624:
136:
484:
shifts back and forth as the cylinder rolls beneath it. In almost all models the two flat ends of the wheel/roller are about as far from each other as the width of the board. In most models the axis of the roller is perpendicular to the board's length. Thus, as the rider's weight moves over the roller, the board both tilts from side to side and also slides sideways. In models whose roller can be placed with its axis parallel to the board's length, the board slides and tilts toward the front and back (if the rider's feet are oriented accordingly).
258:
250:
708:. The holes in it allow water to fill it, making it neutrally buoyant (i.e., neither sinking on its own nor floating up to the water's surface) so that it is easier to control and safer than it would be if this wobble board were more buoyant. Two products that Theraquatics Australia calls balance boards, its Star Balance Board and its Theraquatics Balance Board with Straps, are not balance boards in the familiar sense of the term, though they can be used for practicing balance skills.
472:
217:
754:. Apart from actually falling, this often occurs during sharp accelerations caused by leaning too far or too quickly. Feeling like falling can raise fears and provoke reflexes that while useful on a stable surface can be counter-productive on a balance board, such as throwing the arms forward to catch the fall or over-correcting and sharply shifting weight onto the opposite leg, causing a fall in the opposite direction.
1702:
616:
338:
rocker-roller boards, the fulcrum (a cylinder or mainly a cylinder) isn't constrained by the board (except by their friction), and in most rocker-rollers the cylinder is constrained by the board in any of five ways (a different number and combination of those ways in each type of rocker-roller) that are described below, in this article's "Rocker-Roller Boards" section.
1712:
119:
266:
512:
601:(i.e., sliding or skidding, usually unintended and unwanted), across the supporting surface is possible, except for the few wobble boards that have a stationary base. Sliding occurs much less often and usually across a shorter distance than in the case of a rocker-roller board and sphere-and-ring board.
491:
toward the two ends. That tapering enables tricky moves by the rider. How the roller and rocker interface can vary. Rollers may have grooves to fit a guide on the board to keep the roller aligned with the rocker and prevent the rocker from sliding along the roller. Rockers may have guard rails at the
357:
There are more than a hundred models of balance boards on the market in the United States. Each of them is a version of one of about fifteen types of balance board. Each of these models and types can be classified as one of five basic types of balance board according to two binary parameters: whether
337:
In rocker boards and wobble boards, the fulcrum is attached to the board. In rocker-roller boards and sphere-and-ring boards, the fulcrum is a separate piece from the board. In sphere-and-ring boards, the fulcrum (an inflatable or solid ball) is constrained by a ring on the board's underside. In some
333:
or some combination of those – and the speed of the board differ in different types and subtypes of models, depending on the shape and size of the fulcrum, whether it is attached to the board and, if it isn't attached, the method(s) by which it is constrained by the board, if any. With an increase of
483:
to the rocker board that makes them much more challenging for the rider than a rocker board is. Rather than on a fixed pivot, a rocker-roller's board is placed on a cylindrical roller; this fulcrum is a wheel that moves in relation to the ground and in relation to the board. The board's pivot point
639:
ball, is the fulcrum on which the board is balanced, and the fulcrum is kept contained under the board by a guard rail or ring on the underside. By redistributing his/her weight across the board, the rider can move the board in any direction– side to side, forward and backward, twisting, diagonal,
770:
Important protective gear is gear that protects the joints, the head and face, and otherwise protects from bumps and scrapes during falls. Care should be taken in selecting a helmet, as the weight could make falls worse or the shape might be unsuited for protecting from falls and might be pressed
232:
performers in traditional circus as well as by freelance circus skills artists. The performance can involve a single rola bola or a stack of multiple rola bolas on top of one another to increase the challenge and visual spectacle. Some circus performers also combine the use of the rola bola with
449:
attached to the board's underside. In some models the fulcrum is perpendicular to the board's length and in the other models the fulcrum is two rockers that are parallel to each other and parallel to the board's length, one in front of the person who is standing on the board and one behind. The
525:
345:
and skills. For better foot traction, the stood-on surface of most boards is manufactured with an unsmooth texture: for plastic models, in the molding; for wooden models, with grip tape or rubber. A smooth surface under the feet or shoes can cause a user to slip off a balance board and fall.
692:
over non-aquatic therapy (the use of the smooth resistance of water instead of the jerky resistance of weights and the avoidance of burdening an injured joint with excessive weight– in this case, the weight of the patient's own body), aquatic balance boards have the specific advantage over
693:
non-aquatic balance boards of saving a patient who slips off of a board from the impact of falling and crashing into a floor. Slipping off of an aquatic balance board is safe as long as the user knows to avoid inhaling while underwater and knows how to tread water.
766:
Risk can be lowered by anticipating falls and clearing the surrounding area of objects that the rider might fall onto, and making sure that the surface is soft. Some of the best surfaces for balance boarding include a soft yoga mat, a patch of grass, or the sand.
1064:
Fujiwara, Katsuo; Shigeiwa, Michie; Maeda, Kaoru (2005). "Relationship between improvement in cognitive function by balance board training and postural control adaptability in the elderly". In Tsuji, Sadatoshi; Tobimatsu, Shozo; Kakigi, Ryusuke (eds.).
648:
of any type of balance board, allowing rotation about all axes (yawing, pitching and banking) and translation (i.e., sliding) in both transverse (i.e., lateral) and longitudinal directions. They, like wobble boards, simultaneously exercise
269:
762:
Falls from balance boards can break bones, sprain joints, and tear tendons, ligaments and cartilage. These risks can be diminished by preparing the space, wearing protective gear and following manufacturers' other safety recommendations.
273:
272:
268:
267:
274:
86:
that the user usually stands on, usually with the left and right foot at opposite ends of the board. The user's body must stay balanced enough to keep the board's edges from touching the ground and to keep from falling off the board.
123:
121:
843:
Waddington, Gordon S.; Adams, Roger D. (2004). "The Effect of a 5-Week Wobble-Board
Exercise Intervention on Ability to Discriminate Different Degrees of Ankle Inversion, Barefoot and Wearing Shoes: A Study in Healthy Elderly".
297:
that implement the act of balancing (toes, soles, ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, arms and neck) and the parts of the body and brain that create the sense of balance and that engineer the implementation of the act of balancing
514:
515:
829:
334:
speed and with each additional degree of movement through which one model or another can move, the need to avoid losing control of the board forces the rider to exercise considerably more skill in order to avoid falling.
526:
271:
541:(or a shape that is approximately such) whose flat side is attached to the center of the board's underside. This allows the board to pivot in all directions, through 360 degrees. Standing on a wobble board exercises
528:
90:
A different challenge is presented by each of the five basic types of balance boards and their subtypes. Some of them can be attempted successfully by three-year-olds and elderly people, and some, because of their
122:
516:
1067:
Unveiling the mystery of the brain: neurophysiological investigation of the brain function: proceedings of the 8th
International Evoked Potentials Symposium held in Fukuoka, Japan between 5 and 8 October
151:
to practice their balancing skills in the off season or when natural conditions were poor. The balance board is a device that has come to be used for training in sports and martial arts, for physical
529:
545:
that are not exercised by standing on boards that tilt in only two (opposite) directions. In almost all models, the board's length and width are about the same size; a circle is the usual shape.
453:
With one foot placed at each end of the board, the user can tilt it from side to side until the balance point is found and can then either try to keep the board stationary or continue rocking.
349:
Wobble boards are the only type of balance board that is commonly made of plastic. Being no longer than their width, they don't need to be as strong and warp-resistant as other balance boards.
563:
The basic use of a wobble board is to stand on it with both feet, and tilt in any direction without letting the board tilt so far that its edge touches the ground. Other common exercises are
971:
Caraffa, A.; Cerulli, G.; Projetti, M.; Aisa, G.; Rizzo, A. (1996). "Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training".
604:
Most wobble boards are made of plastic. Wooden models are better able than plastic ones to withstand long use, such as in a gym. Some plastic models are more durable than others.
722:
The Wii
Balance Board is not a rocking board as described in this article, but an electronic board which tracks the user's center of balance. It is used as an accessory with the
656:
When balancing or riding on a sphere-and-ring board, the difficulty and ride speed, which is how fast the rider can move the board on the ball, are determined by the following:
575:(with the board under the buttocks). Any exercise is much more work when a person's weight is on a wobble board than when supported by a stable and level base such as a floor.
228:
for recreation and performance. Many circus performers refer to the balance board as the rola bola. Skillful and dramatic balancing acts using the rola bola are performed by
358:
its fulcrum is attached to the board and whether the board tilts in only two opposite directions (left and right or forward and back) or in every direction (360 degrees).
582:
attached: each hand pulls up one of the bands ends. The ends of the band fit through two opposed holes near the rim of the board, for quick attachment and detachment.
270:
120:
513:
286:. The height of the fulcrum of most models is between 3 and 6 inches (i.e., the top of the fulcrum is that distance above the ground). Due to the fulcrum's
527:
1015:
143:
In 1953, Stanley
Washburn Jr. filed a patent for a balance board with the intention of its use for recreation. These boards quickly become popular for
193:
lighter on their feet; to teach singers optimal posture for the control of air-flow; to teach musicians how to hold their instrument; to shake off
1016:"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Programs' Impact on Knee Injury Rates in the Athletic Female: A Synthesis of the Research Literature"
1265:
1083:
1034:
553:
640:
and full rotations or any combination of these movements. A rider can move the board vertically by doing an advanced maneuver called an
181:
that enable the left and right hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other, thereby increasing its efficiency; to develop
1152:
928:
McGuine, T. A.; Keene, JS (2006). "The Effect of a
Balance Training Program on the Risk of Ankle Sprains in High School Athletes".
520:
Video of an oversized wobble board whose fulcrum, unlike the fulcrum of a standard wobble board, is connected to a stationary base
106:
each of them is, i.e., in how many and in which of the three dimensions of space each board turns and/or sways and how freely its
594:
590:
586:
1100:
675:
Changing these can affect the weight and weight distribution of the board, changing how much strength is required to move it.
1238:
623:
487:
The roller has a different form in different models. Some are a cylinder and some are a cylinder in their midsection that
135:
571:(pressing down on the board with the hands while lying face-down with only the knees or toes contacting the ground), and
1644:
1634:
1741:
1524:
1258:
641:
499:
of the roller of almost all rocker-rollers is between 3.5 and 6 inches at its widest section. The rollers of the
182:
103:
1751:
1736:
208:
Some people use a balance board for recreational purposes, enjoying the challenge that this equipment presents.
178:
56:
1019:
257:
1370:
726:
186:
1251:
598:
282:
The user stands on a board or other platform which is on top of an unstable ground-contacting member, the
1380:
1274:
1208:
644:. It can also be tilted in any direction and fully rotated. Sphere-and-ring boards provide the greatest
445:
A rocker board is the most basic and least challenging type of balance board. It is a flat board with a
290:, the user must remain balanced and coordinated in order to prevent the board from touching the ground.
249:
824:
1746:
1477:
72:
663:
Larger rings allow more movement of the fulcrum. Different shapes change how the fulcrum might move.
653:
that are not exercised by use of boards that tilt about only one axis (in two opposite directions).
1629:
1559:
1462:
1385:
1355:
1305:
751:
645:
1042:
779:
704:
that a user kneels or sits on. The
Aquatic Balance Board (a.k.a. the Aquafit Balance Board) is a
696:
Three models are produced by
Theraquatics Australia: The Theraquatics Balance Board is a V-shaped
170:, to avoid injurious falls; to prevent sports injuries, especially to the ankle and knee; and for
1551:
996:
953:
869:
579:
437:
Those five analogies are not precise definitions. They ignore some details of models' structure.
163:
166:
skills, weight distribution and core strength; to prepare people, before and after they reach
1705:
1619:
1425:
1287:
1148:
1079:
988:
945:
910:
861:
717:
572:
549:
471:
194:
64:
60:
52:
31:
1564:
1519:
1492:
1482:
1330:
1196:
1071:
980:
937:
900:
853:
744:
685:
564:
216:
159:
152:
799:
450:
ground-contacting edge of the fulcrum is curved in most models and is flat in some models.
1590:
1221:
689:
488:
202:
68:
1614:
1512:
1502:
1440:
1435:
1140:
607:
Wobble boards are made by manufacturers of gym, sports and physical therapy equipment.
593:, i.e., backward-forward tilting) and part rotation about the longitudinal axis (i.e.,
307:
238:
177:
Uses of a balance board beyond its athletic origin have become more common: to expand
1730:
1665:
1541:
1405:
1395:
1390:
1375:
1320:
857:
669:
These affect how fast the fulcrum moves and how much strength is required to move it.
557:
538:
1000:
957:
873:
615:
1607:
1447:
1335:
1018:(Masters thesis). State University of New York College at Brockport. Archived from
636:
567:, standing on the board with one foot while keeping the other foot off the ground,
457:
225:
44:
1115:
889:"Prevention of Sports Injuries: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"
1169:
905:
888:
827:, Stanley, Washburn Jr, "Roller board device", published Sep 25, 1956
1685:
1639:
1595:
1569:
1534:
1529:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1350:
1340:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1200:
774:
Standing on a balance board is extremely dangerous for a person who is prone to
503:
that circus performers use are usually between 7 and 9 inches in diameter.
480:
446:
287:
283:
102:
In their design, what differentiates the five types (and their subtypes) is how
1192:
578:
For additional muscle exercise while wobbling, some models can have an elastic
430:
A sphere-and-ring board is a rocker-roller board that tilts toward 360 degrees.
1670:
1574:
1345:
1292:
1282:
1075:
743:
Proper use of a balance board is a test of both physical skill and the user's
632:
318:
311:
303:
299:
294:
48:
941:
887:
Aaltonen, Sari; Karjalainen, H; Heinonen, A; Parkkari, J; Kujala, UM (2007).
1624:
1415:
1365:
1360:
775:
552:, gymnasiums, sport training, prevention of injuries to the ankle and knee,
424:
A sphere-and-ring board is a wobble board whose fulcrum is a separate piece.
341:
Positions other than standing are also used, in order to work on particular
949:
914:
865:
27:
Device used in various ways for balance training, fitness, or entertainment
992:
589:, i.e., twisting), part rotation about the transverse/lateral axis (i.e.,
463:
Most rocker boards are made by manufacturers of toys or of gym equipment.
433:
A spring board rests on compression springs that tilts towards 360 degrees
421:
A rocker-roller board is a rocker board whose fulcrum is a separate piece.
1715:
1680:
1497:
1472:
1457:
496:
456:
Rocker boards offer only one degree of movement: part rotation about the
322:
234:
128:
17:
750:
Another sensation often experienced by a user of a balance board is the
1675:
1507:
1487:
1430:
984:
731:
700:
that a user stands, kneels or sits on. The Wonder Board is a V-shaped
650:
568:
542:
342:
330:
190:
171:
167:
148:
83:
688:
and are used also for recreation. Besides the general advantages of
229:
144:
537:
The fulcrum of almost all wobble boards is a semi-sphere or smaller
326:
317:
The degrees of movement through which the board can move – sliding,
585:
A wobble board offers full rotation about the vertical axis (i.e.,
293:
Thus, the rider stimulates, exercises and teaches the parts of the
1660:
1602:
1070:. International Congress Series. Vol. 1278. pp. 329–32.
622:
614:
523:
470:
264:
256:
248:
134:
117:
107:
96:
92:
79:
1243:
198:
1247:
427:
A wobble board is a rocker board that tilts toward 360 degrees.
723:
684:
These are underwater balance boards. They were developed for
99:, are difficult and dangerous for professional athletes.
1035:"Sprained Ankle Injury Avoidance and Recovery Exercises"
778:
or whose balance is impaired, such as by being tired or
492:
ends to prevent the rocker from rolling off the roller.
197:
and other inhibitors of creativity; as an accessory to
1239:
A Guide to
Balance Boards That Rock, Wobble and Roll
155:
and for non-athletic purposes that are listed here.
1653:
1583:
1550:
1456:
1281:
597:, i.e., left-right tilting). Additional movement,
253:The roller and underside of a rocker-roller board
973:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
635:rubber ball (such as a basketball) or a solid
1259:
174:after injuries to several parts of the body.
8:
1266:
1252:
1244:
846:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1147:(4th ed.). Springer. pp. 24–9.
904:
619:The fulcrum is an inflatable rubber ball.
475:The rollers of seven rocker-roller boards
241:to present a different visual spectacle.
510:
363:
261:The underside of a sphere-and-ring board
215:
791:
556:after ankle, knee and hip injuries and
1217:
1206:
460:, i.e., banking (left-right tilting).
185:and cognitive skills in children with
30:For the Wii video game accessory, see
627:The fulcrum is a solid urethane ball.
533:Video of a wobble board's instability
479:Rocker-roller boards add a degree of
7:
1711:
729:and compatible applications such as
930:American Journal of Sports Medicine
666:Sphere's size, weight, and rigidity
201:and as a form of yoga, cultivating
139:Bongo Board by Stanley Washburn Jr.
110:contacts the board and the ground.
705:
701:
697:
25:
1014:Rhoads, Jarett A. (August 2006).
548:Wobble boards are widely used in
1710:
1701:
1700:
858:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52164.x
224:The balance board is used as a
278:Lower limb proprioceptive work
1:
1145:Dynamics of the Singing Voice
1101:"Not Only Canaries Need Sing"
1099:Caine, Angela (Spring 1998).
893:Archives of Internal Medicine
800:"Definition of BALANCE BOARD"
771:into the neck during impact.
906:10.1001/archinte.167.15.1585
233:other circus skills such as
205:, self-awareness and calm.
1201:10.13140/RG.2.2.22698.85448
1170:"The Voice and Body Centre"
782:of alcohol or other drugs.
1768:
1193:"Hand Balancing Equipment"
758:Injury risk and prevention
715:
29:
1696:
1168:Dent, Sue (Spring 2003).
1076:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.051
942:10.1177/0363546505284191
1191:Santos, Steven (2020).
804:www.merriam-webster.com
727:home video game console
187:developmental disorders
1478:Cigar box manipulation
1216:Cite journal requires
1039:Sports Injury Bulletin
672:Board's shape and size
628:
620:
534:
521:
476:
279:
262:
254:
221:
158:It is used to develop
140:
132:
43:is a device used as a
739:Psychological aspects
626:
618:
532:
519:
474:
277:
260:
252:
219:
138:
127:The Bongo Board in a
126:
752:sensation of falling
631:A sphere, either an
73:personal development
1560:Equestrian vaulting
1114:(2). Archived from
780:under the influence
660:Ring shape and size
646:freedom of movement
361:More specifically:
183:sensory integration
71:and other kinds of
1742:Exercise equipment
1121:on 11 October 2008
985:10.1007/BF01565992
629:
621:
535:
522:
477:
280:
263:
255:
222:
164:motor coordination
141:
133:
1724:
1723:
1620:Human firecracker
1085:978-0-444-51780-7
718:Wii Balance Board
550:child development
530:
517:
458:longitudinal axis
415:
414:
275:
124:
61:brain development
57:athletic training
32:Wii Balance Board
16:(Redirected from
1759:
1752:Circus equipment
1737:Sports equipment
1714:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1565:Human cannonball
1520:Fire performance
1493:Hat manipulation
1483:Contact juggling
1331:Chair acrobatics
1268:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:on 29 March 2010
1041:. Archived from
1033:Reynolds, Walt.
1030:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1005:
1004:
968:
962:
961:
925:
919:
918:
908:
884:
878:
877:
840:
834:
833:
832:
828:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
796:
745:sense of balance
686:physical therapy
531:
518:
417:In other words:
411:Dynamic balance
408:
403:
390:
385:
364:
276:
125:
69:musical training
53:balance training
21:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1692:
1649:
1579:
1546:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1291:
1286:
1277:
1272:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1205:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1141:Dayme, Meribeth
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1022:on 2 June 2010.
1013:
1012:
1008:
970:
969:
965:
927:
926:
922:
899:(15): 1585–92.
886:
885:
881:
842:
841:
837:
830:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
798:
797:
793:
788:
760:
741:
720:
714:
690:aquatic therapy
682:
613:
611:Sphere-and-ring
524:
511:
509:
469:
443:
407:Sphere-and-ring
406:
401:
393:Static balance
388:
383:
355:
265:
247:
214:
203:holistic health
179:neural networks
118:
116:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1645:Wheel of Death
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:Globe of death
1612:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1591:Animal trainer
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1525:Fire breathing
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
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1731:Categories
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1630:Ringmaster
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1283:Acrobatics
825:US 2764411
786:References
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501:rola bolas
304:cerebellum
300:inner ears
189:; to make
49:recreation
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1706:Category
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1174:The Note
1143:(2004).
1049:1 August
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732:Wii Fit
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543:muscles
447:fulcrum
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168:old age
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384:Rocker
230:circus
145:skiers
47:, for
1661:Carny
1603:Clown
1584:Other
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1381:Perch
1290:, and
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997:S2CID
954:S2CID
870:S2CID
642:ollie
353:Types
97:speed
80:lever
1508:Hoop
1461:and
1222:help
1149:ISBN
1127:2008
1080:ISBN
1068:2004
1051:2010
989:PMID
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911:PMID
862:PMID
811:2019
495:The
312:eyes
310:and
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199:yoga
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