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801:(almost three times higher than the current levels, and over 4 times greater than the preindustrial levels). The study estimated that this would cause a surface warming of about 8 °C (14 °F) globally and 10 °C (18 °F) in the subtropics, which would be in addition to at least 4 °C (7.2 °F) already caused by such CO
835:, this finding is currently considered speculative. Other scientists say that the model used in that study unrealistically extrapolates the behavior of small cloud areas onto all cloud decks, and that it is incapable of simulating anything other than a rapid transition, with some comparing it to "a knob with two settings". Additionally, CO
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clouds, disrupted by decreasing convection. During formation period, puffy tops of cumulus clouds can protrude from stratocumulus cumulogenitus for a relatively long time until they completely spread in horizontal direction. Stratocumulus cumulogenitus appear as lengthy sheet or as group of separate
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is a dark layer of clouds covering entire sky without any break. However, the cloud sheet is not completely uniform, so that separate cloud bases still can be seen. This is the main precipitating type, however any rain is usually light. If the cloud layer becomes grayer to the point when individual
395:
and can be mistaken for such. A simple test to distinguish these is to compare the size of individual masses or rolls: when pointing one's hand in the direction of the cloud, if the cloud is about the size of the thumb, it is altocumulus; if it is the size of one's fist, it is stratocumulus. This
483:, but can be easily confused: "towers" of cumulus congestus grow above separate clouds, whereas in the case of stratocumulus castellanus, there is always a more or less defined layer of clouds. Stratocumulus castellanus may develop into cumulus congestus (and even further into
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climatological highs, and reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed in the ocean. When these drift over land the summer heat or winter cold is reduced. 'Dull weather' is a common expression incorporated with overcast stratocumulus days, which usually occur either in a
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Stratocumulus clouds are rounded clumps or patches of white to dark gray clouds that normally form in groups. The individual cloud elements, which cover more than 5 degrees of arc each, can connect with each other and are sometimes arranged in a regular pattern.
375:. They are also often seen underneath the cirrostratus and altostratus sheets that often precede a warm front, as these higher clouds decrease the sun's heat and therefore convection, causing any cumulus clouds to spread out into stratocumulus clouds.
342:
between a warm and cold front in a depression, or in an area of high pressure, in the latter case, sometimes persisting over a specific area for several days. If the air over land is moist and hot enough, stratocumulus may develop to various
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is also a rare, newly recognized supplementary feature in which short-lived "sea waves" form on top of a stratocumulus cloud, they are caused by wind speed and direction differences directly under and over the cloud.
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is a rare, newly recognized supplementary feature that presents itself as chaotic, wavy undulations appearing in the base of a stratocumulus cloud cover. It is thought these clouds are formed by severe wind shear.
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Cohn, Stephen; Bruhn, Michael; Anderson, George; Atkinson, Roger; Campos, Marinés; Galati, Federico; Lovell, Ernest; Rae, Colleen; Rüedi, Isabelle; Tam, Kwong Hung; Thürig-Jenzer, Eliane; Trice, Jim (2017).
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preceding a warm or occluded front, when cumulus usually lose vertical development as the sun's heat decreases. Like all other forms of stratocumulus apart from castellanus, they are also often found in
351:. This often occurs in late morning in areas under anticyclonic weather, the stratocumulus breaking up under the sun's heat and often reforming again by evening as the heat of the sun decreases again.
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have stronger convective activity due to the presence of increasingly unstable air. They are distinct from other stratocumulus by puffy tower-like formations atop the cloud layer. They look like
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are separate flat elongated seed-shaped clouds. They are typical for polar countries or warmer climate during winter seasons. They also can be formed by winds passing hills or mountains, such as
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clouds appear as the same as stratocumulus undulatus, but stratocumulus undulatus move perpendicular to the wind shear, while stratocumulus radiatus move parallel to the wind shear.
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are covered with massive sheets of stratocumulus. These may organize into distinctive patterns which are currently under active study. In subtropics, they cover the edges of the
444:, either as evaporating precipitation condenses into a cloud or as the nimbostratus cloud itself thins and breaks up. If a cumulus cloud becomes flattened (for example, by
290:, belongs to a genus-type of clouds characterized by large dark, rounded masses, usually in groups, lines, or waves, the individual elements being larger than those in
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347:, or, more commonly, the sheet of stratocumulus may become thick enough to produce some light rain. On drier areas they quickly dissipate over land, resembling
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emissions continue for a long time but are offset with extensive solar radiation modification, the break-up of stratocumulus clouds is simply delayed until CO
1138:
Schneider, Tapio; Kaul, Colleen M.; Pressel, Kyle G. (2019). "Possible climate transitions from breakup of stratocumulus decks under greenhouse warming".
305:) because of drier, stable air above preventing continued vertical development. Historically, in English, this type of cloud has been referred to as a
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concentrations drop to a much lower level. It was suggested that this finding could help explain past episodes of unusually rapid warming such as
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the specific type of stratocumulus clouds, are flat and elongated. They form in the evening, when updrafts caused by convection decrease making
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consist of separate groups of stratocumulus clouds, with a clear sky (or higher clouds) visible between them. No precipitation in most cases.
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367:. However, these clouds are often seen at either the front or tail end of worse weather, so they may indicate storms to come, in the form of
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is a layer of stratocumulus clouds with small spaces, appearing in irregular pattern, through which clear sky or higher clouds can be seen.
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clouds appear as stratocumulus clouds with two or more layers or sheets. Stratocumulus duplicatus is common on species lenticularis or
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In 2020, further work from the same authors revealed that in their large eddy simulation, this tipping point cannot be stopped with
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concentrations hit 1,700 ppm, at which point it would still cause around 5 °C (9.0 °F) of unavoidable warming.
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clouds appear as nearly parallel waves, rolls or separate elongated clouds, without significant vertical development.
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often does not apply when stratocumulus is of a broken, fractus form, when it may appear as small as altocumulus.
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Most often, stratocumulus produce no precipitation, and when they do, it is generally only light
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Stratocumulus duplicatus; Stratocumulus stratiformis (right) and
Stratocumulus floccus (left)
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Clouds-Online.com Cloud Atlas with many photos and description of the different cloud genus
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used for climate projections, with limited representation of atmospheric processes like
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model to estimate that equatorial stratocumulus clouds could break up and scatter when
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Aerial photograph of
Stratocumulus perlucidus clouds over the midwestern United States
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concentrations. In addition, stratocumulus clouds would not reform until the CO
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1211:"Solar geoengineering may not prevent strong warming from direct effects of CO
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lose vertical development and spread horizontally. They also can occur under
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infrastructure. In that case, 1,200 ppm would be passed shortly after 2100.
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is a form of precipitation that reaches the ground as light rain or snow.
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effects around the Moon at night. All stratocumulus subtypes are coded C
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levels could trigger clouds 'tipping point' and 8C of global warming"
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Cloud feedback § Possible break-up of equatorial stratocumulus clouds
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BBC Weather Centre – Types of Cloud – Stratocumulus and
Altocumulus
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clouds are very uncommon. They only occur when there are localized
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Stratocumulus clouds usually form from the rising and breakup of a
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1355:"The Cumulus And Stratocumulus CloudSat-CALIPSO Dataset (CASCCAD)"
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and selected species, supplementary features, and other airborne
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Stratocumulus clouds are the main type of cloud that can produce
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concentrations would only reach 1,200 ppm if the world follows
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1309:"A world without clouds? Hardly clear, climate scientists say"
18:
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Cumulus castellanus (unofficial alternative name for Cu con))
1209:
Schneider, Tapio; Kaul, Colleen M.; Pressel, Kyle G. (2020).
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No differentiated sub-types; tends to resemble cirrostratus
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Thicker, dark gray, and somewhat conjoined heaps of clouds.
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5 except when formed from free convective mother clouds (C
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Stratocumulus undulatus asperitas clouds, seen from Earth
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Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus radiatus praecipitatio
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clouds cannot be distinguished, stratocumulus turn into
408:. Thin stratocumulus clouds are also often the cause of
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Cesana, Grégory; Del Genio, Anthony; Chepfer, Hélène.
473:, and in this case they can be very regularly shaped.
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Stratocumulus undulatus clouds, seen from an airplane
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term for Cu con and "Cu cas" is
Towering cumulus ))
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WW2010 University of
Illinois – Stratocumulus Clouds
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2350:(Mother cloud)+mutatus (e.g. cumulomutatus (cumut)
2347:(Mother cloud)+genitus (e.g. cumulogenitus (cugen)
1008:
1006:
391:Stratocumulus clouds are similar in appearance to
991:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
921:"International cloud atlas–Definitions of clouds"
420:4) or when formed separately from co-existing (C
1384:National Science Digital Library – Stratocumulus
309:for being a combination of two types of clouds.
1069:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975).
882:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975).
817:: in a hypothetical scenario where very high CO
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590:striking through the stratocumuliform cloud.
8:
452:), it too can become a stratocumulus cloud.
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1389:Muriel Martin Online – Stratocumulus Cloud
693:Precipitation-based supplementary features
129:
1527:Nacreous polar stratospheric clouds (PSC)
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1448:Latin terminology except where indicated
885:Stratocumulus, International Cloud Atlas
1751:Mutatus non-height specific (see below)
1181:Wolchover, Natalie (25 February 2019).
874:
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592:
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301:create shallow cloud layers (see also:
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7:
1072:Varieties, International Cloud Atlas
841:Representative Concentration Pathway
773:Tipping points in the climate system
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2153:Stratocumulus stratiformis (Sc str)
2148:Stratocumulus lenticularis (Sc len)
1103:Features, International Cloud Atlas
382:Rain from stratocumulus cloud cover
2138:Stratocumulus castellanus (Sc cas)
1694:Cirrocumulus stratiformis (Cc str)
1689:Cirrocumulus lenticularis (Cc len)
1307:Voosen, Paul (February 26, 2019).
1031:Species, International Cloud Atlas
14:
1810:Altocumulus stratiformis (Ac str)
1805:Altocumulus lenticularis (Ac len)
1679:Cirrocumulus castellanus (Cc cas)
1339:World Meteorological Organization
1098:World Meteorological Organization
1026:World Meteorological Organization
953:. Meteorological Office of the UK
925:World Meteorological Organization
1915:Cumulonimbus capillatus (Cb cap)
1790:Altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas)
1548:polar stratospheric clouds (PSC)
811:Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
778:This section is an excerpt from
759:elongated cloud rolls or waves.
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2094:St-only genitus cloud and other
1730:Cirrostratus nebulosus (Cs neb)
34:needs additional citations for
2163:Stratocumulus volutus (Sc vol)
2143:Stratocumulus floccus (Sc flo)
1924:Cb-only supplementary features
1725:Cirrostratus fibratus (Cs fib)
326:Vast areas of subtropical and
1:
2101:Stratus silvagenitus (St sil)
1959:Cumulonimbus flumen ((Cb flu)
1952:Cb-only accessories and other
1800:Altocumulus lacunosus (Ac la)
1684:Cirrocumulus floccus (Cc flo)
1215:on stratocumulus cloud cover"
1910:Cumulonimbus calvus (Cb cal)
1815:Altocumulus volutus (Ac vol)
1795:Altocumulus floccus (Ac flo)
1489:Noctilucent type III billows
815:solar radiation modification
786:In 2019, a study employed a
1864:Nimbostratus virga (Ns vir)
1607:Cirrus castellanus (Ci cas)
748:Stratocumulus Cumulogenitus
729:Stratocumulus Cumulomutatus
704:Stratocumulus Praecipitatio
387:Comparison with altocumulus
2408:
2085:Stratus nebulosus (St neb)
2019:Cumulus congestus (Cu con)
2013:Cumulus mediocris (Cu med)
1648:Cirrus vertebratus (Ci ve)
1492:Noctilucent type IV whirls
829:general circulation models
777:
766:
551:Stratocumulus Translucidus
511:Stratocumulus lenticularis
499:Stratocumulus stratiformis
467:Stratocumulus Lenticularis
461:Stratocumulus Stratiformis
436:. They can also form from
166:Stratocumulus (layer heap)
1942:Cumulonimbus murus ((mur)
1931:Cumulonimbus cauda ((cau)
1622:Cirrus spissatus (Ci spa)
1486:Noctilucent type II bands
1334:International Cloud Atlas
1160:10.1038/s41561-019-0310-1
523:Stratocumulus castellanus
477:Stratocumulus Castellanus
128:
16:Family class 3 cloud type
2080:Stratus fractus (St fra)
2008:Cumulus humilis (Cu hum)
1987:Variable vertical extent
1937:Cumulonimbus incus (inc)
1612:Cirrus fibratus (Ci fib)
1483:Noctilucent type I veils
1477:Polar mesospheric clouds
1183:"A World Without Clouds"
1106:. Vol. I. pp.
1034:. Vol. I. pp.
888:. Vol. I. pp.
797:levels rise above 1,200
650:Stratocumulus lacunosus
574:Stratocumulus Duplicatus
545:Stratocumulus Perlucidus
286:, occasionally called a
2158:Stratocumulus Undulatus
1643:Cirrus intortus (Ci in)
1627:Cirrus uncinus (Ci unc)
1617:Cirrus floccus (Ci flo)
1240:10.1073/pnas.2003730117
679:Stratocumulus Asperitas
584:Stratocumulus Lacunosus
562:Stratocumulus Undulatus
557:Pattern-based varieties
529:Opacity-based varieties
2298:Supplementary features
2178:supplementary features
951:"Stratocumulus clouds"
675:
626:Stratocumulus radiatus
568:Stratocumulus Radiatus
383:
2341:and human-made clouds
1837:Altostratus undulatus
1546:Nitric acid and water
788:large eddy simulation
763:Hypothetical break-up
686:Stratocumulus Fluctus
673:
656:Supplementary feature
450:temperature inversion
381:
58:"Stratocumulus cloud"
534:Stratocumulus Opacus
244:Family C (Low-level)
124:Stratocumulus clouds
43:improve this article
2359:Homomutatus (homut)
2355:Homogenitus (hogen)
2325:Praecipitatio (pra)
1537:Lenticular nacreous
1231:2020PNAS..11730179S
1225:(48): 30179–30185.
1152:2019NatGe..12..163S
698:Stratocumulus Virga
674:Stratocumulus mamma
661:Stratocumulus Mamma
442:nimbostratus clouds
2121:Stratocumulus (Sc)
2108:(Fg) Surface level
2049:Trade wind cumulus
1534:Cirriform nacreous
1288:. 25 February 2019
985:"Ten Basic Clouds"
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2284:Translucidus (tr)
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1978:
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1894:Towering vertical
1891:Cumulonimbus (Cb)
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1847:Nimbostratus (Ns)
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1708:Cirrostratus (Cs)
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1662:Cirrocumulus (Cc)
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1636:Ci-only varieties
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1140:Nature Geoscience
1015:, Section 2.3.7.5
737:altostratus cloud
481:cumulus congestus
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2229:Actinoform cloud
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1965:Overshooting top
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1773:Altocumulus (Ac)
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1078:. pp. 20–22
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663:is a type of
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258:Precipitation
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2223:Pannus (pan)
2213:Pileus (pil)
2185:Arcus ((arc)
2120:
2063:Stratus (St)
1984:Cumulus (Cu)
1961:Beaver tail)
1763:Medium-level
1572:Tropospheric
1442:hydrometeors
1361:. Retrieved
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:Bibliography
1312:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1285:Carbon Brief
1283:
1222:
1218:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1186:
1176:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1102:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1071:
1049:. Retrieved
1030:
1020:
993:. Retrieved
988:
979:
967:
955:. Retrieved
930:25 September
928:. Retrieved
915:
903:. Retrieved
884:
877:
785:
756:cumulonimbus
747:
746:
742:anticyclones
728:
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703:
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485:cumulonimbus
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369:thunderheads
358:
325:
316:
306:
287:
280:
278:
272:Snow pellets
219:Translucidus
187:Stratiformis
184:Lenticularis
141:Abbreviation
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2330:Virga (vir)
2320:Mamma (mam)
2310:Cavum (cav)
2269:Opacus (op)
2218:Velum (vel)
2191:Tuba ((tub)
1944:Wall cloud)
1933:Tail cloud)
1850:Multi-level
1590:Cirrus (Ci)
1473:Noctilucent
1455:Mesospheric
1363:10 November
1276:"Extreme CO
995:10 November
957:10 November
905:28 November
471:Foehn winds
438:altostratus
393:altocumulus
373:gusty winds
340:warm sector
313:Description
307:twain cloud
292:altocumulus
232:500-2,000 m
178:Castellanus
2381:Categories
2243:Non-height
1580:High-level
869:References
833:subsidence
767:See also:
588:downdrafts
446:wind shear
322:Occurrence
296:convective
249:Appearance
213:Perlucidus
204:Duplicatus
69:newspapers
2252:Varieties
2206:and other
2044:Horseshoe
1970:Hot tower
1881:Low-level
1857:Varieties
1292:2 October
1194:2 October
1168:134307699
1123:26 August
1082:26 August
1051:26 August
989:JetStream
428:Formation
262:Uncommon
222:Undulatus
207:Lacunosus
2245:specific
1519:15–30 km
1465:80–85 km
1344:25 March
1259:33199624
852:See also
299:currents
229:Altitude
216:Radiatus
2392:Stratus
2387:Cumulus
2227:Other-
2130:Species
2072:Species
2003:Fractus
1995:Species
1902:Species
1782:Species
1717:Species
1671:Species
1599:Species
1582:3–18 km
1250:7720182
1227:Bibcode
1148:Bibcode
864:Sources
752:cumulus
750:out of
456:Species
198:Variety
190:Volutus
181:Floccus
172:Species
83:scholar
2187:Shelf)
1883:0–2 km
1765:2–8 km
1438:genera
1257:
1247:
1166:
1114:
1042:
896:
410:corona
331:oceans
210:Opacus
149:Symbol
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2037:Other
1475:(NLC)
1435:Cloud
1358:(PDF)
1164:S2CID
1108:22–24
1076:(PDF)
1036:17–20
890:39–42
328:polar
284:cloud
162:Genus
90:JSTOR
76:books
2027:ICAO
1365:2023
1346:2022
1294:2022
1255:PMID
1219:PNAS
1196:2022
1125:2014
1112:ISBN
1084:2014
1053:2014
1040:ISBN
997:2023
959:2023
932:2018
907:2014
894:ISBN
845:coal
771:and
440:and
424:8).
365:snow
361:rain
268:Snow
264:Rain
62:news
2106:Fog
1446:WMO
1245:PMC
1235:doi
1223:117
1156:doi
799:ppm
754:or
448:or
371:or
363:or
270:or
45:by
2383::
1444:-
1337:.
1311:.
1282:.
1267:^
1253:.
1243:.
1233:.
1221:.
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1185:.
1162:.
1154:.
1144:12
1142:.
1110:.
1061:^
1038:.
1005:^
987:.
940:^
923:.
892:.
792:CO
744:.
667:.
580:.
541:.
279:A
266:,
144:Sc
2025:(
2021:(
2017:(
1427:e
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422:L
418:L
414:L
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
