347:". All the bishops of the province of Trier attended along with some bishops from the province of Reims. Hugh arrived and spoke with Robert in the church but did not attend the sessions. Robert allowed a letter Hugh presented, from Pope Agapetus II, to be read out loud. In it the pope ordered Hugh to be restored, but the bishops refused to heed the command, citing as their reason that the pope had previously mandated Robert of Trier and Frederick of Mainz to resolve the matter canonically and that his latest letter was drawn up at the behest of Hugh's messengers. They confirmed in a charter that Artold was the canonical bishop of Reims, but Hugh still refused to submit.
35:
196:
452:
Robert was a scholar and a patron of scholars. Before his relationship with Rather of Liège soured, they had a correspondence, wherein Rather credits Robert with an interest in the ancient Greeks and Romans and Robert in turn sent him some of his own writings. Israel the
Grammarian obtained Robert's
254:
fell vacant and Otto elevated his brother Bruno to both the archbishopric and the duchy of
Lotharingia simultaneously in September 953. Otto also removed the Lotharingian chancellery from Robert and bestowed it on Bruno. Nonetheless, Robert attended the consecration of Bruno and also that of Bishop
369:
When Hugh refused to submit, King Otto ordered Duke Conrad and
Archbishop Robert to gather a large army, enter France and force his surrender. The army of Trier, augmented by the forces of bishops of Laon and Metz, took four weeks to assemble. The mere approach of this army forced the commander of
150:
Robert's predecessaro, Rudgar, died on 27 January 931 and Robert became archbishop probably towards the end of the year. He owed his elevation to the influence of King Henry, and shortly afterwards was appointed archchancellor of
Lotharingia, a post also held by Rudgar. On 1 June 932, jointly with
191:
Robert continued in the favour of the new king. He is attested as archchancellor in
Lotharingia from 937 to 953 and he served one term as the archchaplain of Otto's court. As archchancellor he frequently acted as an intervenor with the king on behalf of Lotharingian petitioners.
397:
sent a messenger to explain his absence due to illness. The legate
Marinus was present. Through the formal intercession of Robert and Artold, Marinus absolved Guy of Soissons for having previously backed Hugh. On 8 September the synod excommunicated Duke
299:, Artold returned to Reims and was formally re-enthroned by Archbishop Robert and Archbishop Frederick of Mainz. Hugh did not submit, and a series of synods were held under the presidency of the archbishop of Trier to settle the matter.
275:. He was possibly motivated by a desire to increase his prestige in Germany. Although he was considered the senior archbishop in 936, he was forced to crown Otto jointly with his counterparts of Mainz and Cologne, and Archbishop
465:), almost certainly the archbishop of Trier. While Flodoard goes on to say that Robert "commanded" him to write his history, it is more likely that Robert merely encouraged him. Flodoard also dedicated his poetic trilogy
370:
the castle at Mouzon, where Hugh was holed up, to surrender. Hostages were taken, but Hugh was not imprisoned. The castle was razed. Robert then led the army to join up with that of Conrad and besiege the fortress of
334:. The scholar Israel the Grammarian also attended. Hugh was summoned, but did not appear. The synod confirmed Artold as the legitimate archbishop of Reims and adjourned, scheduling another synod for 13 January 948.
80:
If Robert was the canonical age of thirty when elected bishop, he would have been born in 901 or earlier. This is most likely, since he was already the chancellor of the see of Trier under his predecessor,
246:, one of the four largest and richest abbeys in Lotharingia. This settled in the diocese's favour a longstanding dispute. In June 949 he attended an assembly of the leading men of Lotharingia at
385:
After the successful summer campaign in France, Robert held a provincial synod at Trier in
September 948. No Lotharingian or German bishops attended, only Artold of Reims, Ralph of Laon,
295:
was a close associate of Artold and accompanied him into exile, four weeks of which were spent at Trier. In 946, with the military support of King Otto I of
Germany and King
354:, to Germany ordering King Otto to call a general synod. On 7 June 948 this synod opened under the presidency of Robert in the chapel dedicated to Saint Remigius in the
250:
in the presence of King Otto. In 953, Conrad rebelled and was deposed. The king confirmed Robert's rights in Saint-Maximin on 20 August. At the same time, the
1109:
Deus qui mutat tempora: Menschen und
Institutionen im Wandel des Mittelalters: Festschrift fĂĽr Alfons Becker zu seinem fĂĽnfundsechzigsten Geburtstag
100:
946:
410:
Robert was a careful administrator of his diocese. He pushed forward with the reformation of monasteries, many of which were still at that time
1107:
Hehl, Ernst-Dieter (1987). "Erzbischof
Ruotbert von Trier und der Reimser Streit". In Ernst-Dieter Hehl; Hubertus Seibert; Franz Staab (eds.).
422:
and Hungarian raids. He reorganized the ecclesiastical structures of his diocese down to the level of the parish, especially in the northern
851:
Bachrach, Bernard S.; Bachrach, David S. (2012). "Early Saxon Frontier Warfare: Henry I, Otto I, and Carolingian Military Institutions".
378:, in rebellion against King Louis. It was quickly captured, and the army moved on to Laon, where Theobald was staying. There, in the
1088:
144:
479:
1169:
1146:
260:
216:
140:
284:
239:
478:
in Cologne, during an epidemic of plague. His body was brought back to Trier. Older authorities place his burial in
461:(History of the Church of Reims) to "the venerable lord and delectable illustrious prelate, R., beloved in Christ" (
430:, which he consecrated on 9 September 955. He also erected an altar over the tomb of his sixth-century predecessor,
120:
34:
350:
In light of the failure of the Verdun and Mouzon synods to resolve the matter, Pope Agapetus dispatched a legate,
439:
379:
355:
220:
366:). He later urged that reason be used to persuade Hugh to submit, and if that failed that he be excommunicated.
231:. The newly built church of Saint-Maximin had only been consecrated by Robert on 13 October 942. In 950, Pope
358:. The kings of Germany and France were both in attendance, as were 32 German bishops, plus Artold and Bishop
427:
263:
to have Rather, a protégé of Bruno's, deposed and exiled—without himself ever entering into open rebellion.
180:
168:
28:
445:
In 951, Robert accompanied Otto on his Italian expedition. From Italy he brought back some relics of Saint
390:
375:
319:
251:
993:
394:
172:
1028:
515:
351:
327:
228:
156:
136:
124:
331:
307:
359:
315:
323:
272:
256:
1164:
1136:
279:
had recently been confirmed as the apostolic vicar in the German kingdom by the pope. In 931, King
57:
967:
The Chronicle of Hugh of Flavigny: Reform and the Investiture Contest in the Late Eleventh Century
1040:
1016:
925:
659:
657:
446:
411:
311:
296:
276:
128:
61:
39:
1072:. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 29. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 294–96.
1084:
913:
386:
280:
176:
65:
72:
territory in between. He was a patron of scholars and writers and a reformer of monasteries.
1129:
1008:
344:
337:
The second synod was held, as scheduled, "in the church of Saint Peter, within sight of the
164:
92:
82:
1120:
1052:
937:
897:
482:, but he was interred in his own Liebfrauenkirche, where his tomb was discovered in 1950.
371:
288:
224:
160:
112:
978:. Archive for Medieval Prosopography, 9. State College, Pennsylvania: Editions Enlaplage.
435:
238:
In 946 Robert obtained from the king a confirmation of his archdiocese's control of the
219:
in Trier, the lay abbacy of which had only been renounced by Conrad's predecessor, Duke
399:
204:
17:
865:
195:
131:
and mother of Bruno, However, this is no longer considered possible. According to the
1158:
1020:
152:
902:
91:
to his predecessor's niece, Ada, and her two sons.) Robert was originally from the
1078:
958:
Politics and History in the Tenth Century: The Work and World of Richer of Reims
232:
139:, Robert personally educated his nephew who would one day be Bishop of Utrecht,
108:
69:
463:
Domino venerabili et in Christi karitate admodum diligibili preclaro presuli R
457:
to him. He went on to live as a monk at Saint-Maximin. Flodoard dedicated his
243:
994:"Flodoard, the Will of St Remigius and the See of Reims in the Tenth Century"
878:
985:
Richer of Saint-RĂ©mi: The Methods and Mentality of a Tenth-Century Historian
426:
region. He rebuilt the southern church of the cathedral district, today the
362:. Robert opened the synod with a statement of the "public matters of Gaul" (
104:
402:, one of Archbishop Hugh's supporters and a thorn in the side of Louis IV.
60:
from 931 until his death. He played a leading role in the politics of both
175:
and Hildebert of Mainz jointly crowned and consecrated Henry's successor,
431:
415:
292:
247:
208:
116:
87:
306:
in November 947. In attendance were, besides Robert and Artold, bishops
1012:
203:
Robert's influence in Lotharingian brought him into conflict with Duke
143:, in law and theology. Another possible brother sometimes proposed is
474:
419:
339:
303:
96:
291:. In 940, Hugh returned and forced Artold into exile. The historian
423:
259:
that year. In the spring of 955, however, he conspired with Count
194:
33:
103:, was said to have been the count of fifteen counties, including
442:, depicts him as one of the inspiring reformers of Lotharingia.
111:
family. Robert was described by some records as a kinsman of
644:
642:
872:. Vol. 22. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. p. 268.
1061:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
271:
In 946, Robert became embroiled in a controversy over the
147:, the proposed father of his nephew the younger Ansfried.
107:, and his nephew's daughter was said to be related to the
1033:
Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg
588:
586:
987:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.
916:; Steven Fanning and Bernard S. Bachrach, eds. (2008).
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
778:
776:
215:) to the king. Conrad tried by violence to seize the
636:, sect. "Episcopal primacy and royal legitimation".
414:and some of which, like Saint-Maximin in Trier and
163:, a synod of all the bishops of Germany outside of
38:Robert's chalice, ring and paten on display in the
901:
751:
235:confirmed Robert's possession of Saint-Maximin.
167:. This synod decided to stop paying tribute to
27:"Rotbert" redirects here. For other uses, see
1111:. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke. pp. 55–68.
283:deposed the uncanonically elected Archbishop
8:
1080:The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West
1116:
918:The "Annals" of Flodoard of Reims, 919–966
908:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
171:. On 7 August 936, Robert and Archbishops
830:
763:
735:
707:
691:
675:
577:
538:
223:, in 934, and where the king's brother,
123:wrote that Robert was even a brother of
663:
648:
633:
526:
495:
1048:
1038:
933:
923:
782:
621:
806:
723:
592:
565:
7:
976:Geldern, Looz, and Public Succession
948:Æthelstan: The First King of England
853:Journal of Medieval Military History
818:
794:
666:, sect. "The Reims dispute, 925–48".
502:
1083:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
904:Death and Life in the Tenth Century
469:(The Triumph of Christ) to Robert.
438:in Trier. His contemporary, Bishop
207:, who in May 944 at an assembly in
25:
199:Saint-Maximin in the 18th century
145:Lambert (nobleman of the Maasgau)
382:, they excommunicated Theobald.
374:, which had been constructed by
85:. (In 938 he granted a lifetime
1062:"Rotbert, Erzbischof von Trier"
1031:; David A. Warner, ed. (2001).
287:and imposed his own candidate,
1070:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
1035:. Manchester University Press.
920:. University of Toronto Press.
472:Robert died while attending a
1:
960:. Cambridge University Press.
752:Bachrach & Bachrach 2012
453:patronage by dedicating his
974:Jackman, Donald C. (2010).
459:Historia Remensis Ecclesiae
240:basilica of Saint Servatius
227:, was being educated under
211:accused him of disloyalty (
56:(died 19 May 956), was the
1186:
418:in the Saar, had suffered
121:Alberic of Trois Fontaines
95:, perhaps a member of the
26:
1143:
1134:
1126:
1119:
356:royal palace at Ingelheim
181:palatine chapel at Aachen
992:Roberts, Edward (2014).
951:. Yale University Press.
898:Duckett, Eleanor Shipley
883:Saarländische Biografien
877:Conrad, Joachim (2007).
870:Neue Deutsche Biographie
514:MGH SS XXIII, anno 921,
376:Theobald, count of Tours
252:archbishopric of Cologne
68:, and especially of the
965:Healy, Patrick (2006).
159:, he presided over the
99:nobility. His brother,
29:Robert (disambiguation)
18:Robert, Bishop of Trier
1121:Catholic Church titles
864:Bauer, Thomas (2005).
380:abbey of Saint-Vincent
261:Reginar III of Hainaut
217:abbey of Saint-Maximin
200:
42:
1060:Uhlirz, Karl (1889).
1029:Thietmar of Merseburg
1001:Early Medieval Europe
983:Lake, Justin (2013).
956:Glenn, Jason (2004).
436:abbey of Saint-Martin
391:Wicfred of Thérouanne
229:Israel the Grammarian
198:
137:Thietmar of Merseburg
37:
1170:Archbishops of Trier
1077:Wood, Susan (2006).
945:Foot, Sarah (2011).
467:De triumphis Christi
364:Galliae rem publicam
320:Hildebald of MĂĽnster
273:archdiocese of Reims
187:Lotharingian affairs
141:Ansfried the younger
1137:Archbishop of Trier
412:under lay ownership
395:Transmarus of Noyon
173:Wigfried of Cologne
58:archbishop of Trier
1051:has generic name (
1013:10.1111/emed.12053
936:has generic name (
726:, pp. 236–40.
651:, pp. 157–58.
624:, pp. 294–96.
447:Severus of Ravenna
440:Berengar of Verdun
328:Agenoldus of Gorze
312:Adalbero I of Metz
297:Louis IV of France
277:Frederick of Mainz
201:
157:Hildebert of Mainz
129:Henry I of Germany
115:, a member of the
101:Ansfried the elder
43:
40:cathedral of Trier
1153:
1152:
1144:Succeeded by
914:Flodoard of Reims
821:, pp. 38–39.
714:948, para. 30D–E.
595:, pp. 27–28.
529:, pp. 67–68.
449:in February 952.
406:Pastor and patron
387:Guy I of Soissons
332:Odilo of Stavelot
308:Odalric of Aachen
302:The first met at
267:Reims controversy
16:(Redirected from
1177:
1127:Preceded by
1117:
1112:
1094:
1073:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1024:
998:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
941:
935:
931:
929:
921:
909:
907:
893:
891:
889:
873:
860:
838:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
771:
761:
755:
749:
743:
733:
727:
721:
715:
705:
699:
689:
683:
673:
667:
661:
652:
646:
637:
631:
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619:
596:
590:
581:
575:
569:
563:
542:
536:
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
428:Liebfrauenkirche
360:Ralph II of Laon
316:Goslenus of Toul
21:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1132:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1100:Further reading
1097:
1091:
1076:
1059:
1047:
1037:
1027:
996:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
944:
932:
922:
912:
896:
887:
885:
876:
863:
850:
841:
837:956, para. 38B.
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
781:
774:
770:948, para. 30O.
762:
758:
750:
746:
742:948, para. 30K.
734:
730:
722:
718:
706:
702:
698:948, para. 30A.
690:
686:
682:947, para. 29J.
674:
670:
662:
655:
647:
640:
632:
628:
620:
599:
591:
584:
576:
572:
564:
545:
537:
533:
525:
521:
513:
509:
501:
497:
488:
455:De arte metrica
408:
324:Bruno of Lorsch
281:Ralph of France
269:
257:Rather of Liège
189:
161:synod of Erfurt
153:Unni of Hamburg
127:, wife of King
113:Bruno the Great
93:Batavian region
78:
48:, also spelled
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1057:
1049:|author2=
1025:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
942:
934:|author2=
910:
894:
874:
861:
847:
846:
845:
840:
839:
823:
811:
809:, p. 229.
799:
797:, p. 105.
787:
772:
756:
744:
728:
716:
700:
684:
668:
653:
638:
626:
597:
582:
570:
568:, p. 268.
543:
541:, p. 174.
531:
519:
507:
505:, p. 744.
494:
493:
492:
487:
484:
480:Saint-Paulinus
407:
404:
400:Hugh the Great
268:
265:
205:Conrad the Red
188:
185:
125:Queen Mathilda
119:royal family.
77:
74:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
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1160:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1110:
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1104:
1099:
1092:
1090:9780198206972
1086:
1082:
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1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:(2): 201–30.
1006:
1002:
995:
990:
986:
981:
977:
972:
968:
963:
959:
954:
950:
949:
943:
939:
927:
919:
915:
911:
906:
905:
899:
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884:
880:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
836:
832:
831:Flodoard 2008
827:
824:
820:
815:
812:
808:
803:
800:
796:
791:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Flodoard 2008
760:
757:
754:, p. 44.
753:
748:
745:
741:
737:
736:Flodoard 2008
732:
729:
725:
720:
717:
713:
709:
708:Flodoard 2008
704:
701:
697:
693:
692:Flodoard 2008
688:
685:
681:
677:
676:Flodoard 2008
672:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
580:, p. 90.
579:
578:Thietmar 2001
574:
571:
567:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
539:Thietmar 2001
535:
532:
528:
523:
520:
517:
511:
508:
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388:
383:
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377:
373:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
341:
335:
333:
329:
325:
322:, and abbots
321:
317:
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309:
305:
300:
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286:
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59:
55:
51:
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41:
36:
30:
19:
1135:
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1079:
1069:
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1032:
1004:
1000:
984:
975:
966:
957:
947:
917:
903:
886:. Retrieved
882:
869:
856:
852:
834:
826:
814:
802:
790:
767:
759:
747:
739:
731:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
664:Roberts 2014
649:Duckett 1967
634:Roberts 2014
629:
573:
534:
527:Jackman 2010
522:
510:
498:
473:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
444:
409:
384:
368:
363:
349:
338:
336:
301:
270:
237:
212:
202:
190:
151:Archbishops
149:
132:
86:
79:
70:Lotharingian
53:
49:
45:
44:
783:Conrad 2007
622:Uhlirz 1889
233:Agapetus II
213:infidelitas
109:Unrochinger
1165:956 deaths
1159:Categories
969:. Ashgate.
888:2 December
879:"Ruotbert"
866:"Ruotbert"
807:Glenn 2004
724:Glenn 2004
593:Healy 2006
566:Bauer 2005
486:References
244:Maastricht
135:of Bishop
1041:cite book
1021:161266737
926:cite book
819:Lake 2013
795:Foot 2011
503:Wood 2006
434:, in the
393:. Bishop
221:Giselbert
179:, in the
133:Chronicle
105:Toxandria
1141:931–956
1066:Ruotbert
900:(1967).
859:: 17–60.
432:Magneric
416:Mettlach
372:Montaigu
293:Flodoard
248:Nijmegen
209:Duisburg
117:Ottonian
88:precaria
50:Ruotbert
1147:Henry I
844:Sources
352:Marinus
340:castrum
169:Hungary
165:Bavaria
62:Germany
54:Rotbert
1130:Rudgar
1087:
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475:Hoftag
420:Viking
345:Mouzon
304:Verdun
289:Artold
177:Otto I
83:Rudgar
66:France
46:Robert
1017:S2CID
997:(PDF)
516:p.756
491:Notes
424:Eifel
225:Bruno
97:Saxon
1085:ISBN
1053:help
938:help
890:2015
835:s.a.
768:s.a.
740:s.a.
712:s.a.
696:s.a.
680:s.a.
389:and
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285:Hugh
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343:of
242:in
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