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233:. In some areas where there are populations of endangered birds, a programme of stoat-trapping has been implemented. The most common method of trapping is to use a stoat tunnel – a wooden box with a small entrance at one end to allow the stoat to enter. The bait is often an egg and a trap is placed in the tunnel to kill the stoat. Recent trials of a new design of self-resetting stoat traps for remote areas have been encouraging.
236:"Mainland Islands", protected areas on the mainland of New Zealand that employ intensive control of introduced pests, have stoat trapping on their perimeter. Predator-proof fences, using fine wire-mesh netting, are used to keep stoats out of protected areas. Methods of restricting stoat breeding have also been investigated.
166:
New
Zealand has a high proportion of ground-nesting and flightless birds, due to its long geographical isolation and a lack of mammal predators. Native birds have evolved to fill niches that are occupied by mammals in most other places. Stoats are the greatest threat to these ground-nesting and
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had managed to remove three. It seems unlikely that a stoat could cross the five-kilometre stretch of open sea from the Kapiti Coast but they are accomplished swimmers: in an experiment in a flume tank, a stoat paddled against a moderate current for two hours without stopping, the equivalent of
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species) produce a far greater amount of seed than normal, the stoat population undergoes changes in predation behaviour. With high beech-seed numbers, rats and mice become more plentiful, and the increase in prey encourages stoat breeding. The higher stoat numbers reduce the
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islands in the early 2000s, and scientists assumed that they would be unable to cross a 300 m water barrier, but stoats turned out to be able to reinvade: DNA testing confirmed that stoats regularly swim towards islands in summer, especially in
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The rabbit was introduced by
European settlers as a food and game animal, and by the 1870s it was becoming a serious threat to the newly developed farming economy. Farmers began demanding the introduction of
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dropped by a third between 2006 and 2007, after a stoat plague triggered by the 2005–2006 mast wiped out more than half the takahē in areas where stoat numbers were not limited by trapping.
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Although stoats were recognised as a potential pest before being introduced into New
Zealand, they were given protection as late as 1936. As a means of preventing a
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115:. The warnings were ignored and stoats began to be introduced from Britain in the 1880s. Within six years, drastic declines in bird populations were noticed.
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107:(including stoats) to control the rabbit plague. Warnings about the dangers to bird life from stoats were given by scientists in New Zealand and
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55:, but is now a major threat to the native bird population. The natural range of the stoat is limited to parts of the
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years, and prefer long coastlines. In
December 2010, a stoat was seen on what was thought to be the stoat-free
75:, the fur of stoats has been reported to turn white, being the fur known as ermine, which adorns royal robes.
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Stoat caught in a trap as part of a predator control initiative at the White Heron
Sanctuary at the
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population and the stoats then prey on birds. For instance, the wild population of the endangered
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hole-nesting birds, which have very limited means of escaping stoat predation. In some areas the
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296:. Auckland: Heinemann. p. 171 – via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection.
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Stoats are difficult to control since they are bait-shy, trap-wary, and have high
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population is now 70% male, from stoats attacking female ducks incubating eggs.
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59:. Immediately before human settlement, New Zealand did not have any land-based
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416:) in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beechmast cycle"
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and
European settlers introduced a wide variety of animals. Rarely, in
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The translocation efforts of New
Zealand's pioneering conservationist
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579:"'Natural born killers' bred in New Zealand for the first time"
412:"Age structure, dispersion and diet of a population of stoats (
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248:, there are now severe penalties for introducing stoats into
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was campaigning to end the protection of mustelids and cats.
514:. New Zealand Department of Conservation. Archived from
333:"Waikato County: Monthly business: Stoats and weasels"
605:"New penalties for releasing pests in to sanctuaries"
198:. During "beech masts", when southern beech trees (
490:. Wellington, NZ: Ministry for the Environment.
429:(3). The Royal Society of New Zealand: 205–225.
581:. Landcare Research. 2001-12-13. Archived from
387:"Stoat finds on Kapiti Island a threat to kiwi"
225:A dead stoat retrieved from a trap in Fiordland
410:Purdey, D. C.; C. M. King; B Lawrence (2004).
153:, and by August the next year the New Zealand
484:"Chapter Nine: The State of Our Biodiversity"
90:Stoat emerging from a bird nesting box, near
8:
539:. Department of Conservation. 22 March 2017
488:The State of New Zealand's Environment 1997
190:In addition to birds, stoats eat insects,
111:, including the New Zealand ornithologist
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311:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press.
560:. New Zealand Department of Conservation
457:"Stoats decimating takahe in Fiordland"
658:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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685:Invasive animal species in New Zealand
346:– via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
666:", Otago Daily Times, 24 January 2022
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27:in Belgium, within its natural range
362:Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018).
680:Nature conservation in New Zealand
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537:"Making Great Island great again"
82:self-resetting rat and stoat trap
129:were undone when stoats swam to
272:Invasive species in New Zealand
423:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
133:. Stoats were eradicated from
1:
436:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518373
603:Carter, Chris (2003-04-13).
385:Blundell, Kay (2011-08-27).
16:Introduced ecological threat
262:Conservation in New Zealand
180:Waitangiroto Nature Reserve
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636:Department of Conservation
155:Department of Conservation
641:Ferret and Stoat Research
611:. New Zealand Government
690:Invasive mammal species
120:Acclimatisation Society
98:Introductions of stoats
695:Mammals of New Zealand
486:. In Ian Smith (ed.).
482:Taylor, Rowan (1997).
368:New Zealand Geographic
307:King, Carolyn (1984).
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158:swimming 1.8 km.
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47:to control introduced
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290:Druett, Joan (1983).
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118:By 1930 the Auckland
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650:at Landcare Research
267:Birds of New Zealand
246:loss of biodiversity
162:Threat to bird life
57:Northern Hemisphere
646:2011-06-14 at the
558:"Mainland islands"
518:on 30 January 2016
339:. 10 December 1930
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391:The Dominion Post
309:Immigrant Killers
131:Resolution Island
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240:Legislation
63:apart from
45:New Zealand
674:Categories
615:2016-01-22
589:2016-01-22
564:2016-01-22
543:2017-10-16
522:2016-01-22
442:2009-11-30
396:2011-08-27
343:2020-04-16
278:References
201:Nothofagus
137:and other
69:Polynesian
41:introduced
231:fecundity
139:Fiordland
105:mustelids
73:Southland
644:Archived
512:"Stoats"
467:23 April
374:: 74–91.
256:See also
184:Whataroa
25:Ardennes
634:at the
109:Britain
61:mammals
49:rabbits
632:Stoats
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211:takahē
207:rodent
92:Raglan
67:, but
39:) was
419:(PDF)
144:beech
53:hares
43:into
33:stoat
492:ISBN
469:2011
313:ISBN
196:rats
194:and
192:mice
169:whio
147:mast
65:bats
51:and
31:The
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431:doi
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