddles in Hinduism

1491:

Ambedkar mentions that religion started with questions on topics such as the nature of the

3899: 2592: 2502: 2300: 2154: 1962: 1932: 1689: 1350: 1176: 1073:

were probably invented to confer godhood on men. He then quotes various passages from the

1062: 835: 828: 335: 330: 297: 262: 242: 234: 155: 4087: 4056: 4032: 1026:

became superior. A list of various sects prevalent in India, given in the Buddhist text

801:

Ambedkar questions why certain Hindu texts such as the Veda samhitas were classified as

318:

During the last days of his life, Ambedkar wanted to publish seven books, including the

2540: 1931:

Ambedkar then discusses the ashrama system, and criticizes it as a stupid attempt at a

816: 384: 266: 142: 2257:(whom Ambedkar describes as prostitutes), unmarried women, and wives of other beings. 2169:

kings by destroying their subjects' faith in their rule in a purportedly immoral age.

1787:

gives a list of various combinations of mixed-caste parentage, and classifies them as

1750: 1570: 4113: 3880: 2607: 2557: 2552: 2521: 2450: 2313: 2299:

Ambedkar discusses Rama's character as an individual, describing his mistreatment of

2292: 2219: 2096: 1992: 1975: 1868:

Ambedkar discusses the dogma of Kali-varjya ("Kali Varja"), which is codified in the

1654: 1610: 1261: 1255: 1172: 1079: 929: 713:

intelligent humans, thus confirming their non-divine origin. Ambedkar then discusses

685: 500: 3872: 2445:

below the navel in a combat. Ambedkar then describes Krishna's life as the ruler of

3896:"Hindutva leader says would have shot Ambedkar, BSP Telangana chief demands action" 3640: 2863:"Tending Immanence, Transcending Sectarianism: Plane of Mixed Castes and Religions" 2410: 2331: 2142: 2126: 2125:

rite of inserting the penis of a dead horse into a queen's vagina. He portrays the

2112: 2081: 2041: 1693: 1587: 1562: 1485: 1266: 1214: 1156: 1152: 1140: 1007: 880: 820: 742: 641: 600: 584:

commentator Kulluka Bhatta's description of the Vedas as "eternally pre-existing" (

551: 538:

have more in common than the Hindus have in common with each other. Hindus include

274: 238: 2568:

argued that Thackeray's communal speeches amounted to corrupt practices under the

907:

Riddle No. 10: Why did the Brahmans make the Hindu gods fight against one another?

4095: 4007: 3772: 3644: 2807: 2776: 1708:(renunciate). He describes three features of the ashrama system mentioned in the 1241:

Riddle No. 15: How did the Brahmans wed an ahimsak god to a bloodthirsty goddess?

1095:

Riddle No. 12: Why did the Brahmans dethrone the gods and enthrone the goddesses?

1069:

Ambedkar then discusses Rama and Krishna, stating that the stories of them being

628:

and others. In his support, he quotes passages from several texts, including the

399:

and historian Shobhna Iyer published an annotated critical edition, based on the

3953: 2375: 2090: 1961:

as an undemocratic government run by a corporation comprising an officer called

1914: 1701: 1672: 1500: 1088: 962:

Riddle No. 11: Why did the Brahmans make the Hindu gods suffer to rise and fall?

944: 786: 721:

Riddle No. 6: The contents of the Vedas: Have they any moral or spiritual value?

708: 676: 658: 496: 246: 226: 168: 4028: 3704: 2602: 2585: 2548: 2442: 2434: 2305: 2138: 2122: 2057: 2030: 2012: 1970: 1958: 1357: 1328: 1230: 1160: 1049:, Ambedkar states that Shiva was originally an anti-Vedic god. He then quotes 876: 808: 790: 777: 771: 681: 653: 580: 543: 531: 2622:

who called it "disgraceful". Similarly, Gunvanthi Balarama, in an article in

2149:). Ambedkar quotes several texts in his support, stating that even Brahmins, 3997: 3924: 3805:

S. M. Dahiwale (1995). "Consolidation of Maratha Dominance in Maharashtra".

2879: 2862: 2490: 2405:

episode as obscene: according to this legend, Krishna seized the clothes of

2393: 2321: 2073: 1988: 1873: 1804: 1795: 1697: 1660: 1574: 1465: 1446: 1365: 1111: 621: 605: 547: 230: 2080:, and the different dates proposed for the start of the Kali Yuga. Quoting 1087:, stating that there was an attempt to degrade Rama below the Brahmin hero 124: 3654: 863:

Riddle No. 9: How the Upanishads came to be made subordinate to the Vedas?

338:, and on 20 January, while she was away, entered her rooms accompanied by 3604: 3602: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3503: 3501: 3423: 3421: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3362: 3360: 2641: 2634: 2596: 2532: 2479: 2430: 2414: 2384: 2336: 2309: 2205: 2134: 2130: 1758: 1705: 1582: 1550: 1469: 1453: 1381: 1361: 1307: 1144: 986: 982: 954: 935: 912: 726: 649: 630: 396: 301: 270: 176: 2611:

editorial (April 1988), criticized Shiv Sena for trying to suppress the

612:

Riddle No. 3: The testimony of other Shastras on the origin of the Vedas

3921:"'Would've shot Ambedkar like Godse': action sought on Hindutva leader" 3845: 3818: 3720: 3201: 3199: 2955: 2953: 2595:

Mahamandal held a burning of the book at the organization's meeting in

2446: 2419: 2398: 2370: 2358: 2341: 2224: 2200: 2061: 2045: 1921: 1827: 1800: 1789: 1419: 1385: 1373: 1369: 1303: 1246: 1180: 1115: 1028: 872: 839: 824: 815:

texts, stating that originally they were not recognized as part of the

766: 714: 663: 635: 617: 608:, and questions why the Brahmins do not openly state who created them. 590: 535: 457: 339: 221: 164: 2547:(BJP) - which later came to be identified with Hindutva - supported a 2497:

asking for the appendix to be removed from the book. As a result, the

1596:

Riddle No. 16: The four varnas: Are the Brahmans sure of their origin?

476:): as an example, he states that the Brahmins stopped worshipping the 241:

of the book. The Government withdrew the book temporarily, leading to

2494: 2426: 2254: 2253:'s command, the gods engaged in "wholesale acts of fornication" with 2250: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2166: 2158: 2150: 2146: 2117: 1775:

Ambedkar discusses the various categories of castes mentioned in the

1713: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1461: 1430: 1389:

illustrates that the three Trimurti gods had equal status at a time.

1377: 1226: 1205: 1148: 1107: 1042: 1011: 1002:

accords equal status to all the gods, but later hymns variously name

940: 920: 916: 812: 803: 754: 738: 595: 527: 160: 150: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 2278:), according to which Sita was a sister of Rama. He states that the 1018:

similarly states that originally all the gods were alike, but later

684:

texts, whose authority cannot be questioned. He then quotes various

588:). According to Kulluka Bhatta, when the universe is dissolved in a 2453:, he joined the fight and killed a large number of his own people. 1529:

The riddle of women: Why did the Brahmins degrade the Indian women?

2755: 2753: 2514: 2506: 2438: 2422:

while Radha (according to some texts) was married to another man.

2350: 2035: 1966: 1872:. According to this dogma, certain practices are forbidden in the 1537:, because it was already included in BAWS Series 3 as Chapter 17: 1338: 1184: 1046: 1023: 1003: 924: 899: 888: 762: 750: 625: 492: 312: 233:

organized protests demanding the removal of the appendix, and the

196: 180: 97: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 2068:

Riddle No. 23: Kali Yuga: Why have the Brahmans made it unending?

1995:, and if the first Manu married his sister. Ambedkar then quotes 1692:

system which divides the life of an individual into four stages:

1464:, the female energy of Shiva. Ambedkar discusses the concepts of 604:). Ambedkar states that the Vedas could not have come into being 347:, and were later transferred to the Administrator General of the 3174: 3172: 3170: 2406: 2265: 2210: 2182: 1877: 1853: 1438: 1425:

In Part II, Ambedkar discusses the dogmas of the Smarth Dharma (

1270: 1056: 1019: 481: 300:

drinking water with which he had washed the feet of Brahmins at

217: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3090: 3088: 2056:). Ambedkar then discusses the Hindu philosophical concept of " 1233:) is of two types: Vedic and Tantric. Ambedkar then quotes the 578:

Ambedkar questions the origins of the Vedas, and discusses the

518:====Riddle No. 1: The difficulty of knowing why one is a Hindu 2841: 2839: 2535:

politics. Shiv Sena, which was not formally recognized by the

2213:'s birth was marked by "general debauchery". According to the 1442: 1175:, or follow other dietary restrictions such as not eating the 981:

Ambedkar briefly discusses two common criticisms of Hinduism,

781:. He then presents an extract of the table of contents of the 2527:

The publication of the book became a major issue in the 1987

2329:

and eating (including flesh). In his support, Ambedkar cites

2129:

society as immoral, giving examples of gambling (such as the

118: 1991:

from himself: Ambedkar asks if this means that Brahma was a

1684:

Riddle No. 17: The four ashramas: The why and how about them

1356:

Ambedkar then discusses a legend about the birth of the god

2940: 2938: 850:

Riddle No. 8: How the Upanishads declared war on the Vedas?

480:

when such worship became unprofitable for them, unlike the

203:. The Government published the book in 1987 as part of the 22:

Riddles in Hinduism: An Exposition to Enlighten the Masses

3774:

Trail of the Tiger - Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray: A Journey

2044:. For it was this Shankaracharya who taught that there is 694:, but the quote and the subsequent discussion is missing. 2551:

candidate who championed secularism. The Shiv Sena chief

2007:

Riddle No. 22: Brahma is not Dharma: What good is Brahma?

1811:. Later authors have made several additions to the list. 1139:

Ambedkar states that various vices were common among the

2465:

Volume 4 in 1987, its content - especially the appendix

1488:

rituals, which involve drinking and sexual intercourse.

1118:

do not participate in the conflicts against the asuras.

891:. Badarayana states that the performance of sacrifices ( 674:

Ambedkar states that the Brahmins describe the Vedas as

214:

The contents of the book, especially an appendix titled

141:

book by the Indian social reformer and political leader

3981:"Clearing of the Ground - Ambedkar's Method of Reading" 2111:

was "full of barbaric and obscene observances" such as

598:, and reproduced at the beginning of the each new era ( 2461:

Soon after the publication of the book as part of the

2104:

years, with 1 divine day being equal to 1 human year.

1935:, saying that it cut off old men from their families. 811:), while the others were not. First, he discusses the 4006:

B.R. Ambedkar (2016). S. Anand; Shobhna Iyer (eds.).

1191:

The rest of the text is missing from the manuscript.

558:. Ambedkar further states that the observance of the 2345:

by Shambuka, a Shudra. According to the sacred law (

1452:

In Part III, Ambedkar describes the Tantrik Dharma (

495:- generally considered among the most sacred of the 4009:

Riddles in Hinduism: The Annotated Critical Edition

3627: 3608: 3593: 3548: 3531: 3507: 3427: 3412: 3395: 3383: 3366: 3217: 3205: 3190: 3079: 3007: 2959: 2917: 2759: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2672: 376:, which is not mentioned in the table of contents. 116: 103: 93: 83: 72: 64: 54: 50:

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches (BAWS)

46: 36: 26: 4091:(1987), published by the Government of Maharashtra 3743:"Ambedkar, Hinduism and the 'Riddles' controversy" 2177:Quoting various texts, Ambedkar discusses various 879:as an upholder of the Upanishads. Ambedkar quotes 785:, stating that three-fourths of the text is about 359:was published in 1987, as part of the Volume 4 of 2517:groups, who sought to protect Ambedkar's legacy. 2433:without waiting for a husband-choosing ceremony ( 1577:, and provides examples of ancient women such as 871:" after two ancient scholars. Ambedkar describes 1888:Appendix I: The riddle of the Varnashrama Dharma 1876:(the current age), but permissible in the other 1807:mother is called "Magadha" and is classified as 1779:, and then focuses the discussion on the mixed ( 1565:, and prohibiting women from reading the Vedas. 1533:The BAWS editors excluded this chapter from the 1221:. For example, Kulluka Bhatta, a commentator on 1892: 1755: 1401: 1376:- each claim to be the most chaste woman. Sage 966: 460:theology". He states that he aims to encourage 440: 326:, which was published shortly after his death. 199:, and ultimately came in the possession of the 4058:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar - Writings and Speeches 4034:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar - Writings and Speeches 304:in 1952. The second was that of India's first 257:In September 1951, Ambedkar resigned from the 3646:The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs 2493:, a Hindu-centric political party, rioted in 2181:. Ambedkar states that the names of the four 1397:Appendix IV: Smarth Dharma and Tantrik Dharma 8: 3680:"Journalism loses one of its tallest giants" 2971: 2905: 2893: 2845: 2802:B.R. Ambedkar (1995). Kailash Chandra Seth; 2778:हिन्दू धर्म की रिडल (Hindu Dharma Ki Riddle) 2260:Ambedkar states that according to Valmiki's 1422:Dharma (the religion of the Shrauta texts). 998:Ambedkar states that an earlier hymn of the 361:Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches 205:Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches 21: 3985:Caste: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 3834:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 3572: 3560: 3519: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3451: 3439: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3284: 3272: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3178: 3161: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3067: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3019: 2995: 2983: 2944: 2929: 2867:Caste: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 2640:In 2023, Hamara Prasad, the founder of the 2383:originally contained only the story of the 1557:-like treatment to a wife in the matter of 1429:), whose sacred literature consists of the 887:can go to heaven only if he performs Vedic 594:, the Vedas are preserved in the memory of 3649:. Columbia University Press. p. 273. 3351: 3339: 2856: 2854: 2531:by-poll, which was a turning point in the 2190:Appendix I: The riddle of Rama and Krishna 2173:Riddle No. 24: The riddle of the Kali Yuga 1799:(condemned). For example, the child of a 1508:Appendix V: The infallibility of the Vedas 159:view of Hindu civilization circulated by " 20: 4055:B.R. Ambedkar (1987). Vasant Moon (ed.). 3996: 3894:Balakrishna Ganeshan (10 February 2023). 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 2878: 1895:they have been such strong protagonists? 702:Ambedkar states that the Vedas cannot be 329:After Ambedkar's death in 1956, his wife 4103:Series Volume 8 (ISBN 978-93-5109-157-8) 4064:. Vol. 4. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. 4040:. Vol. 3. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. 2576:, which declared the election void. The 1318:Appendix III: The riddle of the Trimurti 1195:Riddle No. 14: From ahimsa back to himsa 867:The original title of this chapter was " 827:, but the Smritis support the custom of 562:does not make one a Hindu, because many 2665: 2217:, Rama's father Dasharatha performed a 1953:Riddle No. 21: The theory of Manvantara 1132:Riddle No. 13: The riddle of the ahimsa 2570:Representation of the People Act, 1951 2245:, its various characters (such as the 1298:Appendix II: The riddle of the Vedanta 411:As suggested by the book's subtitle - 2652:arrested him, charging him under the 2648:. This led to a controversy, and the 413:An Exposition to Enlighten the Masses 355:Committee to publish the papers. The 7: 2373:, describing him as the hero of the 2316:, Rama took her back to his capital 1539:The Woman and the Counter-Revolution 1512:Ambedkar presents passages from the 1041:legend about Shiva's destruction of 973:B.R. Ambedkar on the Hindu gods, in 911:Ambedkar states that the concept of 273:rented from the former ruler of the 4027:B.R. Ambedkar (1987). Vasant Moon; 3861:Journal for the History of Rhetoric 2505:across Maharashtra by thousands of 2241:). He states that according to the 1541:. In this chapter, Ambedkar quotes 1499:of the universe, the definition of 1290:Appendix I: The riddle of the Vedas 1147:; "loose" sex relations (including 1099:This chapter was originally titled 499:- as "worthless". He describes the 288:According to Rattu, Ambedkar wrote 167:theology". Ambedkar quotes various 3946:Abdul Basheer (10 February 2023). 3707:(1991). "Appropriating Ambedkar". 2469:- led to a political controversy. 2072:Ambedkar describes the concept of 1957:Ambedkar describes the concept of 1360:. In this story, the wives of the 14: 3840:(1). Oxford University Press: 3. 2543:as an independent candidate. The 2199:Ambedkar summarizes the story of 1939:Appendix II: Compulsory matrimony 1393:conflicts for political reasons. 875:as an upholder of the Vedas, and 2775:(2005) . "Do Shabd (Foreword)". 3873:10.5325/jhistrhetoric.25.1.0002 2501:withdrew the book. This led to 2409:while they were bathing in the 2233:to Dasharatha's wives. The god 749:10.85.37 (conversation between 570:also observe the caste system. 3678:Jyoti Punwani (17 June 2022). 2580:upheld this decision, and the 2467:The riddle of Rama and Krishna 1987:(the first Manu) and his wife 1585:, among others. He quotes the 1265:, which recommends animal and 1259:("The Bloody Chapter") of the 1171:: several Hindus now practice 761:10.86.6 (conversation between 554:and Christian figures such as 1: 3807:Economic and Political Weekly 3709:Economic and Political Weekly 1101:Vedic and non-Vedic Goddesses 915:suggests that the Hindu gods 4101:डॉ. अम्बेडकर सम्पूर्ण वाङ्मय 2572:. He took the matter to the 2161:, not supernatural beings). 1712:: (1) it is not open to the 261:because of impasse over the 175:the "Brahmanic theology" of 2115:, worship of the genitals ( 1999:passages that describe the 1281:. Ambedkar then quotes the 857:Dharma Sutras of Baudhayana 374:Riddles of Rama and Krishna 4151: 4135:Books critical of Hinduism 3767:Radheshyam Jadhav (2021). 2353:people could perform such 2223:ritual, in which the sage 706:(not man-made), since the 229:, the Hindu-centric party 2773:Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan 2499:Government of Maharashtra 2107:Ambedkar states that the 2029:call it) or "maitri" (as 1720:Ambedkar then quotes the 1121:Ambedkar then quotes the 1014:as the greatest god. The 869:Jaimini versus Badarayana 383:translated the book into 381:Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan 349:Government of Maharashtra 201:Government of Maharashtra 78:Government of Maharashtra 3741:S.V. Raju (April 1988). 3628:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3609:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3594:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3549:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3532:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3508:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3428:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3413:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3396:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3384:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3367:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3218:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3206:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3191:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3080:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 3008:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2960:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2918:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2760:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2745:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2733:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2721:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2709:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2697:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2685:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2673:Shobhna Iyer et al. 2016 2562:Indian National Congress 2379:. According to him, the 2369:Ambedkar then discusses 2349:), only the upper class 1561:, allowing a husband to 4120:Books by B. R. Ambedkar 4096:हिन्दू धर्म की पहेलियां 3998:10.26812/caste.v2i1.246 2880:10.26812/caste.v2i2.230 2809:हिन्दू धर्म की पहेलियां 2018:Democracy and Education 1969:, and the seven sages ( 1846:eight types of marriage 1844:Ambedkar discusses the 1688:Ambedkar discusses the 1600:Ambedkar describes the 1456:or the religion of the 1380:recounts their acts of 1283:Asvalayana-grihya-sutra 1275:Kali Temple in Calcutta 491:Ambedkar describes the 4125:1987 non-fiction books 2628:Prabodhankar Thackeray 2545:Bharatiya Janata Party 2483:, wrote in his column 2285:Ambedkar disputes the 2049: 1897: 1764: 1723:Vashistha Dharma Sutra 1704:(forest-dweller), and 1406: 1269:to please the goddess 1071:incarnations of Vishnu 970: 530:). He states that the 445: 415:- Ambedkar intends to 389:Hindu Dharma Ki Riddle 153:, and challenging the 76:Education Department, 31:Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar 16:Book by B. R. Ambedkar 3979:Ankit Kawade (2021). 3655:10.7312/pawa14900-014 2804:Mohan Dass Naimishray 2613:freedom of expression 2591:In January 1988, the 2539:at the time, fielded 2249:) were born when, at 2039: 2027:French revolutionists 1900:B.R. Ambedkar on the 324:Buddha and His Dhamma 59:Criticism of Hinduism 2861:Roshni Babu (2021). 2473:, the editor of the 2042:Great Shankaracharya 1965:, an officer called 1821:Brihad-Vishnu Smriti 1729:Gautama Dharma Sutra 1553:, such as according 1235:Matrika Bheda Tantra 1052:Chhandogya Upanishad 4088:Riddles in Hinduism 3769:"Modi Vs Thackeray" 3611:, pp. 232–246. 3596:, pp. 217–232. 3575:, pp. 307–322. 3563:, pp. 288–306. 3551:, pp. 180–216. 3522:, pp. 348–349. 3510:, pp. 166–179. 3495:, pp. 275–280. 3483:, pp. 261–271. 3471:, pp. 236–261. 3442:, pp. 232–235. 3430:, pp. 155–165. 3415:, pp. 139–154. 3386:, pp. 129–138. 3369:, pp. 105–128. 3354:, pp. 432–437. 3342:, pp. 429–431. 3318:, pp. 183–186. 3306:, pp. 176–182. 3275:, pp. 161–175. 3256:, pp. 151–160. 3244:, pp. 128–150. 3232:, pp. 118–127. 2896:, pp. 180–182. 2646:Riddles in Hinduism 2582:Election Commission 2537:Election Commission 2441:to unfairly strike 2401:. He describes the 2179:Hindu units of time 2133:putting their wife 1948:Part III: Political 1906:Riddles in Hinduism 1852:is a euphemism for 1769:Riddles in Hinduism 1732:, which unlike the 1637:Taittiriya Brahmana 1632:Shatapatha Brahmana 1535:Riddles in Hinduism 1514:Shatapatha Brahmana 1411:Riddles in Hinduism 1016:Shatapatha Brahmana 975:Riddles in Hinduism 691:Shatapatha Brahmana 680:(not man-made) and 450:Riddles in Hinduism 425:Riddles in Hinduism 393:Government of India 369:Riddles in Hinduism 357:Riddles in Hinduism 320:Riddles in Hinduism 290:Riddles in Hinduism 283:Riddles in Hinduism 253:Publication history 134:Riddles in Hinduism 23: 3927:. 10 February 2023 3220:, pp. 98-1-3. 3181:, pp. 90–107. 2620:C. Rajagopalachari 2437:), and instigated 2050: 1973:). He then quotes 1850:Paishacha marriage 1620:Taittiriya Samhita 1616:Vajasaneyi Samhita 1347:Vishnu in the Veda 1225:, states that the 662:, and the various 237:Mahamandal held a 4071:978-93-5109-064-9 4047:978-93-5109-064-9 3208:, pp. 85–97. 3164:, pp. 80–98. 3133:, pp. 70–79. 3121:, pp. 67–70. 3109:, pp. 62–66. 3097:, pp. 53–61. 3082:, pp. 66–84. 3070:, pp. 37–52. 3058:, pp. 28–36. 3046:, pp. 25–27. 3034:, pp. 19–24. 3022:, pp. 16–17. 3010:, pp. 58–65. 2972:Ankit Kawade 2021 2962:, pp. 51–54. 2906:Ankit Kawade 2021 2894:Ankit Kawade 2021 2846:Ankit Kawade 2021 2822:978-93-5109-157-8 2711:, pp. 12–14. 2687:, pp. 11–12. 2574:Bombay High Court 1983:, Brahma created 1819:and "Pukkasa" in 1767:B.R. Ambedkar in 1409:B.R. Ambedkar in 1279:Rajendralal Mitra 1251:animal sacrifices 1124:Markandeya Purana 889:ritual sacrifices 564:Indian Christians 514:Part I: Religious 462:rational thinking 448:B.R. Ambedkar in 421:rational thinking 309:Jawahar Lal Nehru 279:Nanak Chand Rattu 130: 129: 110:978-93-5109-064-9 94:Publication place 4142: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4023: 4002: 4000: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3725: 3724: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3612: 3606: 3597: 3591: 3576: 3573:Vasant Moon 1987 3570: 3564: 3561:Vasant Moon 1987 3558: 3552: 3546: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3520:Vasant Moon 1987 3517: 3511: 3505: 3496: 3493:Vasant Moon 1987 3490: 3484: 3481:Vasant Moon 1987 3478: 3472: 3469:Vasant Moon 1987 3466: 3455: 3452:Vasant Moon 1987 3449: 3443: 3440:Vasant Moon 1987 3437: 3431: 3425: 3416: 3410: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3328:Vasant Moon 1987 3325: 3319: 3316:Vasant Moon 1987 3313: 3307: 3304:Vasant Moon 1987 3301: 3288: 3285:Vasant Moon 1987 3282: 3276: 3273:Vasant Moon 1987 3270: 3257: 3254:Vasant Moon 1987 3251: 3245: 3242:Vasant Moon 1987 3239: 3233: 3230:Vasant Moon 1987 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3179:Vasant Moon 1987 3176: 3165: 3162:Vasant Moon 1987 3159: 3146: 3143:Vasant Moon 1987 3140: 3134: 3131:Vasant Moon 1987 3128: 3122: 3119:Vasant Moon 1987 3116: 3110: 3107:Vasant Moon 1987 3104: 3098: 3095:Vasant Moon 1987 3092: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3068:Vasant Moon 1987 3065: 3059: 3056:Vasant Moon 1987 3053: 3047: 3044:Vasant Moon 1987 3041: 3035: 3032:Vasant Moon 1987 3029: 3023: 3020:Vasant Moon 1987 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2996:Vasant Moon 1987 2993: 2987: 2984:Vasant Moon 1987 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2948: 2945:Vasant Moon 1987 2942: 2933: 2930:Vasant Moon 1987 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2858: 2849: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2814: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2650:Telangana Police 2503:counter-protests 2475:Marathi language 2365:Part II: Krishna 2275:Dasaratha Jataka 2227:("Shrung") gave 1985:Svayambhuva Manu 1908: 1793:(acceptable) or 1771: 1667:Bhagavata Purana 1427:Smarta tradition 1413: 1384:, and describes 1253:. He quotes the 1038:Bhagavata Purana 992:prana-pratishtha 977: 950:Bhagavata Purana 859:in his support. 524:animal sacrifice 452: 345:Delhi High Court 243:counter-protests 139:English language 120: 85:Publication date 24: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4110: 4109: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4037: 4026: 4020: 4005: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3900:The News Minute 3893: 3892: 3888: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3728: 3715:(27–28): 1698. 3703: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3615: 3607: 3600: 3592: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3373: 3365: 3358: 3352:Hari Narke 1987 3350: 3346: 3340:Hari Narke 1987 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3168: 3160: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2986:, pp. 8–9. 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2951: 2943: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2812: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2723:, pp. 8–9. 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2566:Prabhakar Kunte 2560:. The defeated 2556:formation of a 2459: 2367: 2280:Buddha Ramayana 2270:Buddha Ramayana 2220:Putreshti yajna 2209:, stating that 2197: 2192: 2175: 2113:human sacrifice 2070: 2009: 1955: 1950: 1941: 1933:planned economy 1910: 1899: 1890: 1866: 1842: 1817:Aushanas Smriti 1773: 1766: 1753: 1700:(householder), 1686: 1598: 1531: 1526: 1524:Part II: Social 1510: 1449:for such sins. 1415: 1408: 1399: 1351:phallus worship 1349:to assert that 1320: 1300: 1292: 1267:human sacrifice 1256:Rudhir Adhhyaya 1243: 1197: 1134: 1097: 1077:(including the 1063:Devi Bhagavatam 979: 972: 964: 909: 865: 852: 836:Kumarila Bhatta 799: 775:section of the 723: 700: 672: 614: 576: 521: 516: 454: 447: 438: 409: 391:. In 1995, the 336:eviction notice 298:Rajendra Prasad 263:Hindu Code Bill 255: 86: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4148: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4092: 4082: 4081:External links 4079: 4077: 4076: 4070: 4052: 4046: 4024: 4018: 4003: 3991:(1): 174–188. 3975: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3938: 3912: 3886: 3851: 3824: 3797: 3783: 3777:. Bloomsbury. 3759: 3726: 3696: 3670: 3663: 3632: 3613: 3598: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3536: 3534:, p. 179. 3524: 3512: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3456: 3454:, p. 250. 3444: 3432: 3417: 3400: 3398:, p. 154. 3388: 3371: 3356: 3344: 3332: 3330:, p. 187. 3320: 3308: 3289: 3287:, p. 182. 3277: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3195: 3183: 3166: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2974:, p. 177. 2964: 2949: 2934: 2922: 2910: 2908:, p. 182. 2898: 2886: 2873:(2): 359–374. 2850: 2848:, p. 180. 2835: 2821: 2794: 2787: 2764: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2541:Ramesh Prabhoo 2511:Dalit Buddhist 2471:Madhav Gadkari 2458: 2455: 2366: 2363: 2264:, Rama's wife 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2174: 2171: 2109:Vedic religion 2069: 2066: 2008: 2005: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1917:to everybody. 1891: 1889: 1886: 1865: 1862: 1841: 1838: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1685: 1682: 1597: 1594: 1545:to state that 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1509: 1506: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1319: 1316: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1242: 1239: 1203:(violence) to 1196: 1193: 1133: 1130: 1096: 1093: 965: 963: 960: 908: 905: 881:Shankaracharya 864: 861: 851: 848: 817:Dharma Shastra 798: 795: 722: 719: 699: 696: 671: 668: 613: 610: 575: 572: 568:Indian Muslims 515: 512: 439: 437: 434: 408: 405: 385:Hindi language 306:Prime Minister 267:26 Alipur Road 254: 251: 216:The riddle of 143:B. R. Ambedkar 128: 127: 122: 114: 113: 107: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 87: 84: 81: 80: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 38: 34: 33: 28: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4147: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4130:Book burnings 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4019:9788189059774 4015: 4011: 4010: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3942: 3939: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3798: 3786: 3784:9789389867367 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3763: 3760: 3748: 3747:Freedom First 3744: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3685: 3684:Mumbai Mirror 3681: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3664:9780231149006 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3630:, p. 14. 3629: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3193:, p. 50. 3192: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3145:, p. 98. 3144: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2920:, p. 15. 2919: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2824: 2818: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2795: 2790: 2788:9788187733836 2784: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2747:, p. 11. 2746: 2741: 2738: 2735:, p. 10. 2734: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2699:, p. 12. 2698: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2608:Freedom First 2604: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578:Supreme Court 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2558:Hindu Rashtra 2554: 2553:Bal Thackeray 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2522:Hutatma Chowk 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2451:drunken fight 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2429:to carry off 2428: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:vastra-harana 2400: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2293:Ayodhya Kanda 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127:ancient Aryan 2124: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097:Vishnu Purana 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993:hermaphrodite 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981:Vishnu Purana 1978: 1977: 1976:Vishnu Purana 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1926:Bhagavad Gita 1923: 1918: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1870:Aditya Purana 1863: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1803:father and a 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1757:The caste of 1748: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1655:Vishnu Purana 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1611:Purusha Sukta 1607: 1603: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1564: 1563:beat his wife 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1486:pancha-makara 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1414: 1412: 1405: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:R.N. Dandekar 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1324:Chula Niddesa 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215:pancha-makara 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173:vegetarianism 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1080:Bhagavad Gita 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1029:Chula Niddesa 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 994: 993: 988: 984: 978: 976: 969: 961: 959: 956: 952: 951: 946: 942: 938: 937: 932: 931: 930:Skanda Purana 926: 922: 918: 914: 906: 904: 902: 901: 896: 895: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 862: 860: 858: 849: 847: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 805: 796: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 779: 774: 773: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 720: 718: 716: 711: 710: 705: 697: 695: 693: 692: 687: 686:Dharma Sutras 683: 679: 678: 669: 667: 665: 661: 660: 655: 651: 647: 644: 643: 638: 637: 633: 632: 627: 623: 619: 611: 609: 607: 603: 602: 597: 593: 592: 587: 583: 582: 573: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 519: 513: 511: 508: 506: 505:interpolation 502: 501:Purusha Sukta 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 474: 469: 468: 463: 459: 453: 451: 444: 435: 433: 429: 426: 422: 418: 414: 406: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 377: 375: 370: 366: 362: 358: 352: 350: 346: 341: 337: 332: 327: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 307: 303: 299: 296: 291: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259:Nehru cabinet 252: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223: 219: 212: 210: 206: 202: 198: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 163:scholars and 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 135: 126: 123: 121: 115: 111: 108: 106: 102: 99: 96: 92: 88: 82: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 60: 57: 53: 49: 45: 42: 39: 35: 32: 29: 25: 19: 4100: 4094: 4086: 4057: 4033: 4012:. Navayana. 4008: 3988: 3984: 3972:Bibliography 3957:. Retrieved 3948: 3941: 3929:. Retrieved 3915: 3903:. Retrieved 3889: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3788:. Retrieved 3773: 3762: 3750:. Retrieved 3746: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3687:. Retrieved 3683: 3673: 3645: 3641:Urmila Pawar 3635: 3568: 3556: 3527: 3515: 3488: 3476: 3447: 3435: 3391: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3280: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3186: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2998:, p. 9. 2991: 2979: 2967: 2947:, p. 5. 2932:, p. 8. 2925: 2913: 2901: 2889: 2870: 2866: 2826:. 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Altekar 802: 800: 783:Atharva Veda 782: 776: 770: 758: 746: 734: 724: 707: 703: 701: 689: 675: 673: 657: 645: 642:Atharva Veda 640: 634: 629: 615: 599: 589: 585: 579: 577: 560:caste system 528:non-violence 520: 517: 509: 490: 485: 471: 465: 455: 449: 446: 441: 436:Introduction 430: 424: 412: 410: 400: 388: 378: 373: 368: 364: 360: 356: 353: 328: 323: 319: 317: 311:attending a 289: 287: 282: 275:Sirohi State 256: 215: 213: 208: 204: 193: 154: 147:enlightening 133: 132: 131: 18: 3959:22 February 3954:India Today 3931:22 February 3905:22 February 3867:(1): 2–30. 3790:24 November 3752:24 November 3689:24 November 2828:29 November 2654:hate speech 2397:, and some 2389:Mahabharata 2381:Mahabharata 2376:Mahabharata 2141:(including 2137:at stake); 2121:), and the 2091:Mahabharata 2033:calls it). 1971:Saptarishis 1915:subsistence 1904:system, in 1702:Vanaprastha 1696:(student), 1673:Vayu Purana 1650:Mahabharata 1262:Kali Purana 1249:advocating 1213:concept of 1185:untouchable 1183:: even the 1089:Parashurama 1075:Mahabharata 945:Vaishnavite 900:jnana-kanda 894:karma-kanda 787:black magic 769:), and the 709:Anukramanis 704:apaurusheya 677:apaurusheya 659:Manu Smriti 544:polytheists 540:monotheists 497:Hindu texts 247:Ambedkarite 227:Maharashtra 169:Hindu texts 145:, aimed at 112:Series ISBN 68:non-fiction 4114:Categories 4029:Hari Narke 3813:(6): 340. 3705:Gopal Guru 2781:. Gautam. 2660:References 2603:S. V. Raju 2586:Aurangabad 2564:candidate 2549:Janata Dal 2529:Vile Parle 2477:newspaper 2443:Duryodhana 2435:svayamvara 2351:twice-born 2306:Vibhishana 2139:alcoholism 2123:Ashvamedha 2094:, and the 2031:the Buddha 2023:fraternity 2013:John Dewey 1997:Manusmriti 1959:Manvantara 1785:Manusmriti 1783:) castes. 1777:Manusmriti 1742:Aranamanas 1734:Manusmriti 1710:Manusmriti 1670:, and the 1642:Manusmriti 1624:Yajur Veda 1543:Manusmriti 1518:Manusmriti 1466:Mahavidyas 1358:Dattatreya 1335:Yajur Veda 1329:Taittiriya 1312:Brahaspati 1231:revelation 1223:Manusmriti 1219:Manusmriti 1161:bestiality 1143:, such as 1035:Quoting a 877:Badarayana 809:revelation 778:Yajur Veda 772:Ashvamedha 731:Brahaspati 682:infallible 654:Upanishads 581:Manusmriti 556:Mant Mauli 548:pantheists 532:Christians 478:Vedic gods 211:) series. 125:1003286723 3925:Madhyamam 3881:248595384 2605:, in his 2491:Shiv Sena 2457:Reception 2394:Harivamsa 2322:Lakshmana 2314:fire test 2287:Ramayana' 2086:Siddhanta 2074:Kali Yuga 2058:Brahmaism 1989:Shatarupa 1874:Kali Yuga 1809:pratiloma 1805:Kshatriya 1796:pratiloma 1698:Grihastha 1661:Harivamsa 1575:Patanjali 1501:good life 1447:expiation 1435:Sanskaras 1366:Sarasvati 1345:'s essay 1112:Sarasvati 987:Buddhists 955:Shaivites 650:Brahmanas 622:Prajapati 606:ex-nihilo 458:Brahmanic 417:enlighten 379:In 1988, 295:President 277:. There, 231:Shiv Sena 173:criticize 165:Brahmanic 73:Publisher 4031:(eds.). 3643:(2009). 2806:(eds.). 2642:Hindutva 2635:rhetoric 2597:Amravati 2533:Hindutva 2480:Loksatta 2431:Subhadra 2415:Rasalila 2385:Pandavas 2337:Shambuka 2310:chastity 2262:Ramayana 2243:Ramayana 2215:Ramayana 2206:Ramayana 2135:Draupadi 2131:Pandavas 2025:(as the 2001:creation 1759:Chandala 1726:and the 1706:Sannyasa 1646:Ramayana 1618:and the 1606:Rig Veda 1583:Maitreyi 1559:property 1551:misogyny 1516:and the 1497:creation 1470:Matrikas 1454:Shaktism 1382:adultery 1362:Trimurti 1308:Charvaka 1181:butchers 1165:drinking 1145:gambling 1085:Ramayana 1000:Rig Veda 983:idolatry 936:Ramayana 913:Trimurti 759:Rig Veda 747:Rig Veda 735:Rig Veda 727:Charvaka 631:Rig Veda 586:sanatana 534:and the 423:, while 407:Contents 397:S. Anand 340:bailiffs 302:Varanasi 271:bungalow 187:and the 177:Hinduism 161:European 37:Language 3846:1466031 3819:4402382 3721:4398126 2593:Maratha 2485:Chaufer 2447:Dvaraka 2420:Rukmini 2399:Puranas 2371:Krishna 2359:Agastya 2355:tapasya 2342:tapasya 2318:Ayodhya 2255:apsaras 2247:vanaras 2225:Shringa 2201:Valmiki 2118:skambha 1924:in the 1922:Krishna 1882:gomedha 1828:Magadha 1801:Vaishya 1790:anuloma 1781:sankara 1714:Shudras 1690:ashrama 1622:of the 1614:), the 1482:Dakinis 1478:Yoginis 1474:Nayikas 1458:Tantras 1431:Smritis 1420:Shrauta 1386:Anusuya 1374:Parvati 1370:Lakshmi 1364:gods - 1333:of the 1331:Samhita 1304:Vedanta 1247:Puranas 1211:Tantric 1163:); and 1116:Lakshmi 941:avatars 873:Jaimini 840:Puranas 825:suicide 791:sorcery 767:Indrani 715:Jaimini 664:Puranas 646:samhita 636:samhita 618:Purusha 591:pralaya 536:Muslims 486:sanatan 473:sanatan 467:sanatan 334:her an 239:burning 235:Maratha 222:Krishna 156:sanatan 55:Subject 41:English 4068: 4044: 4016: 3879: 3844: 3817: 3781: 3719: 3661: 2819: 2785: 2656:laws. 2624:Bombay 2509:. The 2507:Dalits 2495:Mumbai 2427:Arjuna 2391:, the 2347:dharma 2296:8.12. 2251:Brahma 2239:niyoga 2235:Vishnu 2230:pindas 2167:Shudra 2159:Dasyus 2153:, and 2151:Rishis 2147:niyoga 2102:divine 2088:, the 2062:Brahma 2054:varnas 2046:Brahma 1738:Aranas 1664:, the 1658:, the 1652:, the 1648:, the 1644:, the 1640:, the 1634:, the 1630:, the 1626:, the 1571:Panini 1495:, the 1462:Shakti 1378:Narada 1372:, and 1227:Shruti 1206:ahimsa 1159:, and 1149:incest 1108:asuras 1043:Daksha 1012:Varuna 923:, and 921:Vishnu 917:Brahma 813:Smriti 804:shruti 755:Pushan 739:incest 737:about 656:, the 652:, the 648:, the 639:, the 596:Brahma 503:as an 403:text. 331:Savita 151:Hindus 137:is an 47:Series 27:Author 4062:(PDF) 4038:(PDF) 3877:S2CID 3842:JSTOR 3815:JSTOR 3717:JSTOR 2813:(PDF) 2515:Dalit 2439:Bhima 2407:Gopis 2183:yugas 2155:Devas 2082:Garga 1967:Indra 1902:varna 1878:yugas 1833:varna 1602:varna 1579:Gargi 1555:slave 1339:Rudra 1201:himsa 1047:yajna 1024:Surya 1010:, or 1004:Indra 947:text 925:Shiva 765:and 763:Indra 751:Surya 626:Indra 601:kalpa 493:Vedas 313:yajna 197:Delhi 189:caste 185:varna 181:Vedas 98:India 65:Genre 4066:ISBN 4042:ISBN 4014:ISBN 3961:2023 3933:2023 3907:2023 3792:2022 3779:ISBN 3754:2022 3691:2022 3659:ISBN 2830:2022 2817:ISBN 2783:ISBN 2463:BAWS 2301:Vali 2266:Sita 2211:Rama 2143:Soma 2078:yuga 1963:Manu 1854:rape 1740:(or 1581:and 1573:and 1547:Manu 1493:self 1439:Yama 1310:and 1271:Kali 1169:diet 1114:and 1057:Rama 1020:Agni 1008:Soma 885:self 829:Sati 789:and 753:and 743:soma 729:and 566:and 552:Pirs 546:and 526:and 482:Jews 401:BAWS 365:BAWS 269:, a 220:and 218:Rama 209:BAWS 149:the 119:OCLC 105:ISBN 89:1987 3993:doi 3869:doi 3651:doi 2875:doi 2637:." 2203:'s 2084:'s 2015:'s 1443:sin 1177:cow 1045:'s 831:). 757:), 387:as 245:by 171:to 4116:: 3987:. 3983:. 3952:. 3923:. 3898:. 3875:. 3865:25 3863:. 3838:67 3836:. 3811:30 3809:. 3771:. 3745:. 3729:^ 3713:26 3711:. 3682:. 3657:. 3616:^ 3601:^ 3580:^ 3539:^ 3500:^ 3459:^ 3420:^ 3403:^ 3374:^ 3359:^ 3292:^ 3261:^ 3198:^ 3169:^ 3150:^ 3087:^ 2952:^ 2937:^ 2869:. 2865:. 2853:^ 2838:^ 2752:^ 2630:. 1823:. 1676:. 1480:, 1476:, 1472:, 1468:, 1368:, 1337:, 1155:, 1151:, 1091:. 1066:. 1006:, 919:, 741:, 624:, 620:, 542:, 351:. 285:. 4074:. 4050:. 4022:. 4001:. 3995:: 3989:2 3963:. 3935:. 3909:. 3883:. 3871:: 3848:. 3821:. 3794:. 3756:. 3723:. 3693:. 3667:. 3653:: 2883:. 2877:: 2871:2 2832:. 2791:. 2272:( 1608:( 1229:( 807:( 363:( 207:(

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