758:
778:) in persons without a confirmed infection is recommended, because of the possible side effects of that treatment. First topical terbinafine medication (MOB-015) was launched in February 2024 in Sweden under the name Terclara. This medication recorded 76% mycological cure rate in two phase 3 studies. The topical property of this medication ensures that typical terbinafine side effects are not present (1000 times lower terbinafine levels in plasma). Roll-out in other countries will continue in the coming years.
878:
the authors say that terbinafine has a relatively benign adverse effect profile, with liver damage very rare, so it makes more sense cost-wise for the dermatologist to prescribe the treatment without doing the PAS test. (Another option would be to prescribe the treatment only if the potassium hydroxide test is positive, but it gives a false negative in about 20% of cases of fungal infection.) On the other hand, as of 2015 the price of topical (non-oral) treatment with
316:
641:(WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. It accounts for around 10 percent of onychomycosis cases. In some cases, WSO is a misdiagnosis of "keratins granulations" which are not a fungus, but a reaction to nail polish that can cause the nails to have a chalky white appearance. A laboratory test should be performed to confirm.
48:
308:
926:
A 2003 survey of diseases of the foot in 16 European countries found onychomycosis to be the most frequent fungal foot infection and estimated its prevalence at 27%. Prevalence was observed to increase with age. In Canada, the prevalence was estimated to be 6.48%. Onychomycosis affects approximately
909:
Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The
323:
The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath
877:
is used first and the PAS test is used only if the KOH test is negative, there is a good chance that the PAS will be done (because of either a true or a false negative with the KOH test). But the terbinafine treatment costs only $ 10 (plus an additional $ 43 for liver function tests). In conclusion
2439:
there was no statistical difference between the clotrimazole and TTO treatment groups in mycologic cure, clinical assessment, or patient subjective assessment of the nails. Although there was an 80% complete cure in the butenafine and TTO group, it was 0% in the TTO group at week 36. Trial design,
324:
and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. People with onychomycosis may experience significant
294:
Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population, with older people more frequently affected. Males are affected more often than females. Onychomycosis represents about half of nail disease. It was first determined to be the result of a fungal infection in 1853 by
2440:
longer treatment periods, incorporation into nanocapsules, or combination treatment with other antifungal agents may influence our future use of TTO for onychomycosis, but based on the present data we cannot recommend this treatment in clinical practice.
552:, longer exposure to fungi, nails which grow more slowly and thicken, and reduced immune function increasing susceptibility to infection. Nail fungus tends to affect men more often than women and is associated with a family history of this infection.
2838:
2823:
2557:
Verma S, Heffernan MP (2008). Superficial fungal infection: Dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, tinea nigra, piedra. In K Wolff et al., eds., Fitzpatrick's
Dermatology in General Medicine, 7th ed., vol 2, pp. 1807–1821. New York: McGraw
2949:
567:(tinea pedis), minor skin or nail injury, damaged nail, or other infection, and having diabetes, circulation problems, which may also lead to lower peripheral temperatures on hands and feet, or a weakened immune system.
1857:"Efficacy and safety of topical terbinafine 10% solution (MOB-015) in the treatment of mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study"
822:
Topical ciclopirox results in a cure in 6% to 9% of cases. Ciclopirox when used with terbinafine appears to be better than either agent alone. Although eficonazole, P-3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer), and
910:
risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant. Diabetics have vascular and nerve impairment, and are at risk of
2942:
793:
by mouth is not recommended due to side effects. Oral terbinafine is better tolerated than itraconazole. For superficial white onychomycosis, systemic rather than topical antifungal therapy is advised.
819:, led to cure rates two or three times better than the next-best topical treatment, ciclopirox. In trials, about 17% of people were cured using efinaconazole, as opposed to 4% of people using placebo.
789:(48% effective). They share characteristics that enhance their effectiveness: prompt penetration of the nail and nail bed, and persistence in the nail for months after discontinuation of therapy.
993:
treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. There is also ongoing development in
2609:
Gupta AK, Konnikov N, MacDonald P, Rich P, Rodger NW, Edmonds MW, et al. (October 1998). "Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: a multicentre survey".
2652:
Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Jain HC, Sibbald RG, Elewski BE, Daniel CR, et al. (May 1997). "A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: a multicentre study".
2935:
533:
Other molds more commonly affect people older than 60 years, and their presence in the nail reflects a slight weakening in the nail's ability to defend itself against fungal invasion.
5202:
761:
A person's foot with a fungal nail infection ten weeks into a course of terbinafine oral medication. Note the band of healthy (pink) nail growth behind the remaining infected nails.
291:, but there is no evidence that it works. The condition returns in up to half of cases following treatment. Not using old shoes after treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence.
2505:
Burzykowski T, Molenberghs G, Abeck D, Haneke E, Hay R, Katsambas A, et al. (December 2003). "High prevalence of foot diseases in Europe: results of the
Achilles Project".
898:
563:, wearing socks and shoes that hinder ventilation and do not absorb perspiration, going barefoot in damp public places such as swimming pools, gyms and shower rooms, having
6222:
1968:"Nizoral (ketoconazole) Oral Tablets: Drug Safety Communication - Prescribing for Unapproved Uses including Skin and Nail Infections Continues; Linked to Patient Death"
682:
species invasion of the fingernails, usually occurring in persons who frequently immerse their hands in water. This normally requires the prior damage of the nail by
5326:
6576:
6232:
3442:
1544:
Shemer A, Davidovici B, Grunwald MH, Trau H, Amichai B (January 2009). "New criteria for the laboratory diagnosis of nondermatophyte moulds in onychomycosis".
914:, a potentially serious bacterial infection; any relatively minor injury to feet, including a nail fungal infection, can lead to more serious complications.
6571:
5195:
757:
2570:
2169:
1993:
Haugh M, Helou S, Boissel JP, Cribier BJ (July 2002). "Terbinafine in fungal infections of the nails: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials".
6247:
6227:
5647:
2167:
Gupta AK, Paquet M (2014). "Efinaconazole 10% nail solution: a new topical treatment with broad antifungal activity for onychomycosis monotherapy".
4809:
4493:
2036:
Baran R, Faergemann J, Hay RJ (November 2007). "Superficial white onychomycosis--a syndrome with different fungal causes and paths of infection".
1701:
6207:
3749:
65:
5748:
5188:
1026:
4724:
4464:
4460:
1967:
602:
appear more useful than culture or direct KOH examination. To reliably identify nondermatophyte molds, several samples may be necessary.
6184:
6065:
5753:
5733:
5702:
5925:
5672:
3531:
328:
problems due to the appearance of the nail, particularly when fingers – which are always visible – rather than toenails are affected.
6189:
5948:
5738:
5728:
4674:
4030:
3432:
1819:
1596:
1272:
809:. Some topical treatments need to be applied daily for prolonged periods (at least one year). Topical amorolfine is applied weekly.
1641:
4709:
4488:
4483:
4190:
3541:
644:
1928:"Update on the management of onychomycosis: highlights of the Third Annual International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy"
1159:
6349:
6060:
4814:
4455:
4180:
1687:
1669:
638:
870:
5371:
4185:
3500:
3126:
856:
is not recommended as a treatment on present data. It was found to irritate the surrounding skin in some trial participants.
614:
6339:
575:
The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing. The four main tests are a
5997:
4529:
3693:
3384:
3221:
3236:
6252:
6155:
5077:
3860:
3615:
3306:
2719:
2702:
2694:
2072:
6022:
5149:
3610:
3141:
3096:
1673:
442:
259:
124:
2221:
386:
and nondermatophytic molds are more frequently involved in the tropics and subtropics with a hot and humid climate.
382:. Dermatophytes are the fungi most commonly responsible for onychomycosis in the temperate western countries; while
6486:
6454:
6282:
5765:
5697:
5506:
5366:
5361:
4255:
4197:
3963:
3683:
2714:
599:
406:
5396:
6476:
6167:
5466:
4985:
3885:
591:. The sample examined is generally nail scrapings or clippings. These being from as far up the nail as possible.
588:
537:
336:
that sometimes form as a result of a fungus infection in another part of the body. This could take the form of a
1495:"Meta-analysis of the utility of culture, biopsy, and direct KOH examination for the diagnosis of onychomycosis"
6381:
6365:
6179:
6037:
4992:
4554:
4234:
3728:
3374:
3311:
3206:
2853:
2266:
Foley K, Gupta AK, Versteeg S, Mays R, Villanueva E, John D, et al. (Cochrane Skin Group) (January 2020).
418:
412:
6528:
2493:
548:
Advancing age (usually over the age of 60) is the most common risk factor for onychomycosis due to diminished
2242:
1481:
6481:
6359:
6292:
6125:
5809:
5758:
5554:
5476:
5073:
5036:
4978:
4903:
4878:
4872:
4669:
4361:
4283:
3993:
3688:
3407:
3379:
3009:
1330:
Szepietowski JC, Reich A (July 2009). "Stigmatisation in onychomycosis patients: a population-based study".
989:
Research suggests that fungi are sensitive to heat, typically 40–60 °C (104–140 °F). The basis of
436:
82:
2568:
Vender, Ronald B.; Lynde, Charles W.; Poulin, Yves (2006). "Prevalence and epidemiology of onychomycosis".
901:
found the cost for a 48-week efinaconazole course to be $ 178 for a big toe, and $ 89 for a different toe.
6376:
6070:
5987:
5905:
5895:
5682:
5677:
5431:
5101:
5032:
4771:
4760:
4689:
4679:
4664:
4570:
4535:
4507:
4472:
4444:
4262:
3968:
3880:
3196:
944:
673:
430:
170:
145:
1416:
1373:
Chi CC, Wang SH, Chou MC (November 2005). "The causative pathogens of onychomycosis in southern Taiwan".
1301:
1290:
6546:
6461:
6324:
6277:
6217:
6120:
6007:
5770:
5642:
5521:
5376:
4844:
4592:
4248:
4023:
3870:
3797:
3485:
3019:
2999:
270:
1740:
699:
In many cases of suspected nail fungus there is actually no fungal infection, but only nail deformity.
4622:
1103:
Westerberg DP, Voyack MJ (December 2013). "Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment".
6429:
6370:
6132:
5637:
5619:
5614:
5574:
5247:
5018:
5008:
4822:
4719:
4714:
4578:
4501:
4440:
3216:
3014:
2989:
994:
742:
727:
2927:
344:
in an area of the body that is not infected with the fungus. Dermatophytids can be thought of as an
266:. The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing.
6411:
6400:
6313:
6267:
6242:
6160:
5943:
5692:
5609:
5588:
5496:
5491:
5391:
5130:
4858:
4850:
4684:
4276:
3938:
3875:
3850:
3824:
3678:
3656:
3251:
3211:
3131:
3121:
2842:
2476:
738:
623:
424:
396:
518:
species mainly cause fingernail onychomycosis in people whose hands are often submerged in water.
6449:
6439:
6329:
6027:
5838:
5791:
5780:
5657:
5511:
5336:
5314:
5042:
5024:
4840:
4836:
4753:
4746:
4704:
4450:
3787:
3651:
3536:
3495:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3186:
2677:
2634:
2591:
2540:
2194:
2018:
1732:
1569:
1398:
1355:
711:
72:
1443:
Frazier, Winfred Taylor; Santiago-Delgado, Zuleica M.; Kenneth C. Stupka, I. I. (October 2021).
6466:
6434:
6386:
6272:
6262:
6110:
6002:
5955:
5885:
5667:
5652:
5629:
5604:
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5169:
5154:
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4241:
4170:
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3301:
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3201:
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3004:
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2864:
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2626:
2583:
2532:
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2399:
2348:
2297:
2186:
2149:
2084:
2053:
2010:
1949:
1908:
1815:
1809:
1790:
1724:
1592:
1561:
1526:
1464:
1456:
1390:
1347:
1268:
1243:
1212:
Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Hawke K, Guo L, Kerin G, Bell-Syer SE, Magin P, et al. (July 2017).
1194:
1112:
1022:
928:
774:
medications, either topically or by mouth. Avoiding use of antifungal therapy by mouth (e.g.,
564:
549:
527:
345:
263:
251:
135:
128:
116:
60:
1262:
6344:
6308:
6042:
5624:
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5516:
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5309:
5278:
5107:
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5003:
4922:
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4648:
4420:
4356:
4016:
3943:
3792:
3698:
3646:
3516:
3291:
3226:
2781:
2771:
2661:
2618:
2575:
2522:
2514:
2389:
2379:
2338:
2328:
2287:
2279:
2178:
2139:
2131:
2045:
2002:
1939:
1898:
1890:
1780:
1716:
1553:
1516:
1506:
1382:
1339:
1233:
1225:
816:
221:
1444:
240:
of the lower leg. A number of different types of fungus can cause onychomycosis, including
6538:
6105:
6012:
5890:
5828:
5804:
5564:
5501:
5461:
5416:
5229:
4964:
4319:
4212:
4207:
4148:
4111:
3928:
3855:
3526:
3241:
3086:
3024:
2724:
1682:
1678:
723:
703:
687:
678:
370:
5242:
2915:
6444:
6424:
6303:
6212:
6099:
6075:
6017:
5992:
5915:
5900:
5880:
5833:
5819:
5712:
5662:
5381:
5212:
5092:
4909:
4766:
4616:
4605:
4584:
4478:
4143:
4061:
4043:
3988:
3978:
3895:
3437:
3265:
2786:
2759:
2665:
2394:
2367:
2343:
2316:
2292:
2267:
2144:
2119:
1645:
1521:
1494:
1238:
1213:
847:
667:
632:
580:
504:
498:
329:
315:
296:
277:
228:. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and
225:
4008:
2847:
6565:
6523:
6471:
6298:
5965:
5823:
5814:
5799:
5594:
5441:
5436:
5411:
5401:
5270:
5164:
5125:
5058:
4971:
4894:
4799:
4783:
4732:
4598:
4565:
4560:
4341:
4153:
4131:
3973:
3948:
3865:
3733:
3600:
3460:
3412:
3344:
3316:
2710:
2622:
2518:
2006:
1903:
1878:
1720:
1557:
1386:
1343:
915:
879:
827:
are effective at treating fungal infection of toenails, complete cure rates are low.
812:
806:
707:
487:
379:
255:
120:
2638:
2595:
2544:
2317:"The effectiveness of lasers in the treatment of onychomycosis: a systematic review"
2198:
2022:
1736:
1573:
1402:
1359:
655:
in healthy people, but is found more commonly when the patient is immunocompromised.
17:
6493:
6354:
6257:
6174:
6150:
6142:
5848:
5842:
5531:
5481:
5426:
5386:
5356:
5346:
5321:
5291:
5283:
5220:
4954:
4915:
4864:
4804:
4375:
4369:
4325:
4269:
4202:
4165:
4160:
4127:
4106:
3918:
3490:
3470:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3111:
2904:
2681:
2283:
2135:
1785:
1768:
1229:
997:, which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.
853:
790:
782:
556:
401:
394:
When onychomycosis is due to a dermatophyte infection, it is termed tinea unguium.
365:
333:
325:
241:
885:
The cost of efinaconazole treatment can be reduced to $ 65 per 1-month dose using
2858:
1616:
6287:
5970:
5910:
5486:
5451:
5446:
5406:
5331:
5265:
5252:
4939:
4793:
4654:
4610:
4521:
4311:
3953:
3778:
3480:
3146:
2888:
886:
840:
836:
786:
775:
771:
663:
659:
510:
492:
440:. A common outdated name that may still be reported by medical laboratories is
288:
273:
229:
183:
111:
5180:
2869:
2737:
2419:"Over-the-counter and natural remedies for onychomycosis: do they really work?"
2049:
1944:
1927:
236:
may be affected, but it is more common for toenails. Complications may include
6498:
6318:
6237:
5960:
5858:
5304:
5257:
5234:
5159:
5142:
4934:
4828:
4694:
4431:
4411:
4350:
4097:
4070:
3913:
3754:
3631:
3349:
3321:
3091:
2910:
2832:
1769:"Cost-effectiveness of Confirmatory Testing Before Treatment of Onychomycosis"
1511:
1313:
911:
824:
802:
798:
746:
648:
628:
284:
237:
233:
187:
178:
158:
154:
88:
1460:
869:
According to a 2015 study, the cost in the United States of testing with the
6518:
5975:
5920:
5863:
5853:
5720:
5559:
5540:
5351:
5296:
4949:
4084:
3958:
3908:
3672:
3259:
3231:
3136:
2971:
2899:
2579:
2182:
2120:"Topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot"
2092:
1856:
1318:
932:
781:
Medications that may be taken by mouth include terbinafine (76% effective),
734:
683:
584:
560:
479:
357:
194:
150:
2795:
2587:
2536:
2434:
2418:
2403:
2352:
2333:
2301:
2268:"Topical and device-based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails"
2190:
2153:
2088:
2057:
2014:
1794:
1728:
1565:
1530:
1468:
1394:
1351:
1247:
1198:
1116:
2673:
2630:
1953:
1912:
1615:
Tosti, Antonella (31 Jul 2018). Elston, Dirk M; Vinson, Richard P (eds.).
850:
is unclear as the evidence is of low quality and varies by type of laser.
647:
is fungal penetration of the newly formed nail plate through the proximal
6510:
6419:
6334:
5980:
5875:
5870:
5579:
5545:
5341:
5136:
4699:
4079:
3983:
3605:
3585:
3521:
3475:
3417:
3354:
3296:
3116:
3065:
2994:
1894:
874:
719:
576:
246:
1835:
404:
involved in onychomycosis. Other dermatophytes that may be involved are
47:
5935:
4515:
4402:
4396:
4391:
4056:
4051:
4039:
3782:
3636:
3546:
3465:
3452:
3402:
3331:
3055:
3050:
3045:
2776:
2384:
523:
276:
taken by mouth appears to be the most effective but is associated with
2815:
1814:(10 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. Chapter 33.
882:
was $ 2307 per nail, so testing is recommended before prescribing it.
540:
can cause damaged toenails to become thick, discolored & brittle.
307:
4136:
4075:
3394:
3339:
3106:
3101:
3075:
2984:
2827:
595:
467:
361:
280:. Trimming the affected nails when on treatment also appears useful.
2527:
733:
Other conditions that may appear similar to onychomycosis include:
4638:
4217:
4066:
3060:
990:
756:
715:
459:
455:
375:
314:
306:
2452:
6090:
4088:
3641:
3160:
2979:
1185:
Rodgers P, Bassler M (February 2001). "Treating onychomycosis".
463:
341:
337:
5184:
4012:
2931:
2703:
2695:
973:
966:
960:
953:
947:
269:
Onychomycosis does not necessarily require treatment. The
77:
White or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail
2222:"A Closer Look At A New Topical Option For Onychomycosis"
1767:
Mikailov A, Cohen J, Joyce C, Mostaghimi A (March 2016).
1879:"Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management"
1493:
Velasquez-Agudelo V, Cardona-Arias JA (February 2017).
1438:
1436:
2477:"Table 5, CDR Cost Comparison Table for Onychomycosis"
1214:"Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis"
1674:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2805:
2738:"Device-based Therapies for Onychomycosis Treatment"
2118:
Crawford F, Hollis S (July 2007). Crawford F (ed.).
899:
526:, though it persists if they later move to areas of
470:
to humans, it generally infects skin and not nails.
140:
Based on appearance, confirmed by laboratory testing
6537:
6509:
6410:
6399:
6200:
6141:
6088:
6053:
5934:
5790:
5779:
5711:
5539:
5530:
5219:
5118:
5091:
5057:
5002:
4948:
4933:
4893:
4782:
4637:
4546:
4430:
4419:
4410:
4390:
4340:
4297:
4226:
4120:
4105:
4096:
4050:
3927:
3894:
3838:
3823:
3814:
3771:
3742:
3721:
3712:
3665:
3624:
3593:
3582:
3575:
3564:
3509:
3451:
3393:
3330:
3250:
3179:
3168:
3159:
3074:
3038:
2970:
2963:
2879:
2809:
2368:"Laser Therapy for Onychomycosis: Fact or Fiction?"
1589:
203:
193:
177:
165:
144:
134:
110:
102:
94:
81:
71:
59:
37:
32:
843:of the affected nail appears to improve outcomes.
6223:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
2958:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
1417:"What is nail psoriasis, and how can I treat it?"
1264:Onychomycosis: Diagnosis and Effective Management
889:, bringing the treatment cost to $ 715 per nail.
559:heavily, being in a humid or moist environment,
5327:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
2417:Halteh P, Scher RK, Lipner SR (November 2016).
2113:
2111:
2109:
610:There are five classic types of onychomycosis:
2038:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1291:NHS Choices: Symptoms of fungal nail infection
6233:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
5196:
4024:
3443:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
2943:
1700:Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J (March 2003).
462:; though this fungus may be transmitted from
8:
3097:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
730:, laboratory confirmation may be necessary.
2758:Piraccini BM, Alessandrini A (March 2015).
2272:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2124:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1762:
1760:
1702:"Guidelines for treatment of onychomycosis"
1261:Rigopoulos D, Elewski B, Richert B (2018).
1218:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1017:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
873:(PAS) was about $ 148. Even if the cheaper
6407:
5787:
5536:
5203:
5189:
5181:
4945:
4427:
4416:
4407:
4117:
4102:
4093:
4031:
4017:
4009:
3820:
3718:
3590:
3579:
3572:
3176:
3165:
2967:
2950:
2936:
2928:
2806:
1664:
1662:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1012:
1010:
658:Endonyx onychomycosis is characterized by
490:, in particular members of the mold genus
258:, exposure to someone with the condition,
123:, exposure to someone with the condition,
29:
4256:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
2785:
2775:
2571:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2526:
2393:
2383:
2342:
2332:
2291:
2211:Loceryl (5% amorolfine) package labelling
2170:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2143:
1943:
1902:
1784:
1520:
1510:
1237:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
311:A case of fungal infection of the big toe
41:Dermatophytic onychomycosis tinea unguium
6228:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
5648:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
2494:Mayo clinic – Nail fungus: complications
1482:Mayo Clinic – Nail fungus – risk factors
1160:"Onychomycosis – Dermatologic Disorders"
931:and is 56% more frequent in people with
319:Advanced fungal infection of the big toe
230:separation of the nail from the nail bed
4810:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4494:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
1006:
6208:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
3750:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2071:Rodgers P, Bassler M (February 2001).
1445:"Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review"
1610:
1608:
1286:
1284:
7:
6577:Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
6248:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
4725:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
4465:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
4461:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
2453:"Ortho Dermatologics Access Program"
6185:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
6066:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
5703:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
55:A toenail affected by onychomycosis
5926:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
5673:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
3532:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
2666:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6771624.x
2654:The British Journal of Dermatology
2611:The British Journal of Dermatology
2366:Liddell LT, Rosen T (April 2015).
2321:Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
1995:The British Journal of Dermatology
1926:Elewski BE, Hay RJ (August 1996).
1709:The British Journal of Dermatology
1546:The British Journal of Dermatology
1164:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1021:. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1135.
454:is now restricted to the agent of
25:
6572:Conditions of the skin appendages
6190:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
5949:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
3433:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2574:. 10 Suppl 2 (6_suppl): S28–S33.
651:. It is the least common form of
4710:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
4489:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
4484:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
4191:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
3542:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
2623:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x
2519:10.1046/j.0933-7407.2003.00933.x
2007:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04825.x
1721:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05242.x
1558:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08805.x
1387:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01152.x
1344:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01618.x
645:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
360:of onychomycosis are all in the
46:
6350:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
6061:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
4815:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
4456:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
4181:White superficial onychomycosis
3552:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
1811:Sauer's Manual of Skin Diseases
1688:American Academy of Dermatology
1670:American Academy of Dermatology
1644:. Cmecorner.com. Archived from
639:White superficial onychomycosis
5372:Malalignment of the nail plate
4186:Distal subungual onychomycosis
3793:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
3501:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
3127:Infantile digital fibromatosis
2284:10.1002/14651858.CD012093.pub2
2136:10.1002/14651858.CD001434.pub2
1786:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.4190
1230:10.1002/14651858.CD010031.pub2
918:is another rare complication.
615:Distal subungual onychomycosis
1:
5998:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
4530:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
3385:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
3222:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
1883:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
522:mainly affects people in the
6253:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
6156:Folliculitis nares perforans
5078:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
4571:South American blastomycosis
4566:North American blastomycosis
4171:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
3861:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3616:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3307:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1932:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1587:James WD, Berger TG (2006).
967:
954:
6023:Persistent edema of rosacea
5150:Granuloma gluteale infantum
4176:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
3142:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
617:is the most common form of
555:Other risk factors include
443:Trichophyton mentagrophytes
260:peripheral vascular disease
125:peripheral vascular disease
6593:
6455:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
6283:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
5698:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
5507:Staining of the nail plate
5367:Longitudinal erythronychia
5362:Lichen planus of the nails
4198:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
3964:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
2704:
2696:
2050:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.026
974:
961:
948:
871:periodic acid–Schiff stain
600:periodic acid-Schiff stain
496:(name recently changed to
6340:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
6168:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
5467:Pterygium inversum unguis
4986:Syncephalastrum racemosum
2760:"Onychomycosis: A Review"
2077:American Family Physician
1512:10.1186/s12879-017-2258-3
1449:American Family Physician
1267:. John Wiley & Sons.
1187:American Family Physician
1105:American Family Physician
1019:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
972:"fungus", and the suffix
846:As of 2014, evidence for
770:Most treatments are with
702:To avoid misdiagnosis as
631:and the underside of the
621:and is usually caused by
589:polymerase chain reaction
577:potassium hydroxide smear
54:
45:
6382:Uncombable hair syndrome
6366:Trichorrhexis invaginata
6180:Hidradenitis suppurativa
6038:Periorificial dermatitis
4993:Apophysomyces variabilis
4555:Blastomyces dermatitidis
4270:Trichophyton schoenleini
4235:Epidermophyton floccosum
3729:Thrombocytopenic purpura
3375:Dermatitis herpetiformis
3360:Acute contact dermatitis
3312:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
3237:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
3207:Lichen simplex chronicus
3087:Epidermal inclusion cyst
2073:"Treating onychomycosis"
1945:10.1093/clinids/23.2.305
1877:Elewski BE (July 1998).
1302:Mayo clinic: Nail fungus
897:In 2019, a study by the
419:Tricholosporum violaceum
413:Epidermophyton floccosum
378:), and nondermatophytic
6360:Trichomycosis axillaris
6293:Parakeratosis pustulosa
5810:Acne miliaris necrotica
5591:(male-pattern baldness)
5555:noncicatricial alopecia
5477:Purpura of the nail bed
5074:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
5037:Conidiobolus incongruus
4979:Lichtheimia corymbifera
4904:Cryptococcus neoformans
4873:Pseudallescheria boydii
4362:Malassezia folliculitis
4284:Trichophyton verrucosum
3994:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3989:Systemic histoplasmosis
3380:Porphyria cutanea tarda
3010:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2720:A Greek–English Lexicon
2580:10.2310/7750.2006.00056
2183:10.2310/7750.2013.13095
1681:: an initiative of the
1499:BMC Infectious Diseases
797:Topical agents include
250:. Risk factors include
6377:Trichostasis spinulosa
6071:Periorbital dermatitis
5988:Papulopustular rosacea
5906:Acne with facial edema
5896:Acne keloidalis nuchae
5683:Folliculitis decalvans
5678:Graham-Little syndrome
5432:Onychoptosis defluvium
5102:Rhinosporidium seeberi
5033:Conidiobolus coronatus
4772:Pneumocystis pneumonia
4761:Pneumocystis jirovecii
4690:Candidal onychomycosis
4680:Antibiotic candidiasis
4536:Paracoccidioidomycosis
4508:African histoplasmosis
4473:Histoplasma capsulatum
4445:Coccidioides posadasii
4263:Trichophyton tonsurans
3969:Cicatricial pemphigoid
3886:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3881:Folliculitis decalvans
2334:10.1186/1757-1146-7-34
2243:"Drugs at FDA: JUBLIA"
981:"functional disease".
762:
695:Differential diagnosis
674:Candidal onychomycosis
458:skin infection of the
320:
312:
171:anti-fungal medication
146:Differential diagnosis
6547:Sebaceous hyperplasia
6462:Granulosis rubra nasi
6325:Pityriasis amiantacea
6278:Loose anagen syndrome
6218:Bubble hair deformity
6008:Gram-negative rosacea
5771:Nevoid hypertrichosis
5643:Pseudopelade of Brocq
5522:Twenty-nail dystrophy
5397:Nail–patella syndrome
5377:Median nail dystrophy
4845:Phialophora verrucosa
4675:Chronic mucocutaneous
4593:Talaromyces marneffei
4249:Microsporum audouinii
3871:Loose anagen syndrome
3798:Necrobiosis lipoidica
3734:Actinic/solar purpura
3408:Insect bite reactions
3197:Seborrheic dermatitis
3020:Merkel-cell carcinoma
3000:Molluscum contagiosum
2711:Liddell, Henry George
2457:www.orthorxaccess.com
1591:. Saunders Elsevier.
916:Infection of the bone
785:(60% effective), and
760:
662:along with a lack of
486:and nondermatophytic
318:
310:
271:antifungal medication
6430:Miliaria crystalline
6371:Trichorrhexis nodosa
5638:cicatricial alopecia
5620:Alopecia neoplastica
5615:Trichorrhexis nodosa
5248:Yellow nail syndrome
5019:Basidiobolus ranarum
5009:Entomophthoramycosis
4823:Exophiala jeanselmei
4720:Systemic candidiasis
4715:Perianal candidiasis
4579:Sporothrix schenckii
4502:Histoplasma duboisii
4441:Coccidioides immitis
3694:Annulare centrifugum
3217:Glucagonoma syndrome
3015:Basal-cell carcinoma
2990:Seborrheic keratosis
2481:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2083:(4): 663–72, 677–8.
1895:10.1128/CMR.11.3.415
1193:(4): 663–72, 677–8.
995:photodynamic therapy
743:yellow nail syndrome
728:yellow nail syndrome
627:, which invades the
264:poor immune function
173:, trimming the nails
129:poor immune function
18:Ringworm of the nail
6529:Fox–Fordyce disease
6314:Pili pseudoannulati
6268:Lichen planopilaris
6243:Hair follicle nevus
6161:Tufted folliculitis
5944:Perioral dermatitis
5693:Triangular alopecia
5610:Lichen planopilaris
5589:Androgenic alopecia
5497:Splinter hemorrhage
5492:Shell nail syndrome
5337:Half and half nails
5131:Fungal folliculitis
4859:Geotrichum candidum
4851:Chromoblastomycosis
4695:Candidal paronychia
4685:Candidal intertrigo
4277:Trichophyton rubrum
3939:Aphthous stomatitis
3876:Lichen planopilaris
3851:Androgenic alopecia
3657:Fixed drug eruption
3232:Pemphigus foliaceus
3132:Granular cell tumor
2315:Bristow IR (2014).
739:green nail syndrome
624:Trichophyton rubrum
425:Microsporum gypseum
400:is the most common
397:Trichophyton rubrum
6450:Occlusion miliaria
6440:Miliaria pustulosa
6330:Plica neuropathica
6028:Rosacea conglobata
5839:Acne medicamentosa
5658:Traumatic alopecia
5512:Subungual hematoma
5043:Conidiobolomycosis
5025:Basidiobolomycosis
4841:Fonsecaea compacta
4837:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
4705:Diaper candidiasis
4451:Coccidioidomycosis
3959:Pemphigus vulgaris
3788:Granuloma annulare
3652:Carcinoid syndrome
3537:Tuberous sclerosis
3496:Coccidioidomycosis
3370:Bullous pemphigoid
3365:Pemphigus vulgaris
3297:Secondary syphilis
3187:Contact dermatitis
2880:External resources
2777:10.3390/jof1010030
2513:(11–12): 496–505.
2385:10.3390/jof1010044
763:
712:contact dermatitis
321:
313:
303:Signs and symptoms
66:Infectious disease
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6435:Miliaria profunda
6395:
6394:
6387:Woolly hair nevus
6273:Lichen spinulosus
6111:Trichilemmal cyst
6084:
6083:
6003:Glandular rosacea
5956:Phymatous rosacea
5886:Occupational acne
5668:Hot comb alopecia
5653:Pressure alopecia
5630:Alopecia mucinosa
5605:Traction alopecia
5600:Telogen effluvium
5178:
5177:
5170:Phaeohyphomycosis
5155:Hyalohyphomycosis
5087:
5086:
5053:
5052:
4889:
4888:
4633:
4632:
4386:
4385:
4351:Malassezia furfur
4336:
4335:
4306:Hortaea werneckii
4293:
4292:
4242:Microsporum canis
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3846:Telogen effluvium
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3708:
3707:
3560:
3559:
3428:Lichen spinulosus
3423:Keratosis pilaris
3302:Mycosis fungoides
3202:Stasis dermatitis
3192:Atopic dermatitis
3155:
3154:
3030:Trichoepithelioma
3005:Actinic keratosis
2925:
2924:
1672:(February 2013),
1028:978-1-4160-2999-1
943:The term is from
587:examination, and
550:blood circulation
528:temperate climate
452:T. mentagrophytes
346:allergic reaction
211:
210:
136:Diagnostic method
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6584:
6408:
6345:Setleis syndrome
6309:Pili multigemini
6043:Pyoderma faciale
5788:
5625:Anagen effluvium
5537:
5472:Pterygium unguis
5392:Muehrcke's lines
5279:Onychotillomania
5205:
5198:
5191:
5182:
5108:Rhinosporidiosis
5064:Microsporidiosis
5004:Entomophthorales
4946:
4923:Trichosporonosis
4649:Candida albicans
4623:Adiaspiromycosis
4428:
4417:
4408:
4357:Tinea versicolor
4118:
4103:
4094:
4040:Fungal infection
4033:
4026:
4019:
4010:
3944:Oral candidiasis
3821:
3719:
3647:Erythema nodosum
3591:
3580:
3573:
3517:Tinea versicolor
3355:Bullous impetigo
3292:Pityriasis rosea
3227:Lichen sclerosus
3212:Darier's disease
3177:
3166:
3122:Kaposi's sarcoma
2968:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2764:Journal of Fungi
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2734:
2728:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2530:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2372:Journal of Fungi
2363:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2115:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2091:. Archived from
2068:
2062:
2061:
2033:
2027:
2026:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1773:JAMA Dermatology
1764:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1739:. Archived from
1706:
1698:. Which cites:*
1697:
1696:
1694:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1327:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1121:
1120:
1100:
1033:
1032:
1014:
977:
976:
970:
964:
963:
957:
951:
950:
817:azole antifungal
737:, normal aging,
536:Nail injury and
478:Other causative
448:T. interdigitale
407:T. interdigitale
332:are fungus-free
222:fungal infection
216:, also known as
106:Fungal infection
50:
30:
21:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6551:
6533:
6505:
6402:
6391:
6364:Trichorrhexis (
6196:
6137:
6106:Epidermoid cyst
6080:
6049:
6013:Steroid rosacea
5930:
5891:Acne aestivalis
5829:Excoriated acne
5805:Acne conglobata
5782:
5775:
5707:
5544:
5526:
5502:Spotted lunulae
5462:Psoriatic nails
5417:Onychomatricoma
5230:Onychogryphosis
5215:
5213:skin appendages
5209:
5179:
5174:
5114:
5083:
5061:
5049:
5006:
4998:
4965:Rhizopus oryzae
4952:
4937:
4929:
4885:
4778:
4629:
4542:
4423:
4400:
4395:
4382:
4332:
4320:Piedraia hortae
4289:
4222:
4213:Tinea incognito
4208:Tinea imbricata
4112:Dermatophytosis
4109:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4007:
3998:
3930:
3923:
3890:
3856:Alopecia areata
3834:
3816:
3802:
3759:
3738:
3714:
3704:
3661:
3620:
3606:Viral exanthems
3584:
3568:
3566:
3556:
3527:Pityriasis alba
3505:
3447:
3389:
3326:
3246:
3242:Zinc deficiency
3172:
3170:
3151:
3079:
3070:
3034:
3025:Nevus sebaceous
2959:
2956:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2875:
2874:
2818:
2804:
2803:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2725:Perseus Project
2693:
2689:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2278:(1): CD012093.
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2130:(3): CD001434.
2117:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1808:Hall B (2012).
1807:
1806:
1802:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1683:ABIM Foundation
1679:Choosing Wisely
1668:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1617:"Onychomycosis"
1614:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1224:(7): CD010031.
1211:
1210:
1206:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1166:. February 2017
1158:
1157:
1124:
1102:
1101:
1036:
1029:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1003:
987:
941:
924:
907:
895:
867:
862:
848:laser treatment
833:
768:
755:
697:
608:
573:
546:
476:
392:
354:
348:to the fungus.
305:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6564:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6469:
6467:Ross' syndrome
6464:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6445:Miliaria rubra
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6425:Colloid milium
6416:
6414:
6405:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6304:Pili bifurcati
6301:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Koenen's tumor
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6213:Acroosteolysis
6210:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6147:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6117:Steatocystoma
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6100:Sebaceous cyst
6095:
6093:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6076:SAPHO syndrome
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Ocular rosacea
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5993:Lupoid rosacea
5990:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5940:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5916:Acne necrotica
5913:
5908:
5903:
5901:Acne mechanica
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:Acne cosmetica
5878:
5873:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5846:
5836:
5834:Acne fulminans
5831:
5826:
5820:Infantile acne
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5794:
5785:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5723:
5717:
5715:
5713:Hypertrichosis
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5663:Tumor alopecia
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5550:
5548:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5457:Plummer's nail
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5225:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5097:
5095:
5093:Mesomycetozoea
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5069:
5067:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5014:
5012:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4960:
4958:
4943:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4912:
4910:Cryptococcosis
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4879:Allescheriasis
4869:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4789:
4787:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4767:Pneumocystosis
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4644:
4642:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4617:Emmonsia parva
4613:
4608:
4606:Scedosporiosis
4603:
4602:
4601:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4585:Sporotrichosis
4575:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Histoplasmosis
4469:
4468:
4467:
4458:
4453:
4436:
4434:
4425:
4414:
4405:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4154:Dermatophytids
4151:
4144:Tinea corporis
4141:
4140:
4139:
4124:
4122:
4115:
4100:
4091:
4062:dermatomycosis
4048:
4047:
4044:mesomycetozoea
4038:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3979:Coxsackievirus
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3691:
3689:Gyratum repens
3686:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:Toxic erythema
3608:
3603:
3601:Drug eruptions
3597:
3595:
3588:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3438:Lichen nitidus
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3340:Herpes simplex
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3174:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2850:
2835:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:Classification
2802:
2801:
2750:
2729:
2687:
2644:
2601:
2560:
2550:
2497:
2486:
2483:. 8 June 2019.
2468:
2444:
2429:(5): E16–E25.
2409:
2358:
2307:
2258:
2234:
2213:
2204:
2159:
2105:
2063:
2028:
1985:
1959:
1918:
1869:
1848:
1827:
1820:
1800:
1756:
1658:
1633:
1604:
1597:
1579:
1536:
1485:
1474:
1455:(4): 359–367.
1432:
1408:
1365:
1322:
1305:
1294:
1280:
1273:
1253:
1204:
1177:
1122:
1111:(11): 762–70.
1034:
1027:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
986:
983:
940:
937:
923:
920:
906:
903:
894:
891:
866:
863:
861:
858:
839:) or surgical
832:
829:
767:
764:
754:
751:
745:, and chronic
704:nail psoriasis
696:
693:
692:
691:
671:
668:hyperkeratosis
656:
642:
636:
607:
606:Classification
604:
572:
569:
565:athlete's foot
545:
542:
538:nail psoriasis
505:Scopulariopsis
499:Neoscytalidium
475:
472:
391:
388:
362:fungus kingdom
356:The causative
353:
350:
330:Dermatophytids
304:
301:
297:Georg Meissner
278:liver problems
252:athlete's foot
209:
208:
207:~10% of adults
205:
201:
200:
197:
191:
190:
181:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
148:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
117:Athlete's foot
114:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
79:
78:
75:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6589:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6524:Chromhidrosis
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6472:Hyperhidrosis
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Pili annulati
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Blepharophyma
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5824:Neonatal acne
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Tropical acne
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5800:Acne vulgaris
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:Hypotrichosis
5593:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Terry's nails
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:Onychoschizia
5440:
5438:
5437:Onychorrhexis
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5422:Onychomycosis
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Onychomadesis
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Onychoatrophy
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:Nail clubbing
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5211:Disorders of
5206:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:Keratomycosis
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Alternariosis
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5059:Microsporidia
5056:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4972:Mucor indicus
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4895:Basidiomycota
4892:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4800:Aspergillosis
4798:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4754:C. tropicalis
4751:
4749:
4748:
4747:C. lusitaniae
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4599:Talaromycosis
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Blastomycosis
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:Lacazia loboi
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:opportunistic
4398:
4393:
4389:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4342:Basidiomycota
4339:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:tinea capitis
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4011:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Lichen planus
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Onychomycosis
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Tinea capitis
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:Miscellaneous
3813:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:Nonblanchable
3711:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3563:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:Hypopigmented
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Acne vulgaris
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Lichen planus
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Herpes zoster
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Parapsoriasis
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2917:
2916:Onychomycosis
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2715:Scott, Robert
2712:
2708:
2700:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:(4): 665–71.
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2095:on 2008-05-14
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:(5): 879–82.
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:(1): 118–21.
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1974:. 19 May 2016
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1938:(2): 305–13.
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:(3): 415–29.
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1821:9781451148688
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1779:(3): 276–81.
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1746:on 2017-08-10
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:(3): 402–10.
1714:
1710:
1703:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1648:on 2011-07-08
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:0-7216-2921-0
1594:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:(6): 413–20.
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1314:Onychomycosis
1309:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:9781119226505
1270:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
984:
982:
980:
971:
969:
958:
956:
946:
945:Ancient Greek
938:
936:
934:
930:
927:one-third of
921:
919:
917:
913:
904:
902:
900:
892:
890:
888:
883:
881:
880:efinaconazole
876:
872:
865:United States
864:
859:
857:
855:
851:
849:
844:
842:
838:
830:
828:
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:Efinaconazole
810:
808:
807:efinaconazole
804:
800:
795:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
765:
759:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:lichen planus
705:
700:
694:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
672:
669:
666:or subungual
665:
661:
657:
654:
653:tinea unguium
650:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
619:tinea unguium
616:
613:
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582:
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541:
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444:
439:
438:
437:T. soudanense
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
399:
398:
390:Dermatophytes
389:
387:
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373:
372:
367:
366:dermatophytes
363:
359:
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302:
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279:
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267:
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261:
257:
256:nail diseases
253:
249:
248:
243:
242:dermatophytes
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:tinea unguium
215:
214:Onychomycosis
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:, nail trauma
160:
156:
152:
149:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
121:nail diseases
118:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
84:
83:Complications
80:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
33:Onychomycosis
31:
19:
6494:Hypohidrosis
6487:Palmoplantar
6355:Trichomegaly
6258:Kinking hair
6175:Hidradenitis
6151:Folliculitis
6143:Inflammation
6032:
5849:Halogen acne
5843:steroid acne
5689:
5636:
5553:
5482:Racquet nail
5452:Pincer nails
5427:Onychophosis
5421:
5387:Melanonychia
5357:Ingrown nail
5347:Hapalonychia
5322:Chevron nail
5292:Ingrown nail
5284:Onychophagia
5258:Azure lunula
5243:Beau's lines
5135:
5100:
5072:
5031:
5017:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4955:Mucormycosis
4916:Trichosporon
4914:
4902:
4871:
4865:Geotrichosis
4857:
4835:
4821:
4805:Aspergilloma
4792:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4670:Vulvovaginal
4647:
4615:
4591:
4577:
4553:
4528:
4514:
4500:
4471:
4439:
4424:(yeast+mold)
4392:Subcutaneous
4376:White piedra
4370:Trichosporon
4368:
4349:
4326:Black piedra
4318:
4304:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4203:Tinea faciei
4175:
4166:Tinea manuum
4161:Tinea cruris
4128:Tinea barbae
4107:Dermatophyte
3919:Ingrown nail
3903:
3491:Dermatophyte
3486:Gonococcemia
3471:Folliculitis
3112:Neurofibroma
3080:subcutaneous
2909:
2898:
2887:
2863:
2852:
2837:
2822:
2770:(1): 30–43.
2767:
2763:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2732:
2718:
2690:
2660:(5): 786–9.
2657:
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2460:. Retrieved
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2426:
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2412:
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2375:
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2324:
2320:
2310:
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2237:
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2216:
2207:
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2174:
2168:
2162:
2127:
2123:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2080:
2076:
2066:
2041:
2037:
2031:
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1994:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1971:
1962:
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1931:
1921:
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1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1830:
1810:
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1772:
1748:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1712:
1708:
1691:, retrieved
1677:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1588:
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1549:
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1539:
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1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1338:(4): 343–9.
1335:
1331:
1325:
1312:
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1263:
1256:
1221:
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1190:
1186:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1163:
1108:
1104:
1018:
988:
978:
965:
952:
942:
925:
922:Epidemiology
908:
896:
887:drug coupons
884:
868:
854:Tea tree oil
852:
845:
834:
821:
815:, a topical
811:
801:nail paint,
796:
791:Ketoconazole
783:itraconazole
780:
769:
732:
701:
698:
677:
652:
622:
618:
609:
593:
574:
554:
547:
544:Risk factors
535:
532:
519:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
483:
477:
451:
447:
441:
435:
431:T. tonsurans
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
402:dermatophyte
395:
393:
383:
369:
364:and include
355:
334:skin lesions
326:psychosocial
322:
293:
287:-containing
282:
268:
245:
217:
213:
212:
199:Often recurs
112:Risk factors
6477:Generalized
6288:Monilethrix
6089:Follicular
5971:Gnathophyma
5911:Pomade acne
5766:Prepubertal
5749:generalised
5745:Congenital
5734:generalised
5575:universalis
5487:Red lunulae
5447:Platonychia
5407:Onycholysis
5382:Mees' lines
5332:Green nails
5303:ungrouped:
5266:Koilonychia
5253:Leukonychia
5228:thickness:
4940:Zygomycosis
4794:Aspergillus
4740:C. glabrata
4655:Candidiasis
4611:Emmonsiosis
4522:Lobomycosis
4312:Tinea nigra
4227:By organism
4121:By location
4052:Superficial
3974:Herpesvirus
3954:Leukoplakia
3779:Scleroderma
3666:Specialized
3594:Generalized
3569:involvement
3481:Candidiasis
3173:involvement
3147:Myxoid cyst
2995:Acrochordon
2889:MedlinePlus
2743:23 December
1552:(1): 37–9.
1421:www.aad.org
841:debridement
837:keratolytic
787:fluconazole
776:terbinafine
766:Medications
714:, nail bed
664:onycholysis
660:leukonychia
594:Nail plate
520:Scytalidium
511:Aspergillus
493:Scytalidium
450:. The name
289:nail polish
283:There is a
274:terbinafine
234:Fingernails
184:Terbinafine
98:Older males
95:Usual onset
38:Other names
6566:Categories
6499:Anhidrosis
6319:Pili torti
6238:Hair casts
5961:Rhinophyma
5859:Bromoderma
5690:ungrouped:
5305:Paronychia
5277:behavior:
5235:Onychauxis
5160:Otomycosis
5143:Fusariosis
4935:Zygomycota
4829:Eumycetoma
4665:Esophageal
4432:Onygenales
4412:Ascomycota
4098:Ascomycota
3914:Paronychia
3755:Vasculitis
3679:Multiforme
3677:Erythema (
3632:Cellulitis
3583:Blanchable
3332:Blistering
3322:Ichthyosis
3180:Eczematous
3092:Hemangioma
2911:Patient UK
2865:DiseasesDB
2462:2021-08-10
2099:2007-09-18
1750:2014-08-01
1693:5 December
1652:2010-08-05
1505:(1): 166.
1426:2022-06-18
1001:References
912:cellulitis
835:Chemical (
825:tavaborole
803:amorolfine
799:ciclopirox
772:antifungal
747:paronychia
633:nail plate
557:perspiring
466:and their
285:ciclopirox
238:cellulitis
188:ciclopirox
179:Medication
159:paronychia
157:, chronic
155:dermatitis
153:, chronic
89:cellulitis
87:Lower leg
6539:Sebaceous
6519:Body odor
6482:Gustatory
6201:Ungrouped
6126:multiplex
6054:Ungrouped
5976:Metophyma
5921:Blackhead
5864:Chloracne
5854:Iododerma
5781:Acneiform
5754:localised
5739:patterned
5729:localised
5725:Acquired
5721:Hirsutism
5541:Hair loss
5352:Hook nail
5297:Anonychia
5119:Ungrouped
4950:Mucorales
4421:Dimorphic
4085:endothrix
4057:cutaneous
3909:Psoriasis
3817:disorders
3772:Indurated
3673:Urticaria
3625:Localized
3567:epidermal
3350:Varicella
3260:Psoriasis
3171:epidermal
3137:Leiomyoma
3039:Pigmented
2972:Epidermal
2900:eMedicine
1836:"MOB-015"
1461:1532-0650
1319:eMedicine
939:Etymology
933:psoriasis
929:diabetics
905:Prognosis
753:Treatment
735:psoriasis
684:infection
649:nail fold
585:histology
571:Diagnosis
561:psoriasis
480:pathogens
358:pathogens
204:Frequency
195:Prognosis
166:Treatment
151:Psoriasis
61:Specialty
6511:Apocrine
6420:Miliaria
6335:Poliosis
6033:variants
5981:Otophyma
5876:Tar acne
5871:Oil acne
5783:eruption
5759:X-linked
5580:Ophiasis
5560:Alopecia
5546:Baldness
5342:Hangnail
5137:Fusarium
4733:C. auris
4700:Candidid
4397:systemic
4149:Ringworm
4080:exothrix
3984:Syphilis
3931:membrane
3586:Erythema
3522:Vitiligo
3476:Impetigo
3453:Pustular
3418:Miliaria
3266:Corporis
3117:Xanthoma
3066:Melanoma
3046:Freckles
2905:derm/300
2796:29376897
2639:22038748
2596:74819774
2588:17204229
2545:20055970
2537:14641624
2528:1942/429
2435:28040821
2404:29376898
2353:25104974
2302:31978269
2199:10079807
2191:24800702
2154:17636672
2089:11237081
2058:17610995
2023:19682557
2015:12100193
1795:26716567
1737:33750748
1729:12653730
1621:Medscape
1574:42320540
1566:18764841
1531:28222676
1469:34652111
1403:43885361
1395:16262878
1360:26932678
1352:18793262
1248:28707751
1199:11237081
1117:24364524
985:Research
959:"nail",
875:KOH test
720:melanoma
718:such as
629:nail bed
482:include
254:, other
247:Fusarium
119:, other
73:Symptoms
6412:Eccrine
6121:simplex
5936:Rosacea
5841:(e.g.,
5570:totalis
5315:Chronic
5290:other:
5264:shape:
5241:color:
3783:morphea
3743:Papular
3722:Macular
3715:Purpura
3699:Ab igne
3684:Migrans
3637:Abscess
3565:Without
3547:Leprosy
3466:Rosacea
3403:Scabies
3395:Papular
3264:Tinea (
3252:Scaling
3056:Melasma
3051:Lentigo
2964:Growths
2859:D014009
2787:5770011
2723:at the
2682:5969796
2674:9205520
2631:9892911
2507:Mycoses
2395:5770012
2344:4124774
2293:6984586
2251:26 June
2145:7073424
1954:8842269
1913:9665975
1862:12 June
1841:13 June
1522:5320683
1375:Mycoses
1332:Mycoses
1239:6483327
679:Candida
581:culture
524:tropics
516:Candida
484:Candida
468:danders
384:Candida
371:Candida
224:of the
220:, is a
6403:glands
6297:Pili (
5565:areata
4137:Kerion
4076:Piedra
3929:Mucous
3825:Ulcers
3286:Faciei
3281:Manuum
3271:Cruris
3161:Rashes
3107:Lipoma
3102:Keloid
3076:Dermal
2985:Callus
2894:001330
2794:
2784:
2680:
2672:
2637:
2629:
2594:
2586:
2543:
2535:
2433:
2402:
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2327:: 34.
2300:
2290:
2227:21 May
2197:
2189:
2152:
2142:
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2056:
2021:
2013:
1978:20 May
1952:
1911:
1901:
1818:
1793:
1735:
1727:
1642:"AAPA"
1626:18 Jun
1595:
1572:
1564:
1529:
1519:
1467:
1459:
1401:
1393:
1358:
1350:
1271:
1246:
1236:
1197:
1170:2 June
1115:
1025:
893:Canada
805:, and
724:trauma
716:tumors
688:trauma
596:biopsy
508:, and
434:, and
376:yeasts
352:Causes
262:, and
169:None,
103:Causes
6401:Sweat
6133:Milia
6091:cysts
5310:Acute
4786:-like
4641:-like
4639:Yeast
4547:Other
4298:Other
4218:Favus
4067:Tinea
3276:Pedis
3061:Nevus
2870:13125
2848:110.1
2833:B35.1
2705:μύκης
2678:S2CID
2635:S2CID
2592:S2CID
2558:Hill.
2541:S2CID
2423:Cutis
2246:(PDF)
2195:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1904:88888
1744:(PDF)
1733:S2CID
1705:(PDF)
1570:S2CID
1399:S2CID
1356:S2CID
991:laser
975:-ωσις
968:mykēs
962:μύκης
831:Other
726:, or
598:with
488:molds
474:Other
460:mouse
456:favus
380:molds
5792:Acne
5532:Hair
5221:Nail
4784:Mold
4660:Oral
4401:and
4089:hair
4087:) =
4071:skin
4042:and
3896:Nail
3839:Hair
3642:Boil
3169:With
2980:Wart
2854:MeSH
2843:9-CM
2792:PMID
2745:2012
2697:ὄνυξ
2670:PMID
2627:PMID
2584:PMID
2533:PMID
2431:PMID
2400:PMID
2349:PMID
2298:PMID
2253:2014
2229:2015
2187:PMID
2150:PMID
2128:2007
2085:PMID
2054:PMID
2011:PMID
1980:2016
1950:PMID
1909:PMID
1864:2024
1843:2024
1816:ISBN
1791:PMID
1725:PMID
1695:2013
1628:2020
1593:ISBN
1562:PMID
1527:PMID
1465:PMID
1457:ISSN
1391:PMID
1348:PMID
1269:ISBN
1244:PMID
1222:2017
1195:PMID
1172:2018
1113:PMID
1023:ISBN
979:ōsis
955:onyx
949:ὄνυξ
860:Cost
464:mice
446:for
342:itch
338:rash
244:and
226:nail
4919:spp
4054:and
3576:Red
3078:and
2839:ICD
2824:ICD
2782:PMC
2772:doi
2662:doi
2658:136
2619:doi
2615:139
2576:doi
2523:hdl
2515:doi
2390:PMC
2380:doi
2339:PMC
2329:doi
2288:PMC
2280:doi
2179:doi
2140:PMC
2132:doi
2046:doi
2003:doi
1999:147
1972:FDA
1940:doi
1899:PMC
1891:doi
1781:doi
1777:152
1717:doi
1713:148
1554:doi
1550:160
1517:PMC
1507:doi
1453:104
1383:doi
1340:doi
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1234:PMC
1226:doi
686:or
676:is
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374:(
20:)
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