64:
44:
327:), typically measure 2 to 5 mm (up to 10 mm) in thickness and 5 to 15 cm in length. These branches has colours ranging from creamy white-greyish to greyish-brown and have surfaces that are either smooth or wrinkled, with some being sparsely
1409:
1278:
1317:
1174:
1103:
Fruticose
Roccellaceae, an anatomical-microscopical atlas and guide with a worldwide key and further notes on some crustose Roccellaceae or similar lichens
408:
present. They attach to surfaces using holdfasts, including a hypomedulla which usually appears brown to dark brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge.
1252:
953:
1353:
451:(the outer layer of the ascomata) initially contains algae and a cortex, but over time, the algae may be displaced, and the cortex eroded. The
993:
982:, the Sonoran species reviewed". In Bates, Scott T.; Bungartz, Frank; LĂĽcking, Robert; Herrea-Campos, Maria A.; Zambrano, Angel (eds.).
1110:
1366:
988:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 106. Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 309–318.
1414:
1399:
63:
1304:
263:
142:
1082:
species from
Galapagos and reflections on the evolution of the Roccellaceae (Arthoniales) on the "Enchanted Islands"".
909:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
259:
1322:
382:(the inner layer) is loosely structured above, having a byssoid (fibrous) or chalky texture, and below it becomes
1040:
Tehler, Anders; Irestedt, Martin; Wedin, Mats; Ertz, Damien (2009). "Origin, evolution and taxonomy of
American
1009:
Tehler, Anders; Irestedt, Martin; Bungartz, Frank; Wedin, Mats (2009). "Evolution and reproduction modes in the
566:
558:
546:
532:
524:
516:
504:
496:
490:(spore-bearing layer) itself is 70 to 90 ÎĽm high. Paraphysoids within the hymenium are sparsely branched,
480:
472:
461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
402:
384:
368:
352:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
826:
394:) area, often showing a (yellowish) brown colouration. These lichens primarily associate with the photobiont
806:
670:
620:
556:(flask-shaped), solitary, immersed in the thallus, and black, measuring about 0.1 mm in diameter. The
1404:
1127:
857:
700:
650:
776:
765:
710:
836:
755:
379:
745:
724:
660:
630:
640:
1371:
1332:
1200:
786:
718:
344:
880:
690:
585:
1244:
680:
396:
268:
159:
1358:
847:
816:
796:
597:
424:
391:
175:
58:
221:
1394:
1340:
1283:
1187:
1106:
989:
735:
593:
1053:
1022:
932:
922:
888:
288:
1345:
610:
105:
572:(thread-like), curved, measuring 16 to 21 by less than 1 ÎĽm. In terms of chemistry,
1231:
1239:
1165:
1179:
478:(upper layer of the ascomata) is about 40 to 50 ÎĽm high, brown, with intertwined
1388:
983:
927:
910:
1192:
273:
255:
151:
125:
43:
17:
985:
Biomonitoring, Ecology, and
Systematics of Lichens. Festschrift Thomas H. Nash III
423:, lateral, and circular in outline. They can be either immersed in the thallus or
385:
1309:
1265:
1159:
115:
1150:
454:
1057:
375:
95:
505:
481:
1226:
1213:
547:
497:
462:
420:
340:
306:
75:
525:
473:
403:
369:
298:
1291:
1144:
567:
553:
533:
487:
427:
with a constricted base and can reach up to 2.5 mm in diameter. The
412:
330:
314:
199:
559:
517:
486:(supporting structures in the hymenium) that are sparsely branched. The
446:
1257:
1026:
937:
581:
577:
491:
438:
353:
336:
322:
292:
210:
1270:
539:
430:
251:
229:
85:
1121:
1296:
1218:
958:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Chez H. Agasse. p. 334.
511:
363:
247:
188:
225:
1125:
1205:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
494:(translucent), and measure 1 to 2 ÎĽm in diameter. The
166:
522:(club-shaped), measuring 60 to 85 by 12 to 14 ÎĽm.
502:(layer beneath the hymenium) is distinct, dark brown,
1134:
435:of the apothecia is exposed, white, and features a
1078:Follmann, G.; Werner, B. (2000). "New saxicolous
538:(spindle-shaped), curved, smooth, contains three
347:, are present in many species within the genus.
319:, varying in shape from flattened to rounded (
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
390:(tightly packed cells) near the basal plate (
8:
510:, and does not extend into the medulla. The
27:Genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae
1410:Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
1122:
42:
31:
936:
926:
335:(powdery) or lacking pruina (epruinose).
1013:aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)".
542:(internal partitions), and are hyaline.
911:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
872:
952:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1805).
552:(asexual reproductive structures) are
7:
1333:62432c4c-947a-499f-8b99-eebf342df3ce
374:manner and are about 40 to 70
25:
311:branching. The main and terminal
1105:. Books on Demand. p. 234.
1101:Aptroot, A.; Schumm, F. (2011).
467:and is sometimes inconspicuous.
415:(spore-producing structures) of
62:
1044:(Roccellaceae, Ascomycetes)".
862:Follmann & B.Werner (2001)
841:B.Werner & Follmann (2000)
770:Follmann & B.Werner (2000)
729:B.Werner & Follmann (2000)
715:Follmann & B.Werner (2000)
1:
1046:Systematics and Biodiversity
264:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
831:Aptroot & Schumm (2011)
781:(J.Steiner) Follmann (1993)
750:Mies & M.Schultz (2004)
1431:
514:(spore-bearing cells) are
1084:Bibliotheca Lichenologica
1058:10.1017/S1477200009990065
928:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
181:
174:
157:
150:
59:Scientific classification
57:
50:
41:
34:
978:Tehler, Anders (2011). "
827:Roccella sanctae-helenae
366:that are arranged in an
295:that is either erect or
1415:Taxa described in 1805
1400:Arthoniomycetes genera
1011:Roccella galapagoensis
807:Roccella phycopsioides
701:Roccella galapagoensis
671:Roccella floribrassica
443:, pruinose layer. The
303:(hanging) with sparse
621:Roccella bajasurensis
564:(asexual spores) are
858:Roccella translucida
651:Roccella elisabethae
400:, with no secondary
345:asexual reproduction
843:– Galápagos Islands
777:Roccella maderensis
772:– Galápagos Islands
766:Roccella kappeniana
731:– Galápagos Islands
711:Roccella geniculata
681:Roccella fuciformis
419:are in the form of
362:lichens is made of
269:Roccella fuciformis
160:Roccella fuciformis
52:Roccella fuciformis
18:Roccella fuciformis
1027:10.1002/tax.582010
848:Roccella tinctoria
837:Roccella stipitata
817:Roccella phycopsis
797:Roccella montagnei
756:Roccella incurvata
262:by Swiss botanist
1382:
1381:
1341:Open Tree of Life
1128:Taxon identifiers
995:978-3-443-58085-8
746:Roccella hertelii
736:Roccella gracilis
725:Roccella glebaria
719:Galápagos Islands
661:Roccella floreana
631:Roccella botrytis
250:of 23 species of
239:
238:
146:
16:(Redirected from
1422:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1313:
1312:
1310:NHMSYS0001496522
1300:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1006:
1000:
999:
975:
960:
959:
949:
943:
942:
940:
930:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
889:Species Fungorum
877:
863:
853:
842:
832:
822:
812:
802:
792:
782:
771:
761:
751:
741:
730:
716:
706:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
646:
641:Roccella colonii
636:
626:
616:
576:lichens contain
569:
561:
549:
535:
527:
519:
507:
499:
483:
475:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
405:
387:
386:plectenchymatous
371:
355:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
258:. The genus was
233:
214:
203:
192:
141:
67:
66:
46:
32:
21:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1130:
1120:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
977:
976:
963:
955:Flore française
951:
950:
946:
908:
907:
903:
893:
891:
879:
878:
874:
870:
861:
851:
840:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
787:Roccella minuta
780:
769:
760:B.Werner (2000)
759:
749:
739:
728:
714:
705:Follmann (1968)
704:
695:B.Werner (2000)
694:
685:(L.) DC. (1805)
684:
675:B.Werner (2000)
674:
665:B.Werner (2000)
664:
654:
645:Follmann (2001)
644:
635:B.Werner (2000)
634:
624:
614:
611:Roccella albida
606:
586:aliphatic acids
571:
563:
551:
537:
529:
521:
509:
501:
485:
477:
466:
458:
450:
442:
434:
407:
389:
373:
357:
339:, reproductive
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
282:
220:
209:
198:
187:
170:
163:
140:
106:Arthoniomycetes
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1350:
1337:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1249:
1236:
1223:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1156:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1112:978-3000336898
1111:
1093:
1063:
1052:(3): 301–317.
1032:
1021:(2): 436–456.
1001:
994:
961:
944:
901:
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:
854:
844:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
762:
752:
742:
732:
721:
707:
697:
691:Roccella fusca
687:
677:
667:
657:
647:
637:
627:
617:
605:
602:
580:and β-orcinol
565:
557:
545:
531:
523:
515:
503:
495:
479:
471:
460:
455:proper exciple
452:
444:
436:
428:
401:
383:
367:
351:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
291:(shrub-like),
281:
278:
266:in 1805, with
254:in the family
237:
236:
235:
234:
215:
204:
193:
179:
178:
172:
171:
164:
155:
154:
148:
147:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Lichen genera
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1002:
997:
991:
987:
986:
981:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
962:
957:
956:
948:
945:
939:
934:
929:
924:
921:: 1060–1456.
920:
916:
912:
905:
902:
890:
886:
884:
876:
873:
867:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
811:Tehler (2010)
809:
808:
804:
799:
798:
794:
791:Tehler (2010)
789:
788:
784:
779:
778:
774:
768:
767:
763:
758:
757:
753:
748:
747:
743:
738:
737:
733:
727:
726:
722:
720:
713:
712:
708:
703:
702:
698:
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
673:
672:
668:
663:
662:
658:
655:Tehler (2004)
653:
652:
648:
643:
642:
638:
633:
632:
628:
625:Tehler (2009)
623:
622:
618:
615:Tehler (2009)
613:
612:
608:
607:
603:
601:
599:
595:
592:lichens grow
591:
587:
584:, as well as
583:
579:
575:
570:
562:
555:
550:
543:
541:
536:
528:
520:
513:
508:
500:
493:
489:
484:
476:
468:
465:
459:forms a thin
457:
449:
441:
433:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
406:
399:
398:
393:
388:
381:
377:
372:
365:
361:
356:
348:
346:
342:
338:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
294:
290:
286:
279:
277:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:circumscribed
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Roccellomyces
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:
180:
177:
173:
168:
162:
161:
156:
153:
149:
144:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1135:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1004:
984:
979:
954:
947:
918:
914:
904:
892:. Retrieved
882:
875:
856:
846:
835:
825:
815:
805:
795:
785:
775:
764:
754:
744:
734:
723:
709:
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
589:
573:
544:
506:carbonaceous
482:paraphysoids
469:
416:
410:
397:Trentepohlia
395:
359:
349:
284:
283:
274:type species
267:
256:Roccellaceae
242:
241:
240:
217:
207:Roccellopsis
206:
195:
184:
169:) DC. (1805)
158:
152:Type species
136:
135:
126:Roccellaceae
51:
35:
29:
1266:iNaturalist
1160:Wikispecies
938:10481/61998
894:26 December
881:"Synonymy:
821:Ach. (1810)
801:BĂ©l. (1834)
740:Bory (1828)
548:Conidiomata
498:hypothecium
463:parathecium
378:thick. The
307:dichotomous
287:presents a
280:Description
116:Arthoniales
1389:Categories
915:Mycosphere
868:References
852:DC. (1805)
526:Ascospores
474:epithecium
404:photobiont
370:anticlinal
341:propagules
222:E.A.Thomas
96:Ascomycota
92:Division:
1227:FloraBase
1175:AusLichen
554:pycnidial
421:apothecia
299:pendulous
289:fruticose
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
1395:Roccella
1292:MycoBank
1240:Fungorum
1180:30019785
1166:Roccella
1151:Q7353702
1145:Wikidata
1136:Roccella
1080:Roccella
1042:Roccella
980:Roccella
883:Roccella
590:Roccella
582:depsides
574:Roccella
568:filiform
534:fusiform
488:hymenium
417:Roccella
413:ascomata
392:holdfast
360:Roccella
331:pruinose
315:branches
285:Roccella
243:Roccella
185:Thamnium
176:Synonyms
137:Roccella
122:Family:
72:Domain:
36:Roccella
1284:1332618
1258:2592956
1090:: 1–18.
604:Species
598:on bark
594:on rock
578:orcinol
560:conidia
518:clavate
492:hyaline
447:exciple
425:sessile
380:medulla
337:Soredia
293:thallus
272:as the
252:lichens
211:Elenkin
196:Nemaria
132:Genus:
112:Order:
102:Class:
1372:147572
1354:PLANTS
1330:NZOR:
1271:175055
1219:1ROCEG
1109:
992:
439:rimose
364:hyphae
354:cortex
323:terete
232:(1953)
230:Tomas.
228:&
213:(1929)
202:(1909)
191:(1799)
145:(1805)
1367:WoRMS
1359:ROCCE
1346:67637
1323:72316
1279:IRMNG
1232:27553
1206:22882
1193:63S3G
1015:Taxon
540:septa
248:genus
246:is a
200:NavĂ s
189:Vent.
86:Fungi
1318:NCBI
1297:4769
1253:GBIF
1245:4769
1214:EPPO
1107:ISBN
990:ISBN
896:2020
530:are
512:asci
470:The
431:disc
411:The
350:The
343:for
226:Cif.
1305:NBN
1201:EoL
1188:CoL
1054:doi
1023:doi
933:hdl
923:doi
885:DC"
596:or
358:of
224:ex
143:DC.
1391::
1369::
1356::
1343::
1320::
1307::
1294::
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