53:
33:
316:), typically measure 2 to 5 mm (up to 10 mm) in thickness and 5 to 15 cm in length. These branches has colours ranging from creamy white-greyish to greyish-brown and have surfaces that are either smooth or wrinkled, with some being sparsely
1398:
1267:
1306:
1163:
1092:
Fruticose
Roccellaceae, an anatomical-microscopical atlas and guide with a worldwide key and further notes on some crustose Roccellaceae or similar lichens
397:
present. They attach to surfaces using holdfasts, including a hypomedulla which usually appears brown to dark brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge.
1241:
942:
1342:
440:(the outer layer of the ascomata) initially contains algae and a cortex, but over time, the algae may be displaced, and the cortex eroded. The
982:
971:, the Sonoran species reviewed". In Bates, Scott T.; Bungartz, Frank; LĂĽcking, Robert; Herrea-Campos, Maria A.; Zambrano, Angel (eds.).
1099:
1355:
977:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 106. Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 309–318.
1403:
1388:
52:
1293:
252:
131:
1071:
species from
Galapagos and reflections on the evolution of the Roccellaceae (Arthoniales) on the "Enchanted Islands"".
898:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
248:
1311:
371:(the inner layer) is loosely structured above, having a byssoid (fibrous) or chalky texture, and below it becomes
1029:
Tehler, Anders; Irestedt, Martin; Wedin, Mats; Ertz, Damien (2009). "Origin, evolution and taxonomy of
American
998:
Tehler, Anders; Irestedt, Martin; Bungartz, Frank; Wedin, Mats (2009). "Evolution and reproduction modes in the
555:
547:
535:
521:
513:
505:
493:
485:
479:(spore-bearing layer) itself is 70 to 90 ÎĽm high. Paraphysoids within the hymenium are sparsely branched,
469:
461:
450:
442:
434:
426:
418:
391:
373:
357:
341:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
815:
383:) area, often showing a (yellowish) brown colouration. These lichens primarily associate with the photobiont
795:
659:
609:
545:(flask-shaped), solitary, immersed in the thallus, and black, measuring about 0.1 mm in diameter. The
1393:
1116:
846:
689:
639:
765:
754:
699:
825:
744:
368:
734:
713:
649:
619:
629:
1360:
1321:
1189:
775:
707:
333:
869:
679:
574:
1233:
669:
385:
257:
148:
1347:
836:
805:
785:
586:
413:
380:
164:
47:
210:
1383:
1329:
1272:
1176:
1095:
978:
724:
582:
1042:
1011:
921:
911:
877:
277:
1334:
599:
94:
561:(thread-like), curved, measuring 16 to 21 by less than 1 ÎĽm. In terms of chemistry,
1220:
1228:
1154:
1168:
467:(upper layer of the ascomata) is about 40 to 50 ÎĽm high, brown, with intertwined
1377:
972:
916:
899:
1181:
262:
244:
140:
114:
32:
974:
Biomonitoring, Ecology, and
Systematics of Lichens. Festschrift Thomas H. Nash III
412:, lateral, and circular in outline. They can be either immersed in the thallus or
374:
1298:
1254:
1148:
104:
1139:
443:
1046:
364:
84:
494:
470:
1215:
1202:
536:
486:
451:
409:
329:
295:
64:
514:
462:
392:
358:
287:
1280:
1133:
556:
542:
522:
476:
416:
with a constricted base and can reach up to 2.5 mm in diameter. The
401:
319:
303:
188:
548:
506:
475:(supporting structures in the hymenium) that are sparsely branched. The
435:
1246:
1015:
926:
570:
566:
480:
427:
342:
325:
311:
281:
199:
1259:
528:
419:
240:
218:
74:
1110:
1285:
1207:
947:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Chez H. Agasse. p. 334.
500:
352:
236:
177:
214:
1114:
1194:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
483:(translucent), and measure 1 to 2 ÎĽm in diameter. The
155:
511:(club-shaped), measuring 60 to 85 by 12 to 14 ÎĽm.
491:(layer beneath the hymenium) is distinct, dark brown,
1123:
424:of the apothecia is exposed, white, and features a
1067:Follmann, G.; Werner, B. (2000). "New saxicolous
527:(spindle-shaped), curved, smooth, contains three
336:, are present in many species within the genus.
308:, varying in shape from flattened to rounded (
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
379:(tightly packed cells) near the basal plate (
8:
499:, and does not extend into the medulla. The
16:Genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae
1399:Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
1111:
31:
20:
925:
915:
324:(powdery) or lacking pruina (epruinose).
1002:aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)".
531:(internal partitions), and are hyaline.
900:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
861:
941:de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1805).
541:(asexual reproductive structures) are
7:
1322:62432c4c-947a-499f-8b99-eebf342df3ce
363:manner and are about 40 to 70
14:
300:branching. The main and terminal
1094:. Books on Demand. p. 234.
1090:Aptroot, A.; Schumm, F. (2011).
456:and is sometimes inconspicuous.
404:(spore-producing structures) of
51:
1033:(Roccellaceae, Ascomycetes)".
851:Follmann & B.Werner (2001)
830:B.Werner & Follmann (2000)
759:Follmann & B.Werner (2000)
718:B.Werner & Follmann (2000)
704:Follmann & B.Werner (2000)
1:
1035:Systematics and Biodiversity
253:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
820:Aptroot & Schumm (2011)
770:(J.Steiner) Follmann (1993)
739:Mies & M.Schultz (2004)
1420:
503:(spore-bearing cells) are
1073:Bibliotheca Lichenologica
1047:10.1017/S1477200009990065
917:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
170:
163:
146:
139:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
967:Tehler, Anders (2011). "
816:Roccella sanctae-helenae
355:that are arranged in an
284:that is either erect or
1404:Taxa described in 1805
1389:Arthoniomycetes genera
1000:Roccella galapagoensis
796:Roccella phycopsioides
690:Roccella galapagoensis
660:Roccella floribrassica
432:, pruinose layer. The
292:(hanging) with sparse
610:Roccella bajasurensis
553:(asexual spores) are
847:Roccella translucida
640:Roccella elisabethae
389:, with no secondary
334:asexual reproduction
832:– Galápagos Islands
766:Roccella maderensis
761:– Galápagos Islands
755:Roccella kappeniana
720:– Galápagos Islands
700:Roccella geniculata
670:Roccella fuciformis
408:are in the form of
351:lichens is made of
258:Roccella fuciformis
149:Roccella fuciformis
41:Roccella fuciformis
1016:10.1002/tax.582010
837:Roccella tinctoria
826:Roccella stipitata
806:Roccella phycopsis
786:Roccella montagnei
745:Roccella incurvata
251:by Swiss botanist
1371:
1370:
1330:Open Tree of Life
1117:Taxon identifiers
984:978-3-443-58085-8
735:Roccella hertelii
725:Roccella gracilis
714:Roccella glebaria
708:Galápagos Islands
650:Roccella floreana
620:Roccella botrytis
239:of 23 species of
228:
227:
135:
1411:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1299:NHMSYS0001496522
1289:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1064:
1051:
1050:
1026:
1020:
1019:
995:
989:
988:
964:
949:
948:
938:
932:
931:
929:
919:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
878:Species Fungorum
866:
852:
842:
831:
821:
811:
801:
791:
781:
771:
760:
750:
740:
730:
719:
705:
695:
685:
675:
665:
655:
645:
635:
630:Roccella colonii
625:
615:
605:
565:lichens contain
558:
550:
538:
524:
516:
508:
496:
488:
472:
464:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
394:
376:
375:plectenchymatous
360:
344:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
247:. The genus was
222:
203:
192:
181:
130:
56:
55:
35:
21:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1109:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1028:
1027:
1023:
997:
996:
992:
985:
966:
965:
952:
944:Flore française
940:
939:
935:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
868:
867:
863:
859:
850:
840:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
776:Roccella minuta
769:
758:
749:B.Werner (2000)
748:
738:
728:
717:
703:
694:Follmann (1968)
693:
684:B.Werner (2000)
683:
674:(L.) DC. (1805)
673:
664:B.Werner (2000)
663:
654:B.Werner (2000)
653:
643:
634:Follmann (2001)
633:
624:B.Werner (2000)
623:
613:
603:
600:Roccella albida
595:
575:aliphatic acids
560:
552:
540:
526:
518:
510:
498:
490:
474:
466:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
396:
378:
362:
346:
328:, reproductive
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
271:
209:
198:
187:
176:
159:
152:
129:
95:Arthoniomycetes
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1352:
1339:
1326:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1145:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1101:978-3000336898
1100:
1082:
1052:
1041:(3): 301–317.
1021:
1010:(2): 436–456.
990:
983:
950:
933:
890:
860:
858:
855:
854:
853:
843:
833:
822:
812:
802:
792:
782:
772:
762:
751:
741:
731:
721:
710:
696:
686:
680:Roccella fusca
676:
666:
656:
646:
636:
626:
616:
606:
594:
591:
569:and β-orcinol
554:
546:
534:
520:
512:
504:
492:
484:
468:
460:
449:
444:proper exciple
441:
433:
425:
417:
390:
372:
356:
340:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
280:(shrub-like),
270:
267:
255:in 1805, with
243:in the family
226:
225:
224:
223:
204:
193:
182:
168:
167:
161:
160:
153:
144:
143:
137:
136:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:Lichen genera
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
991:
986:
980:
976:
975:
970:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
946:
945:
937:
934:
928:
923:
918:
913:
910:: 1060–1456.
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
879:
875:
873:
865:
862:
856:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
818:
817:
813:
808:
807:
803:
800:Tehler (2010)
798:
797:
793:
788:
787:
783:
780:Tehler (2010)
778:
777:
773:
768:
767:
763:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
742:
737:
736:
732:
727:
726:
722:
716:
715:
711:
709:
702:
701:
697:
692:
691:
687:
682:
681:
677:
672:
671:
667:
662:
661:
657:
652:
651:
647:
644:Tehler (2004)
642:
641:
637:
632:
631:
627:
622:
621:
617:
614:Tehler (2009)
612:
611:
607:
604:Tehler (2009)
602:
601:
597:
596:
592:
590:
588:
584:
581:lichens grow
580:
576:
573:, as well as
572:
568:
564:
559:
551:
544:
539:
532:
530:
525:
517:
509:
502:
497:
489:
482:
478:
473:
465:
457:
454:
448:forms a thin
446:
438:
430:
422:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
395:
388:
387:
382:
377:
370:
366:
361:
354:
350:
345:
337:
335:
331:
327:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
283:
279:
275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:circumscribed
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Roccellomyces
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:
169:
166:
162:
157:
151:
150:
145:
142:
138:
133:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1124:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
973:
968:
943:
936:
907:
903:
893:
881:. Retrieved
871:
864:
845:
835:
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
774:
764:
753:
743:
733:
723:
712:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
648:
638:
628:
618:
608:
598:
578:
562:
533:
495:carbonaceous
471:paraphysoids
458:
405:
399:
386:Trentepohlia
384:
348:
338:
273:
272:
263:type species
256:
245:Roccellaceae
231:
230:
229:
206:
196:Roccellopsis
195:
184:
173:
158:) DC. (1805)
147:
141:Type species
125:
124:
115:Roccellaceae
40:
24:
18:
1255:iNaturalist
1149:Wikispecies
927:10481/61998
883:26 December
870:"Synonymy:
810:Ach. (1810)
790:BĂ©l. (1834)
729:Bory (1828)
537:Conidiomata
487:hypothecium
452:parathecium
367:thick. The
296:dichotomous
276:presents a
269:Description
105:Arthoniales
1378:Categories
904:Mycosphere
857:References
841:DC. (1805)
515:Ascospores
463:epithecium
393:photobiont
359:anticlinal
330:propagules
211:E.A.Thomas
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
1216:FloraBase
1164:AusLichen
543:pycnidial
410:apothecia
288:pendulous
278:fruticose
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1384:Roccella
1281:MycoBank
1229:Fungorum
1169:30019785
1155:Roccella
1140:Q7353702
1134:Wikidata
1125:Roccella
1069:Roccella
1031:Roccella
969:Roccella
872:Roccella
579:Roccella
571:depsides
563:Roccella
557:filiform
523:fusiform
477:hymenium
406:Roccella
402:ascomata
381:holdfast
349:Roccella
320:pruinose
304:branches
274:Roccella
232:Roccella
174:Thamnium
165:Synonyms
126:Roccella
111:Family:
61:Domain:
25:Roccella
1273:1332618
1247:2592956
1079:: 1–18.
593:Species
587:on bark
583:on rock
567:orcinol
549:conidia
507:clavate
481:hyaline
436:exciple
414:sessile
369:medulla
326:Soredia
282:thallus
261:as the
241:lichens
200:Elenkin
185:Nemaria
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
1361:147572
1343:PLANTS
1319:NZOR:
1260:175055
1208:1ROCEG
1098:
981:
428:rimose
353:hyphae
343:cortex
312:terete
221:(1953)
219:Tomas.
217:&
202:(1929)
191:(1909)
180:(1799)
134:(1805)
1356:WoRMS
1348:ROCCE
1335:67637
1312:72316
1268:IRMNG
1221:27553
1195:22882
1182:63S3G
1004:Taxon
529:septa
237:genus
235:is a
189:NavĂ s
178:Vent.
75:Fungi
1307:NCBI
1286:4769
1242:GBIF
1234:4769
1203:EPPO
1096:ISBN
979:ISBN
885:2020
519:are
501:asci
459:The
420:disc
400:The
339:The
332:for
215:Cif.
1294:NBN
1190:EoL
1177:CoL
1043:doi
1012:doi
922:hdl
912:doi
874:DC"
585:or
347:of
213:ex
132:DC.
1380::
1358::
1345::
1332::
1309::
1296::
1283::
1270::
1257::
1244::
1231::
1218::
1205::
1192::
1179::
1166::
1151::
1136::
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