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of theatre production and to lead the members of the creative team into realizing their artistic vision for it. The director thereby collaborates with a team of creative individuals and other staff to coordinate research and work on all the aspects of the production which includes the
Technical and the Performance aspects. The technical aspects include: stagecraft, costume design, theatrical properties (props), lighting design, set design, and sound design for the production. The performance aspects include: acting, dance, orchestra, chants, and stage combat.
354:. According to Fouquet, the director's tasks included overseeing the erecting of a stage and scenery (there were no permanent, purpose-built theatre structures at this time, and performances of vernacular drama mostly took place in the open air), casting and directing the actors (which included fining them for those that infringed rules), and addressing the audience at the beginning of each performance and after each intermission.
84:
284:, the director is generally the principle visionary, making decisions on the artistic conception and interpretation of the play and its staging. Different directors occupy different places of authority and responsibility, depending on the structure and philosophy of individual theatre companies. Directors use a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and levels of collaboration.
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553:(a Yale D.F.A. and ex-producer of two LORT companies) led for many years a graduate programme based on the premise that directors are autodidacts who need as many opportunities to direct as possible. Under Fowler, graduate student directors would stage between five and ten productions during their three-year residencies, with each production receiving detailed critiques.
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universities has meant that for a long time, professional vocational training did not take place at drama schools or performing arts colleges, although an increase in training programmes for theatre directors can be witnessed since the 1970s and 1980s. In
American universities, the seminal directing
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produced a number of pioneering directors with D.F.A. (Doctor of Fine Arts) and M.F.A. degrees in Drama (rather than
English) who contributed to the expansion of professional resident theaters in the 1960s and 1970s. In the early days such programmes typically led to the staging of one major thesis
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Because of the relatively late emergence of theatre directing as a performing arts profession when compared with for instance acting or musicianship, a rise of professional vocational training programmes in directing can be seen mostly in the second half of the 20th century. Most
European countries
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is a professional in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production such as a play, opera, dance, drama, musical theatre performance, etc. by unifying various endeavors and aspects of production. The director's function is to ensure the quality and completeness
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slowly started to disappear, and directing become a fully fledged artistic activity within the theatre profession. The director originating artistic vision and concept, and realizing the staging of a production, became the norm rather than the exception. Great forces in the emancipation of theatre
585:
Directing is an art form that has grown with the development of theatre theory and theatre practice. With the emergence of new trends in theatre, so too have directors adopted new methodologies and engaged in new practices. Interpretation of the drama, by the late twentieth century, had become
296:, the birthplace of European drama, the writer bore principal responsibility for the staging of his plays. Actors were generally semi-professionals, and the director oversaw the mounting of plays from the writing process all the way through to their performance, often acting in them too, as
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As with many other professions in the performing arts, theatre directors would often learn their skills "on the job"; to this purpose, theatres often employ trainee assistant directors or have in-house education schemes to train young theatre directors. Examples are the
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from 1460 (pictured) bears one of the earliest depictions of a director at work. Holding a prompt book, the central figure directs, with the aid of a long stick, the proceedings of the staging of a dramatization of the
401:. The management of large numbers of extras and complex stagecraft matters necessitated an individual to take on the role of overall coordinator. This gave rise to the role of the director in modern theatre, and
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on
Broadway, explains her role as director by saying “I get to take things that were previously in one dimension and put them into three dimensions using my imagination and intellect and people skills.”
367:. This would usually be a senior actor in a troupe who took the responsibility for choosing the repertoire of work, staging it and managing the company. This was the case for instance with
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If the production is a new piece of writing or a (new) translation of a play, the director may also work with the playwright or a translator. In contemporary theatre, after the
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Once a show has opened (premiered before a regular audience), theatre directors are generally considered to have fulfilled their function. From that point forward the
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who said "the only way to learn how to direct a play, is ... to get a group of actors simple enough to allow you to let you direct them, and direct."
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The modern theatre director can be said to have originated in the staging of elaborate spectacles of the
Meininger Company under George II, Duke of
308:, the Greek word for "teacher," indicates that the work of these early directors combined instructing their performers with staging their work.
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central to the director's work. Relativism and psychoanalytic theory influenced the work of innovative directors such as
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that often included crowd scenes, processions and elaborate effects, gave the role of director (or
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A number of seminal works on directing and directors include Toby Cole and Helen Krich's 1972
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would provide a platform for a generation of emerging visionary theatre directors, such as
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times up until the 19th century, the role of director was often carried by the
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directing as a profession were notable 20th-century theatre directors like
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times, the complexity of vernacular religious drama, with its large scale
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and similarly emancipate the role of the director as artistic visionary.
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nowadays know some form of professional directing training, usually at
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is also sometimes used to mean a stage director, most commonly in
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INSTED: International
Network for Students in Theatre Directing
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Soundings in the
Dramaturgy of the Australian Theatre Director.
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A cautionary note was introduced by the famed director Sir
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Directors on
Directing: A Sourcebook of the Modern Theatre
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for example did. The author-director would also train the
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The Director and the Stage: From Naturalism to Growtowski
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College of Arts & Letters, University of Notre Dame
436:. A more common term for theatre director in French is
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784:""Not a bad public, that...": Reflections on Teaching"
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Person overseeing the mounting of a theatre production
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
417:, principally an actor-manager, would set up the
772:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 334
545:production in the third (final) year. At the
895:Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers
619:is left in charge of all essential concerns.
8:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
814:University of Melbourne. Melbourne. p. 17.
675:Stage Directors and Choreographers Society
371:companies and English actor-managers like
342:) considerable importance. A miniature by
770:The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre
720:"Introduction to Theatre -- The Director"
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
687:
660:List of film and television directors
7:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
834:"How to Become a Theater Director"
516:The Director in a Changing Theatre
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782:Bain, Reginald F. (15 Sep 2000).
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264:A director providing instruction
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320:The Martyrdom of St. Appollonia
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567:Orange Tree Theatre
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73:Theatrical producer
883:2020-11-09 at the
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